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Evolution of protease activation and specificity via alpha-2-macroglobulin-mediated covalent capture. Nat Commun 2023; 14:768. [PMID: 36765057 PMCID: PMC9918453 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36099-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Tailoring of the activity and specificity of proteases is critical for their utility across industrial, medical and research purposes. However, engineering or evolving protease catalysts is challenging and often labour intensive. Here, we describe a generic method to accelerate this process based on yeast display. We introduce the protease selection system A2Mcap that covalently captures protease catalysts by repurposed alpha-2-macroglobulin (A2Ms). To demonstrate the utility of A2Mcap for protease engineering we exemplify the directed activity and specificity evolution of six serine proteases. This resulted in a variant of Staphylococcus aureus serin-protease-like (Spl) protease SplB, an enzyme used for recombinant protein processing, that no longer requires activation by N-terminal signal peptide removal. SCHEMA-based domain shuffling was used to map the specificity determining regions of Spl proteases, leading to a chimeric scaffold that supports specificity switching via subdomain exchange. The ability of A2Mcap to overcome key challenges en route to tailor-made proteases suggests easier access to such reagents in the future.
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2
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Deepika G, Subbarayadu S, Chaudhary A, Sarma PVGK. Dibenzyl (benzo [d] thiazol-2-yl (hydroxy) methyl) phosphonate (DBTMP) showing anti-S. aureus and anti-biofilm properties by elevating activities of serine protease (SspA) and cysteine protease staphopain B (SspB). Arch Microbiol 2022; 204:397. [PMID: 35708833 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-022-02974-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus biofilms are the pathogenic factor in the spread of infection and are more pronounced in multidrug-resistant strains of S. aureus, where high expression of proteases is observed. Among various proteases, Serine protease (SspA) and cysteine protease Staphopain B (SspB) are known to play a key role in the biofilm formation and removal of biofilms. In earlier studies, we have reported Dibenzyl (benzo [d] thiazol-2-yl (hydroxy) methyl) phosphonate (DBTMP) exhibits anti-S. aureus and anti-biofilm properties by elevating the expression of the protease. In this study, the effect of DBTMP on the activities of SspA, and SspB of S. aureus was evaluated. The SspA and SspB genes of S. aureus ATCC12600 were sequenced (Genbank accession numbers: MZ456982 and MW574006). In S. aureus active SspA is formed by proteolytic cleavage of immature SspA, to get this mature SspA (mSspA), we have PCR amplified the mSspA sequence from the SspA gene. The mSspA and SspB genes were cloned, expressed, and characterized. The pure recombinant proteins rSspB and rmSspA exhibited a single band in SDS-PAGE with a molecular weight of 40 and 30 KD, respectively. The activities of rmSspA and rSspB are 32.33 and 35.45 Units/mL correspondingly. DBTMP elevated the activities of rmSspA and rSspB by docking with respective enzymes. This compound disrupted the biofilms formed by the multidrug-resistant strains of S. aureus and further prevented biofilm formation. These findings explain that DBTMP possesses anti-S. aureus and anti-biofilm features.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Deepika
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Venkateswara Institute of Medical Sciences, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, 517507, India
| | - S Subbarayadu
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Venkateswara Institute of Medical Sciences, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, 517507, India
| | - Abhijit Chaudhary
- Department of Microbiology, Sri Padmavati Medical College (Women), SVIMS, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, 517507, India
| | - P V G K Sarma
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Venkateswara Institute of Medical Sciences, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, 517507, India.
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3
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The protease SplB of Staphylococcus aureus targets host complement components and inhibits complement-mediated bacterial opsonophagocytosis. J Bacteriol 2021; 204:e0018421. [PMID: 34633872 PMCID: PMC8765433 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00184-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is an opportunistic pathogen that can cause life-threatening infections, particularly in immunocompromised individuals. The high-level virulence of S. aureus largely relies on its diverse and variable collection of virulence factors and immune evasion proteins, including the six serine protease-like proteins SplA to SplF. Spl proteins are expressed by most clinical isolates of S. aureus, but little is known about the molecular mechanisms by which these proteins modify the host’s immune response for the benefit of the bacteria. Here, we identify SplB as a protease that inactivates central human complement proteins, i.e., C3, C4, and the activation fragments C3b and C4b, by preferentially cleaving their α-chains. SplB maintained its proteolytic activity in human serum, degrading C3 and C4. SplB further cleaved the components of the terminal complement pathway, C5, C6, C7, C8, and C9. In contrast, the important soluble human complement regulators factor H and C4b-binding protein (C4BP), as well as C1q, were left intact. Thereby, SplB reduced C3b-mediated opsonophagocytosis by human neutrophils as well as C5b-9 deposition on the bacterial surface. In conclusion, we identified the first physiological substrates of the S. aureus extracellular protease SplB. This enzyme inhibits all three complement pathways and blocks opsonophagocytosis. Thus, SplB can be considered a novel staphylococcal complement evasion protein. IMPORTANCE The success of bacterial pathogens in immunocompetent humans depends on the control and inactivation of host immunity. S. aureus, like many other pathogens, efficiently blocks host complement attack early in infection. Aiming to understand the role of the S. aureus-encoded orphan proteases of the Spl operon, we asked whether these proteins play a role in immune escape. We found that SplB inhibits all three complement activation pathways as well as the lytic terminal complement pathway. This blocks the opsonophagocytosis of the bacteria by neutrophils. We also clarified the molecular mechanisms: SplB cleaves the human complement proteins C3, C4, C5, C6, C7, C8, and C9 as well as factor B but not the complement inhibitors factor H and C4BP. Thus, we identify the first physiological substrates of the extracellular protease SplB of S. aureus and characterize SplB as a novel staphylococcal complement evasion protein.
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Frey AM, Chaput D, Shaw LN. Insight into the human pathodegradome of the V8 protease from Staphylococcus aureus. Cell Rep 2021; 35:108930. [PMID: 33826899 PMCID: PMC8054439 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.108930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus possesses ten extracellular proteases with mostly unknown targets in the human proteome. To assist with bacterial protease target discovery, we have applied and compared two N-terminomics methods to investigate cleavage of human serum proteins by S. aureus V8 protease, discovering 85 host-protein targets. Among these are virulence-relevant complement, iron sequestration, clotting cascade, and host protease inhibitor proteins. Protein cleavage sites have been identified, providing insight into the disruption of host protein function by V8. Complement proteins are cleaved within peptidase and sushi domains, and host protease inhibitors are cleaved outside their protease-trapping motifs. Our data highlight the potential for further application of N-terminomics in discovery of bacterial protease substrates in other host niches and provide omics-scale insight into the role of the V8 protease in S. aureus pathogenesis. S. aureus-secreted proteases are central to disease causation, but the discovery of their host substrates has been limited. Frey et al. use N-terminomic approaches to uncover human serum targets of the V8 protease that are from virulence-relevant processes such as the host inflammatory network and nutrient sequestration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Michael Frey
- Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology & Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | - Dale Chaput
- Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology & Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | - Lindsey Neil Shaw
- Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology & Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA.
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5
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Structural Determinants of Substrate Specificity of SplF Protease from Staphylococcus aureus. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22042220. [PMID: 33672341 PMCID: PMC7926377 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22042220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that six proteases encoded in the spl operon of a dangerous human pathogen, Staphylococcus aureus, may play a role in virulence. Interestingly, SplA, B, D, and E have complementary substrate specificities while SplF remains to be characterized in this regard. Here, we describe the prerequisites of a heterologous expression system for active SplF protease and characterize the enzyme in terms of substrate specificity and its structural determinants. Substrate specificity of SplF is comprehensively profiled using combinatorial libraries of peptide substrates demonstrating strict preference for long aliphatic sidechains at the P1 subsite and significant selectivity for aromatic residues at P3. The crystal structure of SplF was provided at 1.7 Å resolution to define the structural basis of substrate specificity of SplF. The obtained results were compared and contrasted with the characteristics of other Spl proteases determined to date to conclude that the spl operon encodes a unique extracellular proteolytic system.
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Manne K, Narayana SVL. Structural insights into the role of the N-terminus in the activation and function of extracellular serine protease from Staphylococcus epidermidis. Acta Crystallogr D Struct Biol 2020; 76:28-40. [PMID: 31909741 PMCID: PMC6939437 DOI: 10.1107/s2059798319015055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular serine protease (Esp) from Staphylococcus epidermidis is a glutamyl endopeptidase that inhibits the growth and formation of S. aureus biofilms. Previously, crystal structures of the matured and active Esp have been determined. Interestingly, many of the staphylococcal glutamyl endopeptidase zymogens, including V8 from Staphylococcus aureus and Esp from S. epidermidis, contain unusually long pro-peptide segments; however, their function is not known. With the aim of elucidating the function of these pro-peptide segments, crystal structures of the Esp zymogen (Pro-Esp) and its variants were determined. It was observed that the N-terminus of the Pro-Esp crystal structure is flexible and is not associated with the main body of the enzyme, unlike in the known active Esp structure. In addition, the loops that border the putative substrate-binding pocket of Pro-Esp are flexible and disordered; the structural components that are responsible for enzyme specificity and efficiency in serine proteases are disordered in Pro-Esp. However, the N-terminal locked Pro-Esp variants exhibit a rigid substrate-binding pocket similar to the active Esp structure and regain activity. These structural studies highlight the role of the N-terminus in stabilizing the structural components responsible for the activity and specificity of staphylococcal glutamyl endopeptidases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kartik Manne
- Center for Biophysical Sciences and Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Sthanam V. L. Narayana
- Center for Biophysical Sciences and Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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Vermeulen RR, Van Staden ADP, Dicks L. Heterologous Expression of the Class IIa Bacteriocins, Plantaricin 423 and Mundticin ST4SA, in Escherichia coli Using Green Fluorescent Protein as a Fusion Partner. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1634. [PMID: 32765464 PMCID: PMC7381239 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The antilisterial class IIa bacteriocins, plantaricin 423 and mundticin ST4SA, have previously been purified from the cell-free supernatants of Lactobacillus plantarum 423 and Enterococcus mundtii ST4SA, respectively. Here, we present the fusions of mature plantaricin 423 and mundticin ST4SA to His-tagged green fluorescent protein (GFP) for respective heterologous expression in Escherichia coli. Fusion of plantaricin 423 and mundticin ST4SA to His-tagged GFP produced the fusion proteins GFP-PlaX and GFP-MunX, respectively. Both fusion proteins were autofluorescent, circumvented inclusion body formation and lowered the toxicity of class IIa bacteriocins during heterologous expression. Not only did GFP-class IIa fusion stabilize heterologous expression and boost yields, the fluorescent intensity of GFP-PlaX and GFP-MunX could be monitored quantitatively and qualitatively throughout expression and purification. This robust fluorometric property allowed rapid optimization of conditions for expression and bacteriocin liberation from GFP via the incorporated WELQut protease cleavage sequence. Incubation temperature and IPTG concentration had a significant effect on bacteriocin yield, and was optimal at 18°C and 0.1-0.2 mM, respectively. GFP-MunX was approximately produced at a yield of 153.30 mg/L culture which resulted in 12.4 mg/L active mundticin ST4SA after liberation and HPLC purification. While GFP-PlaX was produced at a yield of 121.29 mg/L culture, evidence suggests heterologous expression resulted in conformation isomers of WELQut liberated plantaricin 423.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anton Du Preez Van Staden
- Department of Microbiology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
- *Correspondence: Anton Du Preez Van Staden,
| | - Leon Dicks
- Department of Microbiology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
- Leon Dicks,
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Somogyi M, Szimler T, Baksa A, Végh BM, Bakos T, Paréj K, Ádám C, Zsigmond Á, Megyeri M, Flachner B, Sajó R, Gráczer É, Závodszky P, Hajdú I, Beinrohr L. A versatile modular vector set for optimizing protein expression among bacterial, yeast, insect and mammalian hosts. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0227110. [PMID: 31887188 PMCID: PMC6936851 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
We have developed a unified, versatile vector set for expression of recombinant proteins, fit for use in any bacterial, yeast, insect or mammalian cell host. The advantage of this system is its versatility at the vector level, achieved by the introduction of a novel expression cassette. This cassette contains a unified multi-cloning site, affinity tags, protease cleavable linkers, an optional secretion signal, and common restriction endonuclease sites at key positions. This way, genes of interest and all elements of the cassette can be switched freely among the vectors, using restriction digestion and ligation without the need of polymerase chain reaction (PCR). This vector set allows rapid protein expression screening of various hosts and affinity tags. The reason behind this approach was that it is difficult to predict which expression host and which affinity tag will lead to functional expression. The new system is based on four optimized and frequently used expression systems (Escherichia coli pET, the yeast Pichia pastoris, pVL and pIEx for Spodoptera frugiperda insect cells and pLEXm based mammalian systems), which were modified as described above. The resulting vector set was named pONE series. We have successfully applied the pONE vector set for expression of the following human proteins: the tumour suppressor RASSF1A and the protein kinases Aurora A and LIMK1. Finally, we used it to express the large multidomain protein, Rho-associated protein kinase 2 (ROCK2, 164 kDa) and demonstrated that the yeast Pichia pastoris reproducibly expresses the large ROCK2 kinase with identical activity to the insect cell produced counterpart. To our knowledge this is among the largest proteins ever expressed in yeast. This demonstrates that the cost-effective yeast system can match and replace the industry-standard insect cell expression system even for large and complex mammalian proteins. These experiments demonstrate the applicability of our pONE vector set.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márk Somogyi
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Pázmány Péter sétány, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamás Szimler
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Pázmány Péter sétány, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Attila Baksa
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Pázmány Péter sétány, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Barbara M. Végh
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Pázmány Péter sétány, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamás Bakos
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Pázmány Péter sétány, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Katalin Paréj
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Pázmány Péter sétány, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Csaba Ádám
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Pázmány Péter sétány, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Áron Zsigmond
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Pázmány Péter sétány, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Márton Megyeri
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Pázmány Péter sétány, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Beáta Flachner
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Pázmány Péter sétány, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ráchel Sajó
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Pázmány Péter sétány, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Éva Gráczer
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Pázmány Péter sétány, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Závodszky
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Pázmány Péter sétány, Budapest, Hungary
| | - István Hajdú
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Pázmány Péter sétány, Budapest, Hungary
- * E-mail: (LB); (IH)
| | - László Beinrohr
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Pázmány Péter sétány, Budapest, Hungary
- * E-mail: (LB); (IH)
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9
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Veillard F, Sztukowska M, Nowakowska Z, Mizgalska D, Thøgersen IB, Enghild JJ, Bogyo M, Potempa B, Nguyen KA, Potempa J. Proteolytic processing and activation of gingipain zymogens secreted by T9SS of Porphyromonas gingivalis. Biochimie 2019; 166:161-172. [PMID: 31212040 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2019.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis uses a type IX secretion system (T9SS) to deliver more than 30 proteins to the bacterial surface using a conserved C-terminal domain (CTD) as an outer membrane translocation signal. On the surface, the CTD is cleaved and an anionic lipopolysaccharide (A-PLS) is attached by PorU sortase. Among T9SS cargo proteins are cysteine proteases, gingipains, which are secreted as inactive zymogens requiring removal of an inhibiting N-terminal prodomain (PD) for activation. Here, we have shown that the gingipain proRgpB isolated from the periplasm of a T9SS-deficient P. gingivalis strain was stable and did not undergo autocatalytic activation. Addition of purified, active RgpA or RgpB, but not Lys-specific Kgp, efficiently cleaved the PD of proRgpB but catalytic activity remained inhibited because of inhibition of the catalytic domain in trans by the PD. In contrast, active RgpB was generated from the zymogen, although at a slow rate, by gingipain-null P. gingivalis lysate or intact bacterial cell suspension. This activation was dependent on the presence of the PorU sortase. Interestingly, maturation of proRgpB with the catalytic cysteine residues mutated to Ala expressed in the ΔRgpA mutant strain was indistinguishable from that in the parental strain. Cumulatively, this suggests that PorU not only has sortase activity but is also engaged in activation of gingipain zymogens on the bacterial cell surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Veillard
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Insect Models of Innate Immunity (M3I; UPR9022), 67084, Strasbourg, France; Department of Oral Immunity and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, KY, USA.
| | - Maryta Sztukowska
- Department of Oral Immunity and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, KY, USA; University of Information Technology and Management, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Zuzanna Nowakowska
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland; Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Danuta Mizgalska
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Ida B Thøgersen
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), and the Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, DK-8000, Denmark
| | - Jan J Enghild
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), and the Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, DK-8000, Denmark
| | - Matthew Bogyo
- Department of Pathology and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Barbara Potempa
- Department of Oral Immunity and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Ky-Anh Nguyen
- Discipline of Life Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia; Institute of Dental Research, Westmead Centre for Oral Health, Sydney, NSW, 2145, Australia
| | - Jan Potempa
- Department of Oral Immunity and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, KY, USA; Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.
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Abouelhassan Y, Zhang Y, Jin S, Huigens RW. Transcript Profiling of MRSA Biofilms Treated with a Halogenated Phenazine Eradicating Agent: A Platform for Defining Cellular Targets and Pathways Critical to Biofilm Survival. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201809785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasmeen Abouelhassan
- Department of Medicinal ChemistryCenter for Natural Products, Drug Discovery and Development (CNPD3)College of PharmacyUniversity of Florida 1345 Center Drive Gainesville FL USA
| | - Yanping Zhang
- Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research (ICBR)Gene Expression and GenotypingUniversity of Florida USA
| | - Shouguang Jin
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, College of MedicineUniversity of Florida USA
| | - Robert W. Huigens
- Department of Medicinal ChemistryCenter for Natural Products, Drug Discovery and Development (CNPD3)College of PharmacyUniversity of Florida 1345 Center Drive Gainesville FL USA
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11
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Abouelhassan Y, Zhang Y, Jin S, Huigens RW. Transcript Profiling of MRSA Biofilms Treated with a Halogenated Phenazine Eradicating Agent: A Platform for Defining Cellular Targets and Pathways Critical to Biofilm Survival. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:15523-15528. [PMID: 30230671 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201809785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial biofilms are surface-attached communities of non-replicating bacteria innately tolerant to antibiotics. Biofilms display differential gene expression profiles and physiologies as compared to their planktonic counterparts; however, their biology remains largely unknown. In this study, we used a halogenated phenazine (HP) biofilm eradicator in transcript profiling experiments (RNA-seq) to define cellular targets and pathways critical to biofilm viability. WoPPER analysis with time-course validation (RT-qPCR) revealed that HP-14 induces rapid iron starvation in MRSA biofilms, as evident by the activation of iron-acquisition gene clusters in 1 hour. Serine proteases and oligopeptide transporters were also found to be up-regulated, whereas glycolysis, arginine deiminase, and urease gene clusters were down-regulated. KEGG analysis revealed that HP-14 impacts metabolic and ABC transporter functional pathways. These findings suggest that MRSA biofilm viability relies on iron homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmeen Abouelhassan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Natural Products, Drug Discovery and Development (CNPD3), College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, 1345 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Yanping Zhang
- Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research (ICBR), Gene Expression and Genotyping, University of Florida, USA
| | - Shouguang Jin
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, USA
| | - Robert W Huigens
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Natural Products, Drug Discovery and Development (CNPD3), College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, 1345 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL, USA
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13
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Structural insight into a novel neutral metalloproteinase from Paenibacillus spp. BD3526: Implications for mechanisms of rapid inactivation and calcium-dependent stability. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 95:1082-1090. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.10.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Revised: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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