1
|
Chen W, Amir MB, Liao Y, Yu H, He W, Lu Z. New Insights into the Plutella xylostella Detoxifying Enzymes: Sequence Evolution, Structural Similarity, Functional Diversity, and Application Prospects of Glucosinolate Sulfatases. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:10952-10969. [PMID: 37462091 PMCID: PMC10375594 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c03246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Brassica plants have glucosinolate (GLs)-myrosinase defense mechanisms to deter herbivores. However, Plutella xylostella specifically feeds on Brassica vegetables. The larvae possess three glucosinolate sulfatases (PxGSS1-3) that compete with plant myrosinase for shared GLs substrates and produce nontoxic desulfo-GLs (deGLs). Although PxGSSs are considered potential targets for pest control, the lack of a comprehensive review has hindered the development of PxGSSs-targeted pest control methods. Recent advances in integrative multi-omics analysis, substrate-enzyme kinetics, and molecular biological techniques have elucidated the evolutionary origin and functional diversity of these three PxGSSs. This review summarizes research progress on PxGSSs over the past 20 years, covering sequence properties, evolution, protein modification, enzyme activity, structural variation, substrate specificity, and interaction scenarios based on functional diversity. Finally, we discussed the potential applications of PxGSSs-targeted pest control technologies driven by artificial intelligence, including CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene drive, transgenic plant-mediated RNAi, small-molecule inhibitors, and peptide inhibitors. These technologies have the potential to overcome current management challenges and promote the development and field application of PxGSSs-targeted pest control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- Ganzhou Key Laboratory of Greenhouse Vegetable, School of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Muhammad Bilal Amir
- Ganzhou Key Laboratory of Greenhouse Vegetable, School of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
- South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Yuan Liao
- Ganzhou Key Laboratory of Greenhouse Vegetable, School of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Haizhong Yu
- Ganzhou Key Laboratory of Greenhouse Vegetable, School of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Weiyi He
- State Key Laboratory for Ecological Pest Control of Fujian and Taiwan Crops, International Joint Research Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Zhanjun Lu
- Ganzhou Key Laboratory of Greenhouse Vegetable, School of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lu Y, Chen H, Wang P, Pang J, Lu X, Li G, Hu X, Wang X, Yang X, Li C, Lu Y, You X. Identification and Quantification of S-Sulfenylation Proteome of Mycobacterium tuberculosis under Oxidative Stress. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0338622. [PMID: 36943050 PMCID: PMC10101118 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03386-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability to maintain redox homeostasis is critical for Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) to survive the redox stress of the host. There are many antioxidant systems in Mtb to ensure its normal replication and survival in the host, and cysteine thiols are one of them. S-sulfenylation is one of the reversible modifications of cysteine thiols to resist oxidative stress. In the study, we investigated the total cysteine thiols modification and S-sulfenylation modification of Mtb proteome under the oxidative stress provided by hydrogen peroxide. To determine and quantify the S-sulfenylation modified proteins, high specific IodoTMT6plex reagents and high resolution mass spectrometry were used to label and quantify the peptides and proteins modified. There are significant differences for the total cysteine modification levels of 279 proteins and S-sulfenylation modification levels of 297 proteins under hydrogen peroxide stress. Functional enrichment analysis indicated that these cysteine-modified proteins were involved in the oxidation-reduction process, fatty acid biosynthetic process, stress response, protein repair, cell wall, etc. In conclusion, our study provides a view of cysteine modifications of the Mtb proteome under oxidative stress, revealing a series of proteins that may play a role in maintaining redox homeostasis. IMPORTANCE With the continuous spread of drug-resistant tuberculosis, there is an urgent need for new antituberculosis drugs with new mechanisms. The ability of Mtb to resist oxidative stress is extremely important for maintaining redox homeostasis and survival in the host. The reversible modifications of cysteine residues have a dual role of protection from irreversible damage to protein functions and regulation, which plays an important role in the redox homeostasis system. Thus, to discover cysteine modification changes in the proteome level under oxidative stress is quintessential to elucidate its antioxidant mechanism. Our results provided a list of proteins involved in the antioxidant process that potentially could be considered targets for drug discovery and vaccine development. Furthermore, it is the first study to determine and quantify the S-sulfenylation-modified proteins in Mtb, which provided better insight into the Mtb response to the host oxidative defense and enable a deeper understanding of Mtb survival strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Lu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hongtong Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Penghe Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Pang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xi Lu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Guoqing Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xinxin Hu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiukun Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyi Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Congran Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University; Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Resistance Tuberculosis Research, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Xuefu You
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yates NDJ, Warnes ME, Breetveld R, Spicer CD, Signoret N, Fascione M. Preparation and Application of an Inexpensive α-Formylglycine Building Block Compatible with Fmoc Solid-Phase Peptide Synthesis. Org Lett 2023; 25:2001-2005. [PMID: 36662590 PMCID: PMC10071478 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c04059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
α-Formylglycine (fGly) is a rare residue located in the active site of sulfatases and serves as a precursor to pharmaceutically relevant motifs. The installation of fGly motifs into peptides is currently challenging due to degradation under the acidic and nucleophile-rich conditions accompanying resin cleavage during solid-phase peptide synthesis. We report the synthesis of acid- and nucleophile-tolerant α-formylglycine building blocks from vitamin C and use them to prepare callyaerin A, a macrocyclic peptide containing an fGly-derived motif.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Martin Fascione
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, York YO10 5DD, U.K
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Asiimwe N, Al Mazid MF, Jeong YT, Lee J, Lee JS. The discovery of penta-peptides inhibiting the activity of the formylglycine-generating enzyme and their potential antibacterial effects against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. RSC Adv 2022; 12:18884-18888. [PMID: 35873338 PMCID: PMC9241360 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra03379h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The formylglycine-generating enzyme is a key regulator that converts sulfatase into an active form. Despite its key role in many diseases, enzyme activity inhibitors have not yet been reported. In this study, we investigated penta-peptide ligands for FGE activity inhibition and discovered two hit peptides. In addition, the lead peptides also showed potential antibacterial effects in a Mycobacterium tuberculosis model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yong Taek Jeong
- Department of Pharmacology, Korea University College of Medicine South Korea
| | - Juyong Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Kangwon National University South Korea
| | - Jun-Seok Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Korea University College of Medicine South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Staretz-Chacham O, Schlotawa L, Wormser O, Golan-Tripto I, Birk OS, Ferreira CR, Dierks T, Radhakrishnan K. A homozygous missense variant of SUMF1 in the Bedouin population extends the clinical spectrum in ultrarare neonatal multiple sulfatase deficiency. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2020; 8:e1167. [PMID: 32048457 PMCID: PMC7507568 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple sulfatase deficiency (MSD, MIM #272200) is an ultrarare congenital disorder caused by SUMF1 mutation and often misdiagnosed due to its complex clinical presentation. Impeded by a lack of natural history, knowledge gained from individual case studies forms the source for a reliable diagnosis and consultation of patients and parents. METHODS We collected clinical records as well as genetic and metabolic test results from two MSD patients. The functional properties of a novel SUMF1 variant were analyzed after expression in a cell culture model. RESULTS We report on two MSD patients-the first neonatal type reported in Israel-both presenting with this most severe manifestation of MSD. Our patients showed uniform clinical symptoms with persistent pulmonary hypertension, hypotonia, and dysmorphism at birth. Both patients were homozygous for the same novel SUMF1 mutation (c.1043C>T, p.A348V). Functional analysis revealed that the SUMF1-encoded variant of formylglycine-generating enzyme is highly instable and lacks catalytic function. CONCLUSION The obtained results confirm genotype-phenotype correlation in MSD, expand the spectrum of clinical presentation and are relevant for diagnosis including the extremely rare neonatal severe type of MSD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Orna Staretz-Chacham
- Metabolic Clinic, Soroka University Medical Center, Ben Gurion University, Beer Sheva, Israel.,Neonatlogy Unit, Soroka University Medical Center, Ben Gurion University, Beer Sheva, Israel.,Division of Pediatrics, Soroka University Medical Center, Ben Gurion University, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Lars Schlotawa
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Ohad Wormser
- The Morris Kahn Laboratory of Human Genetics, National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev and Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel.,Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Inbal Golan-Tripto
- Division of Pediatrics, Soroka University Medical Center, Ben Gurion University, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Ohad S Birk
- The Morris Kahn Laboratory of Human Genetics, National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev and Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel.,Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel.,Genetic Institute, Soroka University Medical Center, Ben Gurion University, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Carlos R Ferreira
- Medical Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Thomas Dierks
- Biochemistry I, Faculty of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Schlotawa L, Wachs M, Bernhard O, Mayer FJ, Dierks T, Schmidt B, Radhakrishnan K. Recognition and ER Quality Control of Misfolded Formylglycine-Generating Enzyme by Protein Disulfide Isomerase. Cell Rep 2019; 24:27-37.e4. [PMID: 29972788 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sulfatase deficiency (MSD) is a fatal, inherited lysosomal storage disorder characterized by reduced activities of all sulfatases in patients. Sulfatases require a unique post-translational modification of an active-site cysteine to formylglycine that is catalyzed by the formylglycine-generating enzyme (FGE). FGE mutations that affect intracellular protein stability determine residual enzyme activity and disease severity in MSD patients. Here, we show that protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) plays a pivotal role in the recognition and quality control of MSD-causing FGE variants. Overexpression of PDI reduces the residual activity of unstable FGE variants, whereas inhibition of PDI function rescues the residual activity of sulfatases in MSD fibroblasts. Mass spectrometric analysis of a PDI+FGE variant covalent complex allowed determination of the molecular signature for FGE recognition by PDI. Our findings highlight the role of PDI as a disease modifier in MSD, which may also be relevant for other ER-associated protein folding pathologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lars Schlotawa
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Michaela Wachs
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry I, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Olaf Bernhard
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, University of Göttingen, Humboldtallee 23, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Franz J Mayer
- Bruker Daltonik GmbH, Fahrenheitstraße 4, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Thomas Dierks
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry I, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany.
| | - Bernhard Schmidt
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, University of Göttingen, Humboldtallee 23, 37073 Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Karthikeyan Radhakrishnan
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry I, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany; Department of Cellular Biochemistry, University of Göttingen, Humboldtallee 23, 37073 Göttingen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Jaszczuk I, Schlotawa L, Dierks T, Ohlenbusch A, Koppenhöfer D, Babicz M, Lejman M, Radhakrishnan K, Ługowska A. Expanding the genetic cause of multiple sulfatase deficiency: A novel SUMF1 variant in a patient displaying a severe late infantile form of the disease. Mol Genet Metab 2017; 121:252-258. [PMID: 28566233 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2017.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 05/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/20/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sulfatase deficiency (MSD) is a rare inherited metabolic disease caused by defective cellular sulfatases. Activity of sulfatases depends on post-translational modification catalyzed by formylglycine-generating enzyme (FGE), encoded by the SUMF1 gene. SUMF1 pathologic variants cause MSD, a syndrome presenting with a complex phenotype. We describe the first Polish patient with MSD caused by a yet undescribed pathologic variant c.337G>A [p.Glu113Lys] (i.e. p.E113K) in heterozygous combination with the known deletion allele c.519+5_519+8del [p.Ala149_Ala173del]. The clinical picture of the patient initially suggested late infantile metachromatic leukodystrophy, with developmental delay followed by regression of visual, hearing and motor abilities as the most apparent clinical symptoms. Transient signs of ichthyosis and minor dysmorphic features guided the laboratory workup towards MSD. Since MSD is a rare disease and there is a variable clinical spectrum, we thoroughly describe the clinical outcome of our patient. The FGE-E113K variant, expressed in cell culture, correctly localized to the endoplasmic reticulum but was retained intracellularly in contrast to the wild type FGE. Analysis of FGE-mediated activation of steroid sulfatase in immortalized MSD cells revealed that FGE-E113K exhibited only approx. 15% of the activity of wild type FGE. Based on the crystal structure we predict that the exchange of glutamate-113 against lysine should induce a strong destabilization of the secondary structure, possibly affecting the folding for correct disulfide bridging between C235-C346 as well as distortion of the active site groove that could affect both the intracellular stability as well as the activity of FGE. Thus, the novel variant of the SUMF1 gene obviously results in functionally impaired FGE protein leading to a severe late infantile type of MSD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilona Jaszczuk
- University Children Hospital, Paediatric Haematology, Oncology and Transplantology Department, Lublin, Poland
| | - Lars Schlotawa
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK; Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK
| | - Thomas Dierks
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry I, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Andreas Ohlenbusch
- University Medical Center Goettingen, Children's Hospital, Department of Child Neurology, Goettingen, Germany
| | | | - Mariusz Babicz
- University Children Hospital, Paediatric Haematology, Oncology and Transplantology Department, Cytogenetic Laboratory, Lublin, Poland
| | - Monika Lejman
- University Children Hospital, Paediatric Haematology, Oncology and Transplantology Department, Cytogenetic Laboratory, Lublin, Poland
| | | | - Agnieszka Ługowska
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Department of Genetics, Warsaw, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
York D, Baker J, Holder PG, Jones LC, Drake PM, Barfield RM, Bleck GT, Rabuka D. Generating aldehyde-tagged antibodies with high titers and high formylglycine yields by supplementing culture media with copper(II). BMC Biotechnol 2016; 16:23. [PMID: 26911368 PMCID: PMC4766608 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-016-0254-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ability to site-specifically conjugate a protein to a payload of interest (e.g., a fluorophore, small molecule pharmacophore, oligonucleotide, or other protein) has found widespread application in basic research and drug development. For example, antibody-drug conjugates represent a class of biotherapeutics that couple the targeting specificity of an antibody with the chemotherapeutic potency of a small molecule drug. While first generation antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) used random conjugation approaches, next-generation ADCs are employing site-specific conjugation. A facile way to generate site-specific protein conjugates is via the aldehyde tag technology, where a five amino acid consensus sequence (CXPXR) is genetically encoded into the protein of interest at the desired location. During protein expression, the Cys residue within this consensus sequence can be recognized by ectopically-expressed formylglycine generating enzyme (FGE), which converts the Cys to a formylglycine (fGly) residue. The latter bears an aldehyde functional group that serves as a chemical handle for subsequent conjugation. RESULTS The yield of Cys conversion to fGly during protein production can be variable and is highly dependent on culture conditions. We set out to achieve consistently high yields by modulating culture conditions to maximize FGE activity within the cell. We recently showed that FGE is a copper-dependent oxidase that binds copper in a stoichiometric fashion and uses it to activate oxygen, driving enzymatic turnover. Building upon that work, here we show that by supplementing cell culture media with copper we can routinely reach high yields of highly converted protein. We demonstrate that cells incorporate copper from the media into FGE, which results in increased specific activity of the enzyme. The amount of copper required is compatible with large scale cell culture, as demonstrated in fed-batch cell cultures with antibody titers of 5 g · L(-1), specific cellular production rates of 75 pg · cell(-1) · d(-1), and fGly conversion yields of 95-98 %. CONCLUSIONS We describe a process with a high yield of site-specific formylglycine (fGly) generation during monoclonal antibody production in CHO cells. The conversion of Cys to fGly depends upon the activity of FGE, which can be ensured by supplementing the culture media with 50 uM copper(II) sulfate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dona York
- Catalent Pharma Solutions, 726 Heartland Trail, Madison, WI, 53717, USA.
| | - Jeanne Baker
- Catalent Pharma Solutions, 5703 Hollis Street, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA.
| | - Patrick G Holder
- Catalent Pharma Solutions, 5703 Hollis Street, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA.
| | - Lesley C Jones
- Catalent Pharma Solutions, 5703 Hollis Street, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA.
| | - Penelope M Drake
- Catalent Pharma Solutions, 5703 Hollis Street, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA.
| | - Robyn M Barfield
- Catalent Pharma Solutions, 5703 Hollis Street, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA.
| | - Gregory T Bleck
- Catalent Pharma Solutions, 726 Heartland Trail, Madison, WI, 53717, USA.
| | - David Rabuka
- Catalent Pharma Solutions, 5703 Hollis Street, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Holder PG, Jones LC, Drake PM, Barfield RM, Bañas S, de Hart GW, Baker J, Rabuka D. Reconstitution of Formylglycine-generating Enzyme with Copper(II) for Aldehyde Tag Conversion. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:15730-15745. [PMID: 25931126 PMCID: PMC4505483 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.652669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
To further our aim of synthesizing aldehyde-tagged proteins for research and biotechnology applications, we developed methods for recombinant production of aerobic formylglycine-generating enzyme (FGE) in good yield. We then optimized the FGE biocatalytic reaction conditions for conversion of cysteine to formylglycine in aldehyde tags on intact monoclonal antibodies. During the development of these conditions, we discovered that pretreating FGE with copper(II) is required for high turnover rates and yields. After further investigation, we confirmed that both aerobic prokaryotic (Streptomyces coelicolor) and eukaryotic (Homo sapiens) FGEs contain a copper cofactor. The complete kinetic parameters for both forms of FGE are described, along with a proposed mechanism for FGE catalysis that accounts for the copper-dependent activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lesley C Jones
- From Catalent Pharma Solutions, Emeryville, California 94608
| | | | | | - Stefanie Bañas
- From Catalent Pharma Solutions, Emeryville, California 94608
| | | | - Jeanne Baker
- From Catalent Pharma Solutions, Emeryville, California 94608
| | - David Rabuka
- From Catalent Pharma Solutions, Emeryville, California 94608.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Appel MJ, Bertozzi CR. Formylglycine, a post-translationally generated residue with unique catalytic capabilities and biotechnology applications. ACS Chem Biol 2015; 10:72-84. [PMID: 25514000 PMCID: PMC4492166 DOI: 10.1021/cb500897w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Formylglycine (fGly) is a catalytically essential residue found almost exclusively in the active sites of type I sulfatases. Formed by post-translational oxidation of cysteine or serine side chains, this aldehyde-functionalized residue participates in a unique and highly efficient catalytic mechanism for sulfate ester hydrolysis. The enzymes that produce fGly, formylglycine-generating enzyme (FGE) and anaerobic sulfatase-maturating enzyme (anSME), are as unique and specialized as fGly itself. FGE especially is structurally and mechanistically distinct, and serves the sole function of activating type I sulfatase targets. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge regarding the mechanism by which fGly contributes to sulfate ester hydrolysis, the molecular details of fGly biogenesis by FGE and anSME, and finally, recent biotechnology applications of fGly beyond its natural catalytic function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mason J. Appel
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Carolyn R. Bertozzi
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| |
Collapse
|