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Zhang J, Cheng S, Xie S, Xie Z, Zhang H, Wang F, Gao K, Jiang W. Significance of leukocyte-specific transcript 1 levels in nasal mucosal tissue to predict recurrence of nasal polyps. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol 2022; 89:321-328. [PMID: 36754676 PMCID: PMC10071535 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjorl.2022.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Polyps (CRSwNP) is characterized by high heterogeneity and postoperative recurrence rate. This study aims to explore the clinical significance of tissue Leukocyte-Specific Transcript 1 (LST1) in predicting CRSwNP recurrence. METHODS We enrolled 62 CRSwNP patients including 30 primary CRSwNP and 32 recurrent CRSwNP patients, and 40 Healthy Controls (HC). Tissue samples were collected. Tissue LST1 expression was assessed by Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR), Western Blotting (WB) and Immunofluorescence (IF) staining. The predictive values of LST1 expression for CRSwNP postoperative recurrence were assessed through the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves. RESULTS The tissue levels of LST1 were significantly increased in the CRSwNP group than the HC group, especially in the recurrent group, and the elevated LST1 mRNA levels were positively correlated with the peripheral eosinophil percentages, tissue eosinophil counts and percentages. IF staining results showed that the LST1 protein levels were higher in CRSwNP patients, especially in the recurrent patients than in the HC group. ROC curves highlighted that tissue LST1 levels were associated with recurrent CRSwNP and exhibited a higher predictive ability for postoperative CRSwNP recurrence. CONCLUSION This was the first report suggesting that LST1 expression was upregulated and associated with mucosal eosinophil infiltration and CRSwNP recurrence. Tissue LST1 could be a promising biomarker for predicting postoperative recurrence in CRwNP patients. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level 5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyi Zhang
- Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shenghao Cheng
- Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shaobing Xie
- Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Changsha, Hunan, China; Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology Critical Diseases, Changsha, Hunan, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhihai Xie
- Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Changsha, Hunan, China; Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology Critical Diseases, Changsha, Hunan, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Changsha, Hunan, China; Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology Critical Diseases, Changsha, Hunan, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Fengjun Wang
- Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Changsha, Hunan, China; Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology Critical Diseases, Changsha, Hunan, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Kelei Gao
- Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Weihong Jiang
- Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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2
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Curson JE, Luo L, Liu L, Burgess BJ, Bokil NJ, Wall AA, Brdicka T, Kapetanovic R, Stow JL, Sweet MJ. An alternative downstream translation start site in the non-TIR adaptor Scimp enables selective amplification of CpG DNA responses in mouse macrophages. Immunol Cell Biol 2022; 100:267-284. [PMID: 35201640 PMCID: PMC9544816 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling relies on Toll/interleukin-1 receptor homology (TIR) domain-containing adaptor proteins that recruit downstream signaling molecules to generate tailored immune responses. In addition, the palmitoylated transmembrane adaptor protein family member Scimp acts as a non-TIR-containing adaptor protein in macrophages, scaffolding the Src family kinase Lyn to enable TLR phosphorylation and proinflammatory signaling responses. Here we report the existence of a smaller, naturally occurring translational variant of Scimp (Scimp TV1), which is generated through leaky scanning and translation at a downstream methionine. Scimp TV1 also scaffolds Lyn, but in contrast to full-length Scimp, it is basally rather than lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-inducibly phosphorylated. Macrophages from mice that selectively express Scimp TV1, but not full-length Scimp, have impaired sustained LPS-inducible cytokine responses. Furthermore, in granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor-derived myeloid cells that express high levels of Scimp, selective overexpression of Scimp TV1 enhances CpG DNA-inducible cytokine production. Unlike full-length Scimp that localizes to the cell surface and filopodia, Scimp TV1 accumulates in intracellular compartments, particularly the Golgi. Moreover, this variant of Scimp is not inducibly phosphorylated in response to CpG DNA, suggesting that it may act via an indirect mechanism to enhance TLR9 responses. Our findings thus reveal the use of alternative translation start sites as a previously unrecognized mechanism for diversifying TLR responses in the innate immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Eb Curson
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB), IMB Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, and Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Lin Luo
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB), IMB Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, and Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Liping Liu
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB), IMB Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, and Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Belinda J Burgess
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB), IMB Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, and Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Nilesh J Bokil
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB), IMB Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, and Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Adam A Wall
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB), IMB Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, and Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Tomas Brdicka
- Laboratory of Leukocyte Signaling, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ronan Kapetanovic
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB), IMB Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, and Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jennifer L Stow
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB), IMB Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, and Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Matthew J Sweet
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB), IMB Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, and Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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3
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Davis AG, Johnson DT, Zheng D, Wang R, Jayne ND, Liu M, Shin J, Wang L, Stoner SA, Zhou JH, Ball ED, Tian B, Zhang DE. Alternative polyadenylation dysregulation contributes to the differentiation block of acute myeloid leukemia. Blood 2022; 139:424-438. [PMID: 34482400 PMCID: PMC8777198 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2020005693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Posttranscriptional regulation has emerged as a driver for leukemia development and an avenue for therapeutic targeting. Among posttranscriptional processes, alternative polyadenylation (APA) is globally dysregulated across cancer types. However, limited studies have focused on the prevalence and role of APA in myeloid leukemia. Furthermore, it is poorly understood how altered poly(A) site usage of individual genes contributes to malignancy or whether targeting global APA patterns might alter oncogenic potential. In this study, we examined global APA dysregulation in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) by performing 3' region extraction and deep sequencing (3'READS) on a subset of AML patient samples along with healthy hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) and by analyzing publicly available data from a broad AML patient cohort. We show that patient cells exhibit global 3' untranslated region (UTR) shortening and coding sequence lengthening due to differences in poly(A) site (PAS) usage. Among APA regulators, expression of FIP1L1, one of the core cleavage and polyadenylation factors, correlated with the degree of APA dysregulation in our 3'READS data set. Targeting global APA by FIP1L1 knockdown reversed the global trends seen in patients. Importantly, FIP1L1 knockdown induced differentiation of t(8;21) cells by promoting 3'UTR lengthening and downregulation of the fusion oncoprotein AML1-ETO. In non-t(8;21) cells, FIP1L1 knockdown also promoted differentiation by attenuating mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling and reducing MYC protein levels. Our study provides mechanistic insights into the role of APA in AML pathogenesis and indicates that targeting global APA patterns can overcome the differentiation block in patients with AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda G Davis
- Moores Cancer Center and
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Daniel T Johnson
- Moores Cancer Center and
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Dinghai Zheng
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ
| | - Ruijia Wang
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ
| | - Nathan D Jayne
- Moores Cancer Center and
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Mengdan Liu
- Moores Cancer Center and
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Jihae Shin
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ
| | - Luyang Wang
- Program in Gene Expression and Regulation, Center for Systems and Computational Biology, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | - Jie-Hua Zhou
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Medicine; and
| | - Edward D Ball
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Medicine; and
| | - Bin Tian
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ
- Program in Gene Expression and Regulation, Center for Systems and Computational Biology, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Dong-Er Zhang
- Moores Cancer Center and
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
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4
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Bengtsen M, Winje IM, Eftestøl E, Landskron J, Sun C, Nygård K, Domanska D, Millay DP, Meza-Zepeda LA, Gundersen K. Comparing the epigenetic landscape in myonuclei purified with a PCM1 antibody from a fast/glycolytic and a slow/oxidative muscle. PLoS Genet 2021; 17:e1009907. [PMID: 34752468 PMCID: PMC8604348 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Muscle cells have different phenotypes adapted to different usage, and can be grossly divided into fast/glycolytic and slow/oxidative types. While most muscles contain a mixture of such fiber types, we aimed at providing a genome-wide analysis of the epigenetic landscape by ChIP-Seq in two muscle extremes, the fast/glycolytic extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and slow/oxidative soleus muscles. Muscle is a heterogeneous tissue where up to 60% of the nuclei can be of a different origin. Since cellular homogeneity is critical in epigenome-wide association studies we developed a new method for purifying skeletal muscle nuclei from whole tissue, based on the nuclear envelope protein Pericentriolar material 1 (PCM1) being a specific marker for myonuclei. Using antibody labelling and a magnetic-assisted sorting approach, we were able to sort out myonuclei with 95% purity in muscles from mice, rats and humans. The sorting eliminated influence from the other cell types in the tissue and improved the myo-specific signal. A genome-wide comparison of the epigenetic landscape in EDL and soleus reflected the differences in the functional properties of the two muscles, and revealed distinct regulatory programs involving distal enhancers, including a glycolytic super-enhancer in the EDL. The two muscles were also regulated by different sets of transcription factors; e.g. in soleus, binding sites for MEF2C, NFATC2 and PPARA were enriched, while in EDL MYOD1 and SIX1 binding sites were found to be overrepresented. In addition, more novel transcription factors for muscle regulation such as members of the MAF family, ZFX and ZBTB14 were identified. Complex tissues like skeletal muscle contain a variety of cells which confound the analysis of each cell type when based on homogenates, thus only about half of the cell nuclei in muscles reside inside the muscle cells. We here describe a labelling and sorting technique that allowed us to study the epigenetic landscape in purified muscle cell nuclei leaving the other cell types out. Differences between a fast/glycolytic and a slow/oxidative muscle were studied. While all skeletal muscle fibers have a similar make up and basic function, they differ in their physiology and the way they are used. Thus, some fibers are fast contracting but fatigable, and are used for short lasting explosive tasks such as sprinting. Other fibers are slow and are used for more prolonged tasks such as standing or long distance running. Since fiber type correlate with metabolic profile these features can also be related to metabolic diseases. We here show that the epigenetic landscape differed in gene loci corresponding to the differences in functional properties, and revealed that the two types are enriched in different gene regulatory networks. Exercise can alter muscle phenotype, and the epigenetic landscape might be related to how plastic different properties are.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mads Bengtsen
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Einar Eftestøl
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | | | - Chengyi Sun
- Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Kamilla Nygård
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Diana Domanska
- Department of Pathology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Douglas P. Millay
- Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Leonardo A. Meza-Zepeda
- Department of Core Facilities, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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5
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Fabisik M, Tureckova J, Pavliuchenko N, Kralova J, Balounova J, Vicikova K, Skopcova T, Spoutil F, Pokorna J, Angelisova P, Malissen B, Prochazka J, Sedlacek R, Brdicka T. Regulation of Inflammatory Response by Transmembrane Adaptor Protein LST1. Front Immunol 2021; 12:618332. [PMID: 33986741 PMCID: PMC8111073 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.618332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
LST1 is a small adaptor protein expressed in leukocytes of myeloid lineage. Due to the binding to protein tyrosine phosphatases SHP1 and SHP2 it was thought to have negative regulatory function in leukocyte signaling. It was also shown to be involved in cytoskeleton regulation and generation of tunneling nanotubes. LST1 gene is located in MHCIII locus close to many immunologically relevant genes. In addition, its expression increases under inflammatory conditions such as viral infection, rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease and its deficiency was shown to result in slightly increased sensitivity to influenza infection in mice. However, little else is known about its role in the immune system homeostasis and immune response. Here we show that similar to humans, LST1 is expressed in mice in the cells of the myeloid lineage. In vivo, its deficiency results in alterations in multiple leukocyte subset abundance in steady state and under inflammatory conditions. Moreover, LST1-deficient mice show significant level of resistance to dextran sodium sulphate (DSS) induced acute colitis, a model of inflammatory bowel disease. These data demonstrate that LST1 regulates leukocyte abundance in lymphoid organs and inflammatory response in the gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matej Fabisik
- Laboratory of Leukocyte Signalling, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia.,Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Jolana Tureckova
- Laboratory of Transgenic Models of Diseases, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vestec, Czechia.,Czech Centre for Phenogenomics, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vestec, Czechia
| | - Nataliia Pavliuchenko
- Laboratory of Leukocyte Signalling, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia.,Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Jarmila Kralova
- Laboratory of Leukocyte Signalling, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Jana Balounova
- Czech Centre for Phenogenomics, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vestec, Czechia
| | - Kristina Vicikova
- Czech Centre for Phenogenomics, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vestec, Czechia
| | - Tereza Skopcova
- Laboratory of Leukocyte Signalling, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Frantisek Spoutil
- Czech Centre for Phenogenomics, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vestec, Czechia
| | - Jana Pokorna
- Laboratory of Leukocyte Signalling, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Pavla Angelisova
- Laboratory of Leukocyte Signalling, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Bernard Malissen
- Centre d'Immunophénomique, Aix Marseille Université, INSERM, CNRS, Marseille, France
| | - Jan Prochazka
- Laboratory of Transgenic Models of Diseases, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vestec, Czechia.,Czech Centre for Phenogenomics, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vestec, Czechia
| | - Radislav Sedlacek
- Laboratory of Transgenic Models of Diseases, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vestec, Czechia.,Czech Centre for Phenogenomics, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vestec, Czechia
| | - Tomas Brdicka
- Laboratory of Leukocyte Signalling, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
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6
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Comprehensive multi-omics analysis of G6PC3 deficiency-related congenital neutropenia with inflammatory bowel disease. iScience 2021; 24:102214. [PMID: 33748703 PMCID: PMC7960940 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Autosomal recessive mutations in G6PC3 cause isolated and syndromic congenital neutropenia which includes congenital heart disease and atypical inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In a highly consanguineous pedigree with novel mutations in G6PC3 and MPL, we performed comprehensive multi-omics analyses. Structural analysis of variant G6PC3 and MPL proteins suggests a damaging effect. A distinct molecular cytokine profile (cytokinome) in the affected proband with IBD was detected. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based proteomics analysis of the G6PC3-deficient plasma samples identified 460 distinct proteins including 75 upregulated and 73 downregulated proteins. Specifically, the transcription factor GATA4 and LST1 were downregulated while platelet factor 4 (PF4) was upregulated. GATA4 and PF4 have been linked to congenital heart disease and IBD respectively, while LST1 may have perturbed a variety of essential cell functions as it is required for normal cell-cell communication. Together, these studies provide potentially novel insights into the pathogenesis of syndromic congenital G6PC3 deficiency. Multi-omics approaches identify unique signatures Whole-exome sequencing reveals distinct cytokine profiles Expression of GATA4, PF4, and LST1 is dysregulated
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7
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Bapat A, Keita N, Martelly W, Kang P, Seet C, Jacobsen JR, Stoilov P, Hu C, Crooks GM, Sharma S. Myeloid Disease Mutations of Splicing Factor SRSF2 Cause G2-M Arrest and Skewed Differentiation of Human Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells. Stem Cells 2018; 36:1663-1675. [PMID: 30004607 PMCID: PMC6283046 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 06/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Myeloid malignancies, including myelodysplastic syndromes, chronic myelomonocytic leukemia, and acute myeloid leukemia, are characterized by abnormal proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). Reports on analysis of bone marrow samples from patients have revealed a high incidence of mutations in splicing factors in early stem and progenitor cell clones, but the mechanisms underlying transformation of HSPCs harboring these mutations remain unknown. Using ex vivo cultures of primary human CD34+ cells as a model, we find that mutations in splicing factors SRSF2 and U2AF1 exert distinct effects on proliferation and differentiation of HSPCs. SRSF2 mutations cause a dramatic inhibition of proliferation via a G2-M phase arrest and induction of apoptosis. U2AF1 mutations, conversely, do not significantly affect proliferation. Mutations in both SRSF2 and U2AF1 cause abnormal differentiation by skewing granulo-monocytic differentiation toward monocytes but elicit diverse effects on megakaryo-erythroid differentiation. The SRSF2 mutations skew differentiation toward megakaryocytes whereas U2AF1 mutations cause an increase in the erythroid cell populations. These distinct functional consequences indicate that SRSF2 and U2AF1 mutations have cell context-specific effects and that the generation of myeloid disease phenotype by mutations in the genes coding these two proteins likely involves different intracellular mechanisms. Stem Cells 2018;36:1663-1675.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Bapat
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine—PhoenixUniversity of ArizonaPhoenixArizonaUSA
| | - Nakia Keita
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine—PhoenixUniversity of ArizonaPhoenixArizonaUSA
| | - William Martelly
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine—PhoenixUniversity of ArizonaPhoenixArizonaUSA
| | - Paul Kang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health—PhoenixUniversity of ArizonaPhoenixArizonaUSA
| | - Christopher Seet
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of MedicineUniversity of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Jeffery R. Jacobsen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicinePhoenix Children's HospitalPhoenixArizonaUSA
| | - Peter Stoilov
- Department of Biochemistry, School of MedicineWest Virginia UniversityMorgantownWest VirginiaUSA
| | - Chengcheng Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health—PhoenixUniversity of ArizonaPhoenixArizonaUSA
| | - Gay M. Crooks
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of MedicineUniversity of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Shalini Sharma
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine—PhoenixUniversity of ArizonaPhoenixArizonaUSA
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8
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Weidle UH, Rohwedder I, Birzele F, Weiss EH, Schiller C. LST1: A multifunctional gene encoded in the MHC class III region. Immunobiology 2018; 223:699-708. [PMID: 30055863 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2018.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The LST1 gene is located in the MHC class III cluster between the MHC class I and II regions. While most genes in this cluster have been sufficiently characterised, a definitive function and expression pattern for LST1 still remains elusive. In the present review we describe its promotor, gene organisation, splice variants and expression in human tissues, cell lines and cancer. We focus on LST1 expression in inflammation and discuss known correlations with autoimmune diseases and cancer. Current data on LST1 polymorphisms and their known associations with pathologies are also discussed in detail. We summarize the potential functions that have been described for the full-length LST1 protein including its function as a transmembrane adaptor protein with inhibitory signal transduction and its role as a membrane scaffold facilitating the formation of tunnelling nanotubes. We also discuss further potential functions by compiling all known LST1-interacting proteins. Furthermore, we address knowledge gaps and conflictive issues regarding disease association, non-hematopoietic expression and the discrepancy between RNA and protein expression data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich H Weidle
- Zentrum Seniorenstudium, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Hohenstaufenstrasse 1, 80801 München, Germany
| | - Ina Rohwedder
- Department of Biology II, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Grosshadernerstrasse 2, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Fabian Birzele
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center, Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4052 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Elisabeth H Weiss
- Zentrum Seniorenstudium, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Hohenstaufenstrasse 1, 80801 München, Germany; Department of Biology II, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Grosshadernerstrasse 2, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Christian Schiller
- Department of Biology II, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Grosshadernerstrasse 2, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany.
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9
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Curson JEB, Luo L, Sweet MJ, Stow JL. pTRAPs: Transmembrane adaptors in innate immune signaling. J Leukoc Biol 2018; 103:1011-1019. [PMID: 29601097 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.2ri1117-474r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Transmembrane adaptor proteins (TRAPs) are protein scaffolds and signaling regulators with established roles in signal-induced activation of lymphocytes. A subset of the TRAP family, the palmitoylated TRAPs (pTRAPs), are increasingly emerging with additional roles in innate immune cells. Targeted to lipid rafts, tetraspannin-enriched microdomains, and protein microclusters in membranes, pTRAP scaffolds exert spatiotemporal regulation by recruiting signaling kinases, particularly Src and Syk family members, as well as Csk, and other effectors. In this way, pTRAPs modulate signaling and influence resulting cell responses, including the selective output of inflammatory cytokines and other mediators. Here, we review studies revealing that different pTRAPs work together, often with overlapping or redundant roles, for positive and negative regulation of key innate immune pathways, including Fc receptor and pattern recognition receptor signaling. Recent findings show that pTRAPs can bind directly to innate immune receptors, in addition to other transmembrane binding partners. Thus, pTRAPs are important, multifunctional scaffolds in pathways that are fundamental to diverse innate immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- James E B Curson
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB), IMB Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research and Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Lin Luo
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB), IMB Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research and Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Matthew J Sweet
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB), IMB Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research and Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jennifer L Stow
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB), IMB Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research and Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Yau AC, Tuncel J, Holmdahl R. The Major Histocompatibility Complex Class III Haplotype Ltab-Ncr3 Regulates Adjuvant-Induced but Not Antigen-Induced Autoimmunity. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2017; 187:987-998. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2016.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Revised: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Halova I, Draber P. Tetraspanins and Transmembrane Adaptor Proteins As Plasma Membrane Organizers-Mast Cell Case. Front Cell Dev Biol 2016; 4:43. [PMID: 27243007 PMCID: PMC4861716 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2016.00043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The plasma membrane contains diverse and specialized membrane domains, which include tetraspanin-enriched domains (TEMs) and transmembrane adaptor protein (TRAP)-enriched domains. Recent biophysical, microscopic, and functional studies indicated that TEMs and TRAP-enriched domains are involved in compartmentalization of physicochemical events of such important processes as immunoreceptor signal transduction and chemotaxis. Moreover, there is evidence of a cross-talk between TEMs and TRAP-enriched domains. In this review we discuss the presence and function of such domains and their crosstalk using mast cells as a model. The combined data based on analysis of selected mast cell-expressed tetraspanins [cluster of differentiation (CD)9, CD53, CD63, CD81, CD151)] or TRAPs [linker for activation of T cells (LAT), non-T cell activation linker (NTAL), and phosphoprotein associated with glycosphingolipid-enriched membrane microdomains (PAG)] using knockout mice or specific antibodies point to a diversity within these two families and bring evidence of the important roles of these molecules in signaling events. An example of this diversity is physical separation of two TRAPs, LAT and NTAL, which are in many aspects similar but show plasma membrane location in different microdomains in both non-activated and activated cells. Although our understanding of TEMs and TRAP-enriched domains is far from complete, pharmaceutical applications of the knowledge about these domains are under way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Halova
- Department of Signal Transduction, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Draber
- Department of Signal Transduction, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic Prague, Czech Republic
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Amin R, Marfak A, Pangault C, Oblet C, Chanut A, Tarte K, Denizot Y, Cogné M. The class-specific BCR tonic signal modulates lymphomagenesis in a c-myc deregulation transgenic model. Oncotarget 2015; 5:8995-9006. [PMID: 25229630 PMCID: PMC4253413 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Deregulation of c-myc by translocation onto immunoglobulin (Ig) loci can promote B cell malignant proliferations with phenotypes as diverse as acute lymphoid leukemia, Burkitt lymphoma, diffuse large B cell lymphoma, myeloma… The B cell receptor (BCR) normally providing tonic signals for cell survival and mitogenic responses to antigens, can also contribute to lymphomagenesis upon sustained ligand binding or activating mutations. BCR signaling varies among cell compartments and BCR classes. For unknown reasons, some malignancies associate with expression of either IgM or class-switched Ig. We explored whether an IgA BCR, with strong tonic signaling, would affect lymphomagenesis in c-myc IgH 3′RR transgenic mice prone to lymphoproliferations. Breeding c-myc transgenics in a background where IgM expression was replaced with IgA delayed lymphomagenesis. By comparison to single c-myc transgenics, lymphomas from double mutant animals were more differentiated and less aggressive, with an altered transcriptional program. Larger tumor cells more often expressed CD43 and CD138, which culminated in a plasma cell phenotype in 10% of cases. BCR class-specific signals thus appear to modulate lymphomagenesis and may partly explain the observed association of specific Ig classes with human B cell malignancies of differential phenotype, progression and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rada Amin
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Limoges, France. Université de Limoges, Limoges, France. INSERM UMR U917, Rennes, France
| | | | | | - Christelle Oblet
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Limoges, France. Université de Limoges, Limoges, France
| | - Aurélie Chanut
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Limoges, France. Université de Limoges, Limoges, France
| | | | - Yves Denizot
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Limoges, France. Université de Limoges, Limoges, France
| | - Michel Cogné
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Limoges, France. Université de Limoges, Limoges, France
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Orentas RJ, Nordlund J, He J, Sindiri S, Mackall C, Fry TJ, Khan J. Bioinformatic description of immunotherapy targets for pediatric T-cell leukemia and the impact of normal gene sets used for comparison. Front Oncol 2014; 4:134. [PMID: 24959420 PMCID: PMC4050364 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2014.00134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pediatric lymphoid leukemia has the highest cure rate of all pediatric malignancies, yet due to its prevalence, still accounts for the majority of childhood cancer deaths and requires long-term highly toxic therapy. The ability to target B-cell ALL with immunoglobulin-like binders, whether anti-CD22 antibody or anti-CD19 CAR-Ts, has impacted treatment options for some patients. The development of new ways to target B-cell antigens continues at rapid pace. T-cell ALL accounts for up to 20% of childhood leukemia but has yet to see a set of high-value immunotherapeutic targets identified. To find new targets for T-ALL immunotherapy, we employed a bioinformatic comparison to broad normal tissue arrays, hematopoietic stem cells (HSC), and mature lymphocytes, then filtered the results for transcripts encoding plasma membrane proteins. T-ALL bears a core T-cell signature and transcripts encoding TCR/CD3 components and canonical markers of T-cell development predominate, especially when comparison was made to normal tissue or HSC. However, when comparison to mature lymphocytes was also undertaken, we identified two antigens that may drive, or be associated with leukemogenesis; TALLA-1 and hedgehog interacting protein. In addition, TCR subfamilies, CD1, activation and adhesion markers, membrane-organizing molecules, and receptors linked to metabolism and inflammation were also identified. Of these, only CD52, CD37, and CD98 are currently being targeted clinically. This work provides a set of targets to be considered for future development of immunotherapies for T-ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rimas J Orentas
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD , USA
| | - Jessica Nordlund
- Molecular Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University , Uppsala , Sweden
| | - Jianbin He
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD , USA
| | - Sivasish Sindiri
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD , USA
| | - Crystal Mackall
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD , USA
| | - Terry J Fry
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD , USA
| | - Javed Khan
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD , USA
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Horejsi V, Hrdinka M. Membrane microdomains in immunoreceptor signaling. FEBS Lett 2014; 588:2392-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2014.05.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Revised: 05/26/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Schiller C, Nowak C, Diakopoulos KN, Weidle UH, Weiss EH. An upstream open reading frame regulates LST1 expression during monocyte differentiation. PLoS One 2014; 9:e96245. [PMID: 24816991 PMCID: PMC4015914 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2013] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The regulation of gene expression depends on the interplay of multiple factors at the transcriptional and translational level. Upstream open reading frames (uORFs) play an important role as translational repressors of main ORFs and their presence or usage in transcripts can be regulated by different mechanisms. The main objective of the present study was to assess whether uORFs regulate the expression of the MHC class III gene LST1. We report that expression of LST1 is tightly regulated by alternative transcription initiation and the presence of an uORF in the 5′-UTR of transcripts. Specifically, using EGFP reporter constructs in human HeLa and HEK-293T cells and flow cytometry as well as western blot analysis we found the uORF to reduce the expression of the main ORF by roughly two-thirds. Furthermore, we were able to correlate a previously detected increase in LST1 protein expression during monocyte differentiation with an increase of transcription initiation at an alternative exon that does not contain an uORF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Schiller
- Department of Biology II, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Germany
| | - Carina Nowak
- Department of Biology II, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Germany
| | | | | | - Elisabeth H. Weiss
- Department of Biology II, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Heidemann J, Kebschull M, Tepasse PR, Bettenworth D. Regulated expression of leukocyte-specific transcript (LST) 1 in human intestinal inflammation. Inflamm Res 2014; 63:513-7. [PMID: 24682411 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-014-0732-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2013] [Revised: 03/09/2014] [Accepted: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Leukocyte-specific transcript 1 (LST1) encoded peptides are involved in immunomodulation and nanotube-mediated cell-cell communication. The aim of this study was to assess the expression of LST1 in colonic epithelium and endothelium during intestinal inflammation. METHODS LST1 expression was evaluated by RT-PCR, FACS, western blot analysis, and immunohistochemistry in intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cells, human intestinal microvascular endothelial cells and in human histological specimens from inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients and non-IBD colitis patients. RESULTS LST1 expression was significantly increased upon proinflammatory stimulation in intestinal epithelial and endothelial cells. Furthermore, LST1 tissue expression was significantly enhanced in macroscopically inflamed colonic mucosal biopsies as compared to non-affected mucosal areas. CONCLUSIONS This is the first report demonstrating regulated LST1 expression in human intestinal epithelial and microvascular endothelial cells and in inflamed colonic tissue from IBD patients. Proinflammatory expression of LST1 occurs in the setting of human IBD and is not restricted to immune cell populations. Future studies are needed to further elucidate the role of soluble and membrane-expressed LST1 in the regulation of mucosal intestinal immunity and inflammation as well as to reveal possible therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Heidemann
- Department of Internal Medicine B, University of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, 48149, Münster, Germany
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Palmitoylated transmembrane adaptor proteins in leukocyte signaling. Cell Signal 2014; 26:895-902. [PMID: 24440308 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2014.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2013] [Revised: 01/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Transmembrane adaptor proteins (TRAPs) are structurally related proteins that have no enzymatic function, but enable inducible recruitment of effector molecules to the plasma membrane, usually in a phosphorylation dependent manner. Numerous surface receptors employ TRAPs for either propagation or negative regulation of the signal transduction. Several TRAPs (LAT, NTAL, PAG, LIME, PRR7, SCIMP, LST1/A, and putatively GAPT) are known to be palmitoylated that could facilitate their localization in lipid rafts or tetraspanin enriched microdomains. This review summarizes expression patterns, binding partners, signaling pathways, and biological functions of particular palmitoylated TRAPs with an emphasis on the three most recently discovered members, PRR7, SCIMP, and LST1/A. Moreover, we discuss in silico methodology used for discovery of new family members, nature of their binding partners, and microdomain localization.
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Schiller C, Diakopoulos KN, Rohwedder I, Kremmer E, von Toerne C, Ueffing M, Weidle UH, Ohno H, Weiss EH. LST1 promotes the assembly of a molecular machinery responsible for tunneling nanotube formation. J Cell Sci 2012; 126:767-77. [PMID: 23239025 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.114033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Carefully orchestrated intercellular communication is an essential prerequisite for the development of multicellular organisms. In recent years, tunneling nanotubes (TNT) have emerged as a novel and widespread mechanism of cell-cell communication. However, the molecular basis of their formation is still poorly understood. In the present study we report that the transmembrane MHC class III protein leukocyte specific transcript 1 (LST1) induces the formation of functional nanotubes and is required for endogenous nanotube generation. Mechanistically, we found that LST1 induces nanotube formation by recruiting the small GTPase RalA to the plasma membrane and promoting its interaction with the exocyst complex. Furthermore, we determined that LST1 recruits the actin-crosslinking protein filamin to the plasma membrane and interacts with M-Sec, myosin and myoferlin. These results allow us to suggest a molecular model for nanotube generation. In this proposal LST1 functions as a membrane scaffold mediating the assembly of a multimolecular complex, which controls the formation of functional nanotubes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Schiller
- Department of Biology II, Ludwigs-Maximilians-Universität München, Großhadernerstr. 2, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
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