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Mandal K, Tomar SK, Kumar Santra M. Decoding the ubiquitin language: Orchestrating transcription initiation and gene expression through chromatin remodelers and histones. Gene 2024; 904:148218. [PMID: 38307220 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Eukaryotic transcription is a finely orchestrated process and it is controlled by transcription factors as well as epigenetic regulators. Transcription factors and epigenetic regulators undergo different types of posttranslational modifications including ubiquitination to control transcription process. Ubiquitination, traditionally associated with protein degradation, has emerged as a crucial contributor to the regulation of chromatin structure through ubiquitination of histone and chromatin remodelers. Ubiquitination introduces new layers of intricacy to the regulation of transcription initiation through controlling the equilibrium between euchromatin and heterochromatin states. Nucleosome, the fundamental units of chromatin, spacing in euchromatin and heterochromatin states are regulated by histone modification and chromatin remodeling complexes. Chromatin remodeling complexes actively sculpt the chromatin architecture and thereby influence the transcriptional states of genes. Therefore, understanding the dynamic behavior of nucleosome spacing is critical as it impacts various cellular functions through controlling gene expression profiles. In this comprehensive review, we discussed the intricate interplay between ubiquitination and transcription initiation, and illuminated the underlying molecular mechanisms that occur in a variety of biological contexts. This exploration sheds light on the complex regulatory networks that govern eukaryotic transcription, providing important insights into the fine orchestration of gene expression and chromatin dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kartik Mandal
- Cancer Biology Division, National Centre for Cell Science, Ganeshkhind Road, Pune, Maharashtra 411007, India; Department of Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind Road, Pune, Maharashtra 411007, India
| | - Shiva Kumar Tomar
- Cancer Biology Division, National Centre for Cell Science, Ganeshkhind Road, Pune, Maharashtra 411007, India; Department of Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind Road, Pune, Maharashtra 411007, India
| | - Manas Kumar Santra
- Cancer Biology Division, National Centre for Cell Science, Ganeshkhind Road, Pune, Maharashtra 411007, India.
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Distinct interactors define the p63 transcriptional signature in epithelial development or cancer. Biochem J 2022; 479:1375-1392. [PMID: 35748701 PMCID: PMC9250260 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20210737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The TP63 is an indispensable transcription factor for development and homeostasis of epithelia and its derived glandular tissue. It is also involved in female germline cell quality control, muscle and thymus development. It is expressed as multiple isoforms transcribed by two independent promoters, in addition to alternative splicing occurring at the mRNA 3′-UTR. Expression of the TP63 gene, specifically the amino-deleted p63 isoform, ΔNp63, is required to regulate numerous biological activities, including lineage specification, self-renewal capacity of epithelial stem cells, proliferation/expansion of basal keratinocytes, differentiation of stratified epithelia. In cancer, ΔNp63 is implicated in squamous cancers pathogenesis of different origin including skin, head and neck and lung and in sustaining self-renewal of cancer stem cells. How this transcription factor can control such a diverse set of biological pathways is central to the understanding of the molecular mechanisms through which p63 acquires oncogenic activity, profoundly changing its down-stream transcriptional signature. Here, we highlight how different proteins interacting with p63 allow it to regulate the transcription of several central genes. The interacting proteins include transcription factors/regulators, epigenetic modifiers, and post-transcriptional modifiers. Moreover, as p63 depends on its interactome, we discuss the hypothesis to target the protein interactors to directly affect p63 oncogenic activities and p63-related diseases.
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Daks A, Petukhov A, Fedorova O, Shuvalov O, Kizenko A, Tananykina E, Vasileva E, Semenov O, Bottrill A, Barlev N. The RNA-binding protein HuR is a novel target of Pirh2 E3 ubiquitin ligase. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:581. [PMID: 34091597 PMCID: PMC8179929 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03871-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The RING-finger protein Pirh2 is a p53 family-specific E3 ubiquitin ligase. Pirh2 also ubiquitinates several other important cellular factors and is involved in carcinogenesis. However, its functional role in other cellular processes is poorly understood. To address this question, we performed a proteomic search for novel interacting partners of Pirh2. Using the GST-pulldown approach combined with LC-MS/MS, we revealed 225 proteins that interacted with Pirh2. We found that, according to the GO description, a large group of Pirh2-associated proteins belonged to the RNA metabolism group. Importantly, one of the identified proteins from that group was an RNA-binding protein ELAVL1 (HuR), which is involved in the regulation of splicing and protein stability of several oncogenic proteins. We demonstrated that Pirh2 ubiquitinated the HuR protein facilitating its proteasome-mediated degradation in cells. Importantly, the Pirh2-mediated degradation of HuR occurred in response to heat shock, thereby affecting the survival rate of HeLa cells under elevated temperature. Functionally, Pirh2-mediated degradation of HuR augmented the level of c-Myc expression, whose RNA level is otherwise attenuated by HuR. Taken together, our data indicate that HuR is a new target of Pirh2 and this functional interaction contributes to the heat-shock response of cancer cells affecting their survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Daks
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194064, St Petersburg, Russian Federation.
| | - Alexey Petukhov
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194064, St Petersburg, Russian Federation.,Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Institute of Hematology, 197341, St Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Olga Fedorova
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194064, St Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Oleg Shuvalov
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194064, St Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Alena Kizenko
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194064, St Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Elizaveta Tananykina
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194064, St Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Elena Vasileva
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194064, St Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Oleg Semenov
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194064, St Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Andrew Bottrill
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Nickolai Barlev
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194064, St Petersburg, Russian Federation. .,Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141700, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, Russian Federation.
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Yu S, Wu N, Zhu J, Liu Y, Han J. Pyrrolidine Dithiocarbamate Facilitates Arsenic Trioxide Against Pancreatic Cancer via Perturbing Ubiquitin-Proteasome Pathway. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:13149-13159. [PMID: 33376406 PMCID: PMC7764808 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s278674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate whether pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) could facilitate arsenic trioxide (ATO) to induce apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells via perturbing ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Methods Mass spectrometry was performed to examine the interaction between PDTC and ATO, and the data showed they could form a complex termed PDTC-ATO. Inhibiting effects on cell viability were examined by CCK-8 test, and apoptosis was examined by flow cytometry. Four treatment arms (n = 6), including the control, PDTC, ATO, and PDTC-ATO, were evaluated using BALB/c nude mouse models bearing a xenograft tumor of SW1990 human pancreatic cancer line. Western blot, immunohistochemistry assays were to detect the mechanism. Results The results showed that PDTC-ATO had higher inhibiting effects on proliferation of pancreatic cancer cells than ATO in vitro. In bearing-tumor mice, PDTC-ATO inhibited tumor growth by 79%, being more potent than ATO (by 46%) or PDTC (by 35%) compared to the control. Results of Western blot and immunohistochemistry showed proteasome inhibition and apoptotic cell death, together with obvious suppression of associating E3 ubiquitin ligase activity, occurred more frequently in tumors treated with PDTC-ATO than those with ATO. Conclusion PDTC demonstrated the function to facilitate ATO against pancreatic cancer due to forming a stable complex to perturb ubiquitin-proteasome pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simin Yu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Wu
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Pudong New Area Gongli Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianmin Zhu
- Shanghai Clinical Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences/Xuhui Central Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Oncology, Yunnan Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinbin Han
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Lu JH, Liao WT, Lee CH, Chang KL, Ke HL, Yu HS. ΔNp63 promotes abnormal epidermal proliferation in arsenical skin cancers. Toxicol In Vitro 2018; 53:57-66. [PMID: 30026126 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2018.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic is known to perturb epidermal homeostasis and induce abnormal keratinocyte proliferation, leading to skin carcinogenesis. P63 and its isoforms are essential to regulate epidermal homeostasis. This study aimed to investigate the role of p63 isoforms in abnormal epidermal proliferation induced by arsenic. Using arsenic-induced Bowen's disease (As-BD; an intraepidermal carcinoma) as a disease model, we found that in As-BD, the expression of proliferating basal keratinocytes marker cytokeratin 14 (CK14) and N-terminal truncated p63 isoform (ΔNp63; proliferation regulator) was increased, however, that of the differentiation marker cytokeratin 10 (CK10) and full-length p63 isoform (TAp63; differentiation regulator) was decreased in squamous cells as compared with healthy subjects. These observations were recapitulated in the arsenic-treated skin equivalents (SEs). The SEs showed that arsenic increased epidermal thickness, induced abnormal proliferation, and increased ΔNp63 expression in squamous cells as compared with the control. Treatment of cultured normal human epidermal keratinocytes (HKCs) with arsenic increased CK14 and △Np63 expressions, but decreased TAp63 and CK10 expressions. Furthermore, knockdown of ΔNp63 by RNA interference abrogated arsenic-induced CK14 expression and recovered the reduction of TAp63 and CK10 caused by arsenic. These findings indicated that ΔNp63 is a pivotal regulator in the abnormal cell proliferation in arsenical cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-He Lu
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ting Liao
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hung Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Kee-Lung Chang
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Lung Ke
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Urology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Su Yu
- Department of Dermatology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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Aberrant β-catenin expression in urothelial carcinomas in blackfoot disease-endemic areas. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2017; 33:11-16. [PMID: 28088268 DOI: 10.1016/j.kjms.2016.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Revised: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Arsenic is a well-known toxic element and carcinogenic agent. The aim of this study was to investigate p63, E-cadherin, and β-catenin proteins in urothelial carcinoma (UC) in both arsenic contaminated areas [so-called blackfoot disease (BFD) area] and non-BFD areas. The expressions of p63, E-cadherin, and β-catenin proteins in 20 UC cases of blackfoot disease and 22 UC cases in non-BFD areas were detected using immunohistochemical methods. The results revealed a high p63 expression in 20 (47.6%) UC cases and high E-cadherin expression in six (14.3%) UC cases. Expressions of p63 and E-cadherin showed no significant correlations with clinicopathologic parameters. However, all 20 BFD cases and 12 of 22 (54.5%) non-BFD cases showed aberrant β-catenin expression. Ten out of 22 (45.5%) non-BFD cases also had normal membranous immunoreactivity. The β-catenin staining pattern significantly differed between cases in endemic and nonendemic areas of BFD (p=0.001). Tumor sites also significantly correlated with β-catenin expression (p=0.044). In addition, membranous localization of β-catenin was lower in UC from BFD-endemic areas compared with those from non-BFD endemic areas. In conclusion, it is suggested that relocalization of β-catenin from membrane to cytoplasm may be involved in the tumorigenesis of UC from BFD-endemic areas.
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Daks AA, Petukhov AV, Shuvalov OY, Vasil’eva EA, Melino G, Barlev NA, Fedorova OA. Tumor suppressor p63 regulates Pirh2 ubiquitin ligase expression. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s1990519x16030044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Napoli M, Venkatanarayan A, Raulji P, Meyers BA, Norton W, Mangala LS, Sood AK, Rodriguez-Aguayo C, Lopez-Berestein G, Vin H, Duvic M, Tetzlaff MB, Curry JL, Rook AH, Abbas HA, Coarfa C, Gunaratne PH, Tsai KY, Flores ER. ΔNp63/DGCR8-Dependent MicroRNAs Mediate Therapeutic Efficacy of HDAC Inhibitors in Cancer. Cancer Cell 2016; 29:874-888. [PMID: 27300436 PMCID: PMC4908836 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2016.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Revised: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
ΔNp63 is an oncogenic member of the p53 family and acts to inhibit the tumor-suppressive activities of the p53 family. By performing a chemical library screen, we identified histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) as agents reducing ΔNp63 protein stability through the E3 ubiquitin ligase, Fbw7. ΔNp63 inhibition decreases the levels of its transcriptional target, DGCR8, and the maturation of let-7d and miR-128, which we found to be critical for HDACi function in vitro and in vivo. Our work identified Fbw7 as a predictive marker for HDACi response in squamous cell carcinomas and lymphomas, and unveiled let-7d and miR-128 as specific targets to bypass tumor resistance to HDACi treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Napoli
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Avinashnarayan Venkatanarayan
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Payal Raulji
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Brooke A Meyers
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - William Norton
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Lingegowda S Mangala
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNA, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Anil K Sood
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNA, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Cristian Rodriguez-Aguayo
- Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNA, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Gabriel Lopez-Berestein
- Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNA, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Harina Vin
- Department of Dermatology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Madeleine Duvic
- Department of Dermatology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Michael B Tetzlaff
- Department of Dermatology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jonathan L Curry
- Department of Dermatology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Alain H Rook
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Hussein A Abbas
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Cristian Coarfa
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Preethi H Gunaratne
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Kenneth Y Tsai
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Dermatology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Elsa R Flores
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNA, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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Chen J, Shi H, Qi J, Liu D, Yang Z, Li C. JNK1 inhibits transcriptional and pro-apoptotic activity of TAp63γ. FEBS Lett 2015; 589:3686-90. [PMID: 26519559 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2015.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Revised: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
TAp63γ is a homologue of tumor suppressor p53 and functions as a transcriptional factor playing key roles in cell cycle and cell apoptosis. In the present work, we find that JNK1 can physically interact with N-terminal transactivation domain (TAD) of TAp63. Overexpression of JNK1 inhibits TAp63γ-mediated transcription, while knockdown or inhibition of endogenous JNK1 increases transactivity of TAp63γ. Further study reveals that Ser12 site in TAD is critical for JNK1-mediated inhibition of TAp63γ. This JNK1-mediated inhibition can impair pro-apoptotic activity of TAp63γ. Together, we report a novel regulation of TAp63γ transactivity and pro-apoptotic activity mediated by JNK1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Chen
- Center of Growth, Metabolism and Aging, Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Ecological Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Chengdu 610065, China; Department of Medical Oncology, The Seventh People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hua Shi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jin Qi
- Department of Endodontics, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400015, China
| | - Dingyi Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Seventh People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zemin Yang
- Center of Growth, Metabolism and Aging, Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Ecological Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Chenghua Li
- Center of Growth, Metabolism and Aging, Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Ecological Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Chengdu 610065, China.
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Yan W, Jung YS, Zhang Y, Chen X. Arsenic trioxide reactivates proteasome-dependent degradation of mutant p53 protein in cancer cells in part via enhanced expression of Pirh2 E3 ligase. PLoS One 2014; 9:e103497. [PMID: 25116336 PMCID: PMC4130519 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0103497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The p53 gene is mutated in more than 50% of human tumors. Mutant p53 exerts an oncogenic function and is often highly expressed in cancer cells due to evasion of proteasome-dependent degradation. Thus, reactivating proteasome-dependent degradation of mutant p53 protein is an attractive strategy for cancer management. Previously, we found that arsenic trioxide (ATO), a drug for acute promyelocytic leukemia, degrades mutant p53 protein through a proteasome pathway. However, it remains unclear what is the E3 ligase that targets mutant p53 for degradation. In current study, we sought to identify an E3 ligase necessary for ATO-mediated degradation of mutant p53. We found that ATO induces expression of Pirh2 E3 ligase at the transcriptional level. We also found that knockdown of Pirh2 inhibits, whereas ectopic expression of Pirh2 enhances, ATO-induced degradation of mutant p53 protein. Furthermore, we found that Pirh2 E3 ligase physically interacts with and targets mutant p53 for polyubiquitination and subsequently proteasomal degradation. Interestingly, we found that ATO cooperates with HSP90 or HDAC inhibitor to promote mutant p53 degradation and growth suppression in tumor cells. Together, these data suggest that ATO promotes mutant p53 degradation in part via induction of the Pirh2-dependent proteasome pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wensheng Yan
- Comparative Oncology Laboratory, School of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of California at Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Yong-Sam Jung
- Comparative Oncology Laboratory, School of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of California at Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Yanhong Zhang
- Comparative Oncology Laboratory, School of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of California at Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Xinbin Chen
- Comparative Oncology Laboratory, School of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of California at Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Zheng T, Yin D, Lu Z, Wang J, Li Y, Chen X, Liang Y, Song X, Qi S, Sun B, Xie C, Meng X, Pan S, Liu J, Jiang H, Liu L. Nutlin-3 overcomes arsenic trioxide resistance and tumor metastasis mediated by mutant p53 in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Mol Cancer 2014; 13:133. [PMID: 24884809 PMCID: PMC4046148 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-13-133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 05/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Arsenic trioxide has been demonstrated as an effective anti-cancer drug against leukemia and solid tumors both in vitro and in vivo. However, recent phase II trials demonstrated that single agent arsenic trioxide was poorly effective against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which might be due to drug resistance. Methods Mutation detection of p53 gene in arsenic trioxide resistant HCC cell lines was performed. The therapeutic effects of arsenic trioxide and Nutlin-3 on HCC were evaluated both in vitro and in vivo. A series of experiments including MTT, apoptosis assays, co-Immunoprecipitation, siRNA transfection, lentiviral infection, cell migration, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchy-mal transition (EMT) assays were performed to investigate the underlying mechanisms. Results The acquisition of p53 mutation contributed to arsenic trioxide resistance and enhanced metastatic potential of HCC cells. Mutant p53 (Mutp53) silence could re-sensitize HCC resistant cells to arsenic trioxide and inhibit the metastatic activities, while mutp53 overexpression showed the opposite effects. Neither arsenic trioxide nor Nutlin-3 could exhibit obvious effects against arsenic trioxide resistant HCC cells, while combination of them showed significant effects. Nutlin-3 can not only increase the intracellular arsenicals through inhibition of p-gp but also promote the p73 activation and mutp53 degradation mediated by arsenic trioxide. In vivo experiments indicated that Nutlin-3 can potentiate the antitumor activities of arsenic trioxide in an orthotopic hepatic tumor model and inhibit the metastasis to lung. Conclusions Acquisitions of p53 mutations contributed to the resistance of HCC to arsenic trioxide. Nutlin-3 could overcome arsenic trioxide resistance and inhibit tumor metastasis through p73 activation and promoting mutant p53 degradation mediated by arsenic trioxide.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zhaoyang Lu
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, #23 Youzheng Street, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China.
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Watanabe M, Funakoshi T, Unuma K, Aki T, Uemura K. Activation of the ubiquitin-proteasome system against arsenic trioxide cardiotoxicity involves ubiquitin ligase Parkin for mitochondrial homeostasis. Toxicology 2014; 322:43-50. [PMID: 24801902 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2014.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2014] [Revised: 04/06/2014] [Accepted: 04/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Parkin is an E3 ubiquitin ligase involved in the elimination of damaged mitochondria. Ubiquitination of mitochondrial substrates by Parkin results in proteasomal as well as lysosomal degradation of mitochondria, the latter of which is executed by the autophagy machinery and is called as mitophagy (mitochondrial autophagy). The aim of this study is to examine the possible role of Parkin against cardiotoxicity elicited by arsenic trioxide (ATO) exposure in HL-1 mouse atrial cardiomyocytes. HL-1 cells were administered 1-10μM ATO for up to 24h, and the involvements of apoptosis, and the ubiquitin-proteasome and autophagy-lysosome systems (UPS and ALS) were examined. ATO dose-dependently reduced mitochondrial membrane potentials (ΔΨm) in HL-1 cells, indicating that ATO works as a mitochondrial toxin in these cells. Apoptosis was evident in cells exposed to more than 6μM ATO for 24h. Levels of Parkin in mitochondria-rich fractions were increased, suggesting the recruitment of Parkin to mitochondria. Ubiquitination of the voltage-dependent anion channel1 (VDAC1), a substrate of Parkin, was also proved by immunoprecipitation. Accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins including both K48- and K63-lineages was observed in HL-1 cells after ATO exposure, implying an increased demand for proteasomal as well as lysosomal degradation of cellular proteins. Although UPS was activated by ATO as proved by increased proteasomal activity, only slight activation of the ALS marker LC3 was observed, suggesting differential reactions of UPS and ALS to ATO toxicity. The abrogation of UPS by the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib significantly sensitized HL-1 cells to ATO toxicity, showing the contribution of UPS to the maintenance of cellular homeostasis during ATO exposure. Taken together, our results reveal the activation of Parkin as well as UPS during ATO exposure in HL-1 cardiomyocytes, which contributes to the maintenance of mitochondrial as well as cellular homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayumi Watanabe
- Section of Forensic Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Funakoshi
- Section of Forensic Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kana Unuma
- Section of Forensic Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Aki
- Section of Forensic Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Koichi Uemura
- Section of Forensic Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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13
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Regulation of p63 protein stability via ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:175721. [PMID: 24822180 PMCID: PMC4009111 DOI: 10.1155/2014/175721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2013] [Revised: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The p53-related p63 gene encodes multiple protein isoforms, which are involved in a variety of biological activities. p63 protein stability is mainly regulated by the ubiquitin-dependent proteasomal degradation pathway. Several ubiquitin E3 ligases have been identified and some protein kinases as well as other kinds of proteins are involved in regulation of p63 protein stability. These regulators are responsive to diverse extracellular signaling, resulting in changes of the p63 protein levels and impacting different biological processes.
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14
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Yin J, Zhu JM, Shen XZ. The role and therapeutic implications of RING-finger E3 ubiquitin ligases in hepatocellular carcinoma. Int J Cancer 2014; 136:249-57. [PMID: 24420637 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.28717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates that deregulation of RING-finger ubiquitin-protein ligases (E3s) involves in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). These RING-finger E3s serve as oncoproteins or tumor suppressors in HCC under specific conditions. In this review, we summarize current knowledge about abnormal RING-finger E3s and their clinical significance in the development of HCC, and discuss parts of critical substrates for these RING-finger E3s in detail. Furthermore, in light of success of Bortezomib in treating hematological malignancies, we describe the preclinical and clinical studies of therapeutic approaches targeting aberrant RING-finger E3s in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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15
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Xu E, Zhang J, Zhang M, Jiang Y, Cho SJ, Chen X. RNA-binding protein RBM24 regulates p63 expression via mRNA stability. Mol Cancer Res 2013; 12:359-69. [PMID: 24375645 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-13-0526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED p63, a p53 family member, plays pivotal roles in epidermal development, aging, and tumorigenesis. Thus, understanding how p63 expression is controlled has biological and clinical importance. RBM24 is an RNA-binding protein and shares a high sequence similarity with RBM38, a critical regulator of p63. In this study, we investigated whether RBM24 is capable of regulating p63 expression. Indeed, we found that ectopic expression of RBM24 decreased, whereas knockdown of RBM24 increased, the levels of p63 transcript and protein. To explore the underlying mechanism, we found that RBM24 was able to bind to multiple regions in the p63 3' untranslated region and, subsequently, destabilize p63 transcript. Furthermore, we showed that the 3' untranslated region in p63 transcript and the RNA-binding domain in RBM24 were required for RBM24 to bind p63 transcript and consequently, inhibit p63 expression. Taken together, our data provide evidence that RBM24 is a novel regulator of p63 via mRNA stability. IMPLICATIONS Our study suggests that p63 is regulated by RBM24 via mRNA stability, which gives an insight into understanding how posttranscriptional regulatory mechanisms contribute to p63 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enshun Xu
- Comparative Oncology Laboratory, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616.
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16
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Halaby MJ, Hakem R, Hakem A. Pirh2: an E3 ligase with central roles in the regulation of cell cycle, DNA damage response, and differentiation. Cell Cycle 2013; 12:2733-7. [PMID: 23966173 DOI: 10.4161/cc.25785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitylation is currently recognized as a major posttranslational modification that regulates diverse cellular processes. Pirh2 is a ubiquitin E3 ligase that regulates the turnover and functionality of several proteins involved in cell proliferation and differentiation, cell cycle checkpoints, and cell death. Here we review the role of Pirh2 as a regulator of the DNA damage response through the ubiquitylation of p53, Chk2, p73, and PolH. By ubiquitylating these proteins, Pirh2 regulates cell cycle checkpoints and cell death in response to DNA double-strand breaks or the formation of bulky DNA lesions. We also discuss how Pirh2 affects cell proliferation and differentiation in unstressed conditions through ubiquitylation and degradation of c-Myc, p63, and p27(kip1). Finally, we link these different functions of Pirh2 to its role as a tumor suppressor in mice and as a prognosis marker in various human cancer subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-jo Halaby
- Ontario Cancer Institute; University Health Network and Department of Medical Biophysics; University of Toronto; Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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