1
|
Yamada M, Okutsu M. Interleukin-1β triggers muscle-derived extracellular superoxide dismutase expression and protects muscles from doxorubicin-induced atrophy. J Physiol 2023; 601:4699-4721. [PMID: 37815420 DOI: 10.1113/jp285174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin, a conventional chemotherapeutic agent prescribed for cancer, causes skeletal muscle atrophy and adversely affects mobility and strength. Given that doxorubicin-induced muscle atrophy is attributable primarily to oxidative stress, its effects could be mitigated by antioxidant-focused therapies; however, these protective therapeutic targets remain ambiguous. The aim of this study was to demonstrate that doxorubicin triggers severe muscle atrophy via upregulation of oxidative stress (4-hydroxynonenal and malondialdehyde) and atrogenes (atrogin-1/MAFbx and muscle RING finger-1) in association with decreased expression of the antioxidant enzyme extracellular superoxide dismutase (EcSOD), in cultured C2C12 myotubes and mouse skeletal muscle. Supplementation with EcSOD recombinant protein elevated EcSOD levels on the cellular membrane of cultured myotubes, consequently inhibiting doxorubicin-induced oxidative stress and myotube atrophy. Furthermore, doxorubicin treatment reduced interleukin-1β (IL-1β) mRNA expression in cultured myotubes and skeletal muscle, whereas transient IL-1β treatment increased EcSOD protein expression on the myotube membrane. Notably, transient IL-1β treatment of cultured myotubes and local administration in mouse skeletal muscle attenuated doxorubicin-induced muscle atrophy, which was associated with increased EcSOD expression. Collectively, these findings reveal that the regulation of skeletal muscle EcSOD via maintenance of IL-1β signalling is a potential therapeutic approach to counteract the muscle atrophy mediated by doxorubicin and oxidative stress. KEY POINTS: Doxorubicin, a commonly prescribed chemotherapeutic agent for patients with cancer, induces severe muscle atrophy owing to increased expression of oxidative stress; however, protective therapeutic targets are poorly understood. Doxorubicin induced muscle atrophy owing to increased expression of oxidative stress and atrogenes in association with decreased protein expression of extracellular superoxide dismutase (EcSOD) in cultured C2C12 myotubes and mouse skeletal muscle. Supplementation with EcSOD recombinant protein increased EcSOD levels on the cellular membrane of cultured myotubes, resulting in inhibition of doxorubicin-induced oxidative stress and myotube atrophy. Doxorubicin treatment decreased interleukin-1β (IL-1β) expression in cultured myotubes and skeletal muscle, whereas transient IL-1β treatment in vivo and in vitro increased EcSOD protein expression and attenuated doxorubicin-induced muscle atrophy. These findings reveal that regulation of skeletal muscle EcSOD via maintenance of IL-1β signalling is a possible therapeutic approach for muscle atrophy mediated by doxorubicin and oxidative stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mami Yamada
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya City University, Nagoya Aichi, Japan
| | - Mitsuharu Okutsu
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya City University, Nagoya Aichi, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Knudsen C, Woo Seuk Koh, Izumikawa T, Nakato E, Akiyama T, Kinoshita-Toyoda A, Haugstad G, Yu G, Toyoda H, Nakato H. Chondroitin sulfate is required for follicle epithelial integrity and organ shape maintenance in Drosophila. Development 2023; 150:dev201717. [PMID: 37694610 PMCID: PMC10508698 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Heparan sulfate (HS) and chondroitin sulfate (CS) are evolutionarily conserved glycosaminoglycans that are found in most animal species, including the genetically tractable model organism Drosophila. In contrast to extensive in vivo studies elucidating co-receptor functions of Drosophila HS proteoglycans (PGs), only a limited number of studies have been conducted for those of CSPGs. To investigate the global function of CS in development, we generated mutants for Chondroitin sulfate synthase (Chsy), which encodes the Drosophila homolog of mammalian chondroitin synthase 1, a crucial CS biosynthetic enzyme. Our characterizations of the Chsy mutants indicated that a fraction survive to adult stage, which allowed us to analyze the morphology of the adult organs. In the ovary, Chsy mutants exhibited altered stiffness of the basement membrane and muscle dysfunction, leading to a gradual degradation of the gross organ structure as mutant animals aged. Our observations show that normal CS function is required for the maintenance of the structural integrity of the ECM and gross organ architecture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Collin Knudsen
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota at Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Woo Seuk Koh
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota at Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Tomomi Izumikawa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - Eriko Nakato
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota at Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Takuya Akiyama
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | | | - Greg Haugstad
- Characterization Facility, University of Minnesota at Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Guichuan Yu
- Characterization Facility, University of Minnesota at Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Hidenao Toyoda
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nakato
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota at Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Maciej-Hulme ML, Melrose J, Farrugia BL. Arthritis and Duchenne muscular dystrophy: the role of chondroitin sulfate and its associated proteoglycans in disease pathology and as a diagnostic marker. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2023; 324:C142-C152. [PMID: 36409173 PMCID: PMC9829464 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00103.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Chondroitin sulfate (CS) is a ubiquitous glycosaminoglycan covalently attached to the core proteins of cell surface, extracellular, and intracellular proteoglycans. The multistep and highly regulated biosynthesis of chondroitin sulfate and its degradation products give rise to a diverse species of molecules with functional regulatory properties in biological systems. This review will elucidate and expand on the most recent advances in understanding the role of chondroitin sulfate and its associate proteoglycans, in arthritis and Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), two different and discrete pathologies. Highlighting not only the biodiverse nature of this family of molecules but also the utilization of CS proteoglycans, CS, and its catabolic fragments as biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets for disease pathologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marissa L Maciej-Hulme
- Department of Nephrology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - James Melrose
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Raymond Purves Bone and Joint Research Laboratories, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital and The Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, St. Leonard's, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Brooke L Farrugia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Cahyadi DD, Warita K, Takeda-Okuda N, Tamura JI, Hosaka YZ. Qualitative and quantitative analyses in sulfated glycosaminoglycans, chondroitin sulfate/dermatan sulfate, during 3 T3-L1 adipocytes differentiation. Anim Sci J 2023; 94:e13894. [PMID: 38054387 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Chondroitin sulfate/dermatan sulfate (CS/DS) is a member of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) found in animal tissues. Major CS/DS subclasses, O, A, C, D, and E units, exist based on the sulfation pattern in d-glucuronic acid (GlcA) and N-acetyl-d-galactosamine repeating units. DS is formed when GlcA is epimerized into l-iduronic acid. Our study aimed to analyze the CS/DS profile in 3 T3-L1 cells before and after adipogenic induction. CS/DS contents, molecular weight (Mw), and sulfation pattern were analyzed by using high-performance liquid chromatography. CS/DS synthesis- and sulfotransferase-related genes were analyzed by reverse transcription real-time PCR. CS/DS amount was significantly decreased in the differentiated (DI) group compared to the non-differentiated (ND) group, along with a lower expression of CS biosynthesis-related genes, chondroitin sulfate N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 1 and 2, as well as chondroitin polymerizing factor. GAGs in the DI group also showed lower Mw than those of ND. Furthermore, the A unit was the major CS/DS in both groups, with a proportionally higher CS-A in the DI group. This was consistent with the expression of carbohydrate sulfotransferase 12 that encodes chondroitin 4-O-sulfotransferase, for CS-A formation. These qualitative and quantitative changes in CS/DS and CS/DS-synthases before and after adipocyte differentiation reveal valuable insights into adipocyte development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danang Dwi Cahyadi
- Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
- Division of Anatomy Histology and Embryology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Katsuhiko Warita
- Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
- Joint Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Naoko Takeda-Okuda
- Department of Life and Environmental Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Tamura
- Department of Life and Environmental Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Yoshinao Z Hosaka
- Department of Animal and Marine Bioresource Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Koike T, Mikami T, Tamura JI, Kitagawa H. Altered sulfation status of FAM20C-dependent chondroitin sulfate is associated with osteosclerotic bone dysplasia. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7952. [PMID: 36572689 PMCID: PMC9792594 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35687-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Raine syndrome, a lethal osteosclerotic bone dysplasia in humans, is caused by loss-of-function mutations in FAM20C; however, Fam20c deficiency in mice does not recapitulate the human disorder, so the underlying pathoetiological mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here we show that FAM20C, in addition to the reported casein kinase activity, also fine-tunes the biosynthesis of chondroitin sulfate (CS) chains to impact bone homeostasis. Specifically, FAM20C with Raine-originated mutations loses the ability to interact with chondroitin 4-O-sulfotransferase-1, and is associated with reduced 4-sulfation/6-sulfation (4S/6S) ratio of CS chains and upregulated biomineralization in human osteosarcoma cells. By contrast, overexpressing chondroitin 6-O-sulfotransferase-1 reduces CS 4S/6S ratio, and induces osteoblast differentiation in vitro and higher bone mineral density in transgenic mice. Meanwhile, a potential xylose kinase activity of FAM20C does not impact CS 4S/6S ratio, and is not associated with Raine syndrome mutations. Our results thus implicate CS 4S/6S ratio imbalances caused by FAM20C mutations as a contributor of Raine syndrome etiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Toshiyasu Koike
- grid.411100.50000 0004 0371 6549Laboratory of Biochemistry, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Higashinada-Ku, Kobe, 658-8558 Japan
| | - Tadahisa Mikami
- grid.411100.50000 0004 0371 6549Laboratory of Biochemistry, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Higashinada-Ku, Kobe, 658-8558 Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Tamura
- grid.265107.70000 0001 0663 5064Department of Agricultural, Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori, 680-8551 Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kitagawa
- grid.411100.50000 0004 0371 6549Laboratory of Biochemistry, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Higashinada-Ku, Kobe, 658-8558 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wang Y, Lu J, Liu Y. Skeletal Muscle Regeneration in Cardiotoxin-Induced Muscle Injury Models. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232113380. [PMID: 36362166 PMCID: PMC9657523 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle injuries occur frequently in daily life and exercise. Understanding the mechanisms of regeneration is critical for accelerating the repair and regeneration of muscle. Therefore, this article reviews knowledge on the mechanisms of skeletal muscle regeneration after cardiotoxin-induced injury. The process of regeneration is similar in different mouse strains and is inhibited by aging, obesity, and diabetes. Exercise, microcurrent electrical neuromuscular stimulation, and mechanical loading improve regeneration. The mechanisms of regeneration are complex and strain-dependent, and changes in functional proteins involved in the processes of necrotic fiber debris clearance, M1 to M2 macrophage conversion, SC activation, myoblast proliferation, differentiation and fusion, and fibrosis and calcification influence the final outcome of the regenerative activity.
Collapse
|
7
|
Murakami A, Noda S, Kazuta T, Hirano S, Kimura S, Nakanishi H, Matsuo K, Tsujikawa K, Iida M, Koike H, Sakamoto K, Hara Y, Kuru S, Kadomatsu K, Shimamura T, Ogi T, Katsuno M. Metabolome and transcriptome analysis on muscle of sporadic inclusion body myositis. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2022; 9:1602-1615. [PMID: 36107781 PMCID: PMC9539386 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.51657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Methods Results Interpretation
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayuka Murakami
- Department of Neurology Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine Nagoya Japan
- Department of Neurology National Hospital Organization Suzuka Hospital Suzuka Japan
| | - Seiya Noda
- Department of Neurology Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine Nagoya Japan
- Department of Neurology National Hospital Organization Suzuka Hospital Suzuka Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Kazuta
- Department of Neurology Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine Nagoya Japan
- Department of Neurology National Hospital Organization Suzuka Hospital Suzuka Japan
| | - Satoko Hirano
- Department of Neurology Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine Nagoya Japan
- Department of Neurology National Hospital Organization Suzuka Hospital Suzuka Japan
| | - Seigo Kimura
- Department of Neurology Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine Nagoya Japan
- Department of Neurology National Hospital Organization Suzuka Hospital Suzuka Japan
| | | | - Koji Matsuo
- Department of Neurology Kariya Toyota General Hospital Kariya Japan
| | - Koyo Tsujikawa
- Department of Neurology Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine Nagoya Japan
| | - Madoka Iida
- Department of Neurology Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine Nagoya Japan
| | - Haruki Koike
- Department of Neurology Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine Nagoya Japan
| | - Kazuma Sakamoto
- Department of Biochemistry Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine Nagoya Japan
- Institute for Glyco‐Core Research (iGCORE), Nagoya University Nagoya Japan
| | - Yuichiro Hara
- Department of Genetics Research Institute of Environmental Medicine (RLeM), Nagoya University Nagoya Japan
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine Nagoya Japan
| | - Satoshi Kuru
- Department of Neurology National Hospital Organization Suzuka Hospital Suzuka Japan
| | - Kenji Kadomatsu
- Department of Biochemistry Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine Nagoya Japan
- Institute for Glyco‐Core Research (iGCORE), Nagoya University Nagoya Japan
| | - Teppei Shimamura
- Division of Systems Biology Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine Nagoya Japan
| | - Tomoo Ogi
- Department of Genetics Research Institute of Environmental Medicine (RLeM), Nagoya University Nagoya Japan
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine Nagoya Japan
| | - Masahisa Katsuno
- Department of Neurology Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine Nagoya Japan
- Department of Clinical Research Education Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine Nagoya Japan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Myocyte Culture with Decellularized Skeletal Muscle Sheet with Observable Interaction with the Extracellular Matrix. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:bioengineering9070309. [PMID: 35877360 PMCID: PMC9311603 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9070309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In skeletal muscles, muscle fibers are highly organized and bundled within the basement membrane. Several microfabricated substrate models have failed to mimic the macrostructure of native muscle, including various extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. Therefore, we developed and evaluated a system using decellularized muscle tissue and mouse myoblasts C2C12 to analyze the interaction between native ECM and myocytes. Chicken skeletal muscle was sliced into sheets and decellularized to prepare decellularized skeletal muscle sheets (DSMS). C2C12 was then seeded and differentiated on DSMS. Immunostaining for ECM molecules was performed to examine the relationship between myoblast adhesion status, myotube orientation, and collagen IV orientation. Myotube survival in long-term culture was confirmed by calcein staining. C2C12 myoblasts adhered to scaffolds in DSMS and developed adhesion plaques and filopodia. Furthermore, C2C12 myotubes showed orientation along the ECM orientation within DSMS. Compared to plastic dishes, detachment was less likely to occur on DSMS, and long-term incubation was possible. This culture technique reproduces a cell culture environment reflecting the properties of living skeletal muscle, thereby allowing studies on the interaction between the ECM and myocytes.
Collapse
|
9
|
Satoh F, Sugiura A, Tashiro J, Hosaka YZ, Warita K. Chondroitin sulfate E downregulates N-cadherin and suppresses myotube formation. J Vet Med Sci 2022; 84:494-501. [PMID: 35173094 PMCID: PMC9096049 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.21-0662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Myogenesis, the formation of muscle fibers, is affected by certain glycoproteins,
including chondroitin sulfate (CS), which are involved in various cellular processes. We
aimed to investigate the mechanism underlying CS-E-induced suppression of myotube
formation using the myoblast cell line C2C12. Differentiated cells treated with 0.1 mg/ml
CS-E for nine days showed multinucleated and rounded myotubes with myosin heavy chain
positivity. No difference was found between the CS-E-treated group with rounded myotubes
and CS (−) controls with elongated myotubes in the levels of phospho-cofilin, a protein
involved in the dynamics of actin cytoskeleton. Interestingly, N-cadherin, which is
involved in the gene expression of myoblast fusion factors (myomaker and myomixer), was
significantly downregulated at both the mRNA and protein levels following CS-E treatment.
These results suggest that N-cadherin downregulation is one of the mechanisms underlying
the CS-E-induced suppression of myotube formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fumi Satoh
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University
| | - Akihiro Sugiura
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University
| | - Jiro Tashiro
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University
| | - Yoshinao Z Hosaka
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University
| | - Katsuhiko Warita
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Urine proteomics as a non-invasive approach to monitor exertional rhabdomyolysis during military training. J Proteomics 2022; 258:104498. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2022.104498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
11
|
Hosaka YZ, Washie S, Warita K. Preliminary study of the gene expression of sulfation and degradation enzymes for chondroitin sulfate in glycerol-treated C2C12 myoblast cells. J Vet Med Sci 2022; 84:306-309. [PMID: 35022360 PMCID: PMC8983298 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.21-0632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we induced chemical damage of C2C12 myoblasts that had differentiated into myotubes with glycerol, and four sulfation enzymes for chondroitin sulfate (CS) [carbohydrate
sulfotransferase (Chst) 12, Chst15 and Chst3 and uronyl 2-O-sulfotransferase (UST)] and two CS degradation enzymes [hyaluronidase (Hyal) 1 and Hyal2] were examined for changes in gene
expression. Treatment of myoblasts with 5% glycerol significantly increased the expression levels of the sulfation enzymes Chst12 and Chst15 and the
degradation enzymes Hyal1 and Hyal2. However, the expression levels of the other two genes (Chst3 and Ust) showed no change. Differences in
the expression levels of these enzymes may help to understand the difference in responsiveness of myoblasts to glycerol after muscle injury in vivo or in
vitro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinao Z Hosaka
- Joint Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University.,Division of Basic Veterinary Science, Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Tottori University
| | - Sota Washie
- Joint Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University
| | - Katsuhiko Warita
- Joint Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University.,Division of Basic Veterinary Science, Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Tottori University
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Sarveazad A, Yari A, Babaei-Ghazani A, Mokhtare M, Bahardoust M, Asar S, Shamseddin J, Yousefifard M, Babahajian A. Combined application of chondroitinase ABC and photobiomodulation with low-intensity laser on the anal sphincter repair in rabbit. BMC Gastroenterol 2021; 21:473. [PMID: 34911454 PMCID: PMC8672605 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-021-02047-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Photobiomodulation with low-intensity laser (LIL) and chondroitinase ABC (ChABC) can repair damaged muscle tissue, so the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of co-administration of these two factors on anal sphincter repair in rabbits. Methods Male rabbits were studied in 5 groups (n = 7): Control (intact), sphincterotomy, laser, ChABC and laser + ChABC. 90 days after intervention were evaluated resting and maximum squeeze pressures, number of motor units, collagen amount, markers of muscle regeneration and angiogenesis. Results Resting pressure in the Laser + ChABC group was higher than the sphincterotomy, laser and ChABC groups (p < 0.0001). Maximum squeeze pressure in the all study groups was higher than sphincterotomy group (p < 0.0001). In the laser + ChABC and ChABC groups, motor unit numbers were more than the sphincterotomy group (p < 0.0001). Collagen content was significantly decreased in the laser (p < 0.0001) and laser + ChABC groups. ACTA1 (p = 0.001) and MHC (p < 0.0001) gene expression in the Laser + ChABC group were more than the laser or ChABC alone. VEGFA (p = 0.009) and Ki67 mRNA expression (p = 0.01) in the Laser + ChABC group were more than the laser group, But vimentin mRNA expression (p < 0.0001) was less than the laser group. Conclusion Co-administration of ChABCs and photobiomodulation with LIL appears to improve the tissue structure and function of the anal sphincter in rabbits more than when used alone. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12876-021-02047-2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arash Sarveazad
- Nursing Care Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Colorectal Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abazar Yari
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.,Dietary Supplements and Probiotics Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Arash Babaei-Ghazani
- Neuromusculoskeletal Research Center, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Montreal Health Center, Montreal, Canada
| | - Marjan Mokhtare
- Nursing Care Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mansour Bahardoust
- Nursing Care Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Siavash Asar
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Jebreil Shamseddin
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Yousefifard
- Physiology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Hemmat Highway, P.O Box: 14665-354, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Asrin Babahajian
- Liver and Digestive Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, P.O Box: 14665-354, Sanandaj, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Genetic reduction of the extracellular matrix protein versican attenuates inflammatory cell infiltration and improves contractile function in dystrophic mdx diaphragm muscles. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11080. [PMID: 32632164 PMCID: PMC7338466 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67464-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a persistent, aberrant accumulation of V0/V1 versican in skeletal muscles from patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy and in diaphragm muscles from mdx mice. Versican is a provisional matrix protein implicated in fibrosis and inflammation in various disease states, yet its role in the pathogenesis of muscular dystrophy is not known. Here, female mdx and male hdf mice (haploinsufficient for the versican allele) were bred. In the resulting F1 mdx-hdf male pups, V0/V1 versican expression in diaphragm muscles was decreased by 50% compared to mdx littermates at 20-26 weeks of age. In mdx-hdf mice, spontaneous physical activity increased by 17% and there was a concomitant decrease in total energy expenditure and whole-body glucose oxidation. Versican reduction improved the ex vivo strength and endurance of diaphragm muscle strips. These changes in diaphragm contractile properties in mdx-hdf mice were associated with decreased monocyte and macrophage infiltration and a reduction in the proportion of fibres expressing the slow type I myosin heavy chain isoform. Given the high metabolic cost of inflammation in dystrophy, an attenuated inflammatory response may contribute to the effects of versican reduction on whole-body metabolism. Altogether, versican reduction ameliorates the dystrophic pathology of mdx-hdf mice as evidenced by improved diaphragm contractile function and increased physical activity.
Collapse
|
14
|
Shida M, Mikami T, Tamura JI, Kitagawa H. Chondroitin sulfate-D promotes neurite outgrowth by acting as an extracellular ligand for neuronal integrin αVβ3. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2019; 1863:1319-1331. [PMID: 31181256 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2019.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chondroitin sulfate (CS) chains are prominent extra/pericellular matrix components in the central nervous system (CNS) and can exert positive or negative regulatory effects on neurite outgrowth, depending on the CS structure and the amount. Despite the remarkable abilities of highly sulfated forms of CS chains to enhance neurite outgrowth, the neuronal recognition systems for such promotional CS chains, including CS-D polysaccharide, remain to be fully elucidated. METHODS We explored the molecular basis of the CS-D-mediated neurite extension using primary hippocampal neurons cultured on substrate precoated with CS-D polysaccharides, and evaluated functional involvement of a distinct integrin heterodimer as a novel neuronal CS receptor for CS-D. RESULTS We identified an extracellular matrix receptor, integrin αVβ3, as a functional receptor for CS-D. CS-D, but not CS-C (a precursor form of CS-D) showed significant binding affinity toward recombinant integrin αVβ3 heterodimer and activated intracellular signaling(s) involving focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and Src/Fyn kinase. Functional blockade of the respective players for integrin signaling abrogated the promotional effects of CS-D. We also found the existence of CS-D-induced integrin activation system in neuronal stem/progenitor cell population. CONCLUSIONS The neuronal cell surface integrin αVβ3 can function as a CS receptor for a highly sulfated CS subtype, CS-D. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Our findings are the first to demonstrate that CS-dependent neurite outgrowth promotion is exerted via direct activation of specific integrin heterodimers on neuronal cell surfaces, providing new insights into understanding the CS-sensing machineries that regulate CNS development and regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miharu Shida
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Higashinada-ku, Kobe 658-8558, Japan
| | - Tadahisa Mikami
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Higashinada-ku, Kobe 658-8558, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Tamura
- Department of Life and Environmental Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8551, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kitagawa
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Higashinada-ku, Kobe 658-8558, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Carmen L, Maria V, Morales-Medina JC, Vallelunga A, Palmieri B, Iannitti T. Role of proteoglycans and glycosaminoglycans in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Glycobiology 2019; 29:110-123. [PMID: 29924302 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwy058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an inherited fatal X-linked myogenic disorder with a prevalence of 1 in 3500 male live births. It affects voluntary muscles, and heart and breathing muscles. DMD is characterized by continuous degeneration and regeneration cycles resulting in extensive fibrosis and a progressive reduction in muscle mass. Since the identification of a reduction in dystrophin protein as the cause of this disorder, numerous innovative and experimental therapies, focusing on increasing the levels of dystrophin, have been proposed, but the clinical improvement has been unsatisfactory. Dystrophin forms the dystrophin-associated glycoprotein complex and its proteins have been studied as a promising novel therapeutic target to treat DMD. Among these proteins, cell surface glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are found almost ubiquitously on the surface and in the extracellular matrix (ECM) of mammalian cells. These macromolecules interact with numerous ligands, including ECM constituents, adhesion molecules and growth factors that play a crucial role in muscle development and maintenance. In this article, we have reviewed in vitro, in vivo and clinical studies focused on the functional role of GAGs in the pathophysiology of DMD with the final aim of summarizing the state of the art of GAG dysregulation within the ECM in DMD and discussing future therapeutic perspectives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laurino Carmen
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical Specialties, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Medical School, Surgical Clinic, Modena, Italy
| | - Vadala' Maria
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical Specialties, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Medical School, Surgical Clinic, Modena, Italy
| | - Julio Cesar Morales-Medina
- Centro de Investigación en Reproducción Animal, CINVESTAV-Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, CP, AP 62, Mexico
| | - Annamaria Vallelunga
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases (CEMAND), University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Beniamino Palmieri
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical Specialties, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Medical School, Surgical Clinic, Modena, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Gromova OA, Torshin IY, Lila AM, Shostak NA, Rudakov KV. Molecular mechanisms of myoprotective action of chondroitin sulfate and glucosamine sulfate in sarcopenia. NEUROLOGY, NEUROPSYCHIATRY, PSYCHOSOMATICS 2019. [DOI: 10.14412/2074-2711-2019-1-117-124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- O. A. Gromova
- Federal Research Center “Informatics and Management”, Russian Academy of Sciences;
M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University
| | - I. Yu. Torshin
- Federal Research Center “Informatics and Management”, Russian Academy of Sciences;
M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University
| | - A. M. Lila
- V.A. Nasonova Research Institute of Rheumatology
| | - N. A. Shostak
- N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University
| | - K. V. Rudakov
- Federal Research Center “Informatics and Management”, Russian Academy of Sciences;
M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Skuk D, Tremblay JP. The Process of Engraftment of Myogenic Cells in Skeletal Muscles of Primates: Understanding Clinical Observations and Setting Directions in Cell Transplantation Research. Cell Transplant 2018; 26:1763-1779. [PMID: 29338383 PMCID: PMC5784521 DOI: 10.1177/0963689717724798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We studied in macaques the evolution of the intramuscular transplantation of muscle precursor cells between the time of administration and the time at which the graft is considered stable. Satellite cell–derived myoblasts labeled with ß-galactosidase were transplanted into 1 cm3 muscle regions following cell culture and transplantation protocols similar to our last clinical trials. These regions were biopsied 1 h, 1, 3, 7 d, and 3 wk later and analyzed by histology. We observed that the cell suspension leaks from the muscle bundles during injection toward the epimysium and perimysium, where most cells accumulate after transplantation. We observed evidence of necrosis, apoptosis, and mitosis in the accumulations of grafted cells, and of potential migration to participate in myofiber regeneration in the surrounding muscle bundles. After 3 wk, the compact accumulations of grafted cells left only some graft-derived myotubes and small myofibers in the perimysium. Hybrid myofibers were abundant in the muscle fascicles at 3 wk posttransplantation, and they most likely occur by grafted myoblasts that migrated from the peripheral accumulations than by the few remaining within the fascicles immediately after injection. These observations explain the findings in clinical trials of myoblast transplantation and provide information for the future research in cell therapy in myology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Skuk
- 1 Axe Neurosciences, Research Center of the CHU de Quebec-CHUL, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jacques P Tremblay
- 1 Axe Neurosciences, Research Center of the CHU de Quebec-CHUL, Quebec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Glucocorticoids Improve Myogenic Differentiation In Vitro by Suppressing the Synthesis of Versican, a Transitional Matrix Protein Overexpressed in Dystrophic Skeletal Muscles. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18122629. [PMID: 29211034 PMCID: PMC5751232 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18122629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), a dysregulated extracellular matrix (ECM) directly exacerbates pathology. Glucocorticoids are beneficial therapeutics in DMD, and have pleiotropic effects on the composition and processing of ECM proteins in other biological contexts. The synthesis and remodelling of a transitional versican-rich matrix is necessary for myogenesis; whether glucocorticoids modulate this transitional matrix is not known. Here, versican expression and processing were examined in hindlimb and diaphragm muscles from mdx dystrophin-deficient mice and C57BL/10 wild type mice. V0/V1 versican (Vcan) mRNA transcripts and protein levels were upregulated in dystrophic compared to wild type muscles, especially in the more severely affected mdx diaphragm. Processed versican (versikine) was detected in wild type and dystrophic muscles, and immunoreactivity was highly associated with newly regenerated myofibres. Glucocorticoids enhanced C2C12 myoblast fusion by modulating the expression of genes regulating transitional matrix synthesis and processing. Specifically, Tgfβ1, Vcan and hyaluronan synthase-2 (Has2) mRNA transcripts were decreased by 50% and Adamts1 mRNA transcripts were increased three-fold by glucocorticoid treatment. The addition of exogenous versican impaired myoblast fusion, whilst glucocorticoids alleviated this inhibition in fusion. In dystrophic mdx muscles, versican upregulation correlated with pathology. We propose that versican is a novel and relevant target gene in DMD, given its suppression by glucocorticoids and that in excess it impairs myoblast fusion, a process key for muscle regeneration.
Collapse
|
19
|
Miyata S, Kitagawa H. Formation and remodeling of the brain extracellular matrix in neural plasticity: Roles of chondroitin sulfate and hyaluronan. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2017. [PMID: 28625420 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2017.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The extracellular matrix (ECM) of the brain is rich in glycosaminoglycans such as chondroitin sulfate (CS) and hyaluronan. These glycosaminoglycans are organized into either diffuse or condensed ECM. Diffuse ECM is distributed throughout the brain and fills perisynaptic spaces, whereas condensed ECM selectively surrounds parvalbumin-expressing inhibitory neurons (PV cells) in mesh-like structures called perineuronal nets (PNNs). The brain ECM acts as a non-specific physical barrier that modulates neural plasticity and axon regeneration. SCOPE OF REVIEW Here, we review recent progress in understanding of the molecular basis of organization and remodeling of the brain ECM, and the involvement of several types of experience-dependent neural plasticity, with a particular focus on the mechanism that regulates PV cell function through specific interactions between CS chains and their binding partners. We also discuss how the barrier function of the brain ECM restricts dendritic spine dynamics and limits axon regeneration after injury. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS The brain ECM not only forms physical barriers that modulate neural plasticity and axon regeneration, but also forms molecular brakes that actively controls maturation of PV cells and synapse plasticity in which sulfation patterns of CS chains play a key role. Structural remodeling of the brain ECM modulates neural function during development and pathogenesis. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Genetic or enzymatic manipulation of the brain ECM may restore neural plasticity and enhance recovery from nerve injury. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Neuro-glycoscience, edited by Kenji Kadomatsu and Hiroshi Kitagawa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Miyata
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kitagawa
- Department of Biochemistry, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, 4-19-1 Motoyamakita-machi, Kobe 658-8558, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Shida M, Mikami T, Tamura JI, Kitagawa H. A characteristic chondroitin sulfate trisaccharide unit with a sulfated fucose branch exhibits neurite outgrowth-promoting activity: Novel biological roles of fucosylated chondroitin sulfates isolated from the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 487:678-683. [PMID: 28450116 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.04.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Chondroitin sulfate (CS) is a class of sulfated glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chains that consist of repeating disaccharide unit composed of glucuronic acid (GlcA) and N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc). CS chains are found throughout the pericellular and extracellular spaces and contribute to the formation of functional microenvironments for numerous biological events. However, their structure-function relations remain to be fully characterized. Here, a fucosylated CS (FCS) was isolated from the body wall of the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus. Its promotional effects on neurite outgrowth were assessed by using isolated polysaccharides and the chemically synthesized FCS trisaccharide β-D-GalNAc(4,6-O-disulfate) (1-4)[α-l-fucose (2,4-O-disulfate) (1-3)]-β-D-GlcA. FCS polysaccharides contained the E-type disaccharide unit GlcA-GalNAc(4,6-O-disulfate) as a CS major backbone structure and carried distinct sulfated fucose branches. Despite their relatively lower abundance of E unit, FCS polysaccharides exhibited neurite outgrowth-promoting activity comparable to squid cartilage-derived CS-E polysaccharides, which are characterized by their predominant E units, suggesting potential roles of the fucose branch in neurite outgrowth. Indeed, the chemically synthesized FCS trisaccharide was as effective as CS-E tetrasaccharide in stimulating neurite elongation in vitro. In conclusion, FCS trisaccharide units with 2,4-O-disulfated fucose branches may provide new insights into understanding the structure-function relations of CS chains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miharu Shida
- Department of Biochemistry, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Higashinada-ku, Kobe 658-8558, Japan
| | - Tadahisa Mikami
- Department of Biochemistry, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Higashinada-ku, Kobe 658-8558, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Tamura
- Department of Regional Environment, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8551, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kitagawa
- Department of Biochemistry, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Higashinada-ku, Kobe 658-8558, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Degree of Suppression of Mouse Myoblast Cell Line C₂C 12 Differentiation Varies According to Chondroitin Sulfate Subtype. Mar Drugs 2016; 14:md14100193. [PMID: 27775651 PMCID: PMC5082341 DOI: 10.3390/md14100193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Revised: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Chondroitin sulfate (CS), a type of glycosaminoglycan (GAG), is a factor involved in the suppression of myogenic differentiation. CS comprises two repeating sugars and has different subtypes depending on the position and number of bonded sulfate groups. However, the effect of each subtype on myogenic differentiation remains unclear. In this study, we spiked cultures of C2C12 myoblasts, cells which are capable of undergoing skeletal muscle differentiation, with one of five types of CS (CS-A, -B, -C, -D, or -E) and induced differentiation over a fixed time. After immunostaining of the formed myotubes with an anti-MHC antibody, we counted the number of nuclei in the myotubes and then calculated the fusion index (FI) as a measure of myotube differentiation. The FI values of all the CS-treated groups were lower than the FI value of the control group, especially the group treated with CS-E, which displayed notable suppression of myotube formation. To confirm that the sugar chain in CS-E is important in the suppression of differentiation, chondroitinase ABC (ChABC), which catabolizes CS, was added to the media. The addition of ChABC led to the degradation of CS-E, and neutralized the suppression of myotube formation by CS-E. Collectively, it can be concluded that the degree of suppression of differentiation depends on the subtype of CS and that CS-E strongly suppresses myogenic differentiation. We conclude that the CS sugar chain has inhibitory action against myoblast cell fusion.
Collapse
|
22
|
Torihashi S, Ho M, Kawakubo Y, Komatsu K, Nagai M, Hirayama Y, Kawabata Y, Takenaka-Ninagawa N, Wanachewin O, Zhuo L, Kimata K. Acute and temporal expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α-stimulated gene 6 product, TSG6, in mesenchymal stem cells creates microenvironments required for their successful transplantation into muscle tissue. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:22771-81. [PMID: 26178374 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.629774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously, we demonstrated that when mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from mouse ES cells were transplanted into skeletal muscle, more than 60% of them differentiated into muscles in the crush-injured tibialis anterior muscle in vivo, although MSCs neither differentiated nor settled in the intact muscle. Microenvironments, including the extracellular matrix between the injured and intact muscle, were quite different. In the injured muscle, hyaluronan (HA), heavy chains of inter-α-inhibitor (IαI), CD44, and TNF-α-stimulated gene 6 product (TSG-6) increased 24-48 h after injury, although basement membrane components of differentiated muscle such as perlecan, laminin, and type IV collagen increased gradually 4 days after the crush. We then investigated the microenvironments crucial for cell transplantation, using the lysate of C2C12 myotubules for mimicking injured circumstances in vivo. MSCs settled in the intact muscle when they were transplanted together with the C2C12 lysate or TSG6. MSCs produced and released TSG6 when they were cultured with C2C12 lysates in vitro. MSCs pretreated with the lysate also settled in the intact muscle. Furthermore, MSCs whose TSG6 was knocked down by shRNA, even if transplanted or pretreated with the lysate, could not settle in the muscle. Immunofluorescent staining showed that HA and IαI always co-localized or were distributed closely, suggesting formation of covalent complexes, i.e. the SHAP-HA complex in the presence of TSG6. Thus, TSG6, HA, and IαI were crucial factors for the settlement and probably the subsequent differentiation of MSCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shigeko Torihashi
- From the Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 461-9673, Japan
| | - Mioko Ho
- the Department of Physical Therapy, Nagoya University School of Health Sciences, Nagoya 461-8673, Japan
| | - Yuji Kawakubo
- the Department of Physical Therapy, Nagoya University School of Health Sciences, Nagoya 461-8673, Japan
| | - Kazumi Komatsu
- the Department of Physical Therapy, Nagoya University School of Health Sciences, Nagoya 461-8673, Japan
| | - Masataka Nagai
- the Department of Physical Therapy, Nagoya University School of Health Sciences, Nagoya 461-8673, Japan
| | - Yuri Hirayama
- the Department of Physical Therapy, Nagoya University School of Health Sciences, Nagoya 461-8673, Japan
| | - Yuka Kawabata
- From the Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 461-9673, Japan
| | - Nana Takenaka-Ninagawa
- From the Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 461-9673, Japan, the Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan, and
| | - Orawan Wanachewin
- the Advanced Medical Research Center and Multidisciplinary Pain Center, Aichi Medical University, 1-1 Yazakokarimata, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan, the Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Lisheng Zhuo
- the Advanced Medical Research Center and Multidisciplinary Pain Center, Aichi Medical University, 1-1 Yazakokarimata, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan
| | - Koji Kimata
- the Advanced Medical Research Center and Multidisciplinary Pain Center, Aichi Medical University, 1-1 Yazakokarimata, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan,
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
|
24
|
Chondroitin sulfate-E mediates estrogen-induced osteoanabolism. Sci Rep 2015; 5:8994. [PMID: 25759206 PMCID: PMC4355730 DOI: 10.1038/srep08994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is an age-related disorder of bone remodeling in which bone resorption outstrips bone matrix deposition. Although anticatabolic agents are frequently used as first-line therapies for osteoporosis, alternative anabolic strategies that can enhance anabolic, osteogenic potential are actively sought. Sex steroid hormones, particularly estrogens, are bidirectional regulators for bone homeostasis; therefore, estrogen-mediated events are important potential targets for such anabolic therapies. Here, we show that estrogen-induced, osteoanabolic effects were mediated via enhanced production of chondroitin sulfate-E (CS-E), which could act as an osteogenic stimulant in our cell-based system. Conversely, estrogen deficiency caused reduced expression of CS-E-synthesizing enzymes, including GalNAc4S-6ST, and led to decreased CS-E production in cultures of bone marrow cells derived from ovariectomized mice. Moreover, Galnac4s6st-deficient mice had abnormally low bone mass that resulted from impaired osteoblast differentiation. These results indicated that strategies aimed at boosting CS-E biosynthesis are promising alternative therapies for osteoporosis.
Collapse
|
25
|
Abstract
AbstractChondroitin sulfate (CS) is a ubiquitous component of the cell surface and extracellular matrix of animal tissues. CS chains are covalently bound to a core protein to form a proteoglycan, which is involved in various biological events including cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Their functions are executed by regulating the activity of bioactive proteins, such as growth factors, morphogens, and cytokines. This review article focuses on the catabolism of CS. This catabolism predominantly occurs in lysosomes to control the activity of CS-proteoglycans. CS chains are fragmented by endo-type glycosidase(s), and the resulting oligosaccharides are then cleaved into monosaccharide moieties from the nonreducing end by exoglycosidases and sulfatases. However, the endo-type glycosidase responsible for the systemic catabolism of CS has not yet been identified. Based on recent advances in studies on hyaluronidases, which were previously considered to be hyaluronan-degrading enzymes, it appears that they recognize CS as their original substrate rather than hyaluronan and acquired hyaluronan-hydrolyzing activity at a relatively late stage of evolution.
Collapse
|
26
|
Miyata S, Kitagawa H. Mechanisms for modulation of neural plasticity and axon regeneration by chondroitin sulphate. J Biochem 2014; 157:13-22. [PMID: 25381371 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvu067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Chondroitin sulphate proteoglycans (CSPGs), consisting of core proteins linked to one or more chondroitin sulphate (CS) chains, are major extracellular matrix (ECM) components of the central nervous system (CNS). Multi-functionality of CSPGs can be explained by the diversity in structure of CS chains that undergo dynamic changes during development and under pathological conditions. CSPGs, together with other ECM components, form mesh-like structures called perineuronal nets around a subset of neurons. Enzymatic digestion or genetic manipulation of CSPGs reactivates neural plasticity in the adult brain and improves regeneration of damaged axons after CNS injury. Recent studies have shown that CSPGs not only act as non-specific physical barriers that prevent rearrangement of synaptic connections but also regulate neural plasticity through specific interaction of CS chains with its binding partners in a manner that depends on the structure of the CS chain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Miyata
- Department of Biochemistry, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Kobe 658-8558, Japan; and Institute for Advanced Research, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan Department of Biochemistry, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Kobe 658-8558, Japan; and Institute for Advanced Research, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kitagawa
- Department of Biochemistry, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Kobe 658-8558, Japan; and Institute for Advanced Research, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
|
28
|
|
29
|
Mikami T, Kitagawa H. Biosynthesis and function of chondroitin sulfate. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2013; 1830:4719-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2013.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 234] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Revised: 06/03/2013] [Accepted: 06/06/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
30
|
Hunt LC, Gorman C, Kintakas C, McCulloch DR, Mackie EJ, White JD. Hyaluronan synthesis and myogenesis: a requirement for hyaluronan synthesis during myogenic differentiation independent of pericellular matrix formation. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:13006-21. [PMID: 23493399 PMCID: PMC3642344 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.453209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2013] [Revised: 03/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Exogenous hyaluronan is known to alter muscle precursor cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation, ultimately inhibiting myogenesis in vitro. The aim of the current study was to investigate the role of endogenous hyaluronan synthesis during myogenesis. In quantitative PCR studies, the genes responsible for synthesizing hyaluronan were found to be differentially regulated during muscle growth, repair, and pathology. Although all Has genes (Has1, Has2, and Has3) were differentially regulated in these models, only Has2 gene expression consistently associated with myogenic differentiation. During myogenic differentiation in vitro, Has2 was the most highly expressed of the synthases and increased after induction of differentiation. To test whether this association between Has2 expression and myogenesis relates to a role for Has2 in myoblast differentiation and fusion, C2C12 myoblasts were depleted of Has2 by siRNA and induced to differentiate. Depletion of Has2 inhibited differentiation and caused a loss of cell-associated hyaluronan and the hyaluronan-dependent pericellular matrix. The inhibition of differentiation caused by loss of hyaluronan was confirmed with the hyaluronan synthesis inhibitor 4-methylumbelliferone. In hyaluronan synthesis-blocked cultures, restoration of the pericellular matrix could be achieved through the addition of exogenous hyaluronan and the proteoglycan versican, but this was not sufficient to restore differentiation to control levels. These data indicate that intrinsic hyaluronan synthesis is necessary for myoblasts to differentiate and form syncytial muscle cells, but the hyaluronan-dependent pericellular matrix is not sufficient to support differentiation alone; additional hyaluronan-dependent cell functions that are yet unknown may be required for myogenic differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liam C. Hunt
- From the Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Chris Gorman
- From the Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- the School of Veterinary Science, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Christopher Kintakas
- From the Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- the School of Medicine, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3216, Australia, and
| | - Daniel R. McCulloch
- the School of Medicine, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3216, Australia, and
| | - Eleanor J. Mackie
- the School of Veterinary Science, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Jason D. White
- From the Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- the School of Veterinary Science, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| |
Collapse
|