1
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Fracassi C, Ugge' M, Abdelhalim M, Zapparoli E, Simoni M, Magliulo D, Mazza D, Lazarevic D, Morelli M, Collas P, Bernardi R. PML modulates epigenetic composition of chromatin to regulate expression of pro-metastatic genes in triple-negative breast cancer. Nucleic Acids Res 2023; 51:11024-11039. [PMID: 37823593 PMCID: PMC10639071 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The promyelocytic leukemia (PML) protein organizes nuclear aggregates known as PML nuclear bodies (PML-NBs), where many transcription factors localize to be regulated. In addition, associations of PML and PML-NBs with chromatin are described in various cell types, further implicating PML in transcriptional regulation. However, a complete understanding of the functional consequences of PML association to DNA in cellular contexts where it promotes relevant phenotypes is still lacking. We examined PML chromatin association in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell lines, where it exerts important oncogenic functions. We find that PML associates discontinuously with large heterochromatic PML-associated domains (PADs) that contain discrete gene-rich euchromatic sub-domains locally depleted of PML. PML promotes heterochromatic organization in PADs and expression of pro-metastatic genes embedded in these sub-domains. Importantly, this occurs outside PML-NBs, suggesting that nucleoplasmic PML exerts a relevant gene regulatory function. We also find that PML plays indirect regulatory roles in TNBC cells by promoting the expression of pro-metastatic genes outside PADs. Our findings suggest that PML is an important transcriptional regulator of pro-oncogenic metagenes in TNBC cells, via transcriptional regulation and epigenetic organization of heterochromatin domains that embed regions of local transcriptional activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Fracassi
- Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | - Martina Ugge'
- Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | - Mohamed Abdelhalim
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ettore Zapparoli
- Center for Omics Sciences, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | - Matilde Simoni
- Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | - Daniela Magliulo
- Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | - Davide Mazza
- Experimental Imaging Center, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | - Dejan Lazarevic
- Center for Omics Sciences, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | - Marco J Morelli
- Center for Omics Sciences, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | - Philippe Collas
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Rosa Bernardi
- Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
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2
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Kim SQ, Mohallem R, Franco J, Buhman KK, Kim KH, Aryal UK. Multi-Omics Approach Reveals Dysregulation of Protein Phosphorylation Correlated with Lipid Metabolism in Mouse Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver. Cells 2022; 11:cells11071172. [PMID: 35406736 PMCID: PMC8997945 DOI: 10.3390/cells11071172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity caused by overnutrition is a major risk factor for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Several lipid intermediates such as fatty acids, glycerophospholipids and sphingolipids are implicated in NAFLD, but detailed characterization of lipids and their functional links to proteome and phosphoproteome remain to be elucidated. To characterize this complex molecular relationship, we used a multi-omics approach by conducting comparative proteomic, phoshoproteomic and lipidomic analyses of high fat (HFD) and low fat (LFD) diet fed mice livers. We quantified 2447 proteins and 1339 phosphoproteins containing 1650 class I phosphosites, of which 669 phosphosites were significantly different between HFD and LFD mice livers. We detected alterations of proteins associated with cellular metabolic processes such as small molecule catabolic process, monocarboxylic acid, long- and medium-chain fatty acid, and ketone body metabolic processes, and peroxisome organization. We observed a significant downregulation of protein phosphorylation in HFD fed mice liver in general. Untargeted lipidomics identified upregulation of triacylglycerols, glycerolipids and ether glycerophosphocholines and downregulation of glycerophospholipids, such as lysoglycerophospholipids, as well as ceramides and acylcarnitines. Analysis of differentially regulated phosphosites revealed phosphorylation dependent deregulation of insulin signaling as well as lipogenic and lipolytic pathways during HFD induced obesity. Thus, this study reveals a molecular connection between decreased protein phosphorylation and lipolysis, as well as lipid-mediated signaling in diet-induced obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sora Q. Kim
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; (S.Q.K.); (K.K.B.)
| | - Rodrigo Mohallem
- Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue Proteomics Facility, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; (R.M.); (J.F.)
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Jackeline Franco
- Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue Proteomics Facility, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; (R.M.); (J.F.)
| | - Kimberly K. Buhman
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; (S.Q.K.); (K.K.B.)
| | - Kee-Hong Kim
- Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA;
| | - Uma K. Aryal
- Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue Proteomics Facility, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; (R.M.); (J.F.)
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-765-494-4960
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3
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van Noorden CJ, Breznik B, Novak M, van Dijck AJ, Tanan S, Vittori M, Bogataj U, Bakker N, Khoury JD, Molenaar RJ, Hira VV. Cell Biology Meets Cell Metabolism: Energy Production Is Similar in Stem Cells and in Cancer Stem Cells in Brain and Bone Marrow. J Histochem Cytochem 2022; 70:29-51. [PMID: 34714696 PMCID: PMC8721571 DOI: 10.1369/00221554211054585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Energy production by means of ATP synthesis in cancer cells has been investigated frequently as a potential therapeutic target in this century. Both (an)aerobic glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) have been studied. Here, we review recent literature on energy production in glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) and leukemic stem cells (LSCs) versus their normal counterparts, neural stem cells (NSCs) and hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), respectively. These two cancer stem cell types were compared because their niches in glioblastoma tumors and in bone marrow are similar. In this study, it became apparent that (1) ATP is produced in NSCs and HSCs by anaerobic glycolysis, whereas fatty acid oxidation (FAO) is essential for their stem cell fate and (2) ATP is produced in GSCs and LSCs by OXPHOS despite the hypoxic conditions in their niches with FAO and amino acids providing its substrate. These metabolic processes appeared to be under tight control of cellular regulation mechanisms which are discussed in depth. However, our conclusion is that systemic therapeutic targeting of ATP production via glycolysis or OXPHOS is not an attractive option because of its unwanted side effects in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Barbara Breznik
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Metka Novak
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | | | - Miloš Vittori
- Amsterdam UMC Location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Urban Bogataj
- Amsterdam UMC Location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Joseph D. Khoury
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Remco J. Molenaar
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia,Department of Medical Oncology
| | - Vashendriya V.V. Hira
- Vashendriya V.V. Hira, Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, Večna Pot 111, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia. E-mail:
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4
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The Multiple Facets of ATRX Protein. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13092211. [PMID: 34062956 PMCID: PMC8124985 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13092211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The gene encoding for the epigenetic regulator ATRX is gaining a prominent position among the most important oncosuppressive genes of the human genome. ATRX gene somatic mutations are found across a number of diverse cancer types, suggesting its relevance in tumor induction and progression. In the present review, the multiple activities of ATRX protein are described in the light of the most recent literature available highlighting its multifaceted role in the caretaking of the human genome. Abstract ATRX gene codifies for a protein member of the SWI-SNF family and was cloned for the first time over 25 years ago as the gene responsible for a rare developmental disorder characterized by α-thalassemia and intellectual disability called Alpha Thalassemia/mental Retardation syndrome X-linked (ATRX) syndrome. Since its discovery as a helicase involved in alpha-globin gene transcriptional regulation, our understanding of the multiple roles played by the ATRX protein increased continuously, leading to the recognition of this multifaceted protein as a central “caretaker” of the human genome involved in cancer suppression. In this review, we report recent advances in the comprehension of the ATRX manifold functions that encompass heterochromatin epigenetic regulation and maintenance, telomere function, replicative stress response, genome stability, and the suppression of endogenous transposable elements and exogenous viral genomes.
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5
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Sun Y, Ding S. ER-Mitochondria Contacts and Insulin Resistance Modulation through Exercise Intervention. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249587. [PMID: 33339212 PMCID: PMC7765572 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) makes physical contacts with mitochondria at specific sites, and the hubs between the two organelles are called mitochondria-associated ER membranes (MAMs). MAMs are known to play key roles in biological processes, such as intracellular Ca2+ regulation, lipid trafficking, and metabolism, as well as cell death, etc. Studies demonstrated that dysregulation of MAMs significantly contributed to insulin resistance. Alterations of MAMs’ juxtaposition and integrity, impaired expressions of insulin signaling molecules, disruption of Ca2+ homeostasis, and compromised metabolic flexibility are all actively involved in the above processes. In addition, exercise training is considered as an effective stimulus to ameliorate insulin resistance. Although the underlying mechanisms for exercise-induced improvement in insulin resistance are not fully understood, MAMs may be critical for the beneficial effects of exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Sun
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China;
- College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Shuzhe Ding
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China;
- College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
- Correspondence:
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6
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Sun J, Lou Y, Zhu J, Shen H, Zhou D, Zhu L, Yang X, Xie M, Li L, Huang X, Zhu M, Zheng Y, Xie W, Ye X, Jin J, Zhu HH. Hypertriglyceridemia in Newly Diagnosed Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia. Front Oncol 2020; 10:577796. [PMID: 33324553 PMCID: PMC7724081 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.577796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The primary aim of the present retrospective study was to investigate lipid profiles and kinetics in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) patients. We analyzed 402 newly diagnosed APL patients and 201 non-APL patients with acute myeloid leukemia (as control). Incidence of hypertriglyceridemia in APL patients and non-APL patients was 55.82% and 28.4% (p = 0.0003). The initial levels of triglycerides, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were higher in APL patients than in control (all p < 0.0001). In APL patients, triglyceride levels were significantly increased during induction treatment with all-trans retinoic acid and arsenic. Multivariable analysis showed that age, being overweight (body mass index ≥25) and APL were independent risk factors for hypertriglyceridemia in all patients before treatment. High triglyceride levels were not significantly associated with disease-free survival or overall survival in the APL patients. In summary, in the current study triglyceride levels were significantly elevated in APL patients before treatment, and they increased during induction treatment, but there were no significant corresponding effects on survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianai Sun
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Hematology Oncology Diagnosis and Treatment, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yinjun Lou
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Hematology Oncology Diagnosis and Treatment, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Zhu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Hematology Oncology Diagnosis and Treatment, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huafei Shen
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Hematology Oncology Diagnosis and Treatment, Hangzhou, China
| | - De Zhou
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Hematology Oncology Diagnosis and Treatment, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lixia Zhu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Hematology Oncology Diagnosis and Treatment, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiudi Yang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Hematology Oncology Diagnosis and Treatment, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mixue Xie
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Hematology Oncology Diagnosis and Treatment, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Hematology Oncology Diagnosis and Treatment, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xianbo Huang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Hematology Oncology Diagnosis and Treatment, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mingyu Zhu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Hematology Oncology Diagnosis and Treatment, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanlong Zheng
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Hematology Oncology Diagnosis and Treatment, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wanzhuo Xie
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Hematology Oncology Diagnosis and Treatment, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiujin Ye
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Hematology Oncology Diagnosis and Treatment, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie Jin
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Hematology Oncology Diagnosis and Treatment, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hong-Hu Zhu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Hematology Oncology Diagnosis and Treatment, Hangzhou, China
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7
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Li Y, Ma X, Wu W, Chen Z, Meng G. PML Nuclear Body Biogenesis, Carcinogenesis, and Targeted Therapy. Trends Cancer 2020; 6:889-906. [PMID: 32527650 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2020.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Targeted therapy has become increasingly important in cancer therapy. For example, targeting the promyelocytic leukemia PML protein in leukemia has proved to be an effective treatment. PML is the core component of super-assembled structures called PML nuclear bodies (NBs). Although this nuclear megaDalton complex was first observed in the 1960s, the mechanism of its assembly remains poorly understood. We review recent breakthroughs in the PML field ranging from a revised assembly mechanism to PML-driven genome organization and carcinogenesis. In addition, we highlight that oncogenic oligomerization might also represent a promising target in the treatment of leukemias and solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, National Research Center for Translational Medicine, Rui-Jin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Xiaodan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, National Research Center for Translational Medicine, Rui-Jin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Wenyu Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, National Research Center for Translational Medicine, Rui-Jin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Zhu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, National Research Center for Translational Medicine, Rui-Jin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Guoyu Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, National Research Center for Translational Medicine, Rui-Jin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
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8
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Lee J, Salsman J, Foster J, Dellaire G, Ridgway ND. Lipid-associated PML structures assemble nuclear lipid droplets containing CCTα and Lipin1. Life Sci Alliance 2020; 3:3/8/e202000751. [PMID: 32461215 PMCID: PMC7266991 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202000751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PML proteins assemble into noncanonical lipid-associated PML structures (LAPS) on nuclear lipid droplets, which recruit CCTα and Lipin1 for the synthesis of phosphatidylcholine and triacylglycerol. Nuclear lipid droplets (nLDs) form on the inner nuclear membrane by a mechanism involving promyelocytic leukemia (PML), the protein scaffold of PML nuclear bodies. We report that PML structures on nLDs in oleate-treated U2OS cells, referred to as lipid-associated PML structures (LAPS), differ from canonical PML nuclear bodies by the relative absence of SUMO1, SP100, and DAXX. These nLDs were also enriched in CTP:phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase α (CCTα), the phosphatidic acid phosphatase Lipin1, and DAG. Translocation of CCTα onto nLDs was mediated by its α-helical M-domain but was not correlated with its activator DAG. High-resolution imaging revealed that CCTα and LAPS occupied distinct polarized regions on nLDs. PML knockout U2OS (PML KO) cells lacking LAPS had a 40–50% reduction in nLDs with associated CCTα, and residual nLDs were almost devoid of Lipin1 and DAG. As a result, phosphatidylcholine and triacylglycerol synthesis was inhibited in PML KO cells. We conclude that in response to excess exogenous fatty acids, LAPS are required to assemble nLDs that are competent to recruit CCTα and Lipin1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonghwa Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Jayme Salsman
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Jason Foster
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Graham Dellaire
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada .,Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Neale D Ridgway
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada .,Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
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9
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Regulation of PKCβ levels and autophagy by PML is essential for high-glucose-dependent mesenchymal stem cell adipogenesis. Int J Obes (Lond) 2018; 43:963-973. [PMID: 30082750 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-018-0167-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Obesity is a complex disease characterized by the accumulation of excess body fat, which is caused by an increase in adipose cell size and number. The major source of adipocytes comes from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), although their roles in obesity remain unclear. An understanding of the mechanisms, regulation, and outcomes of adipogenesis is crucial for the development of new treatments for obesity-related diseases. Recently an unexpected role for the tumor suppressor promyelocytic leukemia protein (PML) in hematopoietic stem cell biology and metabolism regulation has come to light, but its role in MSC biology remains unknown. Here, we investigated the molecular pathway underlying the role of PML in the control of adipogenic MSC differentiation. SUBJECTS/METHODS Muscle-derived stem cells (MDSCs) and adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) obtained from mice and voluntary patients (as a source of MSCs) were cultured in the presence of high glucose (HG) concentration, a nutrient stress condition known to promote MSCs differentiation into mature adipocytes and the adipogenic potential of PML was assessed. RESULTS PML is essential for a correct HG-dependent adipogenic differentiation, and the enhancement of PML levels is fundamental during adipogenesis. Increased PML expression enables the upregulation of protein kinase Cβ (PKCβ), which, in turn, by controlling autophagy levels permits an increase in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) that leads the adipogenic differentiation. Therefore, genetic and pharmacological depletion of PML prevents PKCβ expression, and by increasing autophagy levels, impairs the MSCs adipogenic differentiation. Human ADSCs isolated from overweight patients displayed increased PML and PKCβ levels compared to those found in normal weight individuals, indicating that the PML-PKCβ pathway is directly involved in the enhancement of adipogenesis and human metabolism. CONCLUSIONS The new link found among PML, PKCβ, and autophagy opens new therapeutic avenues for diseases characterized by an imbalance in the MSCs differentiation process, such as metabolic syndromes and cancer.
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10
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Chen D, Feng C, Tian X, Zheng N, Wu Z. Promyelocytic Leukemia Restricts Enterovirus 71 Replication by Inhibiting Autophagy. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1268. [PMID: 29922292 PMCID: PMC5996053 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The promyelocytic leukemia (PML) protein, also known as TRIM19, functions as a major organizer of PML nuclear bodies (NBs) in most mammalian cells and plays important roles in antiviral activities against both DNA and RNA viruses. In this study, we found that the downregulation of PML rendered HeLa cells more susceptible to infection by enterovirus 71 (EV71), and the overexpression of the PMLIII or PMLIV isoforms inhibited viral protein expression and resulted in viral titers that were 2–3 log units lower than those in the control. Using short interfering RNAs, the downregulation of either the PMLIII or PMLIV isoform increased both viral protein VP1 expression and viral production. The PML repression of EV71 replication was partially mediated by the inhibition of autophagy, and PML deficiency triggered autophagy. Furthermore, the EV71 infection resulted in a reduction in PML independent of the proteasome pathway. Instead, PML degradation was mediated by virus protease 3Cpro. In conclusion, PML contributes to a cellular antiviral effect by inhibiting autophagy, which is countered by a disruption of promyelocytic leukemia protein-nuclear bodies mediated by viral protease 3Cpro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deyan Chen
- Center for Public Health Research, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chunhong Feng
- Center for Public Health Research, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Tian
- Center for Public Health Research, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Nan Zheng
- Center for Public Health Research, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Medical School, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhiwei Wu
- Center for Public Health Research, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Medical School, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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11
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Chung YL, Wu ML. The Role of Promyelocytic Leukemia Protein in Steatosis-Associated Hepatic Tumors Related to Chronic Hepatitis B virus Infection. Transl Oncol 2018; 11:743-754. [PMID: 29684791 PMCID: PMC6050444 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2018.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The persistence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) is a risk factor for the development of steatosis-associated tumors in chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, yet little is known about the metabolic link with this factor. We correlated HBV-related pathogenesis in genetically engineered mice and human carriers with metabolic proteomics and lipogenic gene expression profiles. The immunohistochemistry showed that the promyelocytic leukemia protein (PML, a tumor suppressor involved in genome maintenance and fatty acid oxidation), being inversely influenced by the dynamic HBsAg levels from acute phase to seroclearance, appeared as a lipo-metabolic switch linking HBsAg-induced steatosis (lipogenesis) to HBsAg-lost fat-burning hepatocarcinogenesis (lipolysis). Knockdown of PML in HBsAg-transgenic mice predisposed to obesity and drove early steatosis-specific liver tumorigenesis. Proteome analysis revealed that the signaling pathways corresponding to energy metabolism and its regulators were frequently altered by suppression or depletion of PML in the HBsAg-transgenic mice, mainly including oxidative phosphorylation and fatty acid metabolism. Expression profiling further identified upregulation of stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (Scd1) and epigenetic methylation of NDUFA13 in the mitochondrial respiratory chain and the cell cycle inhibitor CDKN1c in concordance to the increased severity of lipodystrophy and neoplasia in the livers of HBsAg-transgenic mice with PML insufficiency. The defect in lipolysis in PML-deficient HBsAg-transgenic mice made the HBsAg-induced adipose-like liver tumors vulnerable to synthetic lethality from toxic saturated fat accumulation with a Scd1 inhibitor. Our findings provide mechanistic insights into the evolution of steatosis-associated hepatic tumors driven by reciprocal interactions of HBsAg and PML, and a potential utility of lipid metabolic reprogramming as a treatment target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yih-Lin Chung
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Koo Foundation Sun-Yat-Sen Cancer Center, Taipei 112, Taiwan.
| | - Mei-Ling Wu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Koo Foundation Sun-Yat-Sen Cancer Center, Taipei 112, Taiwan
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12
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Hsu KS, Kao HY. PML: Regulation and multifaceted function beyond tumor suppression. Cell Biosci 2018; 8:5. [PMID: 29416846 PMCID: PMC5785837 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-018-0204-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Promyelocytic leukemia protein (PML) was originally identified as a fusion partner of retinoic acid receptor alpha in acute promyelocytic leukemia patients with the (15;17) chromosomal translocation, giving rise to PML–RARα and RARα–PML fusion proteins. A body of evidence indicated that PML possesses tumor suppressing activity by regulating apoptosis, cell cycle, senescence and DNA damage responses. PML is enriched in discrete nuclear substructures in mammalian cells with 0.2–1 μm diameter in size, referred to as alternately Kremer bodies, nuclear domain 10, PML oncogenic domains or PML nuclear bodies (NBs). Dysregulation of PML NB formation results in altered transcriptional regulation, protein modification, apoptosis and cellular senescence. In addition to PML NBs, PML is also present in nucleoplasm and cytoplasmic compartments, including the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria-associated membranes. The role of PML in tumor suppression has been extensively studied but increasing evidence indicates that PML also plays versatile roles in stem cell renewal, metabolism, inflammatory responses, neural function, mammary development and angiogenesis. In this review, we will briefly describe the known PML regulation and function and include new findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Sheng Hsu
- 1Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA.,Present Address: Tumor Angiogenesis Section, Mouse Cancer Genetics Program (MCGP), National Cancer Institute (NCI), NIH, Frederick, MD 21702 USA
| | - Hung-Ying Kao
- 1Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA.,The Comprehensive Cancer Center of Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals of Cleveland, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA
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13
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PML nuclear bodies, membrane-less domains acting as ROS sensors? Semin Cell Dev Biol 2017; 80:29-34. [PMID: 29157919 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Revised: 11/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
PML Nuclear bodies (PML NBs) are spherical domains associated with a broad range of activities upon stress responses such as apoptosis, senescence DNA repair, epigenetic control, as well as control of oncogenesis. These bodies are considered as privileged sites for post-translational modifications, where sumoylation plays a key role. Here we summarize recent in vitro and in vivo findings on the link between PML NBs and ROS, in particular PML contributions to oxidative stress response. We discuss how it may regulate switch from cell protection against stress to cell arrest/cell death.
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14
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Tessier S, Martin-Martin N, de Thé H, Carracedo A, Lallemand-Breitenbach V. Promyelocytic Leukemia Protein, a Protein at the Crossroad of Oxidative Stress and Metabolism. Antioxid Redox Signal 2017; 26:432-444. [PMID: 27758112 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2016.6898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Cellular metabolic activity impacts the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), both positively through mitochondrial oxidative processes and negatively by promoting the production of reducing agents (including NADPH and reduced glutathione). A defined metabolic state in cancer cells is critical for cell growth and long-term self-renewal, and such state is intrinsically associated with redox balance. Promyelocytic leukemia protein (PML) regulates several biological processes, at least in part, through its ability to control the assembly of PML nuclear bodies (PML NBs). Recent Advances: PML is oxidation-prone, and oxidative stress promotes NB biogenesis. These nuclear subdomains recruit many nuclear proteins and regulate their SUMOylation and other post-translational modifications. Some of these cargos-such as p53, SIRT1, AKT, and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)-are key regulators of cell fate. PML was also recently shown to regulate oxidation. CRITICAL ISSUES While it was long considered primarily as a tumor suppressor protein, PML-regulated metabolic switch uncovered that this protein could promote survival and/or stemness of some normal or cancer cells. In this study, we review the recent findings on this multifunctional protein. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Studying PML scaffolding functions as well as its fine role in the activation of p53 or fatty acid oxidation will bring new insights in how PML could bridge oxidative stress, senescence, cell death, and metabolism. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 26, 432-444.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Tessier
- 1 Collège de France , Paris, France .,2 INSERM UMR 944, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie , Paris, France .,3 CNRS UMR 7212 , Paris France .,4 Université Paris Diderot-Sorbonne Paris Cité , Paris, France
| | | | - Hugues de Thé
- 1 Collège de France , Paris, France .,2 INSERM UMR 944, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie , Paris, France .,3 CNRS UMR 7212 , Paris France .,4 Université Paris Diderot-Sorbonne Paris Cité , Paris, France .,6 AP-HP, Service de Biochimie, Hôpital St. Louis , Paris, France
| | - Arkaitz Carracedo
- 5 CIC bioGUNE , Bizkaia Technology Part, Derio, Spain .,7 IKERBASQUE , Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain .,8 Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) , Bilbao, Spain
| | - Valérie Lallemand-Breitenbach
- 1 Collège de France , Paris, France .,2 INSERM UMR 944, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie , Paris, France .,3 CNRS UMR 7212 , Paris France .,4 Université Paris Diderot-Sorbonne Paris Cité , Paris, France
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15
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Hepatic Transcriptome Profiles of Mice with Diet-Induced Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis Treated with Astaxanthin and Vitamin E. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18030593. [PMID: 28282876 PMCID: PMC5372609 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18030593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Astaxanthin alleviates hepatic lipid accumulation and peroxidation, inflammation, and fibrosis in mice with high-cholesterol, high-cholate, and high-fat (CL) diet-induced nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). It has been proposed as a potential new treatment to inhibit the progression of NASH in humans. In this study, we compared hepatic gene expression profiles after treatment with astaxanthin or the antioxidant vitamin E in mice with CL diet-induced NASH. Comprehensive gene expression analyses of the livers of mice fed a standard, CL, or CL diet containing astaxanthin or vitamin E for 12 weeks were performed using a DNA microarray. Both astaxanthin and vitamin E effectively improved gene expression associated with eukaryotic initiation factor-2 (EIF2) signaling, which is suppressed in NASH by endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in the liver. However, astaxanthin did not improve the expression of genes associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. Astaxanthin, but not vitamin E, was predicted to suppress the actions of ligand-dependent nuclear receptors peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors, (PPAR) α (PPARA) and PPARδ (PPARD), and to affect related molecules. Establishing a new therapy using astaxanthin will require elucidation of astaxanthin’s molecular action on the functions of PPARα and related molecules in the livers of mice with diet-induced NASH.
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Nuclear bodies reorganize during myogenesis in vitro and are differentially disrupted by expression of FSHD-associated DUX4. Skelet Muscle 2016; 6:42. [PMID: 27906075 PMCID: PMC5134237 DOI: 10.1186/s13395-016-0113-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nuclear bodies, such as nucleoli, PML bodies, and SC35 speckles, are dynamic sub-nuclear structures that regulate multiple genetic and epigenetic processes. Additional regulation is provided by RNA/DNA handling proteins, notably TDP-43 and FUS, which have been linked to ALS pathology. Previous work showed that mouse cell line myotubes have fewer but larger nucleoli than myoblasts, and we had found that nuclear aggregation of TDP-43 in human myotubes was induced by expression of DUX4-FL, a transcription factor that is aberrantly expressed and causes pathology in facioscapulohumeral dystrophy (FSHD). However, questions remained about nuclear bodies in human myogenesis and in muscle disease. Methods We examined nucleoli, PML bodies, SC35 speckles, TDP-43, and FUS in myoblasts and myotubes derived from healthy donors and from patients with FSHD, laminin-alpha-2-deficiency (MDC1A), and alpha-sarcoglycan-deficiency (LGMD2D). We further examined how these nuclear bodies and proteins were affected by DUX4-FL expression. Results We found that nucleoli, PML bodies, and SC35 speckles reorganized during differentiation in vitro, with all three becoming less abundant in myotube vs. myoblast nuclei. In addition, though PML bodies did not change in size, both nucleoli and SC35 speckles were larger in myotube than myoblast nuclei. Similar patterns of nuclear body reorganization occurred in healthy control, MDC1A, and LGMD2D cultures, as well as in the large fraction of nuclei that did not show DUX4-FL expression in FSHD cultures. In contrast, nuclei that expressed endogenous or exogenous DUX4-FL, though retaining normal nucleoli, showed disrupted morphology of some PML bodies and most SC35 speckles and also co-aggregation of FUS with TDP-43. Conclusions Nucleoli, PML bodies, and SC35 speckles reorganize during human myotube formation in vitro. These nuclear body reorganizations are likely needed to carry out the distinct gene transcription and splicing patterns that are induced upon myotube formation. DUX4-FL-induced disruption of some PML bodies and most SC35 speckles, along with co-aggregation of TDP-43 and FUS, could contribute to pathogenesis in FSHD, perhaps by locally interfering with genetic and epigenetic regulation of gene expression in the small subset of nuclei that express high levels of DUX4-FL at any one time.
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Missiroli S, Bonora M, Patergnani S, Poletti F, Perrone M, Gafà R, Magri E, Raimondi A, Lanza G, Tacchetti C, Kroemer G, Pandolfi PP, Pinton P, Giorgi C. PML at Mitochondria-Associated Membranes Is Critical for the Repression of Autophagy and Cancer Development. Cell Rep 2016; 16:2415-27. [PMID: 27545895 PMCID: PMC5011426 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.07.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Revised: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The precise molecular mechanisms that coordinate apoptosis and autophagy in cancer remain to be determined. Here, we provide evidence that the tumor suppressor promyelocytic leukemia protein (PML) controls autophagosome formation at mitochondria-associated membranes (MAMs) and, thus, autophagy induction. Our in vitro and in vivo results demonstrate how PML functions as a repressor of autophagy. PML loss promotes tumor development, providing a growth advantage to tumor cells that use autophagy as a cell survival strategy during stress conditions. These findings demonstrate that autophagy inhibition could be paired with a chemotherapeutic agent to develop anticancer strategies for tumors that present PML downregulation. PML regulates autophagic processes from ER/MAM domains in a Ca2+-dependent manner Localization of PML away from the MAMs is dependent on p53 Activation of autophagy by PML depletion promotes survival under stress conditions Block of autophagy restores the activity of chemotherapy in PML-downregulated tumors
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Missiroli
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology and LTTA Center, University of Ferrara, Ferrara 44121, Italy
| | - Massimo Bonora
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology and LTTA Center, University of Ferrara, Ferrara 44121, Italy
| | - Simone Patergnani
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology and LTTA Center, University of Ferrara, Ferrara 44121, Italy
| | - Federica Poletti
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology and LTTA Center, University of Ferrara, Ferrara 44121, Italy
| | - Mariasole Perrone
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology and LTTA Center, University of Ferrara, Ferrara 44121, Italy
| | - Roberta Gafà
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Anatomic Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics, University of Ferrara, Ferrara 44121, Italy
| | - Eros Magri
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Anatomic Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics, University of Ferrara, Ferrara 44121, Italy
| | - Andrea Raimondi
- Experimental Imaging Center, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20132, Italy
| | - Giovanni Lanza
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Anatomic Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics, University of Ferrara, Ferrara 44121, Italy
| | - Carlo Tacchetti
- Experimental Imaging Center, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20132, Italy; Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa 16132, Italy
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Equipe 11 Labellisée par la Ligue contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris 75006, France; Cell Biology and Metabolomics platforms, Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Center, Villejuif 94800, France; INSERM, U1138, Paris 75006, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris 75006, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris VI, Paris 75006, France; Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris 75015, France; Karolinska Institute and Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska University Hospital Q2:07, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pier Paolo Pandolfi
- Cancer Genetics Program, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Paolo Pinton
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology and LTTA Center, University of Ferrara, Ferrara 44121, Italy
| | - Carlotta Giorgi
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology and LTTA Center, University of Ferrara, Ferrara 44121, Italy.
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18
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Guan D, Kao HY. The function, regulation and therapeutic implications of the tumor suppressor protein, PML. Cell Biosci 2015; 5:60. [PMID: 26539288 PMCID: PMC4632682 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-015-0051-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor suppressor protein, promyelocytic leukemia protein (PML), was originally identified in acute promyelocytic leukemia due to a chromosomal translocation between chromosomes 15 and 17. PML is the core component of subnuclear structures called PML nuclear bodies (PML-NBs), which are disrupted in acute promyelocytic leukemia cells. PML plays important roles in cell cycle regulation, survival and apoptosis, and inactivation or down-regulation of PML is frequently found in cancer cells. More than 120 proteins have been experimentally identified to physically associate with PML, and most of them either transiently or constitutively co-localize with PML-NBs. These interactions are associated with many cellular processes, including cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, senescence, transcriptional regulation, DNA repair and intermediary metabolism. Importantly, PML inactivation in cancer cells can occur at the transcriptional-, translational- or post-translational- levels. However, only a few somatic mutations have been found in cancer cells. A better understanding of its regulation and its role in tumor suppression will provide potential therapeutic opportunities. In this review, we discuss the role of PML in multiple tumor suppression pathways and summarize the players and stimuli that control PML protein expression or subcellular distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyin Guan
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, and Comprehensive Cancer Center of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA
| | - Hung-Ying Kao
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, and Comprehensive Cancer Center of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA
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Gao J, Yan J, Xu M, Ren S, Xie W. CAR Suppresses Hepatic Gluconeogenesis by Facilitating the Ubiquitination and Degradation of PGC1α. Mol Endocrinol 2015; 29:1558-70. [PMID: 26407237 DOI: 10.1210/me.2015-1145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1α (PGC1α) are master regulators of drug metabolism and gluconeogenesis, respectively. In supporting the cross talk between drug metabolism and energy metabolism, activation of CAR has been shown to suppress hepatic gluconeogenesis and ameliorate hyperglycemia in vivo, but the underlying molecular mechanism remains elusive. In this study, we demonstrated that CAR suppressed hepatic gluconeogenic gene expression through posttranslational regulation of the subcellular localization and degradation of PGC1α. Activated CAR translocated into the nucleus and served as an adaptor protein to recruit PGC1α to the Cullin1 E3 ligase complex for ubiquitination. The interaction between CAR and PGC1α also led to their sequestration within the promyelocytic leukemia protein-nuclear bodies, where PGC1α and CAR subsequently underwent proteasomal degradation. Taken together, our findings revealed an unexpected function of CAR in recruiting an E3 ligase and targeting the gluconeogenic activity of PGC1α. Both drug metabolism and gluconeogenesis are energy-demanding processes. The negative regulation of PGC1α by CAR may represent a cellular adaptive mechanism to accommodate energy-restricted conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Gao
- Center for Pharmacogenetics and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (J.G., J.Y., M.X., S.R., W.X.), and Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology (W.X.), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261
| | - Jiong Yan
- Center for Pharmacogenetics and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (J.G., J.Y., M.X., S.R., W.X.), and Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology (W.X.), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261
| | - Meishu Xu
- Center for Pharmacogenetics and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (J.G., J.Y., M.X., S.R., W.X.), and Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology (W.X.), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261
| | - Songrong Ren
- Center for Pharmacogenetics and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (J.G., J.Y., M.X., S.R., W.X.), and Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology (W.X.), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261
| | - Wen Xie
- Center for Pharmacogenetics and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (J.G., J.Y., M.X., S.R., W.X.), and Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology (W.X.), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261
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20
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Carracedo A, Rousseau D, Douris N, Fernández-Ruiz S, Martín-Martín N, Weiss D, Webster K, Adams AC, Vazquez-Chantada M, Martinez-Chantar ML, Anty R, Tran A, Maratos-Flier E, Gual P, Pandolfi PP. The promyelocytic leukemia protein is upregulated in conditions of obesity and liver steatosis. Int J Biol Sci 2015; 11:629-32. [PMID: 25999785 PMCID: PMC4440252 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.11615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Arkaitz Carracedo
- 1. Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Department of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA ; 2. CIC bioGUNE, Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio, Spain ; 3. IKERBASQUE, Basque foundation for science, Bilbao, Spain ; 4. Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), P. O. Box 644, E-48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Déborah Rousseau
- 5. INSERM, U1065, Team 8, "Hepatic Complications in Obesity", Nice, F-06204, Cedex 3, France ; 6. University of Nice-Sophia-Antipolis, Faculty of Medecine, Nice, F-06107, Cedex 2, France
| | - Nicholas Douris
- 7. Division of Endocrinology; Department of Medicine,Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA 02215, USA
| | | | | | - Dror Weiss
- 1. Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Department of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kaitlyn Webster
- 1. Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Department of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrew C Adams
- 7. Division of Endocrinology; Department of Medicine,Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA 02215, USA ; 8. Lilly Research Laboratories, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | | | - Maria L Martinez-Chantar
- 2. CIC bioGUNE, Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio, Spain ; 9. Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd)
| | - Rodolphe Anty
- 5. INSERM, U1065, Team 8, "Hepatic Complications in Obesity", Nice, F-06204, Cedex 3, France ; 6. University of Nice-Sophia-Antipolis, Faculty of Medecine, Nice, F-06107, Cedex 2, France ; 10. CHU of Nice, Digestive Center, Nice, F-06202, Cedex 3, France
| | - Albert Tran
- 5. INSERM, U1065, Team 8, "Hepatic Complications in Obesity", Nice, F-06204, Cedex 3, France ; 6. University of Nice-Sophia-Antipolis, Faculty of Medecine, Nice, F-06107, Cedex 2, France ; 10. CHU of Nice, Digestive Center, Nice, F-06202, Cedex 3, France
| | - Eleftheria Maratos-Flier
- 7. Division of Endocrinology; Department of Medicine,Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA 02215, USA
| | - Philippe Gual
- 5. INSERM, U1065, Team 8, "Hepatic Complications in Obesity", Nice, F-06204, Cedex 3, France ; 6. University of Nice-Sophia-Antipolis, Faculty of Medecine, Nice, F-06107, Cedex 2, France
| | - Pier Paolo Pandolfi
- 1. Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Department of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Guo S, Cheng X, Lim JH, Liu Y, Kao HY. Control of antioxidative response by the tumor suppressor protein PML through regulating Nrf2 activity. Mol Biol Cell 2014; 25:2485-98. [PMID: 24943846 PMCID: PMC4142619 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e13-11-0692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PML plays a critical role in the maintenance of ROS homeostasis via a unique mechanism in which PML functions as an oxidative sensor to regulate the expression of antioxidant genes through Nrf2. PML is also indispensable for sulforaphane-mediated ROS generation, Nrf2 activation, antiproliferation, antimigration, and antiangiogenesis. Oxidative stress is a consequence of an imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and the ability of the cytoprotective system to detoxify the reactive intermediates. The tumor suppressor promyelocytic leukemia protein (PML) functions as a stress sensor. Loss of PML results in impaired mitochondrial complex II activity, increased ROS, and subsequent activation of nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2 (Nrf2) antioxidative pathway. We also demonstrate that sulforaphane (SFN), an antioxidant, regulates Nrf2 activity by controlling abundance and subcellular distribution of PML and that PML is essential for SFN-mediated ROS increase, Nrf2 activation, antiproliferation, antimigration, and antiangiogenesis. Taking the results together, we have uncovered a novel antioxidative mechanism by which PML regulates cellular oxidant homeostasis by controlling complex II integrity and Nrf2 activity and identified PML as an indispensable mediator of SFN activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Guo
- Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Xiwen Cheng
- Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Jun-Hee Lim
- Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Hung-Ying Kao
- Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106Comprehensive Cancer Center of Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals of Cleveland, Cleveland, OH 44106
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22
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Bernardi R, Pandolfi PP. A Dialog on the First 20 Years of PML Research and the Next 20 Ahead. Front Oncol 2014; 4:23. [PMID: 24575390 PMCID: PMC3919016 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2014.00023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This introductory article has been written in the form of a conversation between Pier Paolo Pandolfi, Director of the Cancer Center of Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center in Boston, and Rosa Bernardi, a former post-doctoral fellow in the laboratory of Dr. Pandolfi, now principal investigator at San Raffaele Scientific Institute in Milan, Italy. We have chosen this atypical review format because we want to offer to our readers a more direct and personal perspective on the first 20 years of research over the promyelocytic leukemia gene. This article begins as an interview, but soon transforms into a dialog where we exchange our thoughts on a number of issues around the past, present, and future research over the biology of PML. We were particularly keen on emphasizing the aspects that we find most interesting or challenging, therefore, we warn our readers that this will not be a comprehensive essay but rather a very personal view of what has been, is, and will be exciting and interesting in the PML world, in our opinion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Bernardi
- Division of Molecular Oncology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute , Milano , Italy
| | - Pier Paolo Pandolfi
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Department of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA , USA
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