1
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Li M, Yang Z, Chen S, Liu Z, Tong L, Zheng S, Yang D. Sphaerotilus natans hemoglobins have an NADH oxidation activity and promote the yield of limonene in an engineered E. coli strain. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 254:128112. [PMID: 37972845 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial hemoglobins play important roles inside the cell. Phylogenetically, they belong to three different families: the single domain hemoglobin, flavohemoglobin and truncated hemoglobin. Vitreoscilla hemoglobin (VHb) is the first characterized bacterial hemoglobin, and belongs to the single domain hemoglobin family. Heterologous expression of VHb promotes the growth of host cells under microaerobic conditions, and enhances the yield of products during fermentation. Although VHb has been widely applied in the biotechnology field, other bacterial hemoglobins have not demonstrated similar applications. In this study, we identified four bacterial hemoglobins from the microaerobic growing bacterium Sphaerotilus natans, including one flavohemoglobins (FHB) and three truncated hemoglobins (THB1, THB2 and THB3). Absorption spectrum studies validate the existent of the Soret peak and Q-band characteristic to heme and suggest heme groups in FHB and THB1 are hexa- or penta-coordinated, respectively. Our studies demonstrate that FHB and all three truncated hemoglobins have NADH oxidation and radical production activities, which is surprising since truncated hemoglobins do not have a reductase domain that could bind NADH. However, the M. tuberculosis HbN does not show these activities, indicating they are not universal among truncated hemoglobins. Docking studies suggest the nicotinamide ring of NADH may bind to the distal heme pocket of THB1, suggesting the direct electron transfer from NADH to heme might be possible. Our truncated hemoglobins also show peroxidase activities that in THB2 and THB3 could be inhibited by FdR, indicating possible interactions between FdR and truncate hemoglobins. Expression of FHB and THB1 in E. coli could promote cell growth. THB1 also enhances the production of limonene in an engineered E. coli strain, while VHb does not have this effect, which suggests that studies on truncated hemoglobins may lead to the discovery of new and more powerful tools that could have profound impact on biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohui Li
- Gene Engineering and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Ziqing Yang
- Gene Engineering and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Sihua Chen
- Gene Engineering and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Zilu Liu
- Gene Engineering and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Li Tong
- Gene Engineering and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Shaokui Zheng
- School of Environment, MOE Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences/State Key Lab of Water Environment Simulation, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Dong Yang
- Gene Engineering and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
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2
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Thakur N, Sharma AN, Hade MD, Chhaya A, Kumar A, Jolly RS, Dikshit KL. New Insights Into the Function of Flavohemoglobin in Mycobacterium tuberculosis: Role as a NADPH-Dependent Disulfide Reductase and D-Lactate-Dependent Mycothione Reductase. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 11:796727. [PMID: 35237528 PMCID: PMC8883573 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.796727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) produces an unconventional flavohemoglobin (MtbFHb) that carries a FAD-binding site similar to D-lactate dehydrogenases (D-LDH) and oxidizes D-lactate into pyruvate. The molecular mechanism by which MtbFHb functions in Mtb remains unknown. We discovered that the D-LDH-type FAD-binding site in MtbFHb overlaps with another FAD-binding motif similar to thioredoxin reductases and reduces DTNB in the presence of NADPH similar to trxB of Mtb. These results suggested that MtbFHb is functioning as a disulfide oxidoreductase. Interestingly, D-lactate created a conformational change in MtbFHb and attenuated its ability to oxidize NADPH. Mass spectroscopy demonstrated that MtbFHb reduces des-myo-inositol mycothiol in the presence of D-lactate unlike NADPH, indicating that D-lactate changes the specificity of MtbFHb from di-thiol to di-mycothiol. When M. smegmatis carrying deletion in the fhbII gene (encoding a homolog of MtbFHb) was complemented with the fhb gene of Mtb, it exhibited four- to fivefold reductions in lipid peroxidation and significant enhancement in the cell survival under oxidative stress. These results were corroborated by reduced lipid peroxidation and enhanced cell survival of wild-type M. smegmatis after overexpression of the fhb gene of Mtb. Since D-lactate is a by-product of lipid peroxidation and MtbFHb is a membrane-associated protein, D-lactate-mediated reduction of mycothiol disulfide by MtbFHb may uniquely equip Mtb to relieve the toxicity of D-lactate accumulation and protect the cell from oxidative damage, simultaneously balancing the redox environment under oxidative stress that may be vital for the pathogenesis of Mtb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveen Thakur
- CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
| | | | | | - Ajay Chhaya
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ashwani Kumar
- CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
| | | | - Kanak L. Dikshit
- CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
- *Correspondence: Kanak L. Dikshit,
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3
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Gardner AM, Gardner PR. Allostery in the nitric oxide dioxygenase mechanism of flavohemoglobin. J Biol Chem 2020; 296:100186. [PMID: 33310705 PMCID: PMC7948479 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.016637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The substrates O2 and NO cooperatively activate the NO dioxygenase function of Escherichia coli flavohemoglobin. Steady-state and transient kinetic measurements support a structure-based mechanistic model in which O2 and NO movements and conserved amino acids at the E11, G8, E2, E7, B10, and F7 positions within the globin domain control activation. In the cooperative and allosteric mechanism, O2 migrates to the catalytic heme site via a long hydrophobic tunnel and displaces LeuE11 away from the ferric iron, which forces open a short tunnel to the catalytic site gated by the ValG8/IleE15 pair and LeuE11. NO permeates this tunnel and leverages upon the gating side chains triggering the CD loop to furl, which moves the E and F-helices and switches an electron transfer gate formed by LysF7, GlnE7, and water. This allows FADH2 to reduce the ferric iron, which forms the stable ferric–superoxide–TyrB10/GlnE7 complex. This complex reacts with internalized NO with a bimolecular rate constant of 1010 M−1 s−1 forming nitrate, which migrates to the CD loop and unfurls the spring-like structure. To restart the cycle, LeuE11 toggles back to the ferric iron. Actuating electron transfer with O2 and NO movements averts irreversible NO poisoning and reductive inactivation of the enzyme. Together, structure snapshots and kinetic constants provide glimpses of intermediate conformational states, time scales for motion, and associated energies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne M Gardner
- Research and Development Division, Miami Valley Biotech, Dayton, Ohio, USA; Division of Critical Care Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Paul R Gardner
- Research and Development Division, Miami Valley Biotech, Dayton, Ohio, USA; Division of Critical Care Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA; Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, University of Dayton, Dayton, Ohio, USA.
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4
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Foglia NO, Bari SE, Estrin DA. In Silico Insight into the Reductive Nitrosylation of Ferric Hemeproteins. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:3631-3641. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b03198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolás O. Foglia
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Quı́mica de los Materiales, Medio Ambiente y Energı́a, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Quı́mica Inorgánica, Analı́tica y Quı́mica Fı́sica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sara E. Bari
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Quı́mica de los Materiales, Medio Ambiente y Energı́a, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Darío A. Estrin
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Quı́mica de los Materiales, Medio Ambiente y Energı́a, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Quı́mica Inorgánica, Analı́tica y Quı́mica Fı́sica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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5
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Thakur N, Kumar A, Dikshit KL. Type II flavohemoglobin of Mycobacterium smegmatis oxidizes d-lactate and mediate electron transfer. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 112:868-875. [PMID: 29428388 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Two distantly related flavohemoglobins (FHbs), MsFHbI and MsFHbII, having crucial differences in their heme and reductase domains, co-exist in Mycobacterium smegmatis. Function of MsFHbI is associated with nitric-oxide detoxification but physiological relevance of MsFHbII remains unknown. This study unravels some unique spectral and functional characteristics of MsFHbII. Unlike conventional type I FHbs, MsFHbII lacks nitric-oxide dioxygenase and NADH oxidase activities but utilizes d-lactate as an electron donor to mediate electron transfer. MsFHbII carries a d-lactate dehydrogenase type FAD binding motif in its reductase domain and oxidizes d-lactate in a FAD dependent manner to reduce the heme iron, suggesting that the globin is acting as an electron acceptor. Importantly, expression of MsFHbII in Escherichia coli imparted protection under oxidative stress, suggesting its important role in stress management of its host. Since M. smegmatis lacks the gene encoding for d-lactate dehydrogenase and d-lactate is produced during aerobic metabolism and also as a by-product of lipid peroxidation, the ability of MsFHbII to metabolize d-lactate may provide it a unique ability to balance the oxidative stress generated due to accumulation of d-lactate in the cell and at the same time sequester electrons and pass it to the respiratory apparatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveen Thakur
- CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector 39A, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ashwani Kumar
- CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector 39A, Chandigarh, India
| | - Kanak L Dikshit
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Sector 25, South Block, Chandigarh, India.
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6
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Hanai S, Tsujino H, Yamashita T, Torii R, Sawai H, Shiro Y, Oohora K, Hayashi T, Uno T. Roles of N- and C-terminal domains in the ligand-binding properties of cytoglobin. J Inorg Biochem 2017; 179:1-9. [PMID: 29149638 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2017.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 11/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Cytoglobin (Cygb) is a member of the hexacoordinated globin protein family and is expressed ubiquitously in rat and human tissues. Although Cygb is reportedly upregulated under hypoxic conditions both in vivo and in vitro, suggesting a physiological function to protect cells under hypoxic/ischemic conditions by scavenging reactive oxygen species or by signal transduction, the mechanisms associated with this function have not been fully elucidated. Recent studies comparing Cygbs among several species suggest that mammalian Cygbs show a distinctly longer C-terminal domain potentially involved in unique physiological functions. In this study, we prepared human Cygb mutants (ΔC, ΔN, and ΔNC) with either one or both terminal domains truncated and investigated the enzymatic functions and structural features by spectroscopic methods. Evaluation of the superoxide-scavenging activity between Cygb variants showed that the ΔC and ΔNC mutants exhibited slightly higher activity involving superoxide scavenging as compared with wild-type Cygb. Subsequent experiments involving ligand titration, flash photolysis, and resonance Raman spectroscopic studies suggested that the truncation of the C- and N-terminal domains resulted in less effective to dissociation constants and binding rates for carbon monoxide, respectively. Furthermore, structural stability was assessed by guanidine hydrochloride and revealed that the C-terminal domain might play a vital role in improving structure, whereas the N-terminal domain did not exert a similar effect. These findings indicated that long terminal domains could be important not only in regulating enzymatic activity but also for structural stability, and that the domains might be relevant to other hypothesized physiological functions for Cygb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumpei Hanai
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Tsujino
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Taku Yamashita
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, Hyogo, Japan.
| | - Ryo Torii
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hitomi Sawai
- Graduate School of Life Science, University of Hyogo, Hyogo, Japan
| | | | - Koji Oohora
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takashi Hayashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tadayuki Uno
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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7
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Carabet LA, Guertin M, Lagüe P, Lamoureux G. Mechanism of the Nitric Oxide Dioxygenase Reaction of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Hemoglobin N. J Phys Chem B 2017; 121:8706-8718. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b06494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lavinia A. Carabet
- Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry and Centre for Research in Molecular
Modeling (CERMM), Concordia University, Montréal, Québec, Canada H4B 1R6
| | | | | | - Guillaume Lamoureux
- Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry and Centre for Research in Molecular
Modeling (CERMM), Concordia University, Montréal, Québec, Canada H4B 1R6
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8
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Hade MD, Kaur J, Chakraborti PK, Dikshit KL. Multidomain truncated hemoglobins: New members of the globin family exhibiting tandem repeats of globin units and domain fusion. IUBMB Life 2017; 69:479-488. [PMID: 28394017 DOI: 10.1002/iub.1630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Truncated hemoglobins (trHbs) are considered the most primitive members of globin superfamily and traditionally exist as a single domain heme protein in three distinct structural organizations, type I (trHb1_N), type II (trHb2_O) and type III (trHb3_P). Our search of microbial and lower eukaryotic genomes revealed a broad array of multidomain organization, representing multiunit and chimeric forms of trHbs, where multiple units of trHbs are joined together and/or integrated with distinct functional domains. Globin motifs of these multidomain trHbs were from all three groups of trHbs and unambiguously assigned to trHb1_N, trHb2_O and trHb3_P. Multiunit and chimeric forms of trHb1_N were identified exclusively in ciliated protozoan parasites, where multiple units of trHb are integrated in tandem and/or fused with another redox active or signalling domain, presenting an interesting example of gene duplication and fusion in lower eukaryotes. In contrast, trHb2_O and trHb3_P trHbs were found only in bacteria in two or multidomain organization, where amino or carboxy terminus of trHb unit is integrated with different redox-active or oxidoreductase domains. The identification of these new multiunit and chimeric trHbs and their specific phyletic distribution presents an interesting and challenging finding to explore and understand complex functionalities of these novel multidomain trHbs. © 2017 IUBMB Life, 69(7):479-488, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mangesh Dattu Hade
- Department of Biotechnology, Punjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India.,CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector-39A, Chandigarh, 160036, India
| | - Jagdeep Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology, Punjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | | | - Kanak L Dikshit
- Department of Biotechnology, Punjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
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9
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Immunological properties of oxygen-transport proteins: hemoglobin, hemocyanin and hemerythrin. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 74:293-317. [PMID: 27518203 PMCID: PMC5219038 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2326-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 07/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
It is now well documented that peptides with enhanced or alternative functionality (termed cryptides) can be liberated from larger, and sometimes inactive, proteins. A primary example of this phenomenon is the oxygen-transport protein hemoglobin. Aside from respiration, hemoglobin and hemoglobin-derived peptides have been associated with immune modulation, hematopoiesis, signal transduction and microbicidal activities in metazoans. Likewise, the functional equivalents to hemoglobin in invertebrates, namely hemocyanin and hemerythrin, act as potent immune effectors under certain physiological conditions. The purpose of this review is to evaluate the true extent of oxygen-transport protein dynamics in innate immunity, and to impress upon the reader the multi-functionality of these ancient proteins on the basis of their structures. In this context, erythrocyte-pathogen antibiosis and the immune competences of various erythroid cells are compared across diverse taxa.
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10
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Koebke KJ, Waletzko MT, Pacheco AA. Direct Monitoring of the Reaction between Photochemically Generated Nitric Oxide and Mycobacterium tuberculosis Truncated Hemoglobin N Wild Type and Variant Forms: An Assessment of Computational Mechanistic Predictions. Biochemistry 2016; 55:686-96. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.5b01145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karl J. Koebke
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin—Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, United States
| | - Michael T. Waletzko
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin—Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, United States
| | - A. Andrew Pacheco
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin—Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, United States
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11
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Pesce A, Bustamante JP, Bidon-Chanal A, Boechi L, Estrin DA, Luque FJ, Sebilo A, Guertin M, Bolognesi M, Ascenzi P, Nardini M. The N-terminal pre-A region of Mycobacterium tuberculosis 2/2HbN promotes NO-dioxygenase activity. FEBS J 2015; 283:305-22. [PMID: 26499089 DOI: 10.1111/febs.13571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Revised: 08/09/2015] [Accepted: 08/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED A unique defense mechanisms by which Mycobacterium tuberculosis protects itself from nitrosative stress is based on the O2 -dependent NO-dioxygenase (NOD) activity of truncated hemoglobin 2/2HbN (Mt2/2HbN). The NOD activity largely depends on the efficiency of ligand migration to the heme cavity through a two-tunnel (long and short) system; recently, it was also correlated with the presence at the Mt2/2HbN N-terminus of a short pre-A region, not conserved in most 2/2HbNs, whose deletion results in a drastic reduction of NO scavenging. In the present study, we report the crystal structure of Mt2/2HbN-ΔpreA, lacking the pre-A region, at a resolution of 1.53 Å. We show that removal of the pre-A region results in long range effects on the protein C-terminus, promoting the assembly of a stable dimer, both in the crystals and in solution. In the Mt2/2HbN-ΔpreA dimer, access of heme ligands to the short tunnel is hindered. Molecular dynamics simulations show that the long tunnel branch is the only accessible pathway for O2 -ligand migration to/from the heme, and that the gating residue Phe(62)E15 partly restricts the diameter of the tunnel. Accordingly, kinetic measurements indicate that the kon value for peroxynitrite isomerization by Mt2/2HbN-ΔpreA-Fe(III) is four-fold lower relative to the full-length protein, and that NO scavenging by Mt2/2HbN-ΔpreA-Fe(II)-O2 is reduced by 35-fold. Therefore, we speculate that Mt2/2HbN evolved to host the pre-A region as a mechanism for preventing dimerization, thus reinforcing the survival of the microorganism against the reactive nitrosative stress in macrophages. DATABASE Coordinates and structure factors have been deposited in the Protein Data Bank under accession number 5AB8.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Juan P Bustamante
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física/INQUIMAE-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, University of Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Axel Bidon-Chanal
- Departament de Fisicoquímica and Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Facultat de Farmàcia, University of Barcelona, Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain
| | - Leonardo Boechi
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física/INQUIMAE-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, University of Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Darío A Estrin
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física/INQUIMAE-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, University of Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Francisco Javier Luque
- Departament de Fisicoquímica and Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Facultat de Farmàcia, University of Barcelona, Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain
| | - Anne Sebilo
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Bioinformatics, Laval University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Michel Guertin
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Bioinformatics, Laval University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Martino Bolognesi
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Italy.,CNR-IBF and CIMAINA, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Ascenzi
- Interdepartmental Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, Roma Tre University, Rome, Italy.,National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Nardini
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Italy
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12
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Rhéault JF, Gagné È, Guertin M, Lamoureux G, Auger M, Lagüe P. Molecular Model of Hemoglobin N from Mycobacterium tuberculosis Bound to Lipid Bilayers: A Combined Spectroscopic and Computational Study. Biochemistry 2015; 54:2073-84. [DOI: 10.1021/bi5010624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-François Rhéault
- Department
of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Bioinformatics, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Michel Guertin
- Department
of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Bioinformatics, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Guillaume Lamoureux
- Centre for Research
in Molecular Modeling (CERMM), Concordia University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Patrick Lagüe
- Department
of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Bioinformatics, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
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13
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Sanz-Luque E, Ocaña-Calahorro F, de Montaigu A, Chamizo-Ampudia A, Llamas Á, Galván A, Fernández E. THB1, a truncated hemoglobin, modulates nitric oxide levels and nitrate reductase activity. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2015; 81:467-79. [PMID: 25494936 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Revised: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Hemoglobins are ubiquitous proteins that sense, store and transport oxygen, but the physiological processes in which they are implicated is currently expanding. Recent examples of previously unknown hemoglobin functions, which include scavenging of the signaling molecule nitric oxide (NO), illustrate how the implication of hemoglobins in different cell signaling processes is only starting to be unraveled. The extent and diversity of the hemoglobin protein family suggest that hemoglobins have diverged and have potentially evolved specialized functions in certain organisms. A unique model organism to study this functional diversity at the cellular level is the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii because, among other reasons, it contains an unusually high number of a particular type of hemoglobins known as truncated hemoglobins (THB1-THB12). Here, we reveal a cell signaling function for a truncated hemoglobin of Chlamydomonas that affects the nitrogen assimilation pathway by simultaneously modulating NO levels and nitrate reductase (NR) activity. First, we found that THB1 and THB2 expression is modulated by the nitrogen source and depends on NIT2, a transcription factor required for nitrate assimilation genes expression. Furthermore, THB1 is highly expressed in the presence of NO and is able to convert NO into nitrate in vitro. Finally, THB1 is maintained on its active and reduced form by NR, and in vivo lower expression of THB1 results in increased NR activity. Thus, THB1 plays a dual role in NO detoxification and in the modulation of NR activity. This mechanism can partly explain how NO inhibits NR post-translationally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuel Sanz-Luque
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Campus de excelencia internacional (CeiA3), Edif. Severo Ochoa, 14071, Córdoba, Spain
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14
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Sanz-Luque E, Ocaña-Calahorro F, Galván A, Fernández E. THB1 regulates nitrate reductase activity and THB1 and THB2 transcription differentially respond to NO and the nitrate/ammonium balance in Chlamydomonas. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2015; 10:e1042638. [PMID: 26252500 PMCID: PMC4622704 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2015.1042638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) has emerged as an important regulator of the nitrogen assimilation pathway in plants. Nevertheless, this free radical is a double-edged sword for cells due to its high reactivity and toxicity. Hemoglobins, which belong to a vast and ancestral family of proteins present in all kingdoms of life, have arisen as important NO scavengers, through their NO dioxygenase (NOD) activity. The green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii has 12 hemoglobins (THB1-12) belonging to the truncated hemoglobins family. THB1 and THB2 are regulated by the nitrogen source and respond differentially to NO and the nitrate/ammonium balance. THB1 expression is upregulated by NO in contrast to THB2, which is downregulated. THB1 has NOD activity and thus a role in nitrate assimilation. In fact, THB1 is upregulated by nitrate and is under the control of NIT2, the major transcription factor in nitrate assimilation. In Chlamydomonas, it has been reported that nitrate reductase (NR) has a redox regulation and is inhibited by NO through an unknown mechanism. Now, a model in which THB1 interacts with NR is proposed for its regulation. THB1 takes electrons from NR redirecting them to NO dioxygenation. Thus, when cells are assimilating nitrate and NO appears (i.e. as a consequence of nitrite accumulation), THB1 has a double role: 1) to scavenge NO avoiding its toxic effects and 2) to control the nitrate reduction activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuel Sanz-Luque
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular; Facultad de Ciencias; Universidad de Córdoba; Campus de Rabanales; Campus de excelencia internacional (CeiA3); Córdoba, Spain
| | - Francisco Ocaña-Calahorro
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular; Facultad de Ciencias; Universidad de Córdoba; Campus de Rabanales; Campus de excelencia internacional (CeiA3); Córdoba, Spain
| | - Aurora Galván
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular; Facultad de Ciencias; Universidad de Córdoba; Campus de Rabanales; Campus de excelencia internacional (CeiA3); Córdoba, Spain
| | - Emilio Fernández
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular; Facultad de Ciencias; Universidad de Córdoba; Campus de Rabanales; Campus de excelencia internacional (CeiA3); Córdoba, Spain
- Correspondence to: Emilio Fernández;
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