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Yang Y, He X, Li F, He S, Liu M, Li M, Xia F, Su W, Liu G. Animal-derived food allergen: A review on the available crystal structure and new insights into structural epitope. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2024; 23:e13340. [PMID: 38778570 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated food allergy is a rapidly growing public health problem. The interaction between allergens and IgE is at the core of the allergic response. One of the best ways to understand this interaction is through structural characterization. This review focuses on animal-derived food allergens, overviews allergen structures determined by X-ray crystallography, presents an update on IgE conformational epitopes, and explores the structural features of these epitopes. The structural determinants of allergenicity and cross-reactivity are also discussed. Animal-derived food allergens are classified into limited protein families according to structural features, with the calcium-binding protein and actin-binding protein families dominating. Progress in epitope characterization has provided useful information on the structural properties of the IgE recognition region. The data reveals that epitopes are located in relatively protruding areas with negative surface electrostatic potential. Ligand binding and disulfide bonds are two intrinsic characteristics that influence protein structure and impact allergenicity. Shared structures, local motifs, and shared epitopes are factors that lead to cross-reactivity. The structural properties of epitope regions and structural determinants of allergenicity and cross-reactivity may provide directions for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of food allergies. Experimentally determined structure, especially that of antigen-antibody complexes, remains limited, and the identification of epitopes continues to be a bottleneck in the study of animal-derived food allergens. A combination of traditional immunological techniques and emerging bioinformatics technology will revolutionize how protein interactions are characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- College of Environment and Public Health, Xiamen Huaxia University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Xinrong He
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Fajie Li
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Shaogui He
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Meng Liu
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- College of Marine Biology, Xiamen Ocean Vocational College, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Mengsi Li
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- School of Food Engineering, Zhangzhou Institute of Technology, Zhangzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Fei Xia
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Wenjin Su
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Guangming Liu
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
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O’Day DH, Taylor RJ, Myre MA. Calmodulin and Calmodulin Binding Proteins in Dictyostelium: A Primer. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E1210. [PMID: 32054133 PMCID: PMC7072818 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Dictyostelium discoideum is gaining increasing attention as a model organism for the study of calcium binding and calmodulin function in basic biological events as well as human diseases. After a short overview of calcium-binding proteins, the structure of Dictyostelium calmodulin and the conformational changes effected by calcium ion binding to its four EF hands are compared to its human counterpart, emphasizing the highly conserved nature of this central regulatory protein. The calcium-dependent and -independent motifs involved in calmodulin binding to target proteins are discussed with examples of the diversity of calmodulin binding proteins that have been studied in this amoebozoan. The methods used to identify and characterize calmodulin binding proteins is covered followed by the ways Dictyostelium is currently being used as a system to study several neurodegenerative diseases and how it could serve as a model for studying calmodulinopathies such as those associated with specific types of heart arrythmia. Because of its rapid developmental cycles, its genetic tractability, and a richly endowed stock center, Dictyostelium is in a position to become a leader in the field of calmodulin research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danton H. O’Day
- Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G5, Canada
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON L6L 1X3, Canada
| | - Ryan J. Taylor
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kennedy College of Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA 01854, USA; (R.J.T.); (M.A.M.)
| | - Michael A. Myre
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kennedy College of Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA 01854, USA; (R.J.T.); (M.A.M.)
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Langelaan DN, Liburd J, Yang Y, Miller E, Chitayat S, Crawley SW, Côté GP, Smith SP. Structure of the Single-lobe Myosin Light Chain C in Complex with the Light Chain-binding Domains of Myosin-1C Provides Insights into Divergent IQ Motif Recognition. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:19607-17. [PMID: 27466369 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.746313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Myosin light chains are key regulators of class 1 myosins and typically comprise two domains, with calmodulin being the archetypal example. They bind IQ motifs within the myosin neck region and amplify conformational changes in the motor domain. A single lobe light chain, myosin light chain C (MlcC), was recently identified and shown to specifically bind to two sequentially divergent IQ motifs of the Dictyostelium myosin-1C. To provide a molecular basis of this interaction, the structures of apo-MlcC and a 2:1 MlcC·myosin-1C neck complex were determined. The two non-functional EF-hand motifs of MlcC pack together to form a globular four-helix bundle that opens up to expose a central hydrophobic groove, which interacts with the N-terminal portion of the divergent IQ1 and IQ2 motifs. The N- and C-terminal regions of MlcC make critical contacts that contribute to its specific interactions with the myosin-1C divergent IQ motifs, which are contacts that deviate from the traditional mode of calmodulin-IQ recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- David N Langelaan
- From the Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Janine Liburd
- From the Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Yidai Yang
- From the Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Emily Miller
- From the Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Seth Chitayat
- From the Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Scott W Crawley
- From the Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Graham P Côté
- From the Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Steven P Smith
- From the Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
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Abstract
The myosin holoenzyme is a multimeric protein complex consisting of heavy chains and light chains. Myosin light chains are calmodulin family members which are crucially involved in the mechanoenzymatic function of the myosin holoenzyme. This review examines the diversity of light chains within the myosin superfamily, discusses interactions between the light chain and the myosin heavy chain as well as regulatory and structural functions of the light chain as a subunit of the myosin holoenzyme. It covers aspects of the myosin light chain in the localization of the myosin holoenzyme, protein-protein interactions and light chain binding to non-myosin binding partners. Finally, this review challenges the dogma that myosin regulatory and essential light chain exclusively associate with conventional myosin heavy chains while unconventional myosin heavy chains usually associate with calmodulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Heissler
- a Laboratory of Molecular Physiology; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; National Institutes of Health ; Bethesda , MD USA
| | - James R Sellers
- a Laboratory of Molecular Physiology; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; National Institutes of Health ; Bethesda , MD USA
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