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You Y, Yin W, Tembrock LR, Wu Z, Gu X, Yang Z, Zhang C, Zhao Y, Yang Z. Transcriptome sequencing of wolf spider Lycosa sp. (Araneae: Lycosidae) venom glands provides insights into the evolution and diversity of disulfide-rich toxins. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. PART D, GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2023; 48:101145. [PMID: 37748227 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2023.101145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Wolf spiders in the genus Lycosa are important pest predators in agroforestry ecosystems, capable of feeding on a wide range of pests through the use of complex venom which can to quickly immobilize and kill prey. Because of these characteristics the toxins in wolf spiders venom may prove to be natural sources for novel drug development and biopesticides. To better understand the toxins in Lycosa venom we sequenced the transcriptome from venom glands from an undescribed species of Lycosa and comparatively analyzed the data using known protein motifs. A series of 19 disulfide-rich peptide (DRP) toxin sequences were identified and categorized into seven groups based on the number and arrangement of cysteine residues. Notably, we identified three peptide sequences with low identity to any known toxin, which may be toxin peptides specific to this species of Lycosa. In addition, to further understand the evolutionary relationships of disulfide-rich peptide toxins in spider venom, we constructed phylogenetic trees of DRP toxins from three spiders species and found that the Lycosa sp. DRPs are comparatively diverse with previous research results. This study reveals the toxin diversity of wolf spiders (Lycosa sp.) at the transcriptomic level and provides initial insights into the evolution of DRP toxins in spiders, enriching our knowledge of toxin diversity and providing new compounds for functional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongming You
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Entomological Biopharmaceutical R & D, Dali University, Dali 671000, China; National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Entomoceutics, Dali University, Dali 671000, China; Innovative Team of Dali University for Medicinal Insects & Arachnids Resources Digital Development, Dali 671000, China.
| | - Wenhao Yin
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Entomological Biopharmaceutical R & D, Dali University, Dali 671000, China; National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Entomoceutics, Dali University, Dali 671000, China; Innovative Team of Dali University for Medicinal Insects & Arachnids Resources Digital Development, Dali 671000, China
| | - Luke R Tembrock
- Department of Agricultural Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Zhiqiang Wu
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Xiaoliang Gu
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Entomological Biopharmaceutical R & D, Dali University, Dali 671000, China; National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Entomoceutics, Dali University, Dali 671000, China; Innovative Team of Dali University for Medicinal Insects & Arachnids Resources Digital Development, Dali 671000, China
| | - Zhibin Yang
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Entomological Biopharmaceutical R & D, Dali University, Dali 671000, China; National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Entomoceutics, Dali University, Dali 671000, China; Innovative Team of Dali University for Medicinal Insects & Arachnids Resources Digital Development, Dali 671000, China
| | - Chenggui Zhang
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Entomological Biopharmaceutical R & D, Dali University, Dali 671000, China; National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Entomoceutics, Dali University, Dali 671000, China; Innovative Team of Dali University for Medicinal Insects & Arachnids Resources Digital Development, Dali 671000, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Entomological Biopharmaceutical R & D, Dali University, Dali 671000, China; National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Entomoceutics, Dali University, Dali 671000, China; Innovative Team of Dali University for Medicinal Insects & Arachnids Resources Digital Development, Dali 671000, China
| | - Zizhong Yang
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Entomological Biopharmaceutical R & D, Dali University, Dali 671000, China; National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Entomoceutics, Dali University, Dali 671000, China; Innovative Team of Dali University for Medicinal Insects & Arachnids Resources Digital Development, Dali 671000, China.
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Bhattacharya N, Kolvekar N, Mondal S, Sarkar A, Chakrabarty D. Biological activities of Vipegrin, an anti-adhesive Kunitz-type serine proteinase inhibitor purified from Russell's viper venom. Toxicon 2023:107213. [PMID: 37419286 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2023.107213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Vipegrin is a 6.8 kDa protein purified from Russell's viper (Vipera russelii russelii) venom. Structural assessment of Vipegrin indicates that it is a Kunitz-type serine proteinase inhibitor. Kunitz-type serine proteinase inhibitors are non-enzymatic proteins and are ubiquitous constituents of viper venoms. Vipegrin could partially (43%) inhibit the catalytic activity of trypsin. It has disintegrin-like properties and could inhibit collagen and ADP-induced platelet aggregation in a dose-dependent manner. Vipegrin is cytotoxic to human breast cancer cells, MCF7 and restricts its invasive property. Confocal microscopic analysis revealed that Vipegrin could induce apoptosis in MCF7 cells. Vipegrin disrupts cell-cell adhesion of human breast cancer MCF7 cells through its disintegrin-like activity. It also causes cell-matrix disruption of MCF7 cells from synthetic (poly L-lysine) and natural (fibronectin, laminin) matrices. Vipegrin did not cause cytotoxicity on non-cancerous HaCaT, human keratinocytes. The observed properties indicate that Vipegrin may help the development of a potent anti-cancer drug in future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nivedita Kolvekar
- Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani K K Birla Goa Campus, India
| | - Sukanta Mondal
- Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani K K Birla Goa Campus, India
| | - Angshuman Sarkar
- Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani K K Birla Goa Campus, India
| | - Dibakar Chakrabarty
- Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani K K Birla Goa Campus, India.
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Pla D, Sanz L, Quesada-Bernat S, Villalta M, Baal J, Chowdhury MAW, León G, Gutiérrez JM, Kuch U, Calvete JJ. Phylovenomics of Daboia russelii across the Indian subcontinent. Bioactivities and comparative in vivo neutralization and in vitro third-generation antivenomics of antivenoms against venoms from India, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka. J Proteomics 2019; 207:103443. [PMID: 31325606 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2019.103443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Russell's viper (Daboia russelii) is, together with Naja naja, Bungarus caeruleus and Echis carinatus, a member of the medically important 'Big Four' species responsible for causing a large number of morbidity and mortality cases across the Indian subcontinent. Despite the wide distribution of Russell's viper and the well-documented ubiquity of the phenomenon of geographic variability of intraspecific snake venom composition, Indian polyvalent antivenoms against the "Big Four" venoms are raised against venoms sourced mainly from Chennai in the southeastern Indian state of Tamil Nadu. Biochemical and venomics investigations have consistently revealed notable compositional, functional, and immunological differences among geographic variants of Russell's viper venoms across the Indian subcontinent. However, these studies, carried out by different laboratories using different protocols and involving venoms from a single geographical region, make the comparison of the different venoms difficult. To bridge this gap, we have conducted bioactivities and proteomic analyses of D. russelii venoms from the three corners of the Indian subcontinent, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Tamil Nandu (India) and Sri Lanka, along with comparative in vivo neutralization and in vitro third-generation antivenomics of antivenoms used in India, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka. These analyses let us to propose two alternative routes of radiation for Russell's viper in the Indian subcontinent. Both radiations, towards the northeast of India and Bangladesh and towards south India and Sri Lanka, have a common origin in Pakistan, and provide a phylovenomics ground for rationalizing the geographic variability in venom composition and their distinct immunoreactivity against available antivenoms. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Russell's viper (Daboia russelii), the Indian cobra (Naja naja), the common krait (Bungarus caeruleus), and the saw-scaled viper (Echis carinatus) constitute the 'Big Four' snake species responsible for most snakebite envenomings and deaths in the Indian subcontinent. Despite the medical relevance of Daboia russelii, and the well documented variations in the clinical manifestations of envenomings by this wide distributed species, which are doubtless functionally related to differences in venom composition of its geographic variants, antivenoms for the clinical treatment of envenomings by D. russelii across the Indian subcontinent are invariably raised using venom sourced mainly from the southeastern Indian state of Tamil Nadu. We have applied a phylovenomics approach to compare the venom proteomes of Russell's vipers from the three corners of the Indian subcontinent, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and South India/Sri Lanka, and have assessed the in vitro (third-generation antivenomics) and in vivo preclinical efficacy of a panel of homologous antivenoms. The identification of two dispersal routes of ancestral D. russelii into the Indian subcontinent provides the ground for rationalizing the variability in composition and immunoreactivity of the venoms of extant geographic variants of Russell's viper. Such knowledge is relevant for envisioning strategies to improve the clinical coverage of anti- D. russelii antivenoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davinia Pla
- Evolutionary and Translational Venomics Laboratory, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - Libia Sanz
- Evolutionary and Translational Venomics Laboratory, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - Sarai Quesada-Bernat
- Evolutionary and Translational Venomics Laboratory, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - Mauren Villalta
- Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José 11501-2060, Costa Rica
| | - Joshua Baal
- Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße 52, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | | | - Guillermo León
- Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José 11501-2060, Costa Rica.
| | - José M Gutiérrez
- Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José 11501-2060, Costa Rica.
| | - Ulrich Kuch
- Institute of Occupational Medicine, Social Medicine and Environmental Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Juan J Calvete
- Evolutionary and Translational Venomics Laboratory, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Valencia, Spain.
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Zietek BM, Mayar M, Slagboom J, Bruyneel B, Vonk FJ, Somsen GW, Casewell NR, Kool J. Liquid chromatographic nanofractionation with parallel mass spectrometric detection for the screening of plasmin inhibitors and (metallo)proteinases in snake venoms. Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 410:5751-5763. [PMID: 30090989 PMCID: PMC6096707 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-1253-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
To better understand envenoming and to facilitate the development of new therapies for snakebite victims, rapid, sensitive, and robust methods for assessing the toxicity of individual venom proteins are required. Metalloproteinases comprise a major protein family responsible for many aspects of venom-induced haemotoxicity including coagulopathy, one of the most devastating effects of snake envenomation, and is characterized by fibrinogen depletion. Snake venoms are also known to contain anti-fibrinolytic agents with therapeutic potential, which makes them a good source of new plasmin inhibitors. The protease plasmin degrades fibrin clots, and changes in its activity can lead to life-threatening levels of fibrinolysis. Here, we present a methodology for the screening of plasmin inhibitors in snake venoms and the simultaneous assessment of general venom protease activity. Venom is first chromatographically separated followed by column effluent collection onto a 384-well plate using nanofractionation. Via a post-column split, mass spectrometry (MS) analysis of the effluent is performed in parallel. The nanofractionated venoms are exposed to a plasmin bioassay, and the resulting bioassay activity chromatograms are correlated to the MS data. To study observed proteolytic activity of venoms in more detail, venom fractions were exposed to variants of the plasmin bioassay in which the assay mixture was enriched with zinc or calcium ions, or the chelating agents EDTA or 1,10-phenanthroline were added. The plasmin activity screening system was applied to snake venoms and successfully detected compounds exhibiting antiplasmin (anti-fibrinolytic) activities in the venom of Daboia russelii, and metal-dependent proteases in the venom of Crotalus basiliscus. Graphical abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara M Zietek
- Division of BioAnalytical Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute of Molecules, Medicines and Systems, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Morwarid Mayar
- Division of BioAnalytical Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute of Molecules, Medicines and Systems, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Julien Slagboom
- Division of BioAnalytical Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute of Molecules, Medicines and Systems, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ben Bruyneel
- Division of BioAnalytical Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute of Molecules, Medicines and Systems, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Freek J Vonk
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, 2333 CR, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Govert W Somsen
- Division of BioAnalytical Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute of Molecules, Medicines and Systems, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nicholas R Casewell
- Alistair Reid Venom Research Unit, Parasitology Department, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, L3 5QA, UK
- Research Centre for Drugs and Diagnostics, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, L3 5QA, UK
| | - Jeroen Kool
- Division of BioAnalytical Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute of Molecules, Medicines and Systems, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Liu CC, Lin CC, Hsiao YC, Wang PJ, Yu JS. Proteomic characterization of six Taiwanese snake venoms: Identification of species-specific proteins and development of a SISCAPA-MRM assay for cobra venom factors. J Proteomics 2018; 187:59-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2018.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Faisal T, Tan KY, Sim SM, Quraishi N, Tan NH, Tan CH. Proteomics, functional characterization and antivenom neutralization of the venom of Pakistani Russell's viper (Daboia russelii) from the wild. J Proteomics 2018; 183:1-13. [PMID: 29729992 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2018.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The venom proteome of wild Pakistani Russell's viper (Daboia russelii) was investigated through nano-ESI-LCMS/MS of the reverse-phase HPLC fractions. A total of 54 venom proteins were identified and clustered into 11 protein families. Phospholipase A2 (PLA2, 63.8%) and Kunitz-type serine protease inhibitor (KSPI, 16.0%) were most abundant, followed by snake venom serine protease (SVSP, 5.5%, mainly Factor V activating enzyme), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF, 4.3%), snake venom metalloproteinase (SVMP, 2.5%, mainly Factor X activating enzyme) and phosphodiesterase (PDE, 2.5%). Other minor proteins include cysteine-rich secretory protein (CRiSP), snake venom C-type lectin/lectin-like protein (snaclec), nerve growth factor, L-amino acid oxidase and 5'-nucleotidase. PLA2, KSPI, SVSP, snaclec and SVMP are hemotoxic proteins in the venom. The study indicated substantial venom variation in D. russelii venoms of different locales, including 3 Pakistani specimens kept in the USA. The venom exhibited potent procoagulant activity on human plasma (minimum clotting dose = 14.5 ng/ml) and high lethality (rodent LD50 = 0.19 μg/g) but lacked hemorrhagic effect locally. The Indian VINS Polyvalent Antivenom bound the venom immunologically in a concentration-dependent manner. It moderately neutralized the venom procoagulant and lethal effects (normalized potency against lethality = 2.7 mg venom neutralized per g antivenom). BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE Comprehensive venom proteomes of D. russelii from different locales will facilitate better understanding of the geographical variability of the venom in both qualitative and quantitative terms. This is essential to provide scientific basis for the interpretation of differences in the clinical presentation of Russell's viper envenomation. The study revealed a unique venom proteome of the Pakistani D. russelii from the wild (Indus Delta), in which PLA2 predominated (~60% of total venom proteins). The finding unveiled remarkable differences in the venom compositions between the wild (present study) and the captive specimens reported previously. The integration of toxicity tests enabled the correlation of the venom proteome with the envenoming pathophysiology, where the venom showed potent lethality mediated through coagulopathic activity. The Indian VINS Polyvalent Antivenom (VPAV) showed binding activity toward the venom protein antigens; however the immunorecognition of small proteins and PLA2-dominating fractions was low to moderate. Consistently, the antivenom neutralized the toxicity of the wild Pakistani Russell's viper venom at moderate efficacies. Our results suggest that it may be possible to enhance the Indian antivenom potency against the Pakistani viper venom by the inclusion of venoms from a wider geographical range including that from Pakistan into the immunogen formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasnim Faisal
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kae Yi Tan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Si Mui Sim
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Naeem Quraishi
- ASV/ARV Serology Laboratory, Peoples Medical University, Nawabshah, Pakistan
| | - Nget Hong Tan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Choo Hock Tan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Translational Venomics: Third-Generation Antivenomics of Anti-Siamese Russell's Viper, Daboia siamensis, Antivenom Manufactured in Taiwan CDC's Vaccine Center. Trop Med Infect Dis 2018; 3:tropicalmed3020066. [PMID: 30274462 PMCID: PMC6073718 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed3020066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The venom proteome of Siamese Russell’s viper from Taiwan, alongside complementary in vivo lethality neutralization assay and in vitro third-generation antivenomics assessment of the preclinical efficacy of the homologous antivenom manufactured in Taiwan CDC’s Vaccine Center, are here reported. Taiwanese Russell’s viper venom proteome comprised 25 distinct gene products, with the heterodimeric PLA2 viperotoxin-F representing the most abundant toxin (47.5% of total venom proteome). Coagulation FV-activating serine proteinase (RVV-V, 14%), the PIV-SVMP activator of FX (RVV-FX, 8.5%), and less abundant toxins from nine protein families, make up its venom proteome. Venom composition-pathology correlations of D. siamensis envenomings in Taiwan are discussed. The lethal effect of Taiwanese D. siamensis venom was 0.47 mg/g mouse. Antivenomics-guided assessment of the toxin recognition landscape of the Taiwanese Russell’s viper antivenom, in conjunction with complementary in vivo neutralization analysis, informed the antivenom’s maximal toxin immunorecognition ability (14 mg total venom proteins/vial), neutralization capacity (6.5 mg venom/vial), and relative content of lethality neutralizing antibodies (46.5% of the toxin-binding F(ab’)2 antibodies). The antivenomics analysis also revealed suboptimal aspects of the CDC-Taiwan antivenom. Strategies to improve them are suggested.
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Sharma M, Iyer JK, Shih N, Majumder M, Mattaparthi VSK, Mukhopadhyay R, Doley R. Daboxin P, a Major Phospholipase A2 Enzyme from the Indian Daboia russelii russelii Venom Targets Factor X and Factor Xa for Its Anticoagulant Activity. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0153770. [PMID: 27089306 PMCID: PMC4835082 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study a major protein has been purified from the venom of Indian Daboia russelii russelii using gel filtration, ion exchange and Rp-HPLC techniques. The purified protein, named daboxin P accounts for ~24% of the total protein of the crude venom and has a molecular mass of 13.597 kDa. It exhibits strong anticoagulant and phospholipase A2 activity but is devoid of any cytotoxic effect on the tested normal or cancerous cell lines. Its primary structure was deduced by N-terminal sequencing and chemical cleavage using Edman degradation and tandem mass spectrometry. It is composed of 121 amino acids with 14 cysteine residues and catalytically active His48 -Asp49 pair. The secondary structure of daboxin P constitutes 42.73% of α-helix and 12.36% of β-sheet. It is found to be stable at acidic (pH 3.0) and neutral pH (pH 7.0) and has a Tm value of 71.59 ± 0.46°C. Daboxin P exhibits anticoagulant effect under in-vitro and in-vivo conditions. It does not inhibit the catalytic activity of the serine proteases but inhibits the activation of factor X to factor Xa by the tenase complexes both in the presence and absence of phospholipids. It also inhibits the tenase complexes when active site residue (His48) was alkylated suggesting its non-enzymatic mode of anticoagulant activity. Moreover, it also inhibits prothrombinase complex when pre-incubated with factor Xa prior to factor Va addition. Fluorescence emission spectroscopy and affinity chromatography suggest the probable interaction of daboxin P with factor X and factor Xa. Molecular docking analysis reveals the interaction of the Ca+2 binding loop; helix C; anticoagulant region and C-terminal region of daboxin P with the heavy chain of factor Xa. This is the first report of a phospholipase A2 enzyme from Indian viper venom which targets both factor X and factor Xa for its anticoagulant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maitreyee Sharma
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Tezpur-784028, Assam, India
| | - Janaki Krishnamurthy Iyer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Norrapat Shih
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Munmi Majumder
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Tezpur-784028, Assam, India
| | | | - Rupak Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Tezpur-784028, Assam, India
| | - Robin Doley
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Tezpur-784028, Assam, India
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Mladic M, Zietek BM, Iyer JK, Hermarij P, Niessen WM, Somsen GW, Kini RM, Kool J. At-line nanofractionation with parallel mass spectrometry and bioactivity assessment for the rapid screening of thrombin and factor Xa inhibitors in snake venoms. Toxicon 2016; 110:79-89. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2015.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Revised: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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10
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Venomics of the Australian eastern brown snake ( Pseudonaja textilis ): Detection of new venom proteins and splicing variants. Toxicon 2015; 107:252-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2015.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Revised: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Hadar G, Kelmer E, Segev G, Bruchim Y, Aroch I. Protein C activity in dogs envenomed by Vipera palaestinae. Toxicon 2014; 87:38-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2014.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2013] [Revised: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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12
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Withana M, Rodrigo C, Gnanathasan A, Gooneratne L. Presumptive thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura following a hump-nosed viper (Hypnale hypnale) bite: a case report. J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis 2014; 20:26. [PMID: 24987409 PMCID: PMC4077548 DOI: 10.1186/1678-9199-20-26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Hump-nosed viper bites are frequent in southern India and Sri Lanka. However, the published literature on this snakebite is limited and its venom composition is not well characterized. In this case, we report a patient with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura-like syndrome following envenoming which, to the best of our knowledge, has not been reported in the literature before. A 55-year-old woman from southern Sri Lanka presented to the local hospital 12 hours after a hump-nosed viper (Hypnale hypnale) bite. Five days later, she developed a syndrome that was characteristic of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura with fever, thrombocytopenia, microangiopathic hemolysis, renal impairment and neurological dysfunction in the form of confusion and coma. Her clinical syndrome and relevant laboratory parameters improved after she was treated with therapeutic plasma exchange. We compared our observations on this patient with the current literature and concluded that thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura is a theoretically plausible yet unreported manifestation of hump-nosed viper bite up to this moment. This study also provides an important message for clinicians to look out for this complication in hump-nosed viper bites since timely treatment can be lifesaving.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milinda Withana
- National Hospital, University Medical Unit, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Chaturaka Rodrigo
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, 25 Kynsey Road, Colombo 08, Sri Lanka
| | - Ariaranee Gnanathasan
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, 25 Kynsey Road, Colombo 08, Sri Lanka
| | - Lallindra Gooneratne
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
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Cheng AC, Tsai IH. Functional characterization of a slow and tight-binding inhibitor of plasmin isolated from Russell's viper venom. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2014; 1840:153-9. [PMID: 23999090 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2013.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2013] [Revised: 08/22/2013] [Accepted: 08/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Snake venoms are rich in Kunitz-type protease inhibitors that may have therapeutic applications. However, apart from trypsin or chymotrypsin inhibition, the functions of most of these inhibitors have not been elucidated. A detailed functional characterization of these inhibitors may lead to valuable drug candidates. METHODS A Kunitz-type protease inhibitor, named DrKIn-II, was tested for its ability to inhibit plasmin using various approaches such as far western blotting, kinetic analyses, fibrin plate assay and euglobulin clot lysis assay. In addition, the antifibrinolytic activity of DrKIn-II was demonstrated in vivo. RESULTS DrKIn-II potently decreased the amidolytic activity of plasmin in a dose-dependent manner, with a global inhibition constant of 0.2nM. Inhibition kinetics demonstrated that the initial binding of DrKIn-II causes the enzyme to isomerize, leading to the formation of a much tighter enzyme-inhibitor complex. DrKIn-II also demonstrated antifibrinolytic activity in fibrin plate assay and significantly prolonged the lysis of the euglobulin clot. Screening of DrKIn-II against a panel of serine proteases indicated that plasmin is the preferential target of DrKIn-II. Furthermore, DrKIn-II treatment prevented the increase of FDP in coagulation-stimulated mice and significantly reduced the bleeding time in a murine tail bleeding model. CONCLUSION DrKIn-II is a potent, slow and tight-binding plasmin inhibitor that demonstrates antifibrinolytic activity both in vitro and in vivo. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE This is the first in-depth functional characterization of a plasmin inhibitor from a viperid snake. The potent antifibrinolytic activity of DrKIn-II makes it a potential candidate for the development of novel antifibrinolytic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- An-Chun Cheng
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan.
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Sharma M, Gogoi N, Dhananjaya BL, Menon JC, Doley R. Geographical variation of Indian Russell’s viper venom and neutralization of its coagulopathy by polyvalent antivenom. TOXIN REV 2013. [DOI: 10.3109/15569543.2013.855789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Santhosh MS, Thushara RM, Hemshekhar M, Sunitha K, Devaraja S, Kemparaju K, Girish KS. Alleviation of viper venom induced platelet apoptosis by crocin (Crocus sativus): implications for thrombocytopenia in viper bites. J Thromb Thrombolysis 2013; 36:424-32. [DOI: 10.1007/s11239-013-0888-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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