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Nguyen TLL, Nguyen DV, Heo KS. Potential biological functions and future perspectives of sialylated milk oligosaccharides. Arch Pharm Res 2024; 47:325-340. [PMID: 38561494 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-024-01492-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Sialyllactoses (SLs) primarily include sialylated human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) and bovine milk oligosaccharides (BMOs). First, the safety assessment of 3'-sialyllactose (3'-SL) and 6'-sialyllactose (6'-SL) revealed low toxicity in various animal models and human participants. SLs constitute a unique milk component, highlighting the essential nutrients and bioactive components crucial for infant development, along with numerous associated health benefits for various diseases. This review explores the safety, biosynthesis, and potential biological effects of SLs, with a specific focus on their influence across various physiological systems, including the gastrointestinal system, immune disorders, rare genetic disorders (such as GNE myopathy), cancers, neurological disorders, cardiovascular diseases, diverse cancers, and viral infections, thus indicating their therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dung Van Nguyen
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Sun Heo
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea.
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2
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Wang Z, Nie X, Gao F, Tang Y, Ma Y, Zhang Y, Gao Y, Yang C, Ding J, Wang X. Increasing brain N-acetylneuraminic acid alleviates hydrocephalus-induced neurological deficits. CNS Neurosci Ther 2023; 29:3183-3198. [PMID: 37222223 PMCID: PMC10580356 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS This metabolomic study aimed to evaluate the role of N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) in the neurological deficits of normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) and its potential therapeutic effect. METHODS We analyzed the metabolic profiles of NPH using cerebrospinal fluid with multivariate and univariate statistical analyses in a set of 42 NPH patients and 38 controls. We further correlated the levels of differential metabolites with severity-related clinical parameters, including the normal pressure hydrocephalus grading scale (NPHGS). We then established kaolin-induced hydrocephalus in mice and treated them using N-acetylmannosamine (ManNAc), a precursor of Neu5Ac. We examined brain Neu5Ac, astrocyte polarization, demyelination, and neurobehavioral outcomes to explore its therapeutic effect. RESULTS Three metabolites were significantly altered in NPH patients. Only decreased Neu5Ac levels were correlated with NPHGS scores. Decreased brain Neu5Ac levels have been observed in hydrocephalic mice. Increasing brain Neu5Ac by ManNAc suppressed the activation of astrocytes and promoted their transition from A1 to A2 polarization. ManNAc also attenuated the periventricular white matter demyelination and improved neurobehavioral outcomes in hydrocephalic mice. CONCLUSION Increasing brain Neu5Ac improved the neurological outcomes associated with the regulation of astrocyte polarization and the suppression of demyelination in hydrocephalic mice, which may be a potential therapeutic strategy for NPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangyang Wang
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Xiaoqun Nie
- CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant SciencesChinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)ShanghaiChina
| | - Fang Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant SciencesChinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)ShanghaiChina
| | - Yanmin Tang
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yuanyuan Ma
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yiying Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yanqin Gao
- Department of the State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain ScienceFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Chen Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant SciencesChinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)ShanghaiChina
| | - Jing Ding
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Department of the State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain ScienceFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
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3
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Da Silva A, Dort J, Orfi Z, Pan X, Huang S, Kho I, Heckel E, Muscarnera G, van Vliet PP, Sturiale L, Messina A, Romeo DA, van Karnebeek CD, Wen XY, Hinek A, Molina T, Andelfinger G, Ellezam B, Yamanaka Y, Olivos HJ, Morales CR, Joyal JS, Lefeber DJ, Garozzo D, Dumont NA, Pshezhetsky AV. N-acetylneuraminate pyruvate lyase controls sialylation of muscle glycoproteins essential for muscle regeneration and function. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eade6308. [PMID: 37390204 PMCID: PMC10313170 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ade6308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
Deleterious variants in N-acetylneuraminate pyruvate lyase (NPL) cause skeletal myopathy and cardiac edema in humans and zebrafish, but its physiological role remains unknown. We report generation of mouse models of the disease: NplR63C, carrying the human p.Arg63Cys variant, and Npldel116 with a 116-bp exonic deletion. In both strains, NPL deficiency causes drastic increase in free sialic acid levels, reduction of skeletal muscle force and endurance, slower healing and smaller size of newly formed myofibers after cardiotoxin-induced muscle injury, increased glycolysis, partially impaired mitochondrial function, and aberrant sialylation of dystroglycan and mitochondrial LRP130 protein. NPL-catalyzed degradation of sialic acid in the muscle increases after fasting and injury and in human patient and mouse models with genetic muscle dystrophy, demonstrating that NPL is essential for muscle function and regeneration and serves as a general marker of muscle damage. Oral administration of N-acetylmannosamine rescues skeletal myopathy, as well as mitochondrial and structural abnormalities in NplR63C mice, suggesting a potential treatment for human patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afitz Da Silva
- Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine Research Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Junio Dort
- Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine Research Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Zakaria Orfi
- Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine Research Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Xuefang Pan
- Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine Research Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Sjanie Huang
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen 6500, Netherlands
| | - Ikhui Kho
- Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine Research Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Emilie Heckel
- Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine Research Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Giacomo Muscarnera
- Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine Research Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Patrick Piet van Vliet
- Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine Research Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Luisa Sturiale
- CNR, Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, Catania, Italy
| | - Angela Messina
- CNR, Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, Catania, Italy
| | | | - Clara D.M. van Karnebeek
- Departments of Pediatrics and Human Genetics, Emma Center for Personalized Medicine, Amsterdam Reproduction and Development, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Xiao-Yan Wen
- Zebrafish Centre for Advanced Drug Discovery and ZebraPeutics (Guangdong) Ltd., HengQin District, Zhuhai, China
| | - Aleksander Hinek
- Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Thomas Molina
- Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine Research Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Gregor Andelfinger
- Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine Research Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Benjamin Ellezam
- Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine Research Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Yojiro Yamanaka
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Carlos R. Morales
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jean-Sébastien Joyal
- Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine Research Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Dirk J. Lefeber
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen 6500, Netherlands
- Translational Metabolic Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboudumc Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen 6500, Netherlands
| | - Domenico Garozzo
- CNR, Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, Catania, Italy
| | - Nicolas A. Dumont
- Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine Research Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- School of Rehabilitation, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Alexey V. Pshezhetsky
- Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine Research Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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4
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Hagenhaus V, Gorenflos López JL, Rosenstengel R, Neu C, Hackenberger CPR, Celik A, Weinert K, Nguyen MB, Bork K, Horstkorte R, Gesper A. Glycation Interferes with the Activity of the Bi-Functional UDP- N-Acetylglucosamine 2-Epimerase/ N-Acetyl-mannosamine Kinase (GNE). Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13030422. [PMID: 36979358 PMCID: PMC10046061 DOI: 10.3390/biom13030422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the gene coding for the bi-functional UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 2-epimerase/N-acetylmannosamine kinase (GNE), the key enzyme of the sialic acid biosynthesis, are responsible for autosomal-recessive GNE myopathy (GNEM). GNEM is an adult-onset disease with a yet unknown exact pathophysiology. Since the protein appears to work adequately for a certain period of time even though the mutation is already present, other effects appear to influence the onset and progression of the disease. In this study, we want to investigate whether the late onset of GNEM is based on an age-related effect, e.g., the accumulation of post-translational modifications (PTMs). Furthermore, we also want to investigate what effect on the enzyme activity such an accumulation would have. We will particularly focus on glycation, which is a PTM through non-enzymatic reactions between the carbonyl groups (e.g., of methylglyoxal (MGO) or glyoxal (GO)) with amino groups of proteins or other biomolecules. It is already known that the levels of both MGO and GO increase with age. For our investigations, we express each domain of the GNE separately, treat them with one of the glycation agents, and determine their activity. We demonstrate that the enzymatic activity of the N-acetylmannosamine kinase (GNE-kinase domain) decreases dramatically after glycation with MGO or GO-with a remaining activity of 13% ± 5% (5 mM MGO) and 22% ± 4% (5 mM GO). Whereas the activity of the UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 2-epimerase (GNE-epimerase domain) is only slightly reduced after glycation-with a remaining activity of 60% ± 8% (5 mM MGO) and 63% ± 5% (5 mM GO).
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Hagenhaus
- Institute for Physiological Chemistry, Medical Faculty, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06114 Halle, Germany
| | - Jacob L Gorenflos López
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie im Forschungsverbund Berlin e.V. (FMP), Campus Berlin-Buch, Robert-Roessle-Str. 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
- Institut für Chemie, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Rebecca Rosenstengel
- Institute for Physiological Chemistry, Medical Faculty, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06114 Halle, Germany
| | - Carolin Neu
- Institute for Physiological Chemistry, Medical Faculty, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06114 Halle, Germany
| | - Christian P R Hackenberger
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie im Forschungsverbund Berlin e.V. (FMP), Campus Berlin-Buch, Robert-Roessle-Str. 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
- Institut für Chemie, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Arif Celik
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie im Forschungsverbund Berlin e.V. (FMP), Campus Berlin-Buch, Robert-Roessle-Str. 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
- Institut für Chemie, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Klara Weinert
- Institute for Physiological Chemistry, Medical Faculty, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06114 Halle, Germany
| | - Mai-Binh Nguyen
- Institute for Physiological Chemistry, Medical Faculty, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06114 Halle, Germany
| | - Kaya Bork
- Institute for Physiological Chemistry, Medical Faculty, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06114 Halle, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Horstkorte
- Institute for Physiological Chemistry, Medical Faculty, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06114 Halle, Germany
| | - Astrid Gesper
- Institute for Physiological Chemistry, Medical Faculty, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06114 Halle, Germany
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5
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Metabolic Glycoengineering: A Promising Strategy to Remodel Microenvironments for Regenerative Therapy. Stem Cells Int 2023; 2023:1655750. [PMID: 36814525 PMCID: PMC9940976 DOI: 10.1155/2023/1655750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell-based regenerative therapy utilizes the differentiation potential of stem cells to rejuvenate tissues. But the dynamic fate of stem cells is calling for precise control to optimize their therapeutic efficiency. Stem cell fate is regulated by specific conditions called "microenvironments." Among the various factors in the microenvironment, the cell-surface glycan acts as a mediator of cell-matrix and cell-cell interactions and manipulates the behavior of cells. Herein, metabolic glycoengineering (MGE) is an easy but powerful technology for remodeling the structure of glycan. By presenting unnatural glycans on the surface, MGE provides us an opportunity to reshape the microenvironment and evoke desired cellular responses. In this review, we firstly focused on the determining role of glycans on cellular activity; then, we introduced how MGE influences glycosylation and subsequently affects cell fate; at last, we outlined the application of MGE in regenerative therapy, especially in the musculoskeletal system, and the future direction of MGE is discussed.
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6
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Saeui CT, Shah SR, Fernandez-Gil BI, Zhang C, Agatemor C, Dammen-Brower K, Mathew MP, Buettner M, Gowda P, Khare P, Otamendi-Lopez A, Yang S, Zhang H, Le A, Quinoñes-Hinojosa A, Yarema KJ. Anticancer Properties of Hexosamine Analogs Designed to Attenuate Metabolic Flux through the Hexosamine Biosynthetic Pathway. ACS Chem Biol 2023; 18:151-165. [PMID: 36626752 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.2c00784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Altered cellular metabolism is a hallmark of cancer pathogenesis and progression; for example, a near-universal feature of cancer is increased metabolic flux through the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP). This pathway produces uridine diphosphate N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc), a potent oncometabolite that drives multiple facets of cancer progression. In this study, we synthesized and evaluated peracetylated hexosamine analogs designed to reduce flux through the HBP. By screening a panel of analogs in pancreatic cancer and glioblastoma multiform (GBM) cells, we identified Ac4Glc2Bz─a benzyl-modified GlcNAc mimetic─as an antiproliferative cancer drug candidate that down-regulated oncogenic metabolites and reduced GBM cell motility at concentrations non-toxic to non-neoplastic cells. More specifically, the growth inhibitory effects of Ac4Glc2Bz were linked to reduced levels of UDP-GlcNAc and concomitant decreases in protein O-GlcNAc modification in both pancreatic cancer and GBM cells. Targeted metabolomics analysis in GBM cells showed that Ac4Glc2Bz disturbed glucose metabolism, amino acid pools, and nucleotide precursor biosynthesis, consistent with reduced proliferation and other anti-oncogenic properties of this analog. Furthermore, Ac4Glc2Bz reduced the invasion, migration, and stemness of GBM cells. Importantly, normal metabolic functions mediated by UDP-GlcNAc were not disrupted in non-neoplastic cells, including maintenance of endogenous levels of O-GlcNAcylation with no global disruption of N-glycan production. Finally, a pilot in vivo study showed that a potential therapeutic window exists where animals tolerated 5- to 10-fold higher levels of Ac4Glc2Bz than projected for in vivo efficacy. Together, these results establish GlcNAc analogs targeting the HBP through salvage mechanisms as a new therapeutic approach to safely normalize an important facet of aberrant glucose metabolism associated with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher T Saeui
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and The Translational Tissue Engineering Center, The Johns Hopkins University and Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States
| | - Sagar R Shah
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and The Translational Tissue Engineering Center, The Johns Hopkins University and Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States
| | | | - Cissy Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Christian Agatemor
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and The Translational Tissue Engineering Center, The Johns Hopkins University and Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States
| | - Kris Dammen-Brower
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and The Translational Tissue Engineering Center, The Johns Hopkins University and Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States
| | - Mohit P Mathew
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and The Translational Tissue Engineering Center, The Johns Hopkins University and Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States
| | - Matthew Buettner
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and The Translational Tissue Engineering Center, The Johns Hopkins University and Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States
| | - Prateek Gowda
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and The Translational Tissue Engineering Center, The Johns Hopkins University and Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States
| | - Pratik Khare
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | | | - Shuang Yang
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, United States
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, United States
| | - Anne Le
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | | | - Kevin J Yarema
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and The Translational Tissue Engineering Center, The Johns Hopkins University and Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States
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Zygmunt DA, Lam P, Ashbrook A, Koczwara K, Lek A, Lek M, Martin PT. Development of Assays to Measure GNE Gene Potency and Gene Replacement in Skeletal Muscle. J Neuromuscul Dis 2023; 10:797-812. [PMID: 37458043 PMCID: PMC10578240 DOI: 10.3233/jnd-221596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND GNE myopathy (GNEM) is a severe muscle disease caused by mutations in the UDP-GlcNAc-2-epimerase/ManNAc-6-kinase (GNE) gene, which encodes a bifunctional enzyme required for sialic acid (Sia) biosynthesis. OBJECTIVE To develop assays to demonstrate the potency of AAV gene therapy vectors in making Sia and to define the dose required for replacement of endogenous mouse Gne gene expression with human GNE in skeletal muscles. METHODS A MyoD-inducible Gne-deficient cell line, Lec3MyoDI, and a GNE-deficient human muscle cell line, were made and tested to define the potency of various AAV vectors to increase binding of Sia-specific lectins, including MAA and SNA. qPCR and qRT-PCR methods were used to quantify AAV biodistribution and GNE gene expression after intravenous delivery of AAV vectors designed with different promoters in wild-type mice. RESULTS Lec3 cells showed a strong deficit in MAA binding, while GNE-/-MB135 cells did not. Overexpressing GNE in Lec3 and Lec3MyoDI cells by AAV infection stimulated MAA binding in a dose-dependent manner. Use of a constitutive promoter, CMV, showed higher induction of MAA binding than use of muscle-specific promoters (MCK, MHCK7). rAAVrh74.CMV.GNE stimulated human GNE expression in muscles at levels equivalent to endogenous mouse Gne at a dose of 1×1013vg/kg, while AAVs with muscle-specific promoters required higher doses. AAV biodistribution in skeletal muscles trended higher when CMV was used as the promoter, and this correlated with increased sialylation of its viral capsid. CONCLUSIONS Lec3 and Lec3MyoDI cells work well to assay the potency of AAV vectors in making Sia. Systemic delivery of rAAVrh74.CMV.GNE can deliver GNE gene replacement to skeletal muscles at doses that do not overwhelm non-muscle tissues, suggesting that AAV vectors that drive constitutive organ expression could be used to treat GNEM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah A. Zygmunt
- Center for Gene Therapy, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Children’s Drive, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Patricia Lam
- Center for Gene Therapy, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Children’s Drive, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Anna Ashbrook
- Center for Gene Therapy, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Children’s Drive, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Katherine Koczwara
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Angela Lek
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Monkol Lek
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Paul T. Martin
- Center for Gene Therapy, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Children’s Drive, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
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8
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The role of amyloid β in the pathological mechanism of GNE myopathy. Neurol Sci 2022; 43:6309-6321. [PMID: 35904705 PMCID: PMC9616754 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-022-06301-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
GNE myopathy is a hereditary muscle disorder characterized by muscle atrophy and weakness initially involving the lower distal extremities. The treatment of GNE myopathy mainly focuses on a sialic acid deficiency caused by a mutation in the GNE gene, but it has not achieved the expected effect. The main pathological features of GNE myopathy are myofiber atrophy and rimmed vacuoles, including accumulation of amyloid β, which is mainly found in atrophic muscle fibers. Although the role of amyloid β and other misfolded proteins on the nervous system has been widely recognized, the cause and process of the formation of amyloid β in the pathological process of GNE myopathy are unclear. In addition, amyloid β has been reported to be linked to quality control mechanisms of proteins, such as molecular chaperones, the ubiquitin–proteasome system, and the autophagy-lysosome system. Herein, we summarize the possible reasons for amyloid β deposition and illustrate amyloid β-mediated events in the cells and their role in muscle atrophy in GNE myopathy. This review represents an overview of amyloid β and GNE myopathy that could help identify a potential mechanism and thereby a plausible therapeutic for the disease.
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9
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Crowe KE, Zygmunt DA, Heller K, Rodino-Klapac L, Noguchi S, Nishino I, Martin PT. Visualizing Muscle Sialic Acid Expression in the GNED207VTgGne-/- Cmah-/- Model of GNE Myopathy: A Comparison of Dietary and Gene Therapy Approaches. J Neuromuscul Dis 2021; 9:53-71. [PMID: 34511508 DOI: 10.3233/jnd-200575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND GNE myopathy (GNEM) is a rare, adult-onset, inclusion body myopathy that results from partial loss of function mutations in the GNE gene. GNE encodes UDP-GlcNAc epimerase/Mannose-6 kinase, a protein with two enzymatic activities that comprise the committed step in biosynthesis of sialic acid (SA), an essential glycan that appears on the terminal positions of many extracellular oligosaccharide chains. These GNE mutations can cause a reduction of SA in many tissues, although pathology is restricted to skeletal muscles through a poorly understood mechanism. OBJECTIVE Despite recent advances in the field, it remains unclear which therapeutic avenue is most promising for the restoration of SA level in skeletal muscle affected by GNEM. Our objective was to assess dietary and gene therapy strategies for GNEM in Cmah-deficient GNED207VTgGne-/- mice, a model that allows for the visualization of orally delivered N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc), one of the two predominant SA forms in muscle. METHODS Methods included in situ physiology studies of the tibialis anterior muscle, studies of ambulation and limb grip strength, and muscle staining using MAA, SNA, and anti-Neu5Gc antibody, along with qPCR, qRT-PCR, western blot, and HPLC studies to assess virally introduced DNA, GNE gene expression, GNE protein expression, and SA expression. RESULTS We found that a diet enriched in Neu5Gc-containing glycoproteins had no impact on Neu5Gc immunostaining in muscles of GNEM model mice. Delivery of a single high dose oral Neu5Gc therapy, however, did increase Neu5Gc immunostaining, though to levels below those found in wild type mice. Delivery of a single dose of GNE gene therapy using a recombinant Adeno Associated Virus (rAAV) vector with a liver-specific or a muscle-specific promoter both caused increased muscle Neu5Gc immunostaining that exceeded that seen with single dose monosaccharide therapy. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that dietary loading of Neu5Gc-containing glycoproteins is not effective in increasing muscle Neu5Gc expression, while single dose oral Neu5Gc monosaccharide or GNE gene therapy are. Neu5Gc immunostaining, however, showed greater changes than did lectin staining or HPLC analysis. Taken together, these results suggest that Neu5Gc immunostaining may be more sensitive technique to follow SA expression than other more commonly used methods and that liver expression of GNE may contribute overall muscle SA content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly E Crowe
- Department of Biology, Mount St. Joseph University Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Deborah A Zygmunt
- Center for Gene Therapy, Abigail Wexner Research Institute Children's Drive Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Kristin Heller
- Center for Gene Therapy, Abigail Wexner Research Institute Children's Drive Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Louise Rodino-Klapac
- Center for Gene Therapy, Abigail Wexner Research Institute Children's Drive Columbus, OH, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Satoru Noguchi
- Department of Neuromuscular Research, National Institute of Neuroscience Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ichizo Nishino
- Department of Neuromuscular Research, National Institute of Neuroscience Tokyo, Japan
| | - Paul T Martin
- Center for Gene Therapy, Abigail Wexner Research Institute Children's Drive Columbus, OH, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine Columbus, OH, USA
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10
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Lochmüller H, Behin A, Tournev I, Tarnopolsky M, Horváth R, Pogoryelova O, Shah J, Koutsoukos T, Skrinar A, Kakkis E, Bedrosian CL, Mozaffar T. Results from a 3-year Non-interventional, Observational Disease Monitoring Program in Adults with GNE Myopathy. J Neuromuscul Dis 2021; 8:225-234. [PMID: 33459658 PMCID: PMC8075380 DOI: 10.3233/jnd-200565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND: GNE myopathy is a rare, autosomal recessive, muscle disease caused by mutations in GNE and is characterized by rimmed vacuoles on muscle biopsy and progressive distal to proximal muscle weakness. OBJECTIVE: Investigate the clinical presentation and progression of GNE myopathy. METHODS: The GNE Myopathy Disease Monitoring Program was an international, prospective, observational study in subjects with GNE myopathy. Muscle strength was assessed with hand-held dynamometry (HHD), with upper extremity (UE) and lower extremity (LE) composite scores reflecting upper and lower extremity muscle groups, respectively. The GNE myopathy–Functional Activity Scale (GNEM-FAS) was used to further assess impairment in mobility, upper extremity function, and self-care. RESULTS: Eighty-seven of 101 enrolled subjects completed the trial until study closure by the sponsor; 60 completed 36 months. Mean (SD) HHD UE composite score decreased from 34.3 kg (32.0) at baseline to 29.4 kg (32.6) kg at month 36 (LS mean change [95%CI]: –3.8 kg [–5.9, –1.7]; P = 0.0005). Mean (SD) HHD LE composite score decreased from 32.0 kg (34.1) at baseline to 25.5 kg (31.2) at month 36 (LS mean change [95%CI]: –4.9 [–7.7, –2.2]; P = 0.0005). GNEM-FAS scores were more severe at baseline in subjects who walked <200 meters versus ≥200 meters in 6 minutes; in both groups, GNEM-FAS total, mobility, UE, and self-care scores decreased from baseline through month 36. CONCLUSIONS: These findings demonstrate progressive decline in muscle strength in GNE myopathy and provide insight into the appropriate tools to detect clinically meaningful changes in future GNE myopathy interventional trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanns Lochmüller
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Anthony Behin
- APHP, Centre de référence de pathologie neuromusculaire, Institut de Myologie, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpetrière, Paris, France
| | - Ivailo Tournev
- Expert Center of Genetic Neurologic and Metabolic Disorders, University Hospital Aleksandrovska; Department of Neurology, Medical University - Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria, Department of Cognitive Science and Psychology, New Bulgarian University, Sofia
| | - Mark Tarnopolsky
- McMaster University Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, Neuromuscular and Neurometabolic Clinic, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Rita Horváth
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Oksana Pogoryelova
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Jinay Shah
- Ultragenyx Pharmaceutical Inc., Novato, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Emil Kakkis
- Ultragenyx Pharmaceutical Inc., Novato, CA, USA
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11
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Yang H, Lu L, Chen X. An overview and future prospects of sialic acids. Biotechnol Adv 2020; 46:107678. [PMID: 33285252 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2020.107678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Sialic acids (Sias) are negatively charged functional monosaccharides present in a wide variety of natural sources (plants, animals and microorganisms). Sias play an important role in many life processes, which are widely applied in the medical and food industries as intestinal antibacterials, antivirals, anti-oxidative agents, food ingredients, and detoxification agents. Most Sias are composed of N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac, >99%), and Sia is its most commonly used name. In this article, we review Sias in terms of their structures, applications, determination methods, metabolism, and production strategies. In particular, we summarise and compare different production strategies, including extraction from natural sources, chemical synthesis, polymer decomposition, enzymatic synthesis, whole-cell catalysis, and de novo biosynthesis via microorganism fermentation. We also discuss research on their physiological functions and applications, barriers to efficient production, and strategies for overcoming these challenges. We focus on efficient de novo biosynthesis strategies for Neu5Ac via microbial fermentation using novel synthetic biology tools and methods that may be applied in future. This work provides a comprehensive overview of recent advances on Sias, and addresses future challenges regarding their functions, applications, and production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiquan Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Liping Lu
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; College of life Science and Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Xianzhong Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
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12
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Kurashige T, Takahashi T, Nagano Y, Sugie K, Maruyama H. Krebs von den Lungen 6 decreased in the serum and muscle of GNE myopathy patients. Neuropathology 2020; 41:29-36. [PMID: 33225515 PMCID: PMC7983952 DOI: 10.1111/neup.12703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
UDP‐N‐acetylglucosamine 2‐epimerase/N‐acetylmannosamine kinase (GNE) is necessary for sialic acid biosynthesis. GNE myopathy is caused by a defect in GNE, and hyposialylation is a key factor in the pathomechanism of GNE myopathy. Although candidates for evaluating hyposialylation have been reported, it is difficult to measure them in routine clinical practice. Sialylation is necessary for synthesis of various glycoproteins, including Krebs von den Lungen‐6 (KL‐6)/mucin 1 (MUC1). Here we report that KL‐6/MUC1 is decreased in GNE myopathy. We observed that KL‐6 levels were decreased in the serum of patients with GNE myopathy, and that KL‐6 and MUC1‐C were also decreased in muscle biopsy specimens from these patients. An immunofluorescent study revealed that KL‐6 and MUC1‐C were not present in the sarcolemma but were, instead, localized in rimmed vacuoles in specimens from patients with GNE myopathy. KL‐6 is already used to detect lung diseases in clinical practice, and this glycoprotein may be a novel candidate for evaluating hyposialylation in GNE myopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Kurashige
- Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization Kure Medical Center and Chugoku Cancer Center, Kure, Hiroshima, Japan.,Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Therapeutics, Division of Applied Life Science, Hiroshima University Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Takahashi
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Therapeutics, Division of Applied Life Science, Hiroshima University Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yoshito Nagano
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Therapeutics, Division of Applied Life Science, Hiroshima University Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kazuma Sugie
- Department of Neurology, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Maruyama
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Therapeutics, Division of Applied Life Science, Hiroshima University Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
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13
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Moons SJ, Adema GJ, Derks MT, Boltje TJ, Büll C. Sialic acid glycoengineering using N-acetylmannosamine and sialic acid analogs. Glycobiology 2020; 29:433-445. [PMID: 30913290 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwz026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sialic acids cap the glycans of cell surface glycoproteins and glycolipids. They are involved in a multitude of biological processes and aberrant sialic acid expression is associated with several pathologies. Sialic acids modulate the characteristics and functions of glycoproteins and regulate cell-cell as well as cell-extracellular matrix interactions. Pathogens such as influenza virus use sialic acids to infect host cells and cancer cells exploit sialic acids to escape from the host's immune system. The introduction of unnatural sialic acids with different functionalities into surface glycans enables the study of the broad biological functions of these sugars and presents a therapeutic option to intervene with pathological processes involving sialic acids. Multiple chemically modified sialic acid analogs can be directly utilized by cells for sialoglycan synthesis. Alternatively, analogs of the natural sialic acid precursor sugar N-Acetylmannosamine (ManNAc) can be introduced into the sialic acid biosynthesis pathway resulting in the intracellular conversion into the corresponding sialic acid analog. Both, ManNAc and sialic acid analogs, have been employed successfully for a large variety of glycoengineering applications such as glycan imaging, targeting toxins to tumor cells, inhibiting pathogen binding, or altering immune cell activity. However, there are significant differences between ManNAc and sialic acid analogs with respect to their chemical modification potential and cellular metabolism that should be considered in sialic acid glycoengineering experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam J Moons
- Cluster for Molecular Chemistry, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Gosse J Adema
- Radiotherapy & OncoImmunology Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 32, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Max Tgm Derks
- Cluster for Molecular Chemistry, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas J Boltje
- Cluster for Molecular Chemistry, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Christian Büll
- Radiotherapy & OncoImmunology Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 32, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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14
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Agatemor C, Buettner MJ, Ariss R, Muthiah K, Saeui CT, Yarema KJ. Exploiting metabolic glycoengineering to advance healthcare. Nat Rev Chem 2019; 3:605-620. [PMID: 31777760 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-019-0126-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic glycoengineering (MGE) is a technique for manipulating cellular metabolism to modulate glycosylation. MGE is used to increase the levels of natural glycans and, more importantly, to install non-natural monosaccharides into glycoconjugates. In this Review, we summarize the chemistry underlying MGE that has been developed over the past three decades and highlight several recent advances that have set the stage for clinical translation. In anticipation of near-term application to human healthcare, we describe emerging efforts to deploy MGE in diverse applications, ranging from the glycoengineering of biotherapeutic proteins and the diagnosis and treatment of complex diseases such as cancer to the development of new immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Agatemor
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Translational Tissue Engineering Center (TTEC), The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Matthew J Buettner
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Translational Tissue Engineering Center (TTEC), The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ryan Ariss
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Translational Tissue Engineering Center (TTEC), The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Keerthana Muthiah
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Translational Tissue Engineering Center (TTEC), The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Christopher T Saeui
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Translational Tissue Engineering Center (TTEC), The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kevin J Yarema
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Translational Tissue Engineering Center (TTEC), The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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15
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Morozzi C, Sedláková J, Serpi M, Avigliano M, Carbajo R, Sandoval L, Valles-Ayoub Y, Crutcher P, Thomas S, Pertusati F. Targeting GNE Myopathy: A Dual Prodrug Approach for the Delivery of N-Acetylmannosamine 6-Phosphate. J Med Chem 2019; 62:8178-8193. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Morozzi
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, King Edward VII Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3NB, U.K
| | - Jana Sedláková
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, King Edward VII Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3NB, U.K
| | - Michaela Serpi
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, King Edward VII Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3NB, U.K
| | - Marialuce Avigliano
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, King Edward VII Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3NB, U.K
| | - Rosangela Carbajo
- FirmaLab Bio-Diagnostics, 21053 Devonshire Street, Suite 106, Chatsworth, California 91311, United States
| | - Lucia Sandoval
- FirmaLab Bio-Diagnostics, 21053 Devonshire Street, Suite 106, Chatsworth, California 91311, United States
| | - Yadira Valles-Ayoub
- FirmaLab Bio-Diagnostics, 21053 Devonshire Street, Suite 106, Chatsworth, California 91311, United States
| | - Patrick Crutcher
- Cerecor Inc., 540 Gaither Road, Suite 400, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Stephen Thomas
- Cerecor Inc., 540 Gaither Road, Suite 400, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Fabrizio Pertusati
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, King Edward VII Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3NB, U.K
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16
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Lochmüller H, Behin A, Caraco Y, Lau H, Mirabella M, Tournev I, Tarnopolsky M, Pogoryelova O, Woods C, Lai A, Shah J, Koutsoukos T, Skrinar A, Mansbach H, Kakkis E, Mozaffar T. A phase 3 randomized study evaluating sialic acid extended-release for GNE myopathy. Neurology 2019; 92:e2109-e2117. [PMID: 31036580 PMCID: PMC6512882 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000006932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of aceneuramic acid extended-release (Ace-ER), a treatment intended to replace deficient sialic acid, in patients with GNE myopathy. Methods UX001-CL301 was a phase 3, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized, international study evaluating the efficacy and safety of Ace-ER in patients with GNE myopathy. Participants who could walk ≥200 meters in a 6-minute walk test at screening were randomized 1:1, and stratified by sex, to receive Ace-ER 6 g/d or placebo for 48 weeks and assessed every 8 weeks. The primary endpoint was change in muscle strength over 48 weeks measured by upper extremity composite (UEC) score. Key secondary endpoints included change in lower extremity composite (LEC) score, knee extensor strength, and GNE myopathy–Functional Activity Scale (GNEM-FAS) mobility domain score. Safety assessments included adverse events (AEs), vital signs, and clinical laboratory results. Results Eighty-nine patients were randomized (Ace-ER n = 45; placebo n = 44). Change from baseline to week 48 for UEC score between treatments did not differ (least square mean [LSM] Ace-ER −2.25 kg vs placebo −2.99 kg; LSM difference confidence interval [CI] 0.74 [−1.61 to 3.09]; p = 0.5387). At week 48, there was no significant difference between treatments for the change in key secondary endpoints: LEC LSM difference (CI) −1.49 (−5.83 to 2.86); knee extension strength −0.40 (−2.38 to 1.58); and GNEM-FAS mobility domain score −0.72 (−2.01 to 0.57). Gastrointestinal events were the most common AEs. Conclusions Ace-ER was not superior to placebo in improving muscle strength and function in patients with GNE myopathy. Classification of evidence This study provides Class I evidence that for patients with GNE myopathy, Ace-ER does not improve muscle strength compared to placebo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanns Lochmüller
- From the Institute of Genetic Medicine (H.L., O.P.), Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute (H.L.), University of Ottawa; Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine (H.L.), The Ottawa Hospital, Canada; APHP (A.B.), Centre de Référence de Pathologie Neuromusculaire, Institut de Myologie, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Hadassah Clinical Research Center (Y.C.), Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel; Department of Neurology, Division of Neurogenetics (H.L.), NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS (M.M.), Catholic University, Rome, Italy; Expert Center of Genetic Neurologic and Metabolic Disorders (I.T.), University Hospital Aleksandrovska, Sofia; Department of Neurology (I.T.), Medical University Sofia; Department of Cognitive Science and Psychology (I.T.), New Bulgarian University, Sofia, Bulgaria; Department of Pediatrics, Neuromuscular and Neurometabolic Clinic (M.T.), McMaster University Medical Center, Hamilton, Canada; Ultragenyx Pharmaceutical Inc. (C.W., A.L., J.S., T.K., A.S., H.M., E.K.), Novato, CA; and University of California Irvine (T.M.), Orange. H.L. is currently affiliated with the Department of Neuropediatrics and Muscle Disorders, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Germany.
| | - Anthony Behin
- From the Institute of Genetic Medicine (H.L., O.P.), Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute (H.L.), University of Ottawa; Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine (H.L.), The Ottawa Hospital, Canada; APHP (A.B.), Centre de Référence de Pathologie Neuromusculaire, Institut de Myologie, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Hadassah Clinical Research Center (Y.C.), Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel; Department of Neurology, Division of Neurogenetics (H.L.), NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS (M.M.), Catholic University, Rome, Italy; Expert Center of Genetic Neurologic and Metabolic Disorders (I.T.), University Hospital Aleksandrovska, Sofia; Department of Neurology (I.T.), Medical University Sofia; Department of Cognitive Science and Psychology (I.T.), New Bulgarian University, Sofia, Bulgaria; Department of Pediatrics, Neuromuscular and Neurometabolic Clinic (M.T.), McMaster University Medical Center, Hamilton, Canada; Ultragenyx Pharmaceutical Inc. (C.W., A.L., J.S., T.K., A.S., H.M., E.K.), Novato, CA; and University of California Irvine (T.M.), Orange. H.L. is currently affiliated with the Department of Neuropediatrics and Muscle Disorders, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Germany
| | - Yoseph Caraco
- From the Institute of Genetic Medicine (H.L., O.P.), Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute (H.L.), University of Ottawa; Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine (H.L.), The Ottawa Hospital, Canada; APHP (A.B.), Centre de Référence de Pathologie Neuromusculaire, Institut de Myologie, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Hadassah Clinical Research Center (Y.C.), Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel; Department of Neurology, Division of Neurogenetics (H.L.), NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS (M.M.), Catholic University, Rome, Italy; Expert Center of Genetic Neurologic and Metabolic Disorders (I.T.), University Hospital Aleksandrovska, Sofia; Department of Neurology (I.T.), Medical University Sofia; Department of Cognitive Science and Psychology (I.T.), New Bulgarian University, Sofia, Bulgaria; Department of Pediatrics, Neuromuscular and Neurometabolic Clinic (M.T.), McMaster University Medical Center, Hamilton, Canada; Ultragenyx Pharmaceutical Inc. (C.W., A.L., J.S., T.K., A.S., H.M., E.K.), Novato, CA; and University of California Irvine (T.M.), Orange. H.L. is currently affiliated with the Department of Neuropediatrics and Muscle Disorders, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Germany
| | - Heather Lau
- From the Institute of Genetic Medicine (H.L., O.P.), Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute (H.L.), University of Ottawa; Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine (H.L.), The Ottawa Hospital, Canada; APHP (A.B.), Centre de Référence de Pathologie Neuromusculaire, Institut de Myologie, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Hadassah Clinical Research Center (Y.C.), Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel; Department of Neurology, Division of Neurogenetics (H.L.), NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS (M.M.), Catholic University, Rome, Italy; Expert Center of Genetic Neurologic and Metabolic Disorders (I.T.), University Hospital Aleksandrovska, Sofia; Department of Neurology (I.T.), Medical University Sofia; Department of Cognitive Science and Psychology (I.T.), New Bulgarian University, Sofia, Bulgaria; Department of Pediatrics, Neuromuscular and Neurometabolic Clinic (M.T.), McMaster University Medical Center, Hamilton, Canada; Ultragenyx Pharmaceutical Inc. (C.W., A.L., J.S., T.K., A.S., H.M., E.K.), Novato, CA; and University of California Irvine (T.M.), Orange. H.L. is currently affiliated with the Department of Neuropediatrics and Muscle Disorders, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Germany
| | - Massimiliano Mirabella
- From the Institute of Genetic Medicine (H.L., O.P.), Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute (H.L.), University of Ottawa; Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine (H.L.), The Ottawa Hospital, Canada; APHP (A.B.), Centre de Référence de Pathologie Neuromusculaire, Institut de Myologie, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Hadassah Clinical Research Center (Y.C.), Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel; Department of Neurology, Division of Neurogenetics (H.L.), NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS (M.M.), Catholic University, Rome, Italy; Expert Center of Genetic Neurologic and Metabolic Disorders (I.T.), University Hospital Aleksandrovska, Sofia; Department of Neurology (I.T.), Medical University Sofia; Department of Cognitive Science and Psychology (I.T.), New Bulgarian University, Sofia, Bulgaria; Department of Pediatrics, Neuromuscular and Neurometabolic Clinic (M.T.), McMaster University Medical Center, Hamilton, Canada; Ultragenyx Pharmaceutical Inc. (C.W., A.L., J.S., T.K., A.S., H.M., E.K.), Novato, CA; and University of California Irvine (T.M.), Orange. H.L. is currently affiliated with the Department of Neuropediatrics and Muscle Disorders, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Germany
| | - Ivailo Tournev
- From the Institute of Genetic Medicine (H.L., O.P.), Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute (H.L.), University of Ottawa; Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine (H.L.), The Ottawa Hospital, Canada; APHP (A.B.), Centre de Référence de Pathologie Neuromusculaire, Institut de Myologie, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Hadassah Clinical Research Center (Y.C.), Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel; Department of Neurology, Division of Neurogenetics (H.L.), NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS (M.M.), Catholic University, Rome, Italy; Expert Center of Genetic Neurologic and Metabolic Disorders (I.T.), University Hospital Aleksandrovska, Sofia; Department of Neurology (I.T.), Medical University Sofia; Department of Cognitive Science and Psychology (I.T.), New Bulgarian University, Sofia, Bulgaria; Department of Pediatrics, Neuromuscular and Neurometabolic Clinic (M.T.), McMaster University Medical Center, Hamilton, Canada; Ultragenyx Pharmaceutical Inc. (C.W., A.L., J.S., T.K., A.S., H.M., E.K.), Novato, CA; and University of California Irvine (T.M.), Orange. H.L. is currently affiliated with the Department of Neuropediatrics and Muscle Disorders, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Germany
| | - Mark Tarnopolsky
- From the Institute of Genetic Medicine (H.L., O.P.), Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute (H.L.), University of Ottawa; Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine (H.L.), The Ottawa Hospital, Canada; APHP (A.B.), Centre de Référence de Pathologie Neuromusculaire, Institut de Myologie, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Hadassah Clinical Research Center (Y.C.), Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel; Department of Neurology, Division of Neurogenetics (H.L.), NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS (M.M.), Catholic University, Rome, Italy; Expert Center of Genetic Neurologic and Metabolic Disorders (I.T.), University Hospital Aleksandrovska, Sofia; Department of Neurology (I.T.), Medical University Sofia; Department of Cognitive Science and Psychology (I.T.), New Bulgarian University, Sofia, Bulgaria; Department of Pediatrics, Neuromuscular and Neurometabolic Clinic (M.T.), McMaster University Medical Center, Hamilton, Canada; Ultragenyx Pharmaceutical Inc. (C.W., A.L., J.S., T.K., A.S., H.M., E.K.), Novato, CA; and University of California Irvine (T.M.), Orange. H.L. is currently affiliated with the Department of Neuropediatrics and Muscle Disorders, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Germany
| | - Oksana Pogoryelova
- From the Institute of Genetic Medicine (H.L., O.P.), Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute (H.L.), University of Ottawa; Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine (H.L.), The Ottawa Hospital, Canada; APHP (A.B.), Centre de Référence de Pathologie Neuromusculaire, Institut de Myologie, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Hadassah Clinical Research Center (Y.C.), Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel; Department of Neurology, Division of Neurogenetics (H.L.), NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS (M.M.), Catholic University, Rome, Italy; Expert Center of Genetic Neurologic and Metabolic Disorders (I.T.), University Hospital Aleksandrovska, Sofia; Department of Neurology (I.T.), Medical University Sofia; Department of Cognitive Science and Psychology (I.T.), New Bulgarian University, Sofia, Bulgaria; Department of Pediatrics, Neuromuscular and Neurometabolic Clinic (M.T.), McMaster University Medical Center, Hamilton, Canada; Ultragenyx Pharmaceutical Inc. (C.W., A.L., J.S., T.K., A.S., H.M., E.K.), Novato, CA; and University of California Irvine (T.M.), Orange. H.L. is currently affiliated with the Department of Neuropediatrics and Muscle Disorders, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Germany
| | - Catherine Woods
- From the Institute of Genetic Medicine (H.L., O.P.), Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute (H.L.), University of Ottawa; Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine (H.L.), The Ottawa Hospital, Canada; APHP (A.B.), Centre de Référence de Pathologie Neuromusculaire, Institut de Myologie, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Hadassah Clinical Research Center (Y.C.), Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel; Department of Neurology, Division of Neurogenetics (H.L.), NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS (M.M.), Catholic University, Rome, Italy; Expert Center of Genetic Neurologic and Metabolic Disorders (I.T.), University Hospital Aleksandrovska, Sofia; Department of Neurology (I.T.), Medical University Sofia; Department of Cognitive Science and Psychology (I.T.), New Bulgarian University, Sofia, Bulgaria; Department of Pediatrics, Neuromuscular and Neurometabolic Clinic (M.T.), McMaster University Medical Center, Hamilton, Canada; Ultragenyx Pharmaceutical Inc. (C.W., A.L., J.S., T.K., A.S., H.M., E.K.), Novato, CA; and University of California Irvine (T.M.), Orange. H.L. is currently affiliated with the Department of Neuropediatrics and Muscle Disorders, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Germany
| | - Alexander Lai
- From the Institute of Genetic Medicine (H.L., O.P.), Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute (H.L.), University of Ottawa; Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine (H.L.), The Ottawa Hospital, Canada; APHP (A.B.), Centre de Référence de Pathologie Neuromusculaire, Institut de Myologie, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Hadassah Clinical Research Center (Y.C.), Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel; Department of Neurology, Division of Neurogenetics (H.L.), NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS (M.M.), Catholic University, Rome, Italy; Expert Center of Genetic Neurologic and Metabolic Disorders (I.T.), University Hospital Aleksandrovska, Sofia; Department of Neurology (I.T.), Medical University Sofia; Department of Cognitive Science and Psychology (I.T.), New Bulgarian University, Sofia, Bulgaria; Department of Pediatrics, Neuromuscular and Neurometabolic Clinic (M.T.), McMaster University Medical Center, Hamilton, Canada; Ultragenyx Pharmaceutical Inc. (C.W., A.L., J.S., T.K., A.S., H.M., E.K.), Novato, CA; and University of California Irvine (T.M.), Orange. H.L. is currently affiliated with the Department of Neuropediatrics and Muscle Disorders, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Germany
| | - Jinay Shah
- From the Institute of Genetic Medicine (H.L., O.P.), Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute (H.L.), University of Ottawa; Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine (H.L.), The Ottawa Hospital, Canada; APHP (A.B.), Centre de Référence de Pathologie Neuromusculaire, Institut de Myologie, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Hadassah Clinical Research Center (Y.C.), Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel; Department of Neurology, Division of Neurogenetics (H.L.), NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS (M.M.), Catholic University, Rome, Italy; Expert Center of Genetic Neurologic and Metabolic Disorders (I.T.), University Hospital Aleksandrovska, Sofia; Department of Neurology (I.T.), Medical University Sofia; Department of Cognitive Science and Psychology (I.T.), New Bulgarian University, Sofia, Bulgaria; Department of Pediatrics, Neuromuscular and Neurometabolic Clinic (M.T.), McMaster University Medical Center, Hamilton, Canada; Ultragenyx Pharmaceutical Inc. (C.W., A.L., J.S., T.K., A.S., H.M., E.K.), Novato, CA; and University of California Irvine (T.M.), Orange. H.L. is currently affiliated with the Department of Neuropediatrics and Muscle Disorders, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Germany
| | - Tony Koutsoukos
- From the Institute of Genetic Medicine (H.L., O.P.), Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute (H.L.), University of Ottawa; Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine (H.L.), The Ottawa Hospital, Canada; APHP (A.B.), Centre de Référence de Pathologie Neuromusculaire, Institut de Myologie, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Hadassah Clinical Research Center (Y.C.), Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel; Department of Neurology, Division of Neurogenetics (H.L.), NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS (M.M.), Catholic University, Rome, Italy; Expert Center of Genetic Neurologic and Metabolic Disorders (I.T.), University Hospital Aleksandrovska, Sofia; Department of Neurology (I.T.), Medical University Sofia; Department of Cognitive Science and Psychology (I.T.), New Bulgarian University, Sofia, Bulgaria; Department of Pediatrics, Neuromuscular and Neurometabolic Clinic (M.T.), McMaster University Medical Center, Hamilton, Canada; Ultragenyx Pharmaceutical Inc. (C.W., A.L., J.S., T.K., A.S., H.M., E.K.), Novato, CA; and University of California Irvine (T.M.), Orange. H.L. is currently affiliated with the Department of Neuropediatrics and Muscle Disorders, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Germany
| | - Alison Skrinar
- From the Institute of Genetic Medicine (H.L., O.P.), Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute (H.L.), University of Ottawa; Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine (H.L.), The Ottawa Hospital, Canada; APHP (A.B.), Centre de Référence de Pathologie Neuromusculaire, Institut de Myologie, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Hadassah Clinical Research Center (Y.C.), Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel; Department of Neurology, Division of Neurogenetics (H.L.), NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS (M.M.), Catholic University, Rome, Italy; Expert Center of Genetic Neurologic and Metabolic Disorders (I.T.), University Hospital Aleksandrovska, Sofia; Department of Neurology (I.T.), Medical University Sofia; Department of Cognitive Science and Psychology (I.T.), New Bulgarian University, Sofia, Bulgaria; Department of Pediatrics, Neuromuscular and Neurometabolic Clinic (M.T.), McMaster University Medical Center, Hamilton, Canada; Ultragenyx Pharmaceutical Inc. (C.W., A.L., J.S., T.K., A.S., H.M., E.K.), Novato, CA; and University of California Irvine (T.M.), Orange. H.L. is currently affiliated with the Department of Neuropediatrics and Muscle Disorders, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Germany
| | - Hank Mansbach
- From the Institute of Genetic Medicine (H.L., O.P.), Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute (H.L.), University of Ottawa; Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine (H.L.), The Ottawa Hospital, Canada; APHP (A.B.), Centre de Référence de Pathologie Neuromusculaire, Institut de Myologie, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Hadassah Clinical Research Center (Y.C.), Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel; Department of Neurology, Division of Neurogenetics (H.L.), NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS (M.M.), Catholic University, Rome, Italy; Expert Center of Genetic Neurologic and Metabolic Disorders (I.T.), University Hospital Aleksandrovska, Sofia; Department of Neurology (I.T.), Medical University Sofia; Department of Cognitive Science and Psychology (I.T.), New Bulgarian University, Sofia, Bulgaria; Department of Pediatrics, Neuromuscular and Neurometabolic Clinic (M.T.), McMaster University Medical Center, Hamilton, Canada; Ultragenyx Pharmaceutical Inc. (C.W., A.L., J.S., T.K., A.S., H.M., E.K.), Novato, CA; and University of California Irvine (T.M.), Orange. H.L. is currently affiliated with the Department of Neuropediatrics and Muscle Disorders, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Germany
| | - Emil Kakkis
- From the Institute of Genetic Medicine (H.L., O.P.), Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute (H.L.), University of Ottawa; Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine (H.L.), The Ottawa Hospital, Canada; APHP (A.B.), Centre de Référence de Pathologie Neuromusculaire, Institut de Myologie, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Hadassah Clinical Research Center (Y.C.), Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel; Department of Neurology, Division of Neurogenetics (H.L.), NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS (M.M.), Catholic University, Rome, Italy; Expert Center of Genetic Neurologic and Metabolic Disorders (I.T.), University Hospital Aleksandrovska, Sofia; Department of Neurology (I.T.), Medical University Sofia; Department of Cognitive Science and Psychology (I.T.), New Bulgarian University, Sofia, Bulgaria; Department of Pediatrics, Neuromuscular and Neurometabolic Clinic (M.T.), McMaster University Medical Center, Hamilton, Canada; Ultragenyx Pharmaceutical Inc. (C.W., A.L., J.S., T.K., A.S., H.M., E.K.), Novato, CA; and University of California Irvine (T.M.), Orange. H.L. is currently affiliated with the Department of Neuropediatrics and Muscle Disorders, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Germany
| | - Tahseen Mozaffar
- From the Institute of Genetic Medicine (H.L., O.P.), Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute (H.L.), University of Ottawa; Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine (H.L.), The Ottawa Hospital, Canada; APHP (A.B.), Centre de Référence de Pathologie Neuromusculaire, Institut de Myologie, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Hadassah Clinical Research Center (Y.C.), Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel; Department of Neurology, Division of Neurogenetics (H.L.), NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS (M.M.), Catholic University, Rome, Italy; Expert Center of Genetic Neurologic and Metabolic Disorders (I.T.), University Hospital Aleksandrovska, Sofia; Department of Neurology (I.T.), Medical University Sofia; Department of Cognitive Science and Psychology (I.T.), New Bulgarian University, Sofia, Bulgaria; Department of Pediatrics, Neuromuscular and Neurometabolic Clinic (M.T.), McMaster University Medical Center, Hamilton, Canada; Ultragenyx Pharmaceutical Inc. (C.W., A.L., J.S., T.K., A.S., H.M., E.K.), Novato, CA; and University of California Irvine (T.M.), Orange. H.L. is currently affiliated with the Department of Neuropediatrics and Muscle Disorders, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Germany
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17
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Zimmermann M, Ehret J, Kolmar H, Zimmer A. Impact of Acetylated and Non-Acetylated Fucose Analogues on IgG Glycosylation. Antibodies (Basel) 2019; 8:antib8010009. [PMID: 31544815 PMCID: PMC6640710 DOI: 10.3390/antib8010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The biological activity of therapeutic antibodies is highly influenced by their glycosylation profile. A valuable method for increasing the cytotoxic efficacy of antibodies, which are used, for example, in cancer treatment, is the reduction of core fucosylation, as this enhances the elimination of target cells through antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Development of fucose analogues is currently the most promising strategy to reduce core fucosylation without cell line engineering. Since peracetylated sugars display enhanced cell permeability over the highly polar free hydroxy sugars, this work sought to compare the efficacy of peracetylated sugars to their unprotected forms. Two potent fucose analogues, 2-deoxy-2-fluorofucose and 5-alkynylfucose, and their acetylated forms were compared for their effects on fucosylation. 5-alkynylfucose proved to be more potent than 2-deoxy-2-fluorofucose at reducing core fucosylation but was associated with a significant higher incorporation of the alkynylated fucose analogue. Acetylation of the sugar yielded only slightly lower fucosylation levels suggesting that acetylation has a minor impact on cellular entry. Even though the efficacy of all tested components was confirmed, results presented in this study also show a significant incorporation of unnatural fucose analogues into the glycosylation pattern of the produced IgG, with unknown effect on safety and potency of the monoclonal antibody.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Zimmermann
- Merck Life Sciences, Upstream R&D, Frankfurter Strasse 250, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany.
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 4, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany.
| | - Janike Ehret
- Merck Life Sciences, Upstream R&D, Frankfurter Strasse 250, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany.
| | - Harald Kolmar
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 4, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany.
| | - Aline Zimmer
- Merck Life Sciences, Upstream R&D, Frankfurter Strasse 250, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany.
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18
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Milcheva R, Janega P, Celec P, Petkova S, Hurniková Z, Izrael-Vlková B, Todorova K, Babál P. Accumulation of α-2,6-sialyoglycoproteins in the Muscle Sarcoplasm Due to Trichinella Sp. Invasion. Open Life Sci 2019; 14:470-481. [PMID: 33817183 PMCID: PMC7874827 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2019-0053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The sialylation of the glycoproteins in skeletal muscle tissue is not well investigated, even though the essential role of the sialic acids for the proper muscular function has been proven by many researchers. The invasion of the parasitic nematode Trichinella spiralis in the muscles with subsequent formation of Nurse cell-parasite complex initiates increased accumulation of sialylated glycoproteins within the affected area of the muscle fiber. The aim of this study is to describe some details of the α-2,6-sialylation in invaded muscle cells. Asynchronous invasion with infectious T. spiralis larvae was experimentally induced in mice. The areas of the occupied sarcoplasm were reactive towards α-2,6-sialic acid specific Sambucus nigra agglutinin during the whole process of transformation to a Nurse cell.The cytoplasm of the developing Nurse cell reacted with Helix pomatia agglutinin, Arachis hypogea agglutinin and Vicia villosa lectin-B4 after neuraminidase pretreatment.Up-regulation of the enzyme ST6GalNAc1 and down-regulation of the enzyme ST6GalNAc3 were detected throughout the course of this study. The results from our study assumed accumulation of sialyl-Tn-Ag, 6`-sialyl lactosamine, SiA-α-2,6-Gal-β-1,3-GalNAc-α-Ser/Thr and Gal-β-1,3-GalNAc(SiA-α-2,6-)-α-1-Ser/Thr oligosaccharide structures into the occupied sarcoplasm. Further investigations in this domain will develop the understanding about the amazing adaptive capabilities of skeletal muscle tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rositsa Milcheva
- Department of Pathology, IEMPAM, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, ‘’Acad. G. Bonchev’’ Str. 25, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria
- Institute of Experimental Morphology, Pathology and Anthropology with Museum (IEMPAM), Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, “Acad. G. Bonchev” Str. 25, 1113Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Pavol Janega
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Sasinkova 4, 81372Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Peter Celec
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Sasinkova 4, 81372Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Svetlozara Petkova
- Institute of Experimental Morphology, Pathology and Anthropology with Museum (IEMPAM), Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, “Acad. G. Bonchev” Str. 25, 1113Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Zuzana Hurniková
- Institute of Parasitology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Hlinkova 3, 040 01Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Barbora Izrael-Vlková
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Sasinkova 4, 81372Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Katerina Todorova
- Institute of Experimental Morphology, Pathology and Anthropology with Museum (IEMPAM), Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, “Acad. G. Bonchev” Str. 25, 1113Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Pavel Babál
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Sasinkova 4, 81372Bratislava, Slovakia
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19
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Abstract
Sialic acids are cytoprotectors, mainly localized on the surface of cell membranes with multiple and outstanding cell biological functions. The history of their structural analysis, occurrence, and functions is fascinating and described in this review. Reports from different researchers on apparently similar substances from a variety of biological materials led to the identification of a 9-carbon monosaccharide, which in 1957 was designated "sialic acid." The most frequently occurring member of the sialic acid family is N-acetylneuraminic acid, followed by N-glycolylneuraminic acid and O-acetylated derivatives, and up to now over about 80 neuraminic acid derivatives have been described. They appeared first in the animal kingdom, ranging from echinoderms up to higher animals, in many microorganisms, and are also expressed in insects, but are absent in higher plants. Sialic acids are masks and ligands and play as such dual roles in biology. Their involvement in immunology and tumor biology, as well as in hereditary diseases, cannot be underestimated. N-Glycolylneuraminic acid is very special, as this sugar cannot be expressed by humans, but is a xenoantigen with pathogenetic potential. Sialidases (neuraminidases), which liberate sialic acids from cellular compounds, had been known from very early on from studies with influenza viruses. Sialyltransferases, which are responsible for the sialylation of glycans and elongation of polysialic acids, are studied because of their significance in development and, for instance, in cancer. As more information about the functions in health and disease is acquired, the use of sialic acids in the treatment of diseases is also envisaged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Schauer
- Biochemisches Institut, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany.
| | - Johannis P Kamerling
- Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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20
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Carrillo N, Malicdan MC, Huizing M. GNE Myopathy: Etiology, Diagnosis, and Therapeutic Challenges. Neurotherapeutics 2018; 15:900-914. [PMID: 30338442 PMCID: PMC6277305 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-018-0671-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
GNE myopathy, previously known as hereditary inclusion body myopathy (HIBM), or Nonaka myopathy, is a rare autosomal recessive muscle disease characterized by progressive skeletal muscle atrophy. It has an estimated prevalence of 1 to 9:1,000,000. GNE myopathy is caused by mutations in the GNE gene which encodes the rate-limiting enzyme of sialic acid biosynthesis. The pathophysiology of the disease is not entirely understood, but hyposialylation of muscle glycans is thought to play an essential role. The typical presentation is bilateral foot drop caused by weakness of the anterior tibialis muscles with onset in early adulthood. The disease slowly progresses over the next decades to involve skeletal muscles throughout the body, with relative sparing of the quadriceps until late stages of the disease. The diagnosis of GNE myopathy should be considered in young adults presenting with bilateral foot drop. Histopathologic findings on muscle biopsies include fiber size variation, atrophic fibers, lack of inflammation, and the characteristic "rimmed" vacuoles on modified Gomori trichome staining. The diagnosis is confirmed by the presence of pathogenic (mostly missense) mutations in both alleles of the GNE gene. Although there is no approved therapy for this disease, preclinical and clinical studies of several potential therapies are underway, including substrate replacement and gene therapy-based strategies. However, developing therapies for GNE myopathy is complicated by several factors, including the rare incidence of disease, limited preclinical models, lack of reliable biomarkers, and slow disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Carrillo
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - May C Malicdan
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Marjan Huizing
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
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21
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Pogoryelova O, González Coraspe JA, Nikolenko N, Lochmüller H, Roos A. GNE myopathy: from clinics and genetics to pathology and research strategies. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2018; 13:70. [PMID: 29720219 PMCID: PMC5930817 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-018-0802-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
GNE myopathy is an ultra-rare autosomal recessive disease, which starts as a distal muscle weakness and ultimately leads to a wheelchair bound state. Molecular research and animal modelling significantly moved forward understanding of GNE myopathy mechanisms and suggested therapeutic interventions to alleviate the symptoms. Multiple therapeutic attempts are being made to supplement sialic acid depleted in GNE myopathy muscle cells. Translational research field provided valuable knowledge through natural history studies, patient registries and clinical trial, which significantly contributed to bringing forward an era of GNE myopathy treatment. In this review, we are summarising current GNE myopathy, scientific trends and open questions, which would be of significant interest for a wide neuromuscular diseases community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oksana Pogoryelova
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, International Centre for Life, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | | | - Nikoletta Nikolenko
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, International Centre for Life, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Hanns Lochmüller
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, International Centre for Life, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.,Present Address: Department of Neuropediatrics and Muscle Disorders, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Centro Nacional de Análisis Genómico, Center for Genomic Regulation (CNAG-CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Andreas Roos
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften - ISAS - e.V, Biomedical Research Department, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6b, 44227, Dortmund, Germany.
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22
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Brasil S, Pascoal C, Francisco R, Marques-da-Silva D, Andreotti G, Videira PA, Morava E, Jaeken J, Dos Reis Ferreira V. CDG Therapies: From Bench to Bedside. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19051304. [PMID: 29702557 PMCID: PMC5983582 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19051304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 04/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) are a group of genetic disorders that affect protein and lipid glycosylation and glycosylphosphatidylinositol synthesis. More than 100 different disorders have been reported and the number is rapidly increasing. Since glycosylation is an essential post-translational process, patients present a large range of symptoms and variable phenotypes, from very mild to extremely severe. Only for few CDG, potentially curative therapies are being used, including dietary supplementation (e.g., galactose for PGM1-CDG, fucose for SLC35C1-CDG, Mn2+ for TMEM165-CDG or mannose for MPI-CDG) and organ transplantation (e.g., liver for MPI-CDG and heart for DOLK-CDG). However, for the majority of patients, only symptomatic and preventive treatments are in use. This constitutes a burden for patients, care-givers and ultimately the healthcare system. Innovative diagnostic approaches, in vitro and in vivo models and novel biomarkers have been developed that can lead to novel therapeutic avenues aiming to ameliorate the patients’ symptoms and lives. This review summarizes the advances in therapeutic approaches for CDG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Brasil
- Portuguese Association for Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation (CDG), Departamento Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2820-287 Lisboa, Portugal.
- Professionals and Patient Associations International Network (CDG & Allies-PPAIN), Departamento Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2820-287 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Carlota Pascoal
- Portuguese Association for Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation (CDG), Departamento Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2820-287 Lisboa, Portugal.
- Professionals and Patient Associations International Network (CDG & Allies-PPAIN), Departamento Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2820-287 Lisboa, Portugal.
- Research Unit on Applied Molecular Biosciences (UCIBIO), Departamento Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Rita Francisco
- Portuguese Association for Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation (CDG), Departamento Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2820-287 Lisboa, Portugal.
- Professionals and Patient Associations International Network (CDG & Allies-PPAIN), Departamento Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2820-287 Lisboa, Portugal.
- Research Unit on Applied Molecular Biosciences (UCIBIO), Departamento Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Dorinda Marques-da-Silva
- Portuguese Association for Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation (CDG), Departamento Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2820-287 Lisboa, Portugal.
- Professionals and Patient Associations International Network (CDG & Allies-PPAIN), Departamento Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2820-287 Lisboa, Portugal.
- Research Unit on Applied Molecular Biosciences (UCIBIO), Departamento Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Giuseppina Andreotti
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy.
| | - Paula A Videira
- Portuguese Association for Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation (CDG), Departamento Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2820-287 Lisboa, Portugal.
- Professionals and Patient Associations International Network (CDG & Allies-PPAIN), Departamento Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2820-287 Lisboa, Portugal.
- Research Unit on Applied Molecular Biosciences (UCIBIO), Departamento Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Eva Morava
- Professionals and Patient Associations International Network (CDG & Allies-PPAIN), Departamento Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2820-287 Lisboa, Portugal.
- Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| | - Jaak Jaeken
- Professionals and Patient Associations International Network (CDG & Allies-PPAIN), Departamento Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2820-287 Lisboa, Portugal.
- Center for Metabolic Diseases, Universitaire Ziekenhuizen (UZ) and Katholieke Universiteit (KU) Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Vanessa Dos Reis Ferreira
- Portuguese Association for Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation (CDG), Departamento Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2820-287 Lisboa, Portugal.
- Professionals and Patient Associations International Network (CDG & Allies-PPAIN), Departamento Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2820-287 Lisboa, Portugal.
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Saeui CT, Liu L, Urias E, Morrissette-McAlmon J, Bhattacharya R, Yarema KJ. Pharmacological, Physiochemical, and Drug-Relevant Biological Properties of Short Chain Fatty Acid Hexosamine Analogues Used in Metabolic Glycoengineering. Mol Pharm 2018; 15:705-720. [PMID: 28853901 PMCID: PMC6292510 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.7b00525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we catalog structure activity relationships (SAR) of several short chain fatty acid (SCFA)-modified hexosamine analogues used in metabolic glycoengineering (MGE) by comparing in silico and experimental measurements of physiochemical properties important in drug design. We then describe the impact of these compounds on selected biological parameters that influence the pharmacological properties and safety of drug candidates by monitoring P-glycoprotein (Pgp) efflux, inhibition of cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4), hERG channel inhibition, and cardiomyocyte cytotoxicity. These parameters are influenced by length of the SCFAs (e.g., acetate vs n-butyrate), which are added to MGE analogues to increase the efficiency of cellular uptake, the regioisomeric arrangement of the SCFAs on the core sugar, the structure of the core sugar itself, and by the type of N-acyl modification (e.g., N-acetyl vs N-azido). By cataloging the influence of these SAR on pharmacological properties of MGE analogues, this study outlines design considerations for tuning the pharmacological, physiochemical, and the toxicological parameters of this emerging class of small molecule drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher T. Saeui
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Translational Tissue Engineering Center, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Lingshu Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Translational Tissue Engineering Center, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Esteban Urias
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Translational Tissue Engineering Center, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Justin Morrissette-McAlmon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Translational Tissue Engineering Center, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Rahul Bhattacharya
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Translational Tissue Engineering Center, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kevin J. Yarema
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Translational Tissue Engineering Center, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Bosch-Morató M, Iriondo C, Guivernau B, Valls-Comamala V, Vidal N, Olivé M, Querfurth H, Muñoz FJ. Increased amyloid β-peptide uptake in skeletal muscle is induced by hyposialylation and may account for apoptosis in GNE myopathy. Oncotarget 2017; 7:13354-71. [PMID: 26968811 PMCID: PMC4924647 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
GNE myopathy is an autosomal recessive muscular disorder of young adults characterized by progressive skeletal muscle weakness and wasting. It is caused by a mutation in the UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 2-epimerase/N-acetylmannosamine kinase (GNE) gene, which encodes a key enzyme in sialic acid biosynthesis. The mutated hypofunctional GNE is associated with intracellular accumulation of amyloid β-peptide (Aβ) in patient muscles through as yet unknown mechanisms. We found here for the first time that an experimental reduction in sialic acid favors Aβ1-42 endocytosis in C2C12 myotubes, which is dependent on clathrin and heparan sulfate proteoglycan. Accordingly, Aβ1-42 internalization in myoblasts from a GNE myopathy patient was enhanced. Next, we investigated signal changes triggered by Aβ1-42 that may underlie toxicity. We observed that p-Akt levels are reduced in step with an increase in apoptotic markers in GNE myopathy myoblasts compared to control myoblasts. The same results were experimentally obtained when Aβ1-42 was overexpressed in myotubes. Hence, we propose a novel disease mechanism whereby hyposialylation favors Aβ1-42 internalization and the subsequent apoptosis in myotubes and in skeletal muscle from GNE myopathy patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mònica Bosch-Morató
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cinta Iriondo
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Biuse Guivernau
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Victòria Valls-Comamala
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Noemí Vidal
- Institut de Neuropatologia, Servei Anatomia Patològica, Hospital de Bellvitge, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montse Olivé
- Institut de Neuropatologia, Servei Anatomia Patològica, Hospital de Bellvitge, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Henry Querfurth
- Department of Neurology, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Francisco J Muñoz
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
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25
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Substantial deficiency of free sialic acid in muscles of patients with GNE myopathy and in a mouse model. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0173261. [PMID: 28267778 PMCID: PMC5340369 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
GNE myopathy (GNEM), also known as hereditary inclusion body myopathy (HIBM), is a late- onset, progressive myopathy caused by mutations in the GNE gene encoding the enzyme responsible for the first regulated step in the biosynthesis of sialic acid (SA). The disease is characterized by distal muscle weakness in both the lower and upper extremities, with the quadriceps muscle relatively spared until the late stages of disease. To explore the role of SA synthesis in the disease, we conducted a comprehensive and systematic analysis of both free and total SA levels in a large cohort of GNEM patients and a mouse model. A sensitive LC/MS/MS assay was developed to quantify SA in serum and muscle homogenates. Mean serum free SA level was 0.166 μg/mL in patients and 18% lower (p<0.001) than that of age-matched control samples (0.203 μg/mL). In biopsies obtained from patients, mean free SA levels of different muscles ranged from 0.046–0.075 μg/μmol Cr and were markedly lower by 72–85% (p<0.001) than free SA from normal controls. Free SA was shown to constitute a small fraction (3–7%) of the total SA pool in muscle tissue. Differences in mean total SA levels in muscle from patients compared with normal controls were less distinct and more variable between different muscles, suggesting a small subset of sialylation targets could be responsible for the pathogenesis of GNEM. Normal quadriceps had significantly lower levels of free SA (reduced by 39%) and total SA (reduced by 53%) compared to normal gastrocnemius. A lower SA requirement for quadriceps may be linked to the reported quadriceps sparing in GNEM. Analysis of SA levels in GneM743T/M743T mutant mice corroborated the human study results. These results show that serum and muscle free SA is severely reduced in GNEM, which is consistent with the biochemical defect in SA synthesis associated with GNE mutations. These results therefore support the approach of reversing SA depletion as a potential treatment for GNEM patients.
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26
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Röhrig CH, Choi SSH, Baldwin N. The nutritional role of free sialic acid, a human milk monosaccharide, and its application as a functional food ingredient. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2016; 57:1017-1038. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2015.1040113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sharon S. H. Choi
- Intertek Scientific & Regulatory Consultancy, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nigel Baldwin
- Intertek Scientific & Regulatory Consultancy, Hampshire, United Kingdom
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27
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Willems AP, van Engelen BGM, Lefeber DJ. Genetic defects in the hexosamine and sialic acid biosynthesis pathway. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2015; 1860:1640-54. [PMID: 26721333 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2015.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Revised: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Congenital disorders of glycosylation are caused by defects in the glycosylation of proteins and lipids. Classically, gene defects with multisystem disease have been identified in the ubiquitously expressed glycosyltransferases required for protein N-glycosylation. An increasing number of defects are being described in sugar supply pathways for protein glycosylation with tissue-restricted clinical symptoms. SCOPE OF REVIEW In this review, we address the hexosamine and sialic acid biosynthesis pathways in sugar metabolism. GFPT1, PGM3 and GNE are essential for synthesis of nucleotide sugars uridine diphosphate N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc) and cytidine-5'-monophospho-N-acetylneuraminic acid (CMP-sialic acid) as precursors for various glycosylation pathways. Defects in these enzymes result in contrasting clinical phenotypes of congenital myasthenia, immunodeficiency or adult-onset myopathy, respectively. We therefore discuss the biochemical mechanisms of known genetic defects in the hexosamine and CMP-sialic acid synthesis pathway in relation to the clinical phenotypes. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Both UDP-GlcNAc and CMP-sialic acid are important precursors for diverse protein glycosylation reactions and for conversion into other nucleotide-sugars. Defects in the synthesis of these nucleotide sugars might affect a wide range of protein glycosylation reactions. Involvement of multiple glycosylation pathways might contribute to disease phenotype, but the currently available biochemical information on sugar metabolism is insufficient to understand why defects in these pathways present with tissue-specific phenotypes. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Future research on the interplay between sugar metabolism and different glycosylation pathways in a tissue- and cell-specific manner will contribute to elucidation of disease mechanisms and will create new opportunities for therapeutic intervention. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Glycans in personalised medicine" Guest Editor: Professor Gordan Lauc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anke P Willems
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Centre, Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Translational Metabolic Laboratory, Radboudumc Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Baziel G M van Engelen
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Centre, Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk J Lefeber
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Centre, Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Translational Metabolic Laboratory, Radboudumc Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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28
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Muscle biopsy and UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 2-epimerase/N-acetylmannosamine kinase gene mutation analysis in two Chinese patients with distal myopathy with rimmed vacuoles. Neuroreport 2015; 26:598-601. [PMID: 26053703 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000000396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Distal myopathy with rimmed vacuoles is an autosomal recessive genetic disease characterized by weakness of the anterior compartment of the lower limbs, sparing the quadriceps muscle, and rimmed vacuoles in muscle biopsies. The disease is caused by a mutation in the UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 2-epimerase/N-acetylmannosamine kinase (GNE) gene located on chromosome 9p13.3. We present two cases of Chinese patients with progressive lower extremity weakness. Clinical presentation, laboratory evaluation, electrodiagnostic testing, muscle pathology, and genetic analysis are described. Patient 1 was found to have heterozygous missense mutations (p.C13S and p.G576R) in the GNE gene and patient 2 had a homozygous missense mutation (p.C13S). The mutation p.C13S has been reported previously in China, Japan, and South Korea; however, the mutation p.G576R has not been described previously.
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29
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Abstract
GNE myopathy is an autosomal recessive muscle disease caused by biallelic mutations in GNE, a gene encoding for a single protein with key enzymatic activities, UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 2-epimerase and N-acetylmannosamine kinase, in sialic acid biosynthetic pathway. The diagnosis should be considered primarily in patients presenting with distal weakness (foot drop) in early adulthood (other onset symptoms are possible too). The disease slowly progresses to involve other lower and upper extremities' muscles, with marked sparing of the quadriceps. Characteristic findings on biopsies of affected muscles include 'rimmed' (autophagic) vacuoles, aggregation of various proteins and fibre size variation. The diagnosis is confirmed by sequencing of the GNE gene. Note that we use a new mutation nomenclature based on the longest transcript (GenBank: NM_001128227), which encodes a 31-amino acid longer protein than the originally described one (GenBank: NM_005476), which has been used previously in most papers. Based upon the pathophysiology of the disease, recent clinical trials as well as early gene therapy trials have evaluated the use of sialic acid or N-acetylmannosamine (a precursor of sialic acid) in patients with GNE myopathy. Now that therapies are under investigation, it is critical that a timely and accurate diagnosis is made in patients with GNE myopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ichizo Nishino
- Department of Neuromuscular Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nuria Carrillo-Carrasco
- Therapeutics for Rare and Neglected Diseases, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Zohar Argov
- Department of Neurology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
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30
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Mathew MP, Tan E, Saeui CT, Bovonratwet P, Liu L, Bhattacharya R, Yarema KJ. Metabolic glycoengineering sensitizes drug-resistant pancreatic cancer cells to tyrosine kinase inhibitors erlotinib and gefitinib. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:1223-7. [PMID: 25690786 PMCID: PMC5753412 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.01.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Revised: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Metastatic human pancreatic cancer cells (the SW1990 line) that are resistant to the EGFR-targeting tyrosine kinase inhibitor drugs (TKI) erlotinib and gefitinib were treated with 1,3,4-O-Bu3ManNAc, a 'metabolic glycoengineering' drug candidate that increased sialylation by ∼2-fold. Consistent with genetic methods previously used to increase EGFR sialylation, this small molecule reduced EGF binding, EGFR transphosphorylation, and downstream STAT activation. Significantly, co-treatment with both the sugar pharmacophore and the existing TKI drugs resulted in strong synergy, in essence re-sensitizing the SW1990 cells to these drugs. Finally, 1,3,4-O-Bu3ManNAz, which is the azido-modified counterpart to 1,3,4-O-Bu3ManNAc, provided a similar benefit thereby establishing a broad-based foundation to extend a 'metabolic glycoengineering' approach to clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohit P Mathew
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Translational Tissue Engineering Center, The Johns Hopkins University, 5029 Robert H. & Clarice Smith Building, 400 North Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Elaine Tan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Translational Tissue Engineering Center, The Johns Hopkins University, 5029 Robert H. & Clarice Smith Building, 400 North Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Christopher T Saeui
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Translational Tissue Engineering Center, The Johns Hopkins University, 5029 Robert H. & Clarice Smith Building, 400 North Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Patawut Bovonratwet
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Translational Tissue Engineering Center, The Johns Hopkins University, 5029 Robert H. & Clarice Smith Building, 400 North Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Lingshu Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Translational Tissue Engineering Center, The Johns Hopkins University, 5029 Robert H. & Clarice Smith Building, 400 North Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Rahul Bhattacharya
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Translational Tissue Engineering Center, The Johns Hopkins University, 5029 Robert H. & Clarice Smith Building, 400 North Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Kevin J Yarema
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Translational Tissue Engineering Center, The Johns Hopkins University, 5029 Robert H. & Clarice Smith Building, 400 North Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA.
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31
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Broccolini A, Mirabella M. Hereditary inclusion-body myopathies. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2014; 1852:644-50. [PMID: 25149037 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2014.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Revised: 06/29/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The term hereditary inclusion-body myopathies (HIBMs) defines a group of rare muscle disorders with autosomal recessive or dominant inheritance and presence of muscle fibers with rimmed vacuoles and collection of cytoplasmic or nuclear 15-21 nm diameter tubulofilaments as revealed by muscle biopsy. The most common form of HIBM is due to mutations of the GNE gene that codes for a rate-limiting enzyme in the sialic acid biosynthetic pathway. This results in abnormal sialylation of glycoproteins that possibly leads to muscle fiber degeneration. Mutations of the valosin containing protein are instead responsible for hereditary inclusion-body myopathy with Paget's disease of the bone and frontotemporal dementia (IBMPFD), with these three phenotypic features having a variable penetrance. IBMPFD probably represents a disorder of abnormal cellular trafficking of proteins and maturation of the autophagosome. HIBM with congenital joint contractures and external ophthalmoplegia is due to mutations of the Myosin Heavy Chain IIa gene that exerts a pathogenic effect through interference with filament assembly or functional defects in ATPase activity. This review illustrates the clinical and pathologic characteristics of HIBMs and the main clues available to date concerning the possible pathogenic mechanisms and therapeutic perspectives of these disorders. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Neuromuscular Diseases: Pathology and Molecular Pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldobrando Broccolini
- Institute of Neurology, Department of Geriatrics, Neurosciences and Orthopedics, Catholic University School of Medicine, L.go A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy.
| | - Massimiliano Mirabella
- Institute of Neurology, Department of Geriatrics, Neurosciences and Orthopedics, Catholic University School of Medicine, L.go A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy.
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32
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Yonekawa T, Malicdan MCV, Cho A, Hayashi YK, Nonaka I, Mine T, Yamamoto T, Nishino I, Noguchi S. Sialyllactose ameliorates myopathic phenotypes in symptomatic GNE myopathy model mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 137:2670-9. [PMID: 25062695 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awu210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Patients with GNE myopathy, a progressive and debilitating disease caused by a genetic defect in sialic acid biosynthesis, rely on supportive care and eventually become wheelchair-bound. To elucidate whether GNE myopathy is treatable at a progressive stage of the disease, we examined the efficacy of sialic acid supplementation on symptomatic old GNE myopathy mice that have ongoing, active muscle degeneration. We examined the therapeutic effect of a less metabolized sialic acid compound (6'-sialyllactose) or free sialic acid (N-acetylneuraminic acid) by oral, continuous administration to 50-week-old GNE myopathy mice for 30 weeks. To evaluate effects on their motor performance in living mice, spontaneous locomotion activity on a running wheel was measured chronologically at 50, 65, 72 and 80 weeks of age. The size, force production, and pathology of isolated gastrocnemius muscle were analysed at the end point. Sialic acid level in skeletal muscle was also measured. Spontaneous locomotion activity was recovered in 6'-sialyllactose-treated mice, while NeuAc-treated mice slowed the disease progression. Treatment with 6'-sialyllactose led to marked restoration of hyposialylation in muscle and consequently to robust improvement in the muscle size, contractile parameters, and pathology as compared to NeuAc. This is due to the fact that 6'-sialyllactose is longer working as it is further metabolized to free sialic acid after initial absorption. 6'-sialyllactose ameliorated muscle atrophy and degeneration in symptomatic GNE myopathy mice. Our results provide evidence that GNE myopathy can be treated even at a progressive stage and 6'-sialyllactose has more remarkable advantage than free sialic acid, providing a conceptual proof for clinical use in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Yonekawa
- 1 Department of Neuromuscular Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Centre of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), Tokyo, Japan 2 Department of Education, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - May Christine V Malicdan
- 3 Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Anna Cho
- 1 Department of Neuromuscular Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Centre of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukiko K Hayashi
- 1 Department of Neuromuscular Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Centre of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), Tokyo, Japan 4 Department of Clinical Development, Translational Medical Centre, NCNP, Tokyo, Japan 5 Department of Neurophysiology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ikuya Nonaka
- 1 Department of Neuromuscular Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Centre of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiki Mine
- 6 Glycotechnology Business Unit, Japan Tabacco Inc, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yamamoto
- 6 Glycotechnology Business Unit, Japan Tabacco Inc, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Ichizo Nishino
- 1 Department of Neuromuscular Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Centre of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), Tokyo, Japan 2 Department of Education, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan 4 Department of Clinical Development, Translational Medical Centre, NCNP, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoru Noguchi
- 1 Department of Neuromuscular Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Centre of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), Tokyo, Japan 4 Department of Clinical Development, Translational Medical Centre, NCNP, Tokyo, Japan
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33
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Expression of sialic acids in human adult skeletal muscle tissue. Acta Histochem 2014; 116:926-35. [PMID: 24703356 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2014.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Revised: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Investigations mostly in animal models have shown a role of sialic acid in the morphology and functionality of skeletal muscle during development and adult life. Several studies in humans have been performed regarding changes in sialic acid expression in a particular pathology, hereditary inclusion body myopathy, leading to muscular weakness and atrophy, with a similar phenomenon appearing also in sarcopenia of aging. In this study the expression of monomeric and polymeric sialic acids was evaluated in human skeletal muscle during adult life. Surgical biopsies of the Quadriceps femoris muscle from men aged 18-25 years (young group; n=8) and men aged 72-78 (elderly group; n=10) were collected for analysis. Expression of sialic acids was evaluated using lectin histochemistry, associated with enzymatic and chemical treatments to characterize monomeric and polymeric sialic acids. The polysialic acid expression was also evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Various types of sialic acid in the muscle tissue, in different amounts in the study groups, were detected. Monomeric sialic acids decreased in the elderly group compared with the young group, whereas polysialic acid increased. Sialic acid acetylation was present only in the young group. These findings demonstrated that changes in the expression of sialic acids in skeletal muscle tissue may be related to morphofunctional modifications occurring during aging.
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34
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Patzel KA, Yardeni T, Poëc-Celic EL, Leoyklang P, Dorward H, Alonzi DS, Kukushkin NV, Xu B, Zhang Y, Sollogoub M, Blériot Y, Gahl WA, Huizing M, Butters TD. Non-specific accumulation of glycosphingolipids in GNE myopathy. J Inherit Metab Dis 2014; 37:297-308. [PMID: 24136589 PMCID: PMC3979983 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-013-9655-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2013] [Revised: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 09/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND UDP-GlcNAc 2-epimerase/ManNAc 6-kinase (GNE) is a bifunctional enzyme responsible for the first committed steps in the synthesis of sialic acid, a common terminal monosaccharide in both protein and lipid glycosylation. GNE mutations are responsible for a rare autosomal recessive neuromuscular disorder, GNE myopathy (also called hereditary inclusion body myopathy). The connection between the impairment of sialic acid synthesis and muscle pathology in GNE myopathy remains poorly understood. METHODS Glycosphingolipid (GSL) analysis was performed by HPLC in multiple models of GNE myopathy, including patients' fibroblasts and plasma, control fibroblasts with inhibited GNE epimerase activity through a novel imino sugar, and tissues of Gne(M712T/M712T) knock-in mice. RESULTS Not only neutral GSLs, but also sialylated GSLs, were significantly increased compared to controls in all tested models of GNE myopathy. Treatment of GNE myopathy fibroblasts with N-acetylmannosamine (ManNAc), a sialic acid precursor downstream of GNE epimerase activity, ameliorated the increased total GSL concentrations. CONCLUSION GNE myopathy models have increased total GSL concentrations. ManNAc supplementation results in decrease of GSL levels, linking abnormal increase of total GSLs in GNE myopathy to defects in the sialic acid biosynthetic pathway. These data advocate for further exploring GSL concentrations as an informative biomarker, not only for GNE myopathy, but also for other disorders of sialic acid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A. Patzel
- Oxford Glycobiology Institute, Department of Biochemistry,
University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QU, United Kingdom
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research
Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD, 20892, USA
| | - Tal Yardeni
- Oxford Glycobiology Institute, Department of Biochemistry,
University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QU, United Kingdom
- Graduate Partner Program, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel
Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Erell Le Poëc-Celic
- Institut National Des Sciences Appliquées de
Toulouse, Toulouse, 31400, France
| | - Petcharat Leoyklang
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research
Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD, 20892, USA
| | - Heidi Dorward
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research
Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD, 20892, USA
| | - Dominic S. Alonzi
- Oxford Glycobiology Institute, Department of Biochemistry,
University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QU, United Kingdom
| | - Nikolay V. Kukushkin
- Oxford Glycobiology Institute, Department of Biochemistry,
University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QU, United Kingdom
| | - Bixue Xu
- UPMC Université Paris 06, Institut Parisien de
Chimie Monléculaire, Paris, 75005, France
| | - Yongmin Zhang
- UPMC Université Paris 06, Institut Parisien de
Chimie Monléculaire, Paris, 75005, France
| | - Matthieu Sollogoub
- UPMC Université Paris 06, Institut Parisien de
Chimie Monléculaire, Paris, 75005, France
| | - Yves Blériot
- UPMC Université Paris 06, Institut Parisien de
Chimie Monléculaire, Paris, 75005, France
- IC2MP, UMR, CNRS 7285, Université de Poitiers,
Poitiers Cedex, 86022, France
| | - William A. Gahl
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research
Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD, 20892, USA
- Office of Rare Diseases Research, Office of the Director,
National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD, 20892, USA
| | - Marjan Huizing
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research
Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD, 20892, USA
- To whom correspondence should be addressed.
. Tel. (++1)
301 4022797. Fax (++1) 301 4807825.
. Tel.
(++44) 1865 275725. Fax. (44) (0) 1865 275216
| | - Terry D. Butters
- Oxford Glycobiology Institute, Department of Biochemistry,
University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QU, United Kingdom
- To whom correspondence should be addressed.
. Tel. (++1)
301 4022797. Fax (++1) 301 4807825.
. Tel.
(++44) 1865 275725. Fax. (44) (0) 1865 275216
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35
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Coburn JM, Wo L, Bernstein N, Bhattacharya R, Aich U, Bingham CO, Yarema KJ, Elisseeff JH. Short-chain fatty acid-modified hexosamine for tissue-engineering osteoarthritic cartilage. Tissue Eng Part A 2013; 19:2035-44. [PMID: 23638885 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2012.0317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation and tissue degeneration play key roles in numerous rheumatic diseases, including osteoarthritis (OA). Efforts to reduce and effectively repair articular cartilage damage in an osteoarthritic environment are limited in their success due to the diseased environment. Treatment strategies focused on both reducing inflammation and increasing tissue production are necessary to effectively treat OA from a tissue-engineering perspective. In this work, we investigated the anti-inflammatory and tissue production capacity of a small molecule 3,4,6-O-tributanoylated-N-acetylglucosamine (3,4,6-O-Bu3GlcNAc) previously shown to inhibit the nuclear factor κB (NFκB) activity, a key transcription factor regulating inflammation. To mimic an inflammatory environment, chondrocytes were stimulated with interleukin-1β (IL-1β), a potent inflammatory cytokine. 3,4,6-O-Bu3GlcNAc exposure decreased the expression of NFκB target genes relevant to OA by IL-1β-stimulated chondrocytes after 24 h of exposure. The capacity of 3,4,6-O-Bu3GlcNAc to stimulate extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation by IL-1β-stimulated chondrocytes was evaluated in vitro utilizing a three-dimensional hydrogel culturing system. After 21 days, 3,4,6-O-Bu3GlcNAc exposure induced quantifiable increases in both sulfated glycosaminoglycan and total collagen. Histological staining for proteoglycans and type II collagen confirmed these findings. The increased ECM accumulation was not due to the hydrolysis products of the small molecule, n-butyrate and N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc), as the isomeric 1,3,4-O-tributanoylated N-acetylglucosamine (1,3,4-O-Bu3GlcNAc) did not elicit a similar response. These findings demonstrate that a novel butanoylated GlcNAc derivative, 3,4,6-O-Bu3GlcNAc, has the potential to stimulate new tissue production and reduce inflammation in IL-1β-induced chondrocytes with utility for OA and other forms of inflammatory arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeannine M Coburn
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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36
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Khademian H, Mehravar E, Urtizberea JA, Sagoo S, Sandoval L, Carbajo R, Darvish B, Valles-Ayoub Y, Darvish D. Prevalence ofGNEp.M712T and hereditary inclusion body myopathy (HIBM) in Sangesar population of Northern Iran. Clin Genet 2013; 84:589-92. [DOI: 10.1111/cge.12086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2012] [Revised: 12/26/2012] [Accepted: 12/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H Khademian
- HIBM Research Group; Reseda CA USA
- Sangesar Charity Organization for HIBM; Sangesar Semnan Iran
| | - E Mehravar
- Sangesar Charity Organization for HIBM; Sangesar Semnan Iran
| | | | - S Sagoo
- HIBM Research Group; Reseda CA USA
| | - L Sandoval
- HIBM Research Group; Reseda CA USA
- Department of Life Sciences; Los Angeles Mission College; Sylmar CA USA
| | - R Carbajo
- HIBM Research Group; Reseda CA USA
- Department of Biology; California State University Northridge; Northridge CA USA
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37
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Rouhanifard SH, Nordstrøm LU, Zheng T, Wu P. Chemical probing of glycans in cells and organisms. Chem Soc Rev 2012; 42:4284-96. [PMID: 23257905 DOI: 10.1039/c2cs35416k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Among the four major building blocks of life, glycans play essential roles in numerous physiological and pathological processes. Due to their non-templated biosynthesis, advances towards elucidating the molecular details of glycan functions are relatively slow compared with the pace of protein and nucleic acid research. Over the past 30 years, chemical tools have emerged as powerful allies to genetics and molecular biology in the study of glycans in their native environment. This tutorial review will provide an overview of the recent technological developments in the field, as well as the progress in the application of these techniques to probe glycans in cells and organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara H Rouhanifard
- Department of Biochemistry, Yeshiva University, 1300 Morris Park Ave, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
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38
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Mathew MP, Tan E, Shah S, Bhattacharya R, Adam Meledeo M, Huang J, Espinoza FA, Yarema KJ. Extracellular and intracellular esterase processing of SCFA-hexosamine analogs: implications for metabolic glycoengineering and drug delivery. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:6929-33. [PMID: 23041156 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2012] [Accepted: 09/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This report provides a synopsis of the esterase processing of short chain fatty acid (SCFA)-derivatized hexosamine analogs used in metabolic glycoengineering by demonstrating that the extracellular hydrolysis of these compounds is comparatively slow (e.g., with a t(1/2) of ∼4 h to several days) in normal cell culture as well as in high serum concentrations intended to mimic in vivo conditions. Structure-activity relationship (SAR) analysis of common sugar analogs revealed that O-acetylated and N-azido ManNAc derivatives were more refractory against extracellular inactivation by FBS than their butanoylated counterparts consistent with in silico docking simulations of Ac(4)ManNAc and Bu(4)ManNAc to human carboxylesterase 1 (hCE1). By contrast, all analogs tested supported increased intracellular sialic acid production within 2h establishing that esterase processing once the analogs are taken up by cells is not rate limiting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohit P Mathew
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Translational Tissue Engineering Center, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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