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Wang F, Yin XS, Lu J, Cen C, Wang Y. Phosphorylation-dependent positive feedback on the oxytocin receptor through the kinase PKD1 contributes to long-term social memory. Sci Signal 2022; 15:eabd0033. [PMID: 35104164 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.abd0033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Social memory enables one to recognize and distinguish specific individuals. It is fundamental to social behaviors that can be mediated by the oxytocin receptor (OXTR), such as forming relationships. We investigated the molecular regulation and function of OXTR in animal behavior involving social memory. We found that Ser261 in OXTR was phosphorylated by protein kinase D1 (PKD1). Neuronal Ca2+ signaling and behavior analyses revealed that rats expressing a mutated form of OXTR that cannot be phosphorylated at this residue (OXTR S261A) in the medial amygdala (MeA) exhibited impaired long-term social memory (LTSM). Blocking the phosphorylation of wild-type OXTR in the MeA using an interfering peptide in rats or through conditional knockout of Pkd1 in mice reduced social memory retention, whereas expression of a phosphomimetic mutant of OXTR rescued it. In HEK293A cells, the PKD1-mediated phosphorylation of OXTR promoted its binding to Gq protein and, in turn, OXTR-mediated phosphorylation of PKD1, indicating a positive feedback loop. In addition, OXTR with a single-nucleotide polymorphism found in humans (rs200362197), which has a mutation in the conserved recognition region in the PKD1 phosphorylation site, showed impaired activation and signaling in vitro and in HEK293A cells similar to that of the S216A mutant. Our findings describe a phosphoregulatory loop for OXTR and its critical role in social behavior that might be further explored in associated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Neuroscience Research Institute; Key Lab for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education of China and National Health Commission and State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing 100083, China.,Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Xiang-Sha Yin
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Neuroscience Research Institute; Key Lab for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education of China and National Health Commission and State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jie Lu
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Neuroscience Research Institute; Key Lab for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education of China and National Health Commission and State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Cheng Cen
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Neuroscience Research Institute; Key Lab for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education of China and National Health Commission and State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yun Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Neuroscience Research Institute; Key Lab for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education of China and National Health Commission and State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing 100083, China.,PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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2
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Steinberg SF. Decoding the Cardiac Actions of Protein Kinase D Isoforms. Mol Pharmacol 2021; 100:558-567. [PMID: 34531296 DOI: 10.1124/molpharm.121.000341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein kinase D (PKD) consists of a family of three structurally related enzymes that play key roles in a wide range of biological functions that contribute to the evolution of cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure. PKD1 (the founding member of this enzyme family) has been implicated in the phosphorylation of substrates that regulate cardiac hypertrophy, contraction, and susceptibility to ischemia/reperfusion injury, and de novo PRKD1 (protein kinase D1 gene) mutations have been identified in patients with syndromic congenital heart disease. However, cardiomyocytes coexpress all three PKDs. Although stimulus-specific activation patterns for PKD1, PKD2, and PKD3 have been identified in cardiomyocytes, progress toward identifying PKD isoform-specific functions in the heart have been hampered by significant gaps in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms that regulate PKD activity. This review incorporates recent conceptual breakthroughs in our understanding of various alternative mechanisms for PKD activation, with an emphasis on recent evidence that PKDs activate certain effector responses as dimers, to consider the role of PKD isoforms in signaling pathways that drive cardiac hypertrophy and ischemia/reperfusion injury. The focus is on whether the recently identified activation mechanisms that enhance the signaling repertoire of PKD family enzymes provide novel therapeutic strategies to target PKD enzymes and prevent or slow the evolution of cardiac injury and pathological cardiac remodeling. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: PKD isoforms regulate a large number of fundamental biological processes, but the understanding of the biological actions of individual PKDs (based upon studies using adenoviral overexpression or gene-silencing methods) remains incomplete. This review focuses on dimerization, a recently identified mechanism for PKD activation, and the notion that this mechanism provides a strategy to develop novel PKD-targeted pharmaceuticals that restrict proliferation, invasion, or angiogenesis in cancer and prevent or slow the evolution of cardiac injury and pathological cardiac remodeling.
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Elsner DJ, Siess KM, Gossenreiter T, Hartl M, Leonard TA. A ubiquitin-like domain controls protein kinase D dimerization and activation by trans-autophosphorylation. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:14422-14441. [PMID: 31406020 PMCID: PMC6768651 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.008713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein kinase D (PKD) is an essential Ser/Thr kinase in animals and controls a variety of diverse cellular functions, including vesicle trafficking and mitogenesis. PKD is activated by recruitment to membranes containing the lipid second messenger diacylglycerol (DAG) and subsequent phosphorylation of its activation loop. Here, we report the crystal structure of the PKD N terminus at 2.2 Å resolution containing a previously unannotated ubiquitin-like domain (ULD), which serves as a dimerization domain. A single point mutation in the dimerization interface of the ULD not only abrogated dimerization in cells but also prevented PKD activation loop phosphorylation upon DAG production. We further show that the kinase domain of PKD dimerizes in a concentration-dependent manner and autophosphorylates on a single residue in its activation loop. We also provide evidence that PKD is expressed at concentrations 2 orders of magnitude below the ULD dissociation constant in mammalian cells. We therefore propose a new model for PKD activation in which the production of DAG leads to the local accumulation of PKD at the membrane, which drives ULD-mediated dimerization and subsequent trans-autophosphorylation of the kinase domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Elsner
- Department of Structural and Computational Biology, Max Perutz Labs, Campus Vienna Biocenter 5, 1030 Vienna, Austria.,Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Katharina M Siess
- Department of Structural and Computational Biology, Max Perutz Labs, Campus Vienna Biocenter 5, 1030 Vienna, Austria.,Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Gossenreiter
- Mass Spectrometry Facility, Max Perutz Labs, Dr. Bohr-Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Hartl
- Mass Spectrometry Facility, Max Perutz Labs, Dr. Bohr-Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria.,Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Max Perutz Labs, University of Vienna, Vienna Biocenter, Dr. Bohr-Gasse 9, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas A Leonard
- Department of Structural and Computational Biology, Max Perutz Labs, Campus Vienna Biocenter 5, 1030 Vienna, Austria .,Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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4
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Youssef I, Ricort JM. Deciphering the Role of Protein Kinase D1 (PKD1) in Cellular Proliferation. Mol Cancer Res 2019; 17:1961-1974. [PMID: 31311827 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-19-0125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Protein kinase D1 (PKD1) is a serine/threonine kinase that belongs to the calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase family, and is involved in multiple mechanisms implicated in tumor progression such as cell motility, invasion, proliferation, protein transport, and apoptosis. While it is expressed in most tissues in the normal state, PKD1 expression may increase or decrease during tumorigenesis, and its role in proliferation is context-dependent and poorly understood. In this review, we present and discuss the current landscape of studies investigating the role of PKD1 in the proliferation of both cancerous and normal cells. Indeed, as a potential therapeutic target, deciphering whether PKD1 exerts a pro- or antiproliferative effect, and under what conditions, is of paramount importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilige Youssef
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, CNRS UMR_8113, Laboratoire de Biologie et Pharmacologie Appliquée, Cachan, France.,École Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, Cachan, France
| | - Jean-Marc Ricort
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, CNRS UMR_8113, Laboratoire de Biologie et Pharmacologie Appliquée, Cachan, France. .,École Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, Cachan, France.,Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, USPC, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
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5
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Cobbaut M, Derua R, Parker PJ, Waelkens E, Janssens V, Van Lint J. Protein kinase D displays intrinsic Tyr autophosphorylation activity: insights into mechanism and regulation. FEBS Lett 2018; 592:2432-2443. [PMID: 29933512 PMCID: PMC6099456 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 05/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The protein kinase D (PKD) family is regulated through multi-site phosphorylation, including autophosphorylation. For example, PKD displays in vivo autophosphorylation on Ser-742 (and Ser-738 in vitro) in the activation loop and Ser-910 in the C-tail (hPKD1 numbering). In this paper, we describe the surprising observation that PKD also displays in vitro autocatalytic activity towards a Tyr residue in the P + 1 loop of the activation segment. We define the molecular determinants for this unusual activity and identify a Cys residue (C705 in PKD1) in the catalytic loop as of utmost importance. In cells, PKD Tyr autophosphorylation is suppressed through the association of an inhibitory factor. Our findings provide important novel insights into PKD (auto)regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Cobbaut
- Laboratory of Protein Phosphorylation and ProteomicsDepartment of Cellular and Molecular MedicineFaculty of MedicineKU LeuvenBelgium
- Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI)KU LeuvenBelgium
- Present address:
Protein Phosphorylation LabThe Francis Crick InstituteLondonUK
| | - Rita Derua
- Laboratory of Protein Phosphorylation and ProteomicsDepartment of Cellular and Molecular MedicineFaculty of MedicineKU LeuvenBelgium
| | - Peter J. Parker
- Protein Phosphorylation LabThe Francis Crick InstituteLondonUK
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical SciencesKing's College LondonUK
| | - Etienne Waelkens
- Laboratory of Protein Phosphorylation and ProteomicsDepartment of Cellular and Molecular MedicineFaculty of MedicineKU LeuvenBelgium
| | - Veerle Janssens
- Laboratory of Protein Phosphorylation and ProteomicsDepartment of Cellular and Molecular MedicineFaculty of MedicineKU LeuvenBelgium
- Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI)KU LeuvenBelgium
| | - Johan Van Lint
- Laboratory of Protein Phosphorylation and ProteomicsDepartment of Cellular and Molecular MedicineFaculty of MedicineKU LeuvenBelgium
- Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI)KU LeuvenBelgium
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6
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Function and Regulation of Protein Kinase D in Oxidative Stress: A Tale of Isoforms. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:2138502. [PMID: 29854077 PMCID: PMC5944262 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2138502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a condition that arises when cells are faced with levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that destabilize the homeostatic redox balance. High levels of ROS can cause damage to macromolecules including DNA, lipids, and proteins, eventually resulting in cell death. Moderate levels of ROS however serve as signaling molecules that can drive and potentiate several cellular phenotypes. Increased levels of ROS are associated with a number of diseases including neurological disorders and cancer. In cancer, increased ROS levels can contribute to cancer cell survival and proliferation via the activation of several signaling pathways. One of the downstream effectors of increased ROS is the protein kinase D (PKD) family of kinases. In this review, we will discuss the regulation and function of this family of ROS-activated kinases and describe their unique isoform-specific features, in terms of both kinase regulation and signaling output.
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7
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Li Z, Zhang C, Chen L, Li G, Qu L, Balaji K, Du C. E-Cadherin Facilitates Protein Kinase D1 Activation and Subcellular Localization. J Cell Physiol 2016; 231:2741-8. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University; Shenyang China
- Department of Surgery; University of Massachusetts Medical School; Worcester Massachusetts
| | - Chuanyou Zhang
- Department of Surgery; University of Massachusetts Medical School; Worcester Massachusetts
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Surgery; University of Massachusetts Medical School; Worcester Massachusetts
| | - Guosheng Li
- Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Jinan China
| | - Ling Qu
- Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Jinan China
| | - K.C. Balaji
- Department of Urology and Institute of Regenerative Medicine; Wake Forest University; Winston-Salem North Carolina
| | - Cheng Du
- Department of Surgery; University of Massachusetts Medical School; Worcester Massachusetts
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