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Moghadam A, Moghadam N, Doremami V, Pishghadam S, Mafi A. A New Experimental Technique for Complete Extraction of Mandibular First Molar Teeth in Rats. J Vet Dent 2024; 41:288-292. [PMID: 37259559 DOI: 10.1177/08987564231177576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Intact extraction of the mandibular first molar tooth is an interesting model for studies of alveolar bone healing. The aim of this study was to describe a new experimental technique for extraction of rat mandibular first molar teeth with crown and all 4 roots intact using controlled forces applied to the teeth. One hundred and twenty female Sprague-Dawley rats were used from a center for experimental animal research. Animals underwent general anesthesia and were then placed in a special dental unit (designed by Moghadam) for the extraction of rat teeth. After syndesmotomy, luxation of the tooth began with a tipping movement in the buccal direction with a very low range of motion for 1 s. A tipping movement in the lingual direction was then used to continue luxation. After a maximum of 10 repetitions, the tooth was left alone for 30 s. After 3-4 stages of this cycle, the tooth loosened. To complete the luxation, the same forces were applied in the buccal and lingual directions with larger amplitude for 3 s. After this step, the tooth was loose enough to be easily extracted. The alveolus was then sutured closed. The results showed no hemorrhage or fracture of crowns and mesial or distal roots, and only 8% of the buccal and lingual roots fractured. The technique designed and used in this study was shown to be an effective model for complete molar tooth extraction in the rat. This technique could also be used in the treatment of other rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Moghadam
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
- Neuroscience Research Center, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | - Niloofar Moghadam
- Faulty of Dentistry, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | - Vahid Doremami
- Faulty of Dentistry, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | - Saeede Pishghadam
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Afsaneh Mafi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
- Neuroscience Research Center, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
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2
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Ruiz BI, Lowman XH, Yang Y, Fan Q, Wang T, Wu H, Hanse EA, Kong M. Alpha-Ketoglutarate Regulates Tnfrsf12a/Fn14 Expression via Histone Modification and Prevents Cancer-Induced Cachexia. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1818. [PMID: 37761958 PMCID: PMC10531467 DOI: 10.3390/genes14091818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that inhibition of TNF family member FN14 (gene: TNFRSF12A) in colon tumors decreases inflammatory cytokine expression and mitigates cancer-induced cachexia. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of FN14 expression remain unclear. Tumor microenvironments are often devoid of nutrients and oxygen, yet how the cachexic response relates to the tumor microenvironment and, importantly, nutrient stress is unknown. Here, we looked at the connections between metabolic stress and FN14 expression. We found that TNFRSF12A expression was transcriptionally induced during glutamine deprivation in cancer cell lines. We also show that the downstream glutaminolysis metabolite, alpha-ketoglutarate (aKG), is sufficient to rescue glutamine-deprivation-promoted TNFRSF12A induction. As aKG is a co-factor for histone de-methylase, we looked at histone methylation and found that histone H3K4me3 at the Tnfrsf12a promoter is increased under glutamine-deprived conditions and rescued via DM-aKG supplementation. Finally, expression of Tnfrsf12a and cachexia-induced weight loss can be inhibited in vivo by DM-aKG in a mouse cancer cachexia model. These findings highlight a connection between metabolic stress and cancer cachexia development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Mei Kong
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
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3
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Sinai Khandeparker RV, Kamat RD, Shetye OA, Mandrekar P, Desai SK, Dhupar V. The Palatal Elevation Technique (PET) for Intra-alveolar Extraction of Grossly Decayed Maxillary Third Molars. Cureus 2023; 15:e46127. [PMID: 37900467 PMCID: PMC10612431 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.46127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Intra-alveolar extraction of maxillary third molars always poses a challenge to dental practitioners owing to limited accessibility and minimal space for dental forceps application. Dental elevators facilitate the extraction of such teeth. In the traditional technique as described in the literature, the elevator is always introduced from the mesiobuccal aspect of the tooth to engage the space between the interdental bone and the offending tooth to use it as a fulcrum. However, certain situations prevent proper application of the elevator from the buccal aspect of the offending tooth to bring about luxation. One such situation is a grossly decayed third molar tooth, especially from the mesiobuccal aspect with destruction of the tooth substance extending below the cementoenamel junction. Another such situation is observed in patients presenting with thick and inextensible cheeks but a good interincisal opening. In either situation, it becomes very challenging to achieve a good purchase for luxation of the offending third molar. The authors have therefore described a modified technique of tooth elevation, the palatal elevation technique (PET), using the palatal bone instead of the buccal bone as the fulcrum which was observed to be effective in such situations. In the authors' view, PET is simple and quick and can effectively be employed as an alternative to the traditional technique of tooth elevation in all cases that require an intra-alveolar extraction of maxillary third molars.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rahul D Kamat
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Goa Dental College and Hospital, Bambolim, IND
| | - Omkar A Shetye
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Goa Dental College and Hospital, Bambolim, IND
| | - Pooja Mandrekar
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Goa Dental College and Hospital, Bambolim, IND
| | - Sayali K Desai
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Goa Dental College and Hospital, Bambolim, IND
| | - Vikas Dhupar
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Goa Dental College and Hospital, Bambolim, IND
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4
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Ren D, Liu R, Yan X, Zhang Q, Zeng X, Yuan X. Intensive stretch-activated CRT-PMCA1 feedback loop promoted apoptosis of myoblasts through Ca 2+ overloading. Apoptosis 2022; 27:929-945. [PMID: 35976579 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-022-01759-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Mechanical stretch exerted pro-apoptotic effect on myoblasts, the mechanism of which is currently unknown. Intracellular Ca2+ accumulation has been implicated in stretch-induced apoptosis. calreticulin (CRT) and plasma membrane Ca2+ transporting ATPase 1 (PMCA1) are two critical components of Ca2+ signaling system participating in intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis. In this study, we explored the contribution of CRT and PMCA1 in mediating stretch-induced Ca2+ accumulation and apoptosis of myoblasts. Stretching stimuli elevated level of CRT while inhibited activity of PMCA1. Moreover, there were bidirectional regulations between CRT and PMCA1, which formed the positive feedback loop leading to continuous increment of CRT level and repression of PMCA1 activity, in stretched myoblasts. Specifically, increased CRT level inhibited PMCA1 activity via suppressing Calmodulin (CaM), while reduced PMCA1 activity promoted CRT expression through activating p38MAPK pathway. Thus, the CRT-CaM-PMCA1 and PMCA1-p38MAPK-CRT pathways constituted a close cycle comprising CRT, PMCA1, CaM and p38MAPK. Inhibition of both CaM and p38MAPK affected the other three factors in stretched myoblasts. Circulation of the vicious cycle resulted in escalated Ca2+ overloading in myoblasts under continuous stretching stimuli. CRT knock-down, PMCA1 overexpression, and p38MAPK inhibition all attenuated the raised intracellular Ca2+ level and ameliorated myoblast apoptosis in the stretching environment. Conversely, CRT overexpression, PMCA1 knock-down, and CaM inhibition all aggravated stretch-induced Ca2+ overloading and myoblast apoptosis. A positive feedback loop between CRT and PMCA1 was activated in stretched myoblasts, which contributed to intracellular Ca2+ accumulation and resultant myoblast apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dapeng Ren
- Department of Stomatology Medical Center, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Central Laboratory of Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ran Liu
- Department of Stomatology Medical Center, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Central Laboratory of Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiao Yan
- Department of Stomatology Medical Center, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Central Laboratory of Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Stomatology Medical Center, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Central Laboratory of Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xuemin Zeng
- Department of Stomatology Medical Center, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Central Laboratory of Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiao Yuan
- Department of Stomatology Medical Center, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China. .,Central Laboratory of Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China. .,Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
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5
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Zhu D, Zhou W, Wang Z, Wang Y, Liu M, Zhang G, Guo X, Kang X. Periostin: An Emerging Molecule With a Potential Role in Spinal Degenerative Diseases. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:694800. [PMID: 34513869 PMCID: PMC8430223 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.694800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Periostin, an extracellular matrix protein, is widely expressed in a variety of tissues and cells. It has many biological functions and is related to many diseases: for example, it promotes cell proliferation and differentiation in osteoblasts, which are closely related to osteoporosis, and mediates cell senescence and apoptosis in chondrocytes, which are involved in osteoarthritis. Furthermore, it also plays an important role in mediating inflammation and reconstruction during bronchial asthma, as well as in promoting bone development, reconstruction, repair, and strength. Therefore, periostin has been explored as a potential biomarker for various diseases. Recently, periostin has also been found to be expressed in intervertebral disc cells as a component of the intervertebral extracellular matrix, and to play a crucial role in the maintenance and degeneration of intervertebral discs. This article reviews the biological role of periostin in bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells, osteoblasts, osteoclasts, chondrocytes, and annulus fibrosus and nucleus pulposus cells, which are closely related to spinal degenerative diseases. The study of its pathophysiological effects is of great significance for the diagnosis and treatment of spinal degeneration, although additional studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daxue Zhu
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China.,Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wupin Zhou
- The 947th Army Hospital of the Chinese PLA, Kashgar, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yidian Wang
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China.,Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Mingqiang Liu
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China.,Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Guangzhi Zhang
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China.,Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xudong Guo
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China.,Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xuewen Kang
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China.,Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
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6
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Wang H, Chinnathambi A, Alahmadi TA, Alharbi SA, Veeraraghavan VP, Krishna Mohan S, Hussain S, Ramamoorthy K, Rengarajan T. Phyllanthin inhibits MOLT-4 leukemic cancer cell growth and induces apoptosis through the inhibition of AKT and JNK signaling pathway. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2021; 35:1-10. [PMID: 33724660 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Among cancers, leukemia is a multistep progression that involves genetic modifications of normal hematopoietic progenitor cells to cancerous cells. In recent times, leukemia cases and their mortality rate have increased rapidly. Therefore, the immense need for a therapeutic approach is crucial that can control this type of cancer. Phyllanthin is a lignan compound constituent from the Phyllanthus species and has numerous beneficial effects as a dietary component. The present study aims to determine the impact of phyllanthin on the MOLT-4 cytotoxic effect. MOLT-4 cells and MS-5 cells were cultured at different concentrations of phyllanthin (5, 10, 25, 50, 75, and 100 μM/ml), and the viability was assessed by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide method. The level of reactive oxygen species, the membrane potential of mitochondria, apoptosis by 2',7'-dichlorofluorescin-diacetate (DCF-DA), rhodamine, acridine orange (AO)/ethidium bromide (EB), 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI)/propidium iodide (PI) staining, gene expression of signaling molecules, and protein levels were assessed by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis. Phyllanthin did not show toxicity toward MS-5 cells and significantly decreased the cell viability of MOLT-4 cells with an IC50 value of 25 µM/ml. Also, phyllanthin induced the production of reactive oxygen species and led to the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential. AO/EB and DAPI/PI staining fluorescent image confirmed the induction of apoptosis by phyllanthin treatment. The messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of cell cycle regulator cyclin D1, antiapoptotic gene Bcl-2, NF-κB, and TNF-α decreased, but the proapoptotic Bax mRNA expression was increased. The phosphorylated protein levels of p-PI3K1/2, p-ERK1/2, and p-AKT were decreased, whereas the levels of p-p38 and p-JNKT1/2 increased. Our results confirmed that phyllanthin inhibits the MOLT-4 cells, increases apoptosis, and inhibits MOLT-4 migration and cell invasion. Therefore, phyllanthin can be used as a potential target for leukemia treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Department of Hematology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Arunachalam Chinnathambi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tahani Awad Alahmadi
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, King Saud University [Medical City], King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh-, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sulaiman Ali Alharbi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Vishnu Priya Veeraraghavan
- Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Surapaneni Krishna Mohan
- Department of Biochemistry, Clinical Skills & Simulation and Research, Panimalar Medical College Hospital & Research Institute, Varadharajapuram, Poonamallee, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sardar Hussain
- Department of Biotechnology, Government Science College, Chitradurga, Karnataka, India
| | - Kavitha Ramamoorthy
- Department of Biotechnology, Periyar University PG Extension Centre, Dharmapuri, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Thamaraiselvan Rengarajan
- Scigen Research and Innovation Pvt. Ltd., Periyar Technology Business Incubator, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
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7
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MEKK2 mediates aberrant ERK activation in neurofibromatosis type I. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5704. [PMID: 33177525 PMCID: PMC7658220 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19555-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurofibromatosis type I (NF1) is characterized by prominent skeletal manifestations caused by NF1 loss. While inhibitors of the ERK activating kinases MEK1/2 are promising as a means to treat NF1, the broad blockade of the ERK pathway produced by this strategy is potentially associated with therapy limiting toxicities. Here, we have sought targets offering a more narrow inhibition of ERK activation downstream of NF1 loss in the skeleton, finding that MEKK2 is a novel component of a noncanonical ERK pathway in osteoblasts that mediates aberrant ERK activation after NF1 loss. Accordingly, despite mice with conditional deletion of Nf1 in mature osteoblasts (Nf1fl/fl;Dmp1-Cre) and Mekk2−/− each displaying skeletal defects, Nf1fl/fl;Mekk2−/−;Dmp1-Cre mice show an amelioration of NF1-associated phenotypes. We also provide proof-of-principle that FDA-approved inhibitors with activity against MEKK2 can ameliorate NF1 skeletal pathology. Thus, MEKK2 functions as a MAP3K in the ERK pathway in osteoblasts, offering a potential new therapeutic strategy for the treatment of NF1. Neurofibromatosis type I (NF1) is characterized by prominent skeletal abnormalities mediated in part by aberrant ERK pathway activation due to NF1 loss-of-function. Here, the authors report the MEKK2 is a key mediator of this aberrant ERK activation and that MEKK2 inhibitors, including ponatinib, ameliorate skeletal defects in a mouse model of NF1.
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8
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Carina V, Della Bella E, Costa V, Bellavia D, Veronesi F, Cepollaro S, Fini M, Giavaresi G. Bone's Response to Mechanical Loading in Aging and Osteoporosis: Molecular Mechanisms. Calcif Tissue Int 2020; 107:301-318. [PMID: 32710266 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-020-00724-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mechanotransduction is pivotal in the maintenance of homeostasis in different tissues and involves multiple cell signaling pathways. In bone, mechanical stimuli regulate the balance between bone formation and resorption; osteocytes play a central role in this regulation. Dysfunctions in mechanotransduction signaling or in osteocytes response lead to an imbalance in bone homeostasis. This alteration is very relevant in some conditions such as osteoporosis and aging. Both are characterized by increased bone weakness due to different causes, for example, the increase of osteocyte apoptosis that cause an alteration of fluid space, or the alteration of molecular pathways. There are intertwined yet very different mechanisms involved among the cell-intrinsic effects of aging on bone, the cell-intrinsic and tissue-level effects of estrogen/androgen withdrawal on bone, and the effects of reduced mechanical loading on bone, which are all involved to some degree in how aged bone fails to respond properly to stress/strain compared to younger bone. This review aims at clarifying how the cellular and molecular pathways regulated and induced in bone by mechanical stimulation are altered with aging and in osteoporosis, to highlight new possible targets for antiresorptive or anabolic bone therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Carina
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, SC Scienze e Tecnologie Chirurgiche - SS Piattaforma Scienze Omiche per Ortopedia Personalizzata, Via Di Barbiano, 1/10, 40136, Bologna, Italy.
| | | | - Viviana Costa
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, SC Scienze e Tecnologie Chirurgiche - SS Piattaforma Scienze Omiche per Ortopedia Personalizzata, Via Di Barbiano, 1/10, 40136, Bologna, Italy
| | - Daniele Bellavia
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, SC Scienze e Tecnologie Chirurgiche - SS Piattaforma Scienze Omiche per Ortopedia Personalizzata, Via Di Barbiano, 1/10, 40136, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Veronesi
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, SC Scienze e Tecnologie Chirurgiche - SS Piattaforma Scienze Omiche per Ortopedia Personalizzata, Via Di Barbiano, 1/10, 40136, Bologna, Italy
| | - Simona Cepollaro
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, SC Scienze e Tecnologie Chirurgiche - SS Piattaforma Scienze Omiche per Ortopedia Personalizzata, Via Di Barbiano, 1/10, 40136, Bologna, Italy
| | - Milena Fini
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, SC Scienze e Tecnologie Chirurgiche - SS Piattaforma Scienze Omiche per Ortopedia Personalizzata, Via Di Barbiano, 1/10, 40136, Bologna, Italy
| | - Gianluca Giavaresi
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, SC Scienze e Tecnologie Chirurgiche - SS Piattaforma Scienze Omiche per Ortopedia Personalizzata, Via Di Barbiano, 1/10, 40136, Bologna, Italy
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9
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Guo J, Wang Z, Weng Y, Yuan H, Yoshida K, Ikegame M, Uchibe K, Kamioka H, Ochiai K, Okamura H, Qiu L. N-(3-oxododecanoyl)-homoserine lactone regulates osteoblast apoptosis and differentiation by mediating intracellular calcium. Cell Signal 2020; 75:109740. [PMID: 32818672 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is associated with periapical periodontitis. The lesions are characterized by a disorder in osteoblast metabolism. Quorum sensing molecular N-(3-oxododecanoyl)-homoserine lactone (AHL) is secreted by P. aeruginosa and governs the expression of numerous virulence factors. AHL can trigger intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) fluctuations in many host cells. However, it is unclear whether AHL can regulate osteoblast metabolism by affecting [Ca2+]i changes or its spatial correlation. We explored AHL-induced apoptosis and differentiation in pre-osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells and evaluated [Ca2+]i mobilization using several extraction methods. The spatial distribution pattern of [Ca2+]i among cells was investigated by Moran's I, an index of spatial autocorrelation. We found that 30 μM and 50 μM AHL triggered opposing osteoblast fates. At 50 μM, AHL inhibited osteoblast differentiation by promoting mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis and negatively regulating osteogenic marker genes, including Runx2, Osterix, bone sialoprotein (Bsp), and osteocalcin (OCN). In contrast, prolonged treatment with 30 μM AHL promoted osteoblast differentiation concomitantly with cell apoptosis. The elevation of [Ca2+]i levels in osteoblasts treated with 50 μM AHL was spatially autocorrelated, while no such phenomenon was observed in 30 μM AHL-treated osteoblasts. The blocking of cell-to-cell spatial autocorrelation in the osteoblasts provoked by 50 μM AHL significantly inhibited apoptosis and partially restored differentiation. Our observations suggest that AHL affects the fate of osteoblasts (apoptosis and differentiation) by affecting the spatial correlation of [Ca2+]i changes. Thus, AHL acts as a double-edged sword for osteoblast function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajie Guo
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, China; Department of Oral Morphology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Ziyi Wang
- Department of Orthodontics, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan; Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yao Weng
- Department of Oral Morphology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Haoze Yuan
- Department of Oral Morphology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Kaya Yoshida
- Department of Oral Healthcare Education, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Mika Ikegame
- Department of Oral Morphology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Kenta Uchibe
- Department of Oral Morphology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kamioka
- Department of Orthodontics, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Ochiai
- Laboratory of Veterinary Hygiene, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirohiko Okamura
- Department of Oral Morphology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan.
| | - Lihong Qiu
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, China.
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10
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Wang L, Deng L, Lin N, Shi Y, Chen J, Zhou Y, Chen D, Liu S, Li C. Berberine inhibits proliferation and apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells induced by mechanical stretch via the PDI/ERS and MAPK pathways. Life Sci 2020; 259:118253. [PMID: 32795536 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIMS We recently demonstrated that mechanical stretch increases the proliferation and apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) by activating the protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) redox system, thus accelerating atherosclerotic lesion formation in the transplanted vein. At present, there are no efficient intervention measures to prevent this phenomenon. Berberine inhibits pathological vascular remodeling caused by hypertension, but the underlying mechanism is controversial. Herein, we investigate the role of berberine and the underlying mechanism of its effects on mechanical stretch-induced VSMC proliferation and apoptosis. MAIN METHODS Mouse VSMCs cultivated on flexible membranes were pretreated for 1 h with one of the following substances: berberine, PDI inhibitor bacitracin, MAPK inhibitors, or ERS inhibitor 4-PBA. VSMCs were then subjected to mechanical stretch. Immunofluorescence and western blot were used to detect proliferation and apoptosis, as well as to analyze signaling pathways in VSMCs. KEY FINDINGS Our results showed that berberine inhibits the PDI-endoplasmic reticulum stress system, thereby attenuating the simultaneous increase of VSMC proliferation and apoptosis in response to mechanical stretch. Interestingly, MAPK inhibitors PD98059, SP600125, and SB202190 significantly reduced the activation of ERS signaling cascades, and their combination with berberine had additive effects. The ERS inhibitor 4-PBA reduced PDI activation and ERS signaling, but not MAPK phosphorylation. Moreover, caspase-3 and caspase-12 were downregulated by berberine. SIGNIFICANCE These results illustrate a novel mechanism of action of berberine that has practical implications. Our data provide important insights for the prevention and treatment of vascular remodeling and diseases caused by mechanical stretching during hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linli Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, China
| | - Lie Deng
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, China
| | - Ning Lin
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, China
| | - Yi Shi
- Division of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, China
| | - Jingbo Chen
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, China
| | - Dadi Chen
- Experimental Center for Basic Medical Teaching, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, China
| | - Shuying Liu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, China.
| | - Chaohong Li
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, China.
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11
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Song J, Liu L, Lv L, Hu S, Tariq A, Wang W, Dang X. Fluid shear stress induces Runx-2 expression via upregulation of PIEZO1 in MC3T3-E1 cells. Cell Biol Int 2020; 44:1491-1502. [PMID: 32181967 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Mechanically induced biological responses in bone cells involve a complex biophysical process. Although various mechanosensors have been identified, the precise mechanotransduction pathway remains poorly understood. PIEZO1 is a newly discovered mechanically activated ion channel in bone cells. This study aimed to explore the involvement of PIEZO1 in mechanical loading (fluid shear stress)-induced signaling cascades that control osteogenesis. The results showed that fluid shear stress increased PIEZO1 expression in MC3T3-E1 cells. The fluid shear stress elicited the key osteoblastic gene Runx-2 expression; however, PIEZO1 silencing using small interference RNA blocked these effects. The AKT/GSK-3β/β-catenin pathway was activated in this process. PIEZO1 silencing impaired mechanically induced activation of the AKT/GSK-3β/β-catenin pathway. Therefore, the results demonstrated that MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts required PIEZO1 to adapt to the external mechanical fluid shear stress, thereby inducing osteoblastic Runx-2 gene expression, partly through the AKT/GSK-3β/β-catenin pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jidong Song
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Liying Liu
- The Center Laboratory for Biomedical Research, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Leifeng Lv
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shugang Hu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Alkhatatbeh Tariq
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wei Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaoqian Dang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China
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12
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Closer to Nature Through Dynamic Culture Systems. Cells 2019; 8:cells8090942. [PMID: 31438519 PMCID: PMC6769584 DOI: 10.3390/cells8090942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanics in the human body are required for normal cell function at a molecular level. It is now clear that mechanical stimulations play significant roles in cell growth, differentiation, and migration in normal and diseased cells. Recent studies have led to the discovery that normal and cancer cells have different mechanosensing properties. Here, we discuss the application and the physiological and pathological meaning of mechanical stimulations. To reveal the optimal conditions for mimicking an in vivo microenvironment, we must, therefore, discern the mechanotransduction occurring in cells.
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13
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Mo SJ, Zhang W, Liu JQ, Chen MH, Xu L, Hong J, Li Q, Yang XH, Sun RH, Hu BC. Regulation of Fn14 stability by SCFFbxw7α during septic acute kidney injury. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2019; 316:F1273-F1281. [PMID: 31017010 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00627.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) initiated by sepsis remains a thorny problem despite recent advancements in its clinical management. Having been found to be activated during AKI, fibroblast growth factor-inducible molecule 14 (Fn14) may be a potential therapeutic target because of its involvement in the molecular basis of injury. Here, we report that LPS induces apoptosis of mouse cortical tubule cells mediated by Fn14, for which simultaneous Toll-like receptor (TLR)4 activation is required. Mechanistically, TLR4 activation by lipopolysaccharide, through disassociating E3 ligase SCFFbxw7α from Fn14, dismantles Lys48-linked polyubiquitination of Fn14 and stabilizes it. Pharmacological deactivation of Fn14 with monoclonal antibody ITEM-2 provides effective protection against lethal sepsis and AKI in mice. Our study underscores an adaptive mechanism whereby TLR4 regulates SCFFbxw7α-dependent Fn14 stabilization during inflammatory tubular damage and further supports investigation of targeting Fn14 in clinical trials of patients with septic AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Jing Mo
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jing-Quan Liu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Min-Hua Chen
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liang Xu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jun Hong
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiang-Hong Yang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ren-Hua Sun
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bang-Chuan Hu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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14
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Su Z, Xu T, Wang Y, Guo X, Tu J, Zhang D, Kong X, Sheng Y, Sun W. Low‑intensity pulsed ultrasound promotes apoptosis and inhibits angiogenesis via p38 signaling‑mediated endoplasmic reticulum stress in human endothelial cells. Mol Med Rep 2019; 19:4645-4654. [PMID: 30957188 PMCID: PMC6522835 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant increase in angiogenesis contributes to the progression of malignant solid tumors. An alternative anti-angiogenesis therapy is critical for cancer, since the current anti-angiogenesis drugs lack specificity for tumor cells. In the present study, the effects and mechanisms of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and human microvascular endothelial cells (HMECs) were investigated, and the therapeutic potential of this technology was assessed. HUVECs and HMECs were treated with LIPUS (0.5 MHz; 210 mW/cm2) for 1 min and cultured for 24 h. Flow cytometry and Cell Counting Kit-8 assays demonstrated that LIPUS treatment at a dose of 210 mW/cm2 promoted apoptosis and decreased the viability in HUVECs and HMECs. Real-time cell analysis also revealed that LIPUS did not affect the proliferation or migration of HUVECs. An endothelial cell tube formation assay indicated that LIPUS treatment inhibited the angiogenic ability of HUVECs and HMECs. Furthermore, LIPUS increased the protein levels of the apoptosis-associated cleaved Caspase-3 and decreased the B-cell lymphoma-2 levels. LIPUS increased the phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and the levels of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-associated markers, including activating transcription factor-4 (ATF-4) and phosphorylated eukaryotic initiation factor 2α (eIF2α). The p38 inhibitor SB203580 reversed the pro-apoptotic and anti-angiogenic effects of LIPUS in cells. Finally, inhibition of p38 decreased the LIPUS-induced elevation of p-eIF2α and ATF-4 levels. Taken together, these results suggested that LIPUS promoted apoptosis and inhibited angiogenesis in human endothelial cells via the activation of p38 MAPK-mediated ER stress signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongping Su
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Tianhua Xu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Yaqing Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Xiasheng Guo
- Key Laboratory of Modern Acoustics, Department of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructure, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, P.R. China
| | - Juan Tu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Acoustics, Department of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructure, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, P.R. China
| | - Dong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Acoustics, Department of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructure, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, P.R. China
| | - Xiangqing Kong
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Yanhui Sheng
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
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15
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Zhang J, Xu S, Zhang Y, Zou S, Li X. Effects of equibiaxial mechanical stretch on extracellular matrix-related gene expression in human calvarial osteoblasts. Eur J Oral Sci 2018; 127:10-18. [PMID: 30474904 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical stretch commonly promotes craniofacial suture remodeling during interceptive orthodontics. The mechanical responses of osteoblasts in craniofacial sutures play a role in suture remodeling. Moreover, the extracellular matrix (ECM) produced by osteoblasts is crucial for the transduction of mechanical signals that promote cell differentiation. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the effect of mechanical stretch on cell viability and ECM-related gene-expression changes in human osteoblasts. Human calvarial osteoblasts (HCObs) were subjected to 2% deformation. Caspase activity, MTT, and cell viability assays were used to estimate osteoblast apoptosis, proliferation, and viability, respectively. Real-time RT-PCR (RT2 -PCR) arrays were used to assess expression of cytoskeletal-, apoptosis-, osteogenesis-, and ECM-related genes. We found that mechanical stretch significantly increased osteoblast viability and cell proliferation, and decreased the activities of caspases 3 and 7. Moreover, the expression of 18 genes related to osteoblast differentiation, apoptosis, and ECM remodeling changed by more than two-fold in a time-dependent manner. Therefore, mechanical stretch promotes HCOb viability and alters expression of genes that are closely related to suture remodeling under mechanical stretch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuhao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanggen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shujuan Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaobing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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16
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Ikegame M, Ejiri S, Okamura H. Expression of Non-collagenous Bone Matrix Proteins in Osteoblasts Stimulated by Mechanical Stretching in the Cranial Suture of Neonatal Mice. J Histochem Cytochem 2018; 67:107-116. [PMID: 30113872 DOI: 10.1369/0022155418793588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the influence of mechanical stretching on the genetic expression pattern of non-collagenous bone matrix proteins in osteoblasts. The cranial sutures of neonatal mice were subjected to ex vivo mechanical stretching. In the non-stretched control group, as osteoblast differentiation progressed, the successive genetic expression of bone sialoprotein (BSP), osteopontin (OPN), and osteocalcin (OCN) was detected using in situ hybridization, in that order. In the stretched group, the sutures were widened, and after 24 hr of cultivation, a large number of osteoblasts and abundant new osteoid were observed on the borders of the parietal bones. All new osteoblasts expressed BSP and some of them expressed OPN, but very few of them expressed OCN. After 48 hr, more extensive presence of osteoid was noted on the borders of the parietal bones, and this osteoid was partially mineralized; all osteoblasts on the osteoid surface expressed BSP, and more osteoblasts expressed OPN than those after 24 hr cultivation. Surprisingly, many of the osteoblasts that did not express OPN, expressed OCN. This suggests that when osteoblast differentiation is stimulated by mechanical stress, the genetic expression pattern of non-collagenous proteins in the newly differentiated osteoblasts is affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mika Ikegame
- Department of Oral Morphology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Sadakazu Ejiri
- Department of Oral Anatomy, School of Dentistry, Asahi University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Hirohiko Okamura
- Department of Oral Morphology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
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17
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Mamoun J. Dry Socket Etiology, Diagnosis, and Clinical Treatment Techniques. J Korean Assoc Oral Maxillofac Surg 2018; 44:52-58. [PMID: 29732309 PMCID: PMC5932271 DOI: 10.5125/jkaoms.2018.44.2.52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Revised: 05/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Dry socket, also termed fibrinolytic osteitis or alveolar osteitis, is a complication of tooth exodontia. A dry socket lesion is a post-extraction socket that exhibits exposed bone that is not covered by a blood clot or healing epithelium and exists inside or around the perimeter of the socket or alveolus for days after the extraction procedure. This article describes dry socket lesions; reviews the basic clinical techniques of treating different manifestations of dry socket lesions; and shows how microscope level loupe magnification of 6× to 8× or greater, combined with co-axial illumination or a dental operating microscope, facilitate more precise treatment of dry socket lesions. The author examines the scientific validity of the proposed causes of dry socket lesions (such as bacteria, inflammation, fibrinolysis, or traumatic extractions) and the scientific validity of different terminologies used to describe dry socket lesions. This article also presents an alternative model of what causes dry socket lesions, based on evidence from dental literature. Although the clinical techniques for treating dry socket lesions seem empirically correct, more evidence is required to determine the causes of dry socket lesions.
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18
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Yu KW, Yao CC, Jeng JH, Shieh HY, Chen YJ. Periostin inhibits mechanical stretch-induced apoptosis in osteoblast-like MG-63 cells. J Formos Med Assoc 2018; 117:292-300. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2017.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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19
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Doerner J, Chalmers SA, Friedman A, Putterman C. Fn14 deficiency protects lupus-prone mice from histological lupus erythematosus-like skin inflammation induced by ultraviolet light. Exp Dermatol 2018; 25:969-976. [PMID: 27305603 DOI: 10.1111/exd.13108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The cytokine TNF-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK) and its receptor Fn14 are involved in cell survival and cytokine production. The TWEAK/Fn14 pathway plays a role in the pathogenesis of spontaneous cutaneous lesions in the MRL/lpr lupus strain; however, the role of TWEAK/Fn14 in disease induced by ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation has not been explored. MRL/lpr Fn14 knockout (KO) was compared to MRL/lpr Fn14 wild-type (WT) mice following exposure to UVB. We found that irradiated MRL/lpr KO mice had significantly attenuated cutaneous disease when compared to their WT counterparts. There were also fewer infiltrating immune cells (CD3+ , IBA-1+ and NGAL+ ) in the UVB-exposed skin of MRL/lpr Fn14KO mice, as compared to Fn14WT. Furthermore, we identified several macrophage-derived proinflammatory chemokines with elevated expression in MRL/lpr mice after UV exposure. Depletion of macrophages, using a CSF-1R inhibitor, was found to be protective against the development of skin lesions after UVB exposure. In combination with the phenotype of the MRL/lpr Fn14KO mice, these findings indicate a critical role for Fn14 and recruited macrophages in UVB-triggered cutaneous lupus. Our data strongly suggest that TWEAK/Fn14 signalling is important in the pathogenesis of UVB-induced cutaneous disease manifestations in the MRL/lpr model of lupus and further support this pathway as a possible target for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Doerner
- The Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Samantha A Chalmers
- The Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Adam Friedman
- Department of Dermatology, George Washington University School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Chaim Putterman
- The Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.,Division of Rheumatology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
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20
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Song CL, Liu B, Diao HY, Shi YF, Zhang JC, Li YX, Liu N, Yu YP, Wang G, Wang JP, Li Q. Down-regulation of microRNA-320 suppresses cardiomyocyte apoptosis and protects against myocardial ischemia and reperfusion injury by targeting IGF-1. Oncotarget 2018; 7:39740-39757. [PMID: 27175593 PMCID: PMC5129967 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is an important regulator of cardiomyocyte homeostasis and cardiac structure, and the prosurvival and antiapoptotic effects of IGF-1 have been investigated. However, the effect of microRNA-320 (miR-320) in ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) by targeting IGF-1 is rarely discussed. We investigated the role of miR-320 in I/R injury. A total of 192 healthy female Wistar rats were divided into eight groups (n = 24). Rat heart I/R model was established. Hemodynamics, infarct size weight (ISW), heart function, and rat cardiomyocyte apoptosis were measured. Hypoxia-reoxygenation (H/R) in rat cardiomyocyte was used to simulate the I/R process. The mRNA levels of miR-320 and IGF-1, and proteins levels of IGF-1, IGF-1R, p-IGF-1R, p-ASK1, p-JNK, p-p38, Bcl-2, Bax and Caspase-3 were measured. In vivo inhibition of miR-320 expression significantly increased IGF-1 and IGF-1R mRNA levels, elevated the absolute values of SBP, DBP, MAP, ± dp/dtmax, LVEF and LVFS, decreased ISW, LVESD and LVEDd and the number of TUNEL positive cells, lowered the levels of p-ASK1, p-JNK, p-p38, Bax and Caspase-3 and increased expression of Bcl-2 compared to the I/R + NC group. Compared to H/R + NC group in vitro, miR-320 inhibition increased IGF-1 mRNA levels, inhibited cardiomyocyte apoptosis, down-regulated p-ASK, p-JNK, p-p38, Bax and Caspase-3 levels, and up-regulated Bcl-2 level. MiR-320 inhibition target elevated IGF-1 mRNA and protein levels, suppress early cardiomyocyte apoptosis of I/R, and inhibited ASK1-JNK/p38 pathway, which provides a new target for clinical study of I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Li Song
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, P. R. China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, P. R. China
| | - Hong-Ying Diao
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, P. R. China
| | - Yong-Feng Shi
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, P. R. China
| | - Ji-Chang Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, P. R. China
| | - Yang-Xue Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, P. R. China
| | - Ning Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, P. R. China
| | - Yun-Peng Yu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, P. R. China
| | - Guan Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, P. R. China
| | - Jin-Peng Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, P. R. China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, P. R. China
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21
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Mamoun J. Use of elevator instruments when luxating and extracting teeth in dentistry: clinical techniques. J Korean Assoc Oral Maxillofac Surg 2017; 43:204-211. [PMID: 28770164 PMCID: PMC5529197 DOI: 10.5125/jkaoms.2017.43.3.204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In dentistry, elevator instruments are used to luxate teeth, and this technique imparts forces to tooth particles that sever the periodontal ligament around tooth roots inside the socket and expand alveolar bone around tooth particles. These effects can result in extraction of the tooth particles or facilitate systematic forceps extraction of the tooth particles. This article presents basic oral surgery techniques for applying elevators to luxate teeth. Determination of the optimal luxation technique requires understanding of the functions of the straight elevator and the Cryer elevator, the concept of purchase points, how the design elements of elevator working ends and tips influence the functionality of an elevator, application of forces to tooth particles, sectioning teeth at furcations, and bone removal to facilitate luxation. The effectiveness of tooth particle luxation is influenced by elevator tip shape and size, the magnitude and the vectors of forces applied to the tooth particle by the tip, and sectioning and bone removal within the operating field. Controlled extraction procedures are facilitated by a dental operating microscope or the magnification of binocular surgical loupes telescopes, combined with co-axial illumination.
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Mechanical Stress Regulates Osteogenesis and Adipogenesis of Rat Mesenchymal Stem Cells through PI3K/Akt/GSK-3 β/ β-Catenin Signaling Pathway. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:6027402. [PMID: 28286769 PMCID: PMC5329655 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6027402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Osteogenesis and adipogenesis of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) are regarded as being of great importance in the regulation of bone remodeling. In this study, rat BMSCs were exposed to different levels of cyclic mechanical stress generated by liquid drops and cultured in general medium or adipogenic medium. Markers of osteogenic (Runx2 and Collagen I) and adipogenic (C/EBPα, PPARγ, and lipid droplets) differentiation were detected using Western blot and histological staining. The protein levels of members of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β)/β-catenin signaling pathway were also examined. Results showed that small-magnitude stress significantly upregulated Runx2 and Collagen I and downregulated PPARγ and C/EBPα expression in BMSCs cultured in adipogenic medium, while large-magnitude stress reversed the effect when compared with unloading groups. The PI3K/Akt signaling pathway could be strongly activated by mechanical stimulation; however, large-magnitude stress led to decreased activation of the signaling pathway when compared with small-magnitude stress. Activation of β-catenin with LiCl led to increased expression of Runx2 and Collagen I and reduction of C/EBPα and PPARγ expression in BMSCs. Inhibition of PI3K/Akt signaling partially blocked the expression of β-catenin. Taken together, our results indicate that mechanical stress-regulated osteogenesis and adipogenesis of rat BMSCs are mediated, at least in part, by the PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β/β-catenin signaling pathway.
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23
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RNA-binding protein SAMD4 regulates skeleton development through translational inhibition of Mig6 expression. Cell Discov 2017; 3:16050. [PMID: 28163927 PMCID: PMC5259697 DOI: 10.1038/celldisc.2016.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein translation regulation has essential roles in inflammatory responses, cancer initiation and the pathogenesis of several neurodegenerative disorders. However, the role of the regulation of protein translation in mammalian skeleton development has been rarely elaborated. Here we report that the lack of the RNA-binding protein sterile alpha motif domain containing protein 4 (SAMD4) resulted in multiple developmental defects in mice, including delayed bone development and decreased osteogenesis. Samd4-deficient mesenchymal progenitors exhibit impaired osteoblast differentiation and function. Mechanism study demonstrates that SAMD4 binds the Mig6 mRNA and inhibits MIG6 protein synthesis. Consistent with this, Samd4-deficient cells have increased MIG6 protein level and knockdown of Mig6 rescues the impaired osteogenesis in Samd4-deficient cells. Furthermore, Samd4-deficient mice also display chondrocyte defects, which is consistent with the regulation of MIG6 protein level by SAMD4. These findings define SAMD4 as a previously unreported key regulator of osteoblastogenesis and bone development, implying that regulation of protein translation is an important mechanism governing skeletogenesis and that control of protein translation could have therapeutic potential in metabolic bone diseases, such as osteoporosis.
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Cyclic Compressive Stress Regulates Apoptosis in Rat Osteoblasts: Involvement of PI3K/Akt and JNK MAPK Signaling Pathways. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0165845. [PMID: 27806136 PMCID: PMC5091858 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
It is widely accepted that physiological mechanical stimulation suppresses apoptosis and induces synthesis of extracellular matrix by osteoblasts; however, the effect of stress overloading on osteoblasts has not been fully illustrated. In the present study, we investigated the effect of cyclic compressive stress on rat osteoblasts apoptosis, using a novel liquid drop method to generate mechanical stress on osteoblast monolayers. After treatment with different levels of mechanical stress, apoptosis of osteoblasts and activations of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and PI3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathways were investigated. Osteoblasts apoptosis was observed after treated with specific inhibitors prior to mechanical stimulation. Protein levels of Bax/Bcl-2/caspase-3 signaling were determined using western blot with or without inhibitors of PI3K/Akt and phosphorylation of c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) MAPK. Results showed that mechanical stimulation led to osteoblasts apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner and a remarkable activation of MAPKs and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways. Activation of PI3K/Akt protected against apoptosis, whereas JNK MAPK increased apoptosis via regulation of Bax/Bcl-2/caspase-3 activation. In summary, the PI3K/Akt and JNK MAPK signaling pathways played opposing roles in osteoblasts apoptosis, resulting in inhibition of apoptosis upon small-magnitude stress and increased apoptosis upon large-magnitude stress.
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Ardura JA, Portal-Núñez S, Castelbón-Calvo I, Martínez de Toda I, De la Fuente M, Esbrit P. Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein Protects Osteoblastic Cells From Oxidative Stress by Activation of MKP1 Phosphatase. J Cell Physiol 2016; 232:785-796. [PMID: 27357344 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative damage is an important contributor to the morphological and functional changes in osteoporotic bone. Aging increases the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that cause oxidative stress and induce osteoblast apoptosis. ROS modify several signaling responses, including mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation, related to cell survival. Both parathyroid hormone (PTH) and its bone counterpart, PTH-related protein (PTHrP), can regulate MAPK activation by modulating MAPK phosphatase-1 (MKP1). Thus, we hypothesized that PTHrP might protect osteoblasts from ROS-induced apoptosis by targeting MKP1. In osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 and MG-63 cells, H2 O2 triggered p38, JNK, ERK and p66Shc phosphorylation, and cell apoptosis. Meanwhile, PTHrP (1-37) rapidly but transiently increased ERK and Akt phosphorylation without affecting p38, JNK, or p66Shc activation. H2 O2 -induced p38 and ERK phosphorylation and apoptosis were both decreased by pre-treatment with specific kinase inhibitors or PTHrP (1-37) in both osteoblastic cell types. These dephosphorylating and prosurvival actions of PTHrP (1-37) were prevented by a phosphatase inhibitor cocktail, the phosphatase MKP1 inhibitor sanguinarine or a MKP1 siRNA. PTHrP (1-37) promptly enhanced MKP1 protein and gene expression and MKP1-dependent catalase activity in osteoblastic cells. Furthermore, exposure to PTHrP (1-37) adsorbed in an implanted hydroxyapatite-based ceramic into a tibial defect in aging rats increased MKP1 and catalase gene expression in the healing bone area. Our findings demonstrate that PTHrP counteracts the pro-apoptotic actions of ROS by a mechanism dependent on MKP1-induced dephosphorylation of MAPKs in osteoblasts. J. Cell. Physiol. 232: 785-796, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan A Ardura
- Laboratorio de Metabolismo Mineral y Óseo, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS)-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, UAM and Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa de Envejecimiento y Fragilidad (RETICEF)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Medicina Molecular Aplicada (IMMA)-Universidad San Pablo CEU, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergio Portal-Núñez
- Laboratorio de Metabolismo Mineral y Óseo, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS)-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, UAM and Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa de Envejecimiento y Fragilidad (RETICEF)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Irantzu Castelbón-Calvo
- Laboratorio de Metabolismo Mineral y Óseo, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS)-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, UAM and Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa de Envejecimiento y Fragilidad (RETICEF)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Mónica De la Fuente
- Faculty of Biology, Animal Physiology II, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro Esbrit
- Laboratorio de Metabolismo Mineral y Óseo, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS)-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, UAM and Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa de Envejecimiento y Fragilidad (RETICEF)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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26
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González-Chávez SA, Quiñonez-Flores CM, Pacheco-Tena C. Molecular mechanisms of bone formation in spondyloarthritis. Joint Bone Spine 2016; 83:394-400. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbspin.2015.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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27
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Zhang Q, Matsui H, Horiuchi H, Liang X, Sasaki K. A-Raf and C-Raf differentially regulate mechanobiological response of osteoblasts to guide mechanical stress-induced differentiation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 476:438-444. [PMID: 27240957 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.05.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Regulation of osteoblast activity by mechanical stress is important for bone remodeling. However, the precise mechanotransduction mechanism that triggers the anabolic reaction of osteoblasts is largely unknown. In this study, we performed RNA interference (RNAi) screening to identify the signaling molecules upstream of ERK, which was responsible for osteogenesis. Of twenty-two mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) kinase kinases (MAP3Ks), we identified A-Raf and C-Raf as upstream MAP3Ks of the mechanical stretch-activated ERK pathway. Subsequently we screened the mechanosensitive cation channel, and identified P2X7 as an upstream molecule of the ERK pathway. Intriguingly, P2X7 functioned as an upstream activator of A-Raf but not of C-Raf. Furthermore, A-Raf contributed to mechanical stretch-induced osteoblast differentiation. In contrast, C-Raf but not A-Raf protected osteoblasts from mechanical stretch-induced apoptosis. These results suggested that A-Raf and C-Raf were involved in mechanobiological osteogenesis in a distinct way: A-Raf was responsible for osteogenesis while C-Raf for anti-apoptotic protection and promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- Department of Oral Implantology, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Department of Advanced Prosthetic Dentistry, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Matsui
- Department of Advanced Prosthetic Dentistry, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan; Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.
| | - Hisanori Horiuchi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan; Department of Oral Cancer Therapeutics, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Xing Liang
- Department of Oral Implantology, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Keiichi Sasaki
- Department of Advanced Prosthetic Dentistry, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
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28
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Korb K, Katsikogianni E, Zingler S, Daum E, Lux CJ, Hohenstein A, Erber R. Inhibition of AXUD1 attenuates compression-dependent apoptosis of cementoblasts. Clin Oral Investig 2016; 20:2333-2341. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-016-1740-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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29
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Poon CCW, Li RWS, Seto SW, Kong SK, Ho HP, Hoi MPM, Lee SMY, Ngai SM, Chan SW, Leung GPH, Kwan YW. In vitro vitamin K(2) and 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) combination enhances osteoblasts anabolism of diabetic mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 767:30-40. [PMID: 26452518 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.09.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Revised: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we evaluated the anabolic effect and the underlying cellular mechanisms involved of vitamin K2 (10 nM) and 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) (10 nM), alone and in combination, on primary osteoblasts harvested from the iliac crests of C57BL/KsJ lean (+/+) and obese/diabetic (db/db) mice. A lower alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity plus a reduced expression of bone anabolic markers and bone formation transcription factors (osteocalcin, Runx2, Dlx5, ATF4 and OSX) were consistently detected in osteoblasts of db/db mice compared to lean mice. A significantly higher calcium deposits formation in osteoblasts was observed in lean mice when compared to db/db mice. Co-administration of vitamin K2 (10 nM) and 1,25(OH)2D3 (10 nM) caused an enhancement of calcium deposits in osteoblasts in both strains of mice. Vitamins K2 and 1,25(OH)2D3 co-administration time-dependently (7, 14 and 21 days) increased the levels of bone anabolic markers and bone formation transcription factors, with a greater magnitude of increase observed in osteoblasts of db/db mice. Combined vitamins K2 plus 1,25(OH)2D3 treatment significantly enhanced migration and the re-appearance of surface microvilli and ruffles of osteoblasts of db/db mice. Thus, our results illustrate that vitamins K2 plus D3 combination could be a novel therapeutic strategy in treating diabetes-associated osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina C W Poon
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Rachel W S Li
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Sai Wang Seto
- National Institute of Complementary Medicine, School of Science and Health, University of Western Sydney, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
| | - Siu Kai Kong
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Ho Pui Ho
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Maggie P M Hoi
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, The University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Simon M Y Lee
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, The University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Sai Ming Ngai
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Shun Wan Chan
- State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
| | - George P H Leung
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
| | - Yiu Wa Kwan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
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Zeng Z, Jing D, Zhang X, Duan Y, Xue F. Cyclic mechanical stretch promotes energy metabolism in osteoblast-like cells through an mTOR signaling-associated mechanism. Int J Mol Med 2015; 36:947-56. [PMID: 26251974 PMCID: PMC4564076 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2015.2304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Energy metabolism is essential for maintaining function and substance metabolism in osteoblasts. However, the role of cyclic stretch in regulating osteoblastic energy metabolism and the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. In this study, we found that cyclic stretch (10% elongation at 0.1 Hz) significantly enhanced glucose consumption, lactate levels (determined using a glucose/lactate assay kit), intracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels (quantified using rLuciferase/Luciferin reagent) and the mRNA expression of energy metabolism-related enzymes [mitochondrial ATP synthase, L-lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) and enolase 1; measured by RT-qPCR], and increased the phosphorylation levels of Akt, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and p70s6k (measured by western blot analysis) in human osteoblast‑like MG‑63 cells. Furthermore, the inhibition of Akt or mTOR with an antagonist (wortmannin or rapamycin) suppressed the stretch-induced increase in glucose consumption, lactate levels, intracellular ATP levels and the expression of mitochondrial ATP synthase and LDHA, indicating the significance of the Akt/mTOR/p70s6k pathway in regulating osteoblastic energy metabolism in response to mechanical stretch. Thus, we concluded that cyclic stretch regulates energy metabolism in MG‑63 cells partially through the Akt/mTOR/p70s6k signaling pathway. The present findings provide novel insight into osteoblastic mechanobiology from the perspective of energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaobin Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Da Jing
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Xiaodong Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, Shenyang, Liaoning 110015, P.R. China
| | - Yinzhong Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Feng Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
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Mechanical stimulation of human tendon stem/progenitor cells results in upregulation of matrix proteins, integrins and MMPs, and activation of p38 and ERK1/2 kinases. BMC Mol Biol 2015; 16:6. [PMID: 25880261 PMCID: PMC4373449 DOI: 10.1186/s12867-015-0036-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Tendons are dense connective tissues subjected periodically to mechanical stress upon which complex responsive mechanisms are activated. These mechanisms affect not only the development of these tissues but also their healing. Despite of the acknowledged importance of the mechanical stress for tendon function and repair, the mechanotransduction mechanisms in tendon cells are still unclear and the elucidation of these mechanisms is a key goal in tendon research. Tendon stem/progenitor cells (TSPC) possess common adult stem cell characteristics, and are suggested to actively participate in tendon development, tissue homeostasis as well as repair. This makes them an important cell population for tendon repair, and also an interesting research target for various open questions in tendon cell biology. Therefore, in our study we focused on TSPC, subjected them to five different mechanical protocols, and investigated the gene expression changes by using semi-quantitative, quantitative PCR and western blotting technologies. Results Among the 25 different genes analyzed, we can convincingly report that the tendon-related genes - fibromodulin, lumican and versican, the collagen I-binding integrins - α1, α2 and α11, the matrix metalloproteinases - MMP9, 13 and 14 were strongly upregulated in TSPC after 3 days of mechanical stimulation with 8% amplitude. Molecular signaling analyses of five key integrin downstream kinases suggested that mechanical stimuli are mediated through ERK1/2 and p38, which were significantly activated in 8% biaxial-loaded TSPC. Conclusions Our results demonstrate the positive effect of 8% mechanical loading on the gene expression of matrix proteins, integrins and matrix metalloproteinases, and activation of integrin downstream kinases p38 and ERK1/2 in TSPC. Taken together, our study contributes to better understanding of mechanotransduction mechanisms in TPSC, which in long term, after further translational research between tendon cell biology and orthopedics, can be beneficial to the management of tendon repair. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12867-015-0036-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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32
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Du YY, Zhao YX, Liu YP, Liu W, Wang MM, Yuan CM. Regulatory Tweak/Fn14 signaling pathway as a potent target for controlling bone loss. Biomed Pharmacother 2015; 70:170-3. [PMID: 25776497 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2015.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic bone diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoporosis, are characterized as imbalance between bone formation and bone resorption, leading to bone microarchitecture damage and bone mineral density loss. Bone loss is huge threat for older people's health, which imposes a heavy financial burden on patients and their families. However, the effectiveness of bone loss treatment in clinical practice is limited. With the understanding of the molecular and cellular regulators and mediators of bone remodelling, we know that some signaling pathways and inflammatory cytokines play important roles in the development of RA and osteoporosis. The increasing evidence showed that tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-like weak inducer of apoptosis (Tweak)/fibroblast growth factor-inducible 14 (Fn14) signalling controls a variety of cellular activities in biological processes, such as proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis and has diverse biological functions in pathological mechanisms like inflammation that are associated with the process of bone metabolism. Recent studies suggest that the interactions between Tweak/Fn14 play critical roles in osteoblast and osteoclast differentiation and apoptosis, especially in those rheumatoid arthritis patients. These findings suggest that interventions targeting Tweak/Fn14 signaling pathway to regulate osteoblast-osteoclast coupling according to its biological effects, which results in promoting osteoblast formation and inhibiting osteoclast resorption, may be a promising approach for bone loss prevention and treatment in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ying Du
- Department of Trauma Orthopedics, Tengzhou Central People's Hospital, Shandong, PR China
| | - Yan-Xia Zhao
- Department of Trauma Orthopedics, Tengzhou Central People's Hospital, Shandong, PR China
| | - Yu-Ping Liu
- Department of Trauma Orthopedics, Tengzhou Central People's Hospital, Shandong, PR China.
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Trauma Orthopedics, Tengzhou Central People's Hospital, Shandong, PR China
| | - Ming-Ming Wang
- Department of Trauma Orthopedics, Tengzhou Central People's Hospital, Shandong, PR China
| | - Chong-Ming Yuan
- Department of Trauma Orthopedics, Tengzhou Central People's Hospital, Shandong, PR China
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Nagaie M, Nishiura A, Honda Y, Fujiwara SI, Matsumoto N. A comprehensive mixture of tobacco smoke components retards orthodontic tooth movement via the inhibition of osteoclastogenesis in a rat model. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:18610-22. [PMID: 25322153 PMCID: PMC4227235 DOI: 10.3390/ijms151018610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Revised: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tobacco smoke is a complex mixture of numerous components. Nevertheless, most experiments have examined the effects of individual chemicals in tobacco smoke. The comprehensive effects of components on tooth movement and bone resorption remain unexplored. Here, we have shown that a comprehensive mixture of tobacco smoke components (TSCs) attenuated bone resorption through osteoclastogenesis inhibition, thereby retarding experimental tooth movement in a rat model. An elastic power chain (PC) inserted between the first and second maxillary molars robustly yielded experimental tooth movement within 10 days. TSC administration effectively retarded tooth movement since day 4. Histological evaluation disclosed that tooth movement induced bone resorption at two sites: in the bone marrow and the peripheral bone near the root. TSC administration significantly reduced the number of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-positive osteoclastic cells in the bone marrow cavity of the PC-treated dentition. An in vitro study indicated that the inhibitory effects of TSCs on osteoclastogenesis seemed directed more toward preosteoclasts than osteoblasts. These results indicate that the comprehensive mixture of TSCs might be a useful tool for detailed verification of the adverse effects of tobacco smoke, possibly contributing to the development of reliable treatments in various fields associated with bone resorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Nagaie
- Department of Orthodontics, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka Dental University, 8-1, Kuzuha Hanazonocho, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1121, Japan.
| | - Aki Nishiura
- Department of Orthodontics, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka Dental University, 8-1, Kuzuha Hanazonocho, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1121, Japan.
| | - Yoshitomo Honda
- Institute of Dental Research, Osaka Dental University, 8-1, Kuzuha Hanazonocho, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1121, Japan.
| | - Shin-Ichi Fujiwara
- Department of Chemistry, Osaka Dental University, 8-1, Kuzuha Hanazonocho, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1121, Japan.
| | - Naoyuki Matsumoto
- Department of Orthodontics, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka Dental University, 8-1, Kuzuha Hanazonocho, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1121, Japan.
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