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Xu Y, Li X, Zhang S, Tang M, Yu R, Liao X, Li Z, Li M, Chen S, Qian W, Song L, Ke Z, Li J. CircMMP2(6,7) Cooperates with β-Catenin and PRMT5 to Disrupt Bone Homeostasis and Promote Breast Cancer Bone Metastasis. Cancer Res 2024; 84:328-343. [PMID: 37963200 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-23-1899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
The bone is the most common site of distant metastasis of breast cancer, which leads to serious skeletal complications and mortality. Understanding the mechanisms underlying breast cancer bone metastasis would provide potential strategies for the prevention and treatment of breast cancer bone metastasis. In this study, we identified a circular RNA that we named circMMP2(6,7) that was significantly upregulated in bone metastatic breast cancer tissues and correlated with breast cancer-bone metastasis. Upregulation of circMMP2(6,7) dramatically enhanced the metastatic capability of breast cancer cells to the bone via inducing bone metastatic niche formation by disrupting bone homeostasis. Mechanistically, circMMP2(6,7) specifically bound to the promoters of bone-remodeling factors calcium-binding protein S100A4 and carbohydrate-binding protein LGALS3 and formed a complex with β-catenin and arginine methyltransferase PRMT5, eliciting histone H3R2me1/H3R2me2s-induced transcriptional activation. Treatment with GSK591, a selective PRMT5 inhibitor, effectively inhibited circMMP2(6,7)/β-catenin/PRMT5 complex-induced breast cancer bone metastasis. These findings reveal a role for circMMP2(6,7) in bone homeostasis disruption and shed light on the mechanisms driving breast cancer bone metastasis. SIGNIFICANCE Upregulation of bone-remodeling factors S100A4 and LGALS3 mediated by a circMMP2(6,7)/β-catenin/PRMT5 complex generates a niche that supports breast cancer bone metastasis, identifying PRMT5 as a promising target for treating metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingru Xu
- Molecular Diagnosis and Gene Testing Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Medical College of Jiaying University, Meizhou, China
| | - Xincheng Li
- Molecular Diagnosis and Gene Testing Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuxia Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Miaoling Tang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruyuan Yu
- Molecular Diagnosis and Gene Testing Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Medical College of Jiaying University, Meizhou, China
| | - Xinyi Liao
- Molecular Diagnosis and Gene Testing Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou, China
| | - Ziwen Li
- Molecular Diagnosis and Gene Testing Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou, China
| | - Man Li
- Molecular Diagnosis and Gene Testing Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou, China
| | - Suwen Chen
- Molecular Diagnosis and Gene Testing Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou, China
| | - Wanying Qian
- Molecular Diagnosis and Gene Testing Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou, China
| | - Libing Song
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zunfu Ke
- Molecular Diagnosis and Gene Testing Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Li
- Molecular Diagnosis and Gene Testing Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou, China
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Boeschen M, Kuhn CK, Wirtz H, Seyfarth HJ, Frille A, Lordick F, Hacker UT, Obeck U, Stiller M, Bläker H, von Laffert M. Comparative bioinformatic analysis of KRAS, STK11 and KEAP1 (co-)mutations in non-small cell lung cancer with a special focus on KRAS G12C. Lung Cancer 2023; 184:107361. [PMID: 37699269 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2023.107361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Mutations in STK11 (STK11MUT) and KEAP1 (KEAP1MUT) occur frequently in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and are often co-mutated with KRAS. Several studies linked the co-occurrence of KRASMUT + STK11MUT, as well as KRASMUT + KEAP1MUT to reduced response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) and even a negative impact on survival. Data focusing STK11 + KEAP1 co-mutations or the triple mutation (KRAS + STK11 + KEAP1) are scarce. The recent availability of KRAS-G12C inhibitors increases the clinical relevance of those co-mutations in KRAS-mutated NSCLC. MATERIALS AND METHODS We present a comprehensive bioinformatic analysis encompassing six datasets retrieved from cBioPortal. RESULTS Independent of the treatment, triple mutations and STK11MUT + KEAP1MUT were significantly associated with a reduced overall survival (OS). Across treatments, OS of patients with a KRAS G12C triple mutation was significantly reduced compared to patients with KRAS G12C-only. Under ICI-therapy, there was no significant difference in OS between patients harboring the KRAS G12C-only and patients with the KRAS G12C triple mutation, but a significant difference between patients harboring KRAS non-G12C and KRAS non-G12C triple mutations. Triple mutated primary tumors showed a significantly increased frequency of distant metastases to bone and adrenal glands compared to KRAS-only mutated tumors. Additionally, our drug response analysis in cancer cell lines harboring the triple mutations revealed the WNT pathway inhibitor XAV-939 as a potential future drug candidate for this mutational situation. CONCLUSION The triple mutation status may serve as a negative prognostic and predictive factor across treatments compared to KRASMUT-only. KRAS G12C generally seems to be a negative predictive marker for ICI-therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriam Boeschen
- Institute of Pathology, Leipzig University Medical Center, Liebigstraße 26, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Christina Katharina Kuhn
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Johannisallee 30, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Hubert Wirtz
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Leipzig University Medical Center, Liebigstrasse 20, 04103 Leipzig
| | - Hans-Jürgen Seyfarth
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Leipzig University Medical Center, Liebigstrasse 20, 04103 Leipzig
| | - Armin Frille
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Leipzig University Medical Center, Liebigstrasse 20, 04103 Leipzig
| | - Florian Lordick
- Department of Medicine II, University Cancer Center Leipzig (UCCL), Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ulrich T Hacker
- Department of Medicine II, University Cancer Center Leipzig (UCCL), Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ulrike Obeck
- Institute of Pathology, Leipzig University Medical Center, Liebigstraße 26, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Mathias Stiller
- Institute of Pathology, Leipzig University Medical Center, Liebigstraße 26, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Hendrik Bläker
- Institute of Pathology, Leipzig University Medical Center, Liebigstraße 26, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Maximilian von Laffert
- Institute of Pathology, Leipzig University Medical Center, Liebigstraße 26, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
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Patient-Derived Breast Cancer Bone Metastasis In Vitro Model Using Bone-Mimetic Nanoclay Scaffolds. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2023. [DOI: 10.1155/2023/5753666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
Abstract
The unavailability of reliable models for studying breast cancer bone metastasis is the major challenge associated with poor prognosis in advanced-stage breast cancer patients. Breast cancer cells tend to preferentially disseminate to bone and colonize within the remodeling bone to cause bone metastasis. To improve the outcome of patients with breast cancer bone metastasis, we have previously developed a 3D in vitro breast cancer bone metastasis model using human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) and primary breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7 and MDAMB231), recapitulating late-stage of breast cancer metastasis to bone. In the present study, we have tested our model using hMSCs and patient-derived breast cancer cell lines (NT013 and NT023) exhibiting different characteristics. We investigated the effect of breast cancer metastasis on bone growth using this 3D in vitro model and compared our results with previous studies. The results showed that NT013 and NT023 cells exhibiting hormone-positive and triple-negative characteristics underwent mesenchymal to epithelial transition (MET) and formed tumors in the presence of bone microenvironment, in line with our previous results with MCF-7 and MDAMB231 cell lines. In addition, the results showed upregulation of Wnt-related genes in hMSCs, cultured in the presence of excessive ET-1 cytokine released by NT013 cells, while downregulation of Wnt-related genes in the presence of excessive DKK-1, released by NT023 cells, leading to stimulation and abrogation of the osteogenic pathway, respectively, ultimately mimicking different types of bone lesions in breast cancer patients.
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Liu P, Zeng J, Yang G. Expression of yes‑associated protein, β‑catenin and smoothened, and their clinical significance in invasive breast cancer. Exp Ther Med 2022; 23:429. [PMID: 35607374 PMCID: PMC9121206 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2022.11356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The expression profile and role of yes-associated protein (YAP) in occurrence and development of breast cancer is ambiguous. The present study aimed to explore the relationship among the YAP, β-catenin and smoothened (SMO) signaling pathways to provide a theoretical basis for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of invasive breast cancer. Immunohistochemistry was used to determine the protein expression levels of YAP, β-catenin and SMO in tumor, tumor-adjacent and normal breast tissue. The possible association between the expression levels of these three proteins and the clinicopathological features of patients with breast cancer was then analyzed by the χ2 test. The protein expression of YAP was found to be downregulated, whilst β-catenin and SMO expression were found to be upregulated in tumor tissues as compared with that in normal breast tissues. In addition, the expression of YAP in breast cancer tissues was found to be associated with that of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), progesterone and estrogen receptors. By contrast, the protein expression of β-catenin and SMO in breast cancer tissues was only associated with HER2. There was a negative correlation between the expression of YAP and SMO protein in breast cancer tissues. Compared with that in the changes in each of YAP, β-catenin and SMO protein expression levels individually, their combined changes in expression were demonstrated to associate significantly with the tumor histological grade. To conclude, data from the present study suggest that the combined protein expression of YAP, β-catenin and SMO can be used as a prognostic indicator for the treatment of invasive breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengju Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian 362000, P.R. China
| | - Jianfeng Zeng
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian 362000, P.R. China
| | - Gaohua Yang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian 362000, P.R. China
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Ban J, Fock V, Aryee DNT, Kovar H. Mechanisms, Diagnosis and Treatment of Bone Metastases. Cells 2021; 10:2944. [PMID: 34831167 PMCID: PMC8616226 DOI: 10.3390/cells10112944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone and bone marrow are among the most frequent metastatic sites of cancer. The occurrence of bone metastasis is frequently associated with a dismal disease outcome. The prevention and therapy of bone metastases is a priority in the treatment of cancer patients. However, current therapeutic options for patients with bone metastatic disease are limited in efficacy and associated with increased morbidity. Therefore, most current therapies are mainly palliative in nature. A better understanding of the underlying molecular pathways of the bone metastatic process is warranted to develop novel, well-tolerated and more successful treatments for a significant improvement of patients' quality of life and disease outcome. In this review, we provide comparative mechanistic insights into the bone metastatic process of various solid tumors, including pediatric cancers. We also highlight current and innovative approaches to biologically targeted therapy and immunotherapy. In particular, we discuss the role of the bone marrow microenvironment in the attraction, homing, dormancy and outgrowth of metastatic tumor cells and the ensuing therapeutic implications. Multiple signaling pathways have been described to contribute to metastatic spread to the bone of specific cancer entities, with most knowledge derived from the study of breast and prostate cancer. However, it is likely that similar mechanisms are involved in different types of cancer, including multiple myeloma, primary bone sarcomas and neuroblastoma. The metastatic rate-limiting interaction of tumor cells with the various cellular and noncellular components of the bone-marrow niche provides attractive therapeutic targets, which are already partially exploited by novel promising immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jozef Ban
- St. Anna Children’s Cancer Research Institute, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (J.B.); (V.F.); (D.N.T.A.)
| | - Valerie Fock
- St. Anna Children’s Cancer Research Institute, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (J.B.); (V.F.); (D.N.T.A.)
| | - Dave N. T. Aryee
- St. Anna Children’s Cancer Research Institute, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (J.B.); (V.F.); (D.N.T.A.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Heinrich Kovar
- St. Anna Children’s Cancer Research Institute, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (J.B.); (V.F.); (D.N.T.A.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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Yu H, Zhao F, Li J, Zhu K, Lin H, Pan Z, Zhu M, Yao M, Yan M. TBX2 Identified as a Potential Predictor of Bone Metastasis in Lung Adenocarcinoma via Integrated Bioinformatics Analyses and Verification of Functional Assay. J Cancer 2020; 11:388-402. [PMID: 31897234 PMCID: PMC6930436 DOI: 10.7150/jca.31636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Bone metastasis from patients with advanced lung adenocarcinoma (LAC) is a very serious complication. To better understand the molecular mechanism, our current study sheds light on identification of hub genes mediating bone metastatic spread by combining bioinformatic analysis with functional verification. Methods: First, we downloaded a lung adenocarcinoma dataset (GSE76194) from Gene Expression Omnibus, analyzed differentially expressed genes (DEGs) through Limma package in R software and constructed a protein-protein interaction network. Based on that preliminary data, we further performed modular and topological analysis using Cystoscope to obtain biological connected genes. Through literature searching and performing mRNA expression analysis on the other independent public dataset (GSE10799), we finally focused on TBX2. Functional effects of TBX2 were performed in tumorigenicity assays including migration and invasion assays, cell proliferation assay, and cell cycle assay. In addition, mechanically, we found enriched pathways related to bone metastasis using Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) and validated our results by western blot. Result: A total of 1132 significant genes were sorted initially. We selected common significant genes (log FC>2; p<0.01) from both the biological network data and microarray data. In total, 44 such genes were identified. we found TBX2, along with 10 other genes, to be reported with relevance to bone metastasis in other cancer types. Moreover, TBX2 showed significantly higher expression levels in patients that were found positive for metastasis to bone marrow compared to patients that did not exhibit this type of metastasis in the other separated cohort (GSE10799). Thus, we finally focused on TBX2. We found that TBX2 had detectable expression in LAC cell lines and silencing endogenous TBX2 expression in A549 and H1299 cell lines markedly suppressed migration and invasion, cell proliferation and arrested cell-cycle. Pathway enrichment analyses suggested that TBX2 drove LAC oncogenesis and metastasis through various pathways with epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) figuring prominently in the bone metastatic group, which was evidenced by western blot. Conclusion: Collectively, TBX2 plays as a potential predictor of bone metastasis from LAC, yielding a better promise view towards "driver" gene responsible for bone metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huajian Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fangyu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kechao Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Hechun Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen Pan
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Miaoxin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingxia Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Kar S, Jasuja H, Katti DR, Katti KS. Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway Regulates Osteogenesis for Breast Cancer Bone Metastasis: Experiments in an In Vitro Nanoclay Scaffold Cancer Testbed. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 6:2600-2611. [PMID: 33463270 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b00923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer shows a high affinity toward bone, causing bone-related complications, leading to a poor clinical prognosis. The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway has been well-documented for the bone regenerative process; however, the regulation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in breast cancer bone metastasis is poorly explored. Here, we report that the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway has a significant effect on osteogenesis during breast cancer bone metastasis. In this study, we have created a 3D in vitro breast cancer bone metastatic microenvironment using nanoclay-based scaffolds along with osteogenically differentiated human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and human breast cancer cells (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231). The results showed upregulation in expressions of Wnt-related factors (Wnt-5a, β-catenin, AXIN2, and LRP5) in sequential cultures of MSCs with MCF-7 as compared to sequential cultures of MSCs with MDA-MB-231. Sequential cultures of MSCs with MCF-7 also showed higher β-catenin expression on the protein levels than sequential cultures of MSCs with MDA-MB-231. Stimulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in sequential cultures of MSCs with MCF-7 by ET-1 resulted in increased bone formation, whereas inactivation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling by DKK-1 displayed a significant decrease in bone formation, mimicking bone lesions in breast cancer patients. These data collectively demonstrate that Wnt/β-catenin signaling governs osteogenesis within the tumor-harboring bone microenvironment, leading to bone metastasis. The nanoclay scaffold provides a unique testbed approach for analysis of the pathways of cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumanta Kar
- Center for Engineered Cancer Test Beds, Materials and Nanotechnology Program, and Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58108, United States
| | - Haneesh Jasuja
- Center for Engineered Cancer Test Beds, Materials and Nanotechnology Program, and Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58108, United States
| | - Dinesh R Katti
- Center for Engineered Cancer Test Beds, Materials and Nanotechnology Program, and Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58108, United States
| | - Kalpana S Katti
- Center for Engineered Cancer Test Beds, Materials and Nanotechnology Program, and Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58108, United States
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Abstract
Developmental signaling pathways control a vast array of biological processes during embryogenesis and in adult life. The WNT pathway was discovered simultaneously in cancer and development. Recent advances have expanded the role of WNT to a wide range of pathologies in humans. Here, we discuss the WNT pathway and its role in human disease and some of the advances in WNT-related treatments.
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Marino S, Bishop RT, de Ridder D, Delgado-Calle J, Reagan MR. 2D and 3D In Vitro Co-Culture for Cancer and Bone Cell Interaction Studies. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1914:71-98. [PMID: 30729461 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8997-3_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Co-culture assays are used to study the mutual interaction between cells in vitro. This chapter describes 2D and 3D co-culture systems used to study cell-cell signaling crosstalk between cancer cells and bone marrow adipocytes, osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and osteocytes. The chapter provides a step-by-step guide to the most commonly used cell culture techniques, functional assays, and gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Marino
- Division Hematology Oncology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
| | - Ryan T Bishop
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Daniëlle de Ridder
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Jesus Delgado-Calle
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Michaela R Reagan
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Centre Research Institute, Scarborough, ME, USA
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Hirata E, Ichikawa T, Horike SI, Kiyokawa E. Active K-RAS induces the coherent rotation of epithelial cells: A model for collective cell invasion in vitro. Cancer Sci 2018; 109:4045-4055. [PMID: 30281889 PMCID: PMC6272113 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
At the invasive front of adenocarcinomas, single cells and multicellular structures exist; the latter include glands and cell clusters, such as tumor buddings and poorly differentiated clusters. Recent reports suggest the importance of collective cell migration in metastasis; however, it is technically difficult to observe the movement of multicellular structures in vivo. We utilized MDCK cells as a model for epithelial cells and established a method to quantify their motility in 3D structures in vitro. A single MDCK cell grows as a cell cluster in the gel and later proliferates and forms a cyst. Active K-RAS expression induced rotation of both the cell clusters and the cysts. The rotation speed of cell clusters was 4 times higher than that of cysts. The screening of inhibitors for their effects on cell clusters and cysts revealed that cyclin B1 and β-catenin were the key molecules for their rotation, respectively. Regulators for cyst rotation, such as vorinostat and β-catenin, were not effective for inducing cell cluster rotation. These results indicate that the signaling pathways of cell dynamics are different between cell clusters and cysts. As cell clusters are related to lymph node involvement and the prognosis of various carcinomas, our in vitro quantitative system may be useful for the screening of drugs to prevent lymphatic invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eishu Hirata
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan.,Division of Tumor Cell Biology and Bioimaging, Cancer Research Institute of Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Takehiko Ichikawa
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Horike
- Advanced Science Research Center, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Etsuko Kiyokawa
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
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Keup C, Mach P, Aktas B, Tewes M, Kolberg HC, Hauch S, Sprenger-Haussels M, Kimmig R, Kasimir-Bauer S. RNA Profiles of Circulating Tumor Cells and Extracellular Vesicles for Therapy Stratification of Metastatic Breast Cancer Patients. Clin Chem 2018; 64:1054-1062. [DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2017.283531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Liquid biopsies are discussed to provide surrogate markers for therapy stratification and monitoring. We compared messenger RNA (mRNA) profiles of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and extracellular vesicles (EVs) in patients with metastatic breast cancer (MBC) to estimate their utility in therapy management.
METHODS
Blood was collected from 35 hormone receptor-positive/HER2-negative patients with MBC at the time of disease progression and at 2 consecutive staging time points. CTCs were isolated from 5 mL of blood by positive immunomagnetic selection, and EVs from 4 mL of plasma by a membrane affinity-based procedure. mRNA was reverse transcribed, preamplified, and analyzed for 18 genes by multimarker quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assays. RNA profiles were normalized to healthy donor controls (n = 20), and results were correlated with therapy outcome.
RESULTS
There were great differences in mRNA profiles of EVs and CTCs, with only 5% (21/403) of positive signals identical in both fractions. Transcripts involved in the PI3K signaling pathway were frequently overexpressed in CTCs, and AURKA, PARP1, and SRC signals appeared more often in EVs. Of all patients, 40% and 34% showed ERBB2 and ERBB3 signals, respectively, in CTCs, which was significantly associated with disease progression (P = 0.007). Whereas MTOR signals in CTCs significantly correlated with response (P = 0.046), signals in EVs indicated therapy failure (P = 0.011). The presence of AURKA signals in EVs seemed to be a marker for the indication of unsuccessful treatment of bone metastasis.
CONCLUSIONS
These results emphasize the potential of CTCs and EVs for therapy monitoring and the need for critical evaluation of the implementation of any liquid biopsy in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinna Keup
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital of Essen, Germany
| | - Pawel Mach
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital of Essen, Germany
| | - Bahriye Aktas
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital of Essen, Germany
- Department of Gynecology, University Hospital of Leipzig, Germany
| | - Mitra Tewes
- Department of Internal Medicine (Cancer Research), University Hospital of Essen, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Rainer Kimmig
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital of Essen, Germany
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Brook N, Brook E, Dharmarajan A, Dass CR, Chan A. Breast cancer bone metastases: pathogenesis and therapeutic targets. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2018; 96:63-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 12/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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13
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Yang X, Wang L, Wang Q, Li L, Fu Y, Sun J. MiR-183 inhibits osteosarcoma cell growth and invasion by regulating LRP6-Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 496:1197-1203. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.01.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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14
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Wnt inhibitory factor 1 (WIF1) methylation and its association with clinical prognosis in patients with chondrosarcoma. Sci Rep 2017; 7:1580. [PMID: 28484252 PMCID: PMC5431504 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-01763-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Chondrosarcoma (CS) is a rare cancer, but it is the second most common primary malignant bone tumor and highly resistant to conventional chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Aberrant DNA methylation in the promoter CpG island of Wnt inhibitory factor 1 (WIF1) has been observed in different cancers. However, no studies have shown the relationship between WIF1 methylation and CS. In this study, we found promoter methylated WIF1 in both CS cell lines (CS-1 and SW1353) and tumor tissues. Western blot analysis confirmed loss WIF1 expression and activation of Wnt pathway proteins (Wnt5a/b, LRP6, and Dvl2). We subsequently examined the correlation between levels of WIF1 methylation and overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) in CS patient samples with a follow-up spanning 234 months (mean: 57.6 months). Kaplan-Meier survival curves and log-rank tests revealed that high levels of WIF1 methylation were associated with lower OS and PFS rates (p < 0.05). Multivariate Cox hazard analysis suggested that detection of high level methylation of WIF1 could be an independent prognostic factor in OS and PFS. In conclusion, we found that WIF1 is epigenetically silenced via promoter DNA methylation in CS and propose that WIF1 methylation may serve as a potential prognostic marker for patients with CS.
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15
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Moon JH, Lim S, Jo K, Lee S, Seo S, Kim S. PINTnet: construction of condition-specific pathway interaction network by computing shortest paths on weighted PPI. BMC SYSTEMS BIOLOGY 2017; 11:15. [PMID: 28361687 PMCID: PMC5374644 DOI: 10.1186/s12918-017-0387-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Background Identifying perturbed pathways in a given condition is crucial in understanding biological phenomena. In addition to identifying perturbed pathways individually, pathway analysis should consider interactions among pathways. Currently available pathway interaction prediction methods are based on the existence of overlapping genes between pathways, protein-protein interaction (PPI) or functional similarities. However, these approaches just consider the pathways as a set of genes, thus they do not take account of topological features. In addition, most of the existing approaches do not handle the explicit gene expression quantity information that is routinely measured by RNA-sequecing. Results To overcome these technical issues, we developed a new pathway interaction network construction method using PPI, closeness centrality and shortest paths. We tested our approach on three different high-throughput RNA-seq data sets: pregnant mice data to reveal the role of serotonin on beta cell mass, bone-metastatic breast cancer data and autoimmune thyroiditis data to study the role of IFN- α. Our approach successfully identified the pathways reported in the original papers. For the pathways that are not directly mentioned in the original papers, we were able to find evidences of pathway interactions by the literature search. Our method outperformed two existing approaches, overlapping gene-based approach (OGB) and protein-protein interaction-based approach (PB), in experiments with the three data sets. Conclusion Our results show that PINTnet successfully identified condition-specific perturbed pathways and the interactions between the pathways. We believe that our method will be very useful in characterizing biological mechanisms at the pathway level. PINTnet is available at http://biohealth.snu.ac.kr/software/PINTnet/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hwan Moon
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangsoo Lim
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyuri Jo
- Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangseon Lee
- Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seokjun Seo
- Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Kim
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,Bioinformatics Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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16
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Cai YD, Zhang Q, Zhang YH, Chen L, Huang T. Identification of Genes Associated with Breast Cancer Metastasis to Bone on a Protein–Protein Interaction Network with a Shortest Path Algorithm. J Proteome Res 2017; 16:1027-1038. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.6b00950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Dong Cai
- School
of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444 People’s Republic of China
| | - Qing Zhang
- School
of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu-Hang Zhang
- Institute
of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Chen
- College
of Information Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai 201306, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tao Huang
- Institute
of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, People’s Republic of China
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17
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Abstract
Wnt (Wingless-related integration site)-signaling orchestrates self-renewal programs in normal somatic stem cells as well as in cancer stem cells. Aberrant Wnt signaling is associated with a wide variety of malignancies and diseases. Although our understanding has increased tremendously over the past decade, therapeutic targeting of the dysregulated Wnt pathway remains a challenge. Here we review recent preclinical and clinical therapeutic approaches to target the Wnt pathway.
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18
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In Vitro Co-Culture Models of Breast Cancer Metastatic Progression towards Bone. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17091405. [PMID: 27571063 PMCID: PMC5037685 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17091405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Advanced breast cancer frequently metastasizes to bone through a multistep process involving the detachment of cells from the primary tumor, their intravasation into the bloodstream, adhesion to the endothelium and extravasation into the bone, culminating with the establishment of a vicious cycle causing extensive bone lysis. In recent years, the crosstalk between tumor cells and secondary organs microenvironment is gaining much attention, being indicated as a crucial aspect in all metastatic steps. To investigate the complex interrelation between the tumor and the microenvironment, both in vitro and in vivo models have been exploited. In vitro models have some advantages over in vivo, mainly the possibility to thoroughly dissect in controlled conditions and with only human cells the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the metastatic progression. In this article we will review the main results deriving from in vitro co-culture models, describing mechanisms activated in the crosstalk between breast cancer and bone cells which drive the different metastatic steps.
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19
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Basu S, Combe K, Kwiatkowski F, Caldefie-Chézet F, Penault-Llorca F, Bignon YJ, Vasson MP. Cellular Expression of Cyclooxygenase, Aromatase, Adipokines, Inflammation and Cell Proliferation Markers in Breast Cancer Specimen. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0138443. [PMID: 26431176 PMCID: PMC4592217 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Current evidences suggest that expression of Ki67, cyclooxygenase (COX), aromatase, adipokines, prostaglandins, free radicals, β-catenin and α-SMA might be involved in breast cancer pathogenesis. The main objective of this study was to compare expression/localization of these potential compounds in breast cancer tissues with tissues collected adjacent to the tumor using immunohistochemistry and correlated with clinical pathology. The breast cancer specimens were collected from 30 women aged between 49 and 89 years who underwent breast surgery following cancer diagnosis. Expression levels of molecules by different stainings were graded as a score on a scale based upon staining intensity and proportion of positive cells/area or individually. AdipoR1, adiponectin, Ob-R, leptin, COX-1, COX-2, aromatase, PGF2α, F2-isoprostanes and α-SMA were localised on higher levels in the breast tissues adjacent to the tumor compared to tumor specimens when considering either score or staining area whereas COX-2 and AdipoR2 were found to be higher considering staining intensity and Ki67 on score level in the tumor tissue. There was no significant difference observed on β-catenin either on score nor on staining area and intensity between tissues adjacent to the tumor and tumor tissues. A positive correlation was found between COX-1 and COX-2 in the tumor tissues. In conclusion, these suggest that Ki67, COXs, aromatase, prostaglandin, free radicals, adipokines, β-catenin and α-SMA are involved in breast cancer. These further focus the need of examination of tissues adjacent to tumor, tumor itself and compare them with normal or benign breast tissues for a better understanding of breast cancer pathology and future evaluation of therapeutic benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar Basu
- Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, UMR 1019, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH-Auvergne, BP 10448, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Oxidative Stress and Inflammation, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| | - Kristell Combe
- Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, UMR 1019, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH-Auvergne, BP 10448, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - Florence Caldefie-Chézet
- Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, UMR 1019, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH-Auvergne, BP 10448, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - Yves-Jean Bignon
- Centre Jean Perrin, Unicancer, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Marie-Paule Vasson
- Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, UMR 1019, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH-Auvergne, BP 10448, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Centre Jean Perrin, Unicancer, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Unité d’exploration nutritionnelle, F-63003, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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20
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The Wnt inhibitor dickkopf-1: a link between breast cancer and bone metastases. Clin Exp Metastasis 2015; 32:857-66. [DOI: 10.1007/s10585-015-9750-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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21
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MSX1 inhibits cell migration and invasion through regulating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in glioblastoma. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:1097-104. [PMID: 26271668 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3892-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is a type of primary brain tumor with poor prognosis. The hallmark phenotype of glioblastoma is its aggressive invasion. Understanding the molecular mechanism of the invasion behavior of glioblastoma is essential for the development of effective treatment of the disease. In our present study, we found that the expression levels of a homeobox transcription factor, MSX1, were significantly reduced in glioblastoma compared to normal brain tissues. The levels of MSX1 in glioblastoma tissues were also correlated with the survival of the patients. In cultured glioblastoma cells, MSX1 was a negative regulator of cell migration and invasion. Loss of MSX1 enhanced cell migration and induced mesenchymal transition as characterized by the downregulation of E-cadherin and the upregulation of N-cadherin. Overexpression of MSX1 on the other hand led to the inhibition of both cell migration and mesenchymal transition. We also found that MSX1 was able to inhibit the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, and that the ability to regulate the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is critical for MSX1 to suppress glioblastoma cell migration and invasion.
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22
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Abstract
The identification of cancer stem cells (CSCs) represents an important milestone in the understanding of chemodrug resistance and cancer recurrence. More specifically, some studies have suggested that potential metastasis-initiating cells (MICs) might be present within small CSC populations. The targeting and eradication of these cells represents a potential strategy for significantly improving clinical outcomes. A number of studies have suggested that dysregulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling occurs in human breast cancer. Consistent with these findings, our previous data have shown that the relative level of Wnt/β-catenin signaling activity in breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) is significantly higher than that in bulk cancer cells. These results suggest that BCSCs could be sensitive to therapeutic approaches targeting Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. In this context, abnormal Wnt/β-catenin signaling activity may be an important clinical feature of breast cancer and a predictor of poor survival. We therefore hypothesized that Wnt/β-catenin signaling might regulate self-renewal and CSC migration, thereby enabling metastasis and systemic tumor dissemination in breast cancer. Here, we investigated the effects of inhibiting Wnt/β-catenin signaling on cancer cell migratory potential by examining the expression of CSC-related genes, and we examined how this pathway links metastatic potential with tumor formation in vitro and in vivo.
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23
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Kumar KJS, Vani MG, Chueh PJ, Mau JL, Wang SY. Antrodin C inhibits epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and metastasis of breast cancer cells via suppression of Smad2/3 and β-catenin signaling pathways. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0117111. [PMID: 25658913 PMCID: PMC4319743 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a crucial event involved metastasis of certain tumors. Thus, identifying chemical agents that can block EMT is highly warranted for the development of anti-cancer chemoprevention/chemotherapies. In this study, we found that Antrodin C (ADC), a maleimide derivative isolated from Antrodia cinnamomea health food product inhibits TGF-β1-induced EMT and breast cancer cell metastasis in vitro. Pretreatment of MCF-7 cells with ADC significantly blocked TGF-β1-induced phenotypic changes and actin cytoskeleton remodeling. In addition, ADC was able to up-regulate epithelial markers such as E-cadherin and occludin, whereas mesenchymal markers including N-cadherin and vimentin were significantly inhibited, possibly through the modulation of transcriptional regulators Smad/Smad3. ADC blocked TGF-β1-induced migration and invasion of MCF-7 cells through the down-regulation of matrix-metalloproteinases (MMP-2, -9) and urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA). The inhibition of MMPs and uPA activity by ADC was reasoned by suppression of its corresponding transcription factor β-catenin. Taken together, our data suggested that ADC attenuates the TGF-β1-induced EMT, migration and invasion of human breast carcinoma through the suppression of Smad2/3 and β-catenin signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - M. Gokila Vani
- Department of Forestry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Pin-Ju Chueh
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jeng-Leun Mau
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- National Chung Hsing University/University of California at Davis, Plant and Food Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Yang Wang
- Department of Forestry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- National Chung Hsing University/University of California at Davis, Plant and Food Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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24
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Yang X, Li L, Huang Q, Xu W, Cai X, Zhang J, Yan W, Song D, Liu T, Zhou W, Li Z, Yang C, Dang Y, Xiao J. Wnt signaling through Snail1 and Zeb1 regulates bone metastasis in lung cancer. Am J Cancer Res 2015; 5:748-755. [PMID: 25973312 PMCID: PMC4396030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Wnt-β-catenin signaling participates in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in a variety of cancers; however, its role in lung cancer induced bone metastasis and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate that β-catenin, Snail1 and Zeb1 were significantly upregulated in bone metastasis tissues from human and mouse compared with the normal controls. E-cadherin expression is negatively regulated by Zeb1, Snail1 and β-catenin during bone metastasis tissues induced by lung cancer. Knocking down Zeb1 and Snail1 in lung cancer cell lines showed increased E-cadherin mRNA expression and less invasion compared with the original cell lines. In addition, β-catenin knockdown led to the increase of E-cadherin and the decrease of Zeb1 and Snail1, which in turn inhibited the invasive properties of lung cancer. Our results demonstrated that Wnt signaling through Snail1 and Zeb1 regulates bone metastasis in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinghai Yang
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Quan Huang
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Xiaopan Cai
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Jishen Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Wangjun Yan
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Dianwen Song
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Tielong Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Wang Zhou
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Zhenxi Li
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Cheng Yang
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Yongyan Dang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Jianru Xiao
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai 200003, China
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25
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Cai Y, Cai T, Chen Y. Wnt pathway in osteosarcoma, from oncogenic to therapeutic. J Cell Biochem 2014; 115:625-31. [PMID: 24190862 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most common malignant bone tumor in children and adolescents. Although pathologic characteristics of this disease are clear and well established, much remains to be understood about this tumor, particularly at the molecular signaling level. Secreted signaling molecules of the Wnt family have been widely investigated and found to play a central role in controlling embryonic bone development, bone mass, and postnatal bone regeneration. A variety of studies also suggest that Wnt signaling pathway is closely associated with bone malignancies, including breast or prostate cancer induced bone metastasis, multiple myeloma, as well as osteosarcoma. Here, we provide an overview of the role of Wnt signaling pathway in osteosarcoma development and progression, highlighting the aberrant activation of Wnt pathway in this bone malignancy. We also discuss the potential therapeutic applications for the treatment of osteosarcoma targeting Wnt pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Cai
- School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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26
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Xi Y, Chen Y. Wnt signaling pathway: implications for therapy in lung cancer and bone metastasis. Cancer Lett 2014; 353:8-16. [PMID: 25042867 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2014.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Revised: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 07/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer remains a major worldwide health problem and patients have high rate of metastasis including bone. Although pathologic characteristics of this disease are clear and well established, much remains to be understood about this tumor, particularly at the molecular signaling level. Secreted signaling molecules of the Wnt family have been widely investigated and found to play a prominent role to induce human malignant diseases, such as breast and prostate cancer. A variety of studies have also demonstrated that the Wnt signaling pathway is closely associated with bone malignancies including osteosarcoma, multiple myeloma, and breast or prostate cancer induced bone metastasis. The aim of this review is to provide a summary regarding the role of the Wnt signaling pathway in lung cancer and bone metastasis, highlighting the aberrant activation of Wnt in this malignancy. We also discuss the potential therapeutic applications for the treatment of lung cancer and cancer induced bone metastasis targeting the Wnt pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongming Xi
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Division in Signaling Biology, Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada.
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27
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Pang H, Lu H, Song H, Meng Q, Zhao Y, Liu N, Lan F, Liu Y, Yan S, Dong X, Cai L. Prognostic values of osteopontin-c, E-cadherin and β-catenin in breast cancer. Cancer Epidemiol 2013; 37:985-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2013.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2013] [Revised: 07/31/2013] [Accepted: 08/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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28
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Cai J, Guan H, Fang L, Yang Y, Zhu X, Yuan J, Wu J, Li M. MicroRNA-374a activates Wnt/β-catenin signaling to promote breast cancer metastasis. J Clin Invest 2013; 123:566-79. [PMID: 23321667 DOI: 10.1172/jci65871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2012] [Accepted: 11/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor metastasis involves a series of biological steps during which the tumor cells acquire the ability to invade surrounding tissues and survive outside the original tumor site. During the early stages, the cancer cells undergo an epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Wnt/β-catenin signaling is known to drive EMT and metastasis. Here we report that Wnt/β-catenin signaling is hyperactivated in metastatic breast cancer cells that express microRNA 374a (miR-374a). In breast cancer cell lines, ectopic overexpression of miR-374a promoted EMT and metastasis both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, miR-374a directly targeted and suppressed multiple negative regulators of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling cascade, including WIF1, PTEN, and WNT5A. Notably, miR-374a was markedly upregulated in primary tumor samples from patients with distant metastases and was associated with poor metastasis-free survival. These results demonstrate that miR-374a maintains constitutively activated Wnt/β-catenin signaling and may represent a therapeutic target for early metastatic breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junchao Cai
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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29
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Breast tumor-associated osteoblast-derived CXCL5 increases cancer progression by ERK/MSK1/Elk-1/snail signaling pathway. Oncogene 2012; 32:4436-47. [PMID: 23045282 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2012.444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2012] [Revised: 08/13/2012] [Accepted: 08/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The skeleton is the most common metastatic site for breast cancer, with bone metastasis causing pain as well as risk of pathological fractures. Interaction between tumors and the bone microenvironment creates a vicious cycle that accelerates both bone destruction and cancer progression. This study is the first to analyze the soluble factors secreted by breast tumor-associated osteoblasts (TAOBs), which are responsible for promoting cancer progression. The addition of CXCL5 (chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 5), present in large amounts in TAOB-condition medium (TAOB-CM), mimicked the inductive effect of TAOB-CM on breast cancer epithelial-mesenchymal transition, migration and invasion. In contrast, inhibition of CXCL5 in OBs decreased TAOB-mediated cancer progression. Inducement of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cancer progression by TAOB-derived CXCL5 is associated with increased Raf/MEK/ERK activation, and mitogen- and stress-activated protein kinase 1 (MSK1) and Elk-1 phosphorylation, as well as Snail upregulation. Activation of Elk-1 facilitates recruitment of phosphorylated MSK1, which in turn enhances histone H3 acetylation and phosphorylation (serine 10) of Snail promoter, resulting in Snail enhancement and E-cadherin downregulation. Moreover, mice treated with anti-CXCL5 antibodies showed decreased metastasis of 4T1 breast cancer cells. Our study suggests that inhibition of CXCL5-mediated ERK/Snail signaling is an attractive therapeutic target for treating metastases in breast cancer patients.
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