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Xiong F, Wang Q, Wu GH, Liu WZ, Wang B, Chen YJ. Direct and indirect effects of IFN-α2b in malignancy treatment: not only an archer but also an arrow. Biomark Res 2022; 10:69. [PMID: 36104718 PMCID: PMC9472737 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-022-00415-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferon-α2b (IFN-α2b) is a highly active cytokine that belongs to the interferon-α (IFN-α) family. IFN-α2b has beneficial antiviral, antitumour, antiparasitic and immunomodulatory activities. Direct and indirect antiproliferative effects of IFN-α2b have been found to occur via multiple pathways, mainly the JAK-STAT pathway, in certain cancers. This article reviews mechanistic studies and clinical trials on IFN-α2b. Potential regulators of the function of IFN-α2b were also reviewed, which could be utilized to relieve the poor response to IFN-α2b. IFN-α2b can function not only by enhancing the systematic immune response but also by directly killing tumour cells. Different parts of JAK-STAT pathway activated by IFN-α2b, such as interferon alpha and beta receptors (IFNARs), Janus kinases (JAKs) and IFN‐stimulated gene factor 3 (ISGF3), might serve as potential target for enhancing the pharmacological action of IFN-α2b. Despite some issues that remain to be solved, based on current evidence, IFN-α2b can inhibit disease progression and improve the survival of patients with certain types of malignant tumours. More efforts should be made to address potential adverse effects and complications.
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Untargeted Metabolomics Showed Accumulation of One-Carbon Metabolites to Facilitate DNA Methylation during Extracellular Matrix Detachment of Cancer Cells. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12030267. [PMID: 35323710 PMCID: PMC8951017 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12030267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor cells detached from the extracellular matrix (ECM) undergo anoikis resistance and metabolic reprogramming to facilitate cancer cell survival and promote metastasis. During ECM detachment, cancer cells utilize genomic methylation to regulate transcriptional events. One-carbon (1C) metabolism is a well-known contributor of SAM, a global substrate for methylation reactions, especially DNA methylation. DNA methylation-mediated repression of NK cell ligands MICA and MICB during ECM detachment has been overlooked. In the current work, we quantitated the impact of ECM detachment on one-carbon metabolites, expression of 1C regulatory pathway genes, and total methylation levels. Our results showed that ECM detachment promotes the accumulation of one-carbon metabolites and induces regulatory pathway genes and total DNA methylation. Furthermore, we measured the expression of well-known targets of DNA methylation in NK cell ligands in cancer cells, namely, MICA/B, during ECM detachment and observed low expression compared to ECM-attached cancer cells. Finally, we treated the ECM-detached cancer cells with vitamin C (a global methylation inhibitor) and observed a reduction in the promoter methylation of NK cell ligands, resulting in MICA/B re-expression. Treatment with vitamin C was also found to reduce global DNA methylation levels in ECM-detached cancer cells.
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Jiang B, Tian M, Li G, Sadula A, Xiu D, Yuan C, Bing Y. circEPS15 Overexpression in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Modulates Tumor Invasion and Migration. Front Genet 2022; 13:804848. [PMID: 35211158 PMCID: PMC8861492 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.804848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Recent evidence has shown that circular RNAs (circRNAs) play important roles in tissue development, gene transcription, signal regulation and tumorigenesis. However, whether circRNAs are involved in HCC progression and encode functional proteins remains largely unknown. In the present study, we aimed to explore the function and molecular mechanism of circRNAs in HCC. First, many circRNAs were found to be differentially expressed in HCC samples and paired adjacent normal liver tissues. The validation of dysregulated circRNAs by qRT-PCR revealed that circEPS15 expression was downregulated in HCC tissues, and the survival curves showed that low circEPS15 levels were associated with poor overall survival in HCC patients. Then, the overexpression of circEPS15 suppressed tumor cell invasion and migration by inhibiting the TJP1/CDH2/VIM signaling pathway and retarded cell cycle progression, which was confirmed by the Transwell culture system, wound healing assays, flow cytometry and western blot assays. After that, the spanning junction open reading frame in circEPS15 driven by IRES was shown to encode a novel protein, which was verified by western blotting with full-length, mutated, and truncated sequences of circEPS15 with a FLAG tag. Moreover, ceRNA analysis and qRT-PCR results suggest a possible circRNA (circEPS15)-miRNA-mRNA network in HCC. Collectively, our study reveals that endogenous circEPS15 plays a novel role in repressing HCC through the ceRNA network and encodes a functional protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Maolin Tian
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | | | - Dianrong Xiu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chunhui Yuan
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yuntao Bing
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
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Zakir U, Siddiqui NN, Naqvi FUH, Khan R. Aberrant STAT1 methylation as a non-invasive biomarker in blood of HCV induced hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Biomark 2021; 34:95-103. [PMID: 34657877 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-210216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common types of cancer in the world and a reason behind different oncogenes activation and tumor suppressor genes inactivation. Hyper-methylation of tumor suppressor genes including RASSF1a, GSTP1, p16, and APC cause gene silencing as well as tumor cell invasion. STAT 1 gene is a part of signaling cascade of JAK/STAT and any dysregulation in signaling has been implicated in tumor formation. OBJECTIVE The current investigation focus on the methylation role of STAT1 gene as a non-invasive biomarker in the progression and diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma. METHODS STAT1 gene methylation status in 46 HCV induced hepatocellular carcinoma patients and 40 non-HCC controls were examined by methylation specific PCR. STAT1 gene expression was examined by real time PCR and further validated by various bioinformatics tools. RESULTS STAT1 methylation in HCV-induced HCC (67.4%) was significantly higher compared to the non-HCC controls (p< 0.01). However, mRNA expression of STAT1 gene in methylated groups was significantly lower compared to unmethylated groups (p< 0.05). Furthermore, insilco analysis of STAT1 validated our results and shown expression of STAT1 mRNA was lower in liver cancer with the median 24.3 (p= 0.085). CONCLUSION After using peripheral blood samples we observed that STAT1 silencing caused by aberrant methylation could be used as potential non-invasive biomarker for the diagnosis of HCV induced hepatocellular carcinoma. We conclude that blood as a sample source could be used instead of biopsy for early detection of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umaira Zakir
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Nadir Naveed Siddiqui
- The Karachi Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (KIBGE), University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | - Rizma Khan
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Dr. Ziauddin Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
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Zhang D, Guo S, Schrodi SJ. Mechanisms of DNA Methylation in Virus-Host Interaction in Hepatitis B Infection: Pathogenesis and Oncogenetic Properties. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9858. [PMID: 34576022 PMCID: PMC8466338 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV), the well-studied oncovirus that contributes to the majority of hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC) worldwide, can cause a severe inflammatory microenvironment leading to genetic and epigenetic changes in hepatocyte clones. HBV replication contributes to the regulation of DNA methyltransferase gene expression, particularly by X protein (HBx), and subsequent methylation changes may lead to abnormal transcription activation of adjacent genes and genomic instability. Undoubtedly, the altered expression of these genes has been known to cause diverse aspects of infected hepatocytes, including apoptosis, proliferation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, and immune responses. Additionally, pollutant-induced DNA methylation changes and aberrant methylation of imprinted genes in hepatocytes also complicate the process of tumorigenesis. Meanwhile, hepatocytes also contribute to epigenetic modification of the viral genome to affect HBV replication or viral protein production. Meanwhile, methylation levels of HBV integrants and surrounding host regions also play crucial roles in their ability to produce viral proteins in affected hepatocytes. Both host and viral changes can provide novel insights into tumorigenesis, individualized responses to therapeutic intervention, disease progress, and early diagnosis. As such, DNA methylation-mediated epigenetic silencing of cancer-related genes and viral replication is a compelling therapeutic goal to reduce morbidity and mortality from liver cancer caused by chronic HBV infection. In this review, we summarize the most recent research on aberrant DNA methylation associated with HBV infection, which is involved in HCC development, and provide an outlook on the future direction of the research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dake Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology, Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Shicheng Guo
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA;
| | - Steven J. Schrodi
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA;
- Computation and Informatics in Biology and Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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Xu B, Tang B, Wei J. Role of STAT1 in the resistance of HBV to IFN-α. Exp Ther Med 2021; 21:550. [PMID: 33850522 PMCID: PMC8027746 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.9982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to explore the mechanism of hepatitis B virus (HBV) resistance to interferon (IFN), and the role of signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1). HepG2.2.15 cells were stimulated with a long-term (6-24 weeks) low-dose interferon (IFN)α-2b (10-70 IU/ml), so as to construct and screen a HepG2.2.15 cell model resistant to IFNα-2b. The changes of STAT1 and other proteins in the JAK-STAT signaling pathway, before and after drug resistance, were compared. The phosphorylation of STAT1 in HepG2.2.15 cells resistant to IFNα-2b was significantly decreased, and the expression level of 2',5'-oligoadenylate synthetase 1 was downregulated. Decreased phosphorylation of STAT1 in the JAK-STAT signaling pathway a contributor to the development of resistance to IFN-α in HBV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingfa Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230061, P.R. China
| | - Bo Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, Huainan First People's Hospital, Huainan, Anhui 232007, P.R. China
| | - Jiajia Wei
- Department of Pharmacy, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213000, P.R. China
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Methionine metabolism in chronic liver diseases: an update on molecular mechanism and therapeutic implication. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2020; 5:280. [PMID: 33273451 PMCID: PMC7714782 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-00349-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
As one of the bicyclic metabolic pathways of one-carbon metabolism, methionine metabolism is the pivot linking the folate cycle to the transsulfuration pathway. In addition to being a precursor for glutathione synthesis, and the principal methyl donor for nucleic acid, phospholipid, histone, biogenic amine, and protein methylation, methionine metabolites can participate in polyamine synthesis. Methionine metabolism disorder can aggravate the damage in the pathological state of a disease. In the occurrence and development of chronic liver diseases (CLDs), changes in various components involved in methionine metabolism can affect the pathological state through various mechanisms. A methionine-deficient diet is commonly used for building CLD models. The conversion of key enzymes of methionine metabolism methionine adenosyltransferase (MAT) 1 A and MAT2A/MAT2B is closely related to fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. In vivo and in vitro experiments have shown that by intervening related enzymes or downstream metabolites to interfere with methionine metabolism, the liver injuries could be reduced. Recently, methionine supplementation has gradually attracted the attention of many clinical researchers. Most researchers agree that adequate methionine supplementation can help reduce liver damage. Retrospective analysis of recently conducted relevant studies is of profound significance. This paper reviews the latest achievements related to methionine metabolism and CLD, from molecular mechanisms to clinical research, and provides some insights into the future direction of basic and clinical research.
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Han Q, Zhou H, Xie W, Sun T, Wei R, Nie C, Hong J, Zhu L, Tian W. Association between the methylation of the STAT1 and SOCS3 in peripheral blood and gastric cancer. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 35:1347-1354. [PMID: 32108380 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.15021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM DNA methylation is an important epigenetic modification that can promote the development of various cancers. The STAT1 and SOCS3 have been observed to be hypermethylated in tumor tissues and peripheral blood. This study aimed to explore the relationship between the methylation status of the STAT1 and SOCS3 in peripheral blood and gastric cancer (GC). METHODS This hospital-based case-control study involved 372 patients with GC and 379 controls. The methylation status of the STAT1 and SOCS3 was semiquantitatively determined using the methylation-sensitive high-resolution melting method. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the relationship between the STAT1 and SOCS3 methylation status and GC susceptibility. Moreover, propensity scores were used to control confounding factors. RESULTS Compared with negative methylation, the positive methylation of SOCS3 significantly increased the risk of GC (ORa = 1.820, 95% CI: 1.247-2.658, P = 0.002). This trend was also found via stratified analysis, and methylation positivity of the SOCS3 significantly increased the risk of GC in the < 60 years group, in the ≥ 60 years group, and in the positive Helicobacter pylori infection group (ORa = 1.654, 95% CI: 1.029-2.660, P = 0.038; ORa = 1.957, 95% CI: 1.136-3.376, P = 0.016; ORa = 2.084, 95% CI: 1.270-3.422, P = 0.004, respectively). Additionally, no significant association was found between STAT1 methylation and GC risk (ORa = 0.646, 95% CI: 0.363-1.147, P = 0.135). This study found that the interaction between the methylation status of STAT1 and SOCS3 and environmental factors did not have an impact on GC risk. CONCLUSION SOCS3 methylation may serve as a new potential biomarker for GC susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Han
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Haibo Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Wenzhen Xie
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Tong Sun
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Rongrong Wei
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Chuang Nie
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jia Hong
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Wenjing Tian
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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Yang F. Post-translational Modification Control of HBV Biological Processes. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2661. [PMID: 30443247 PMCID: PMC6222169 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus infection remains a global healthy issue that needs to be urgently solved. Novel strategies for anti-viral therapy are based on exploring the effective diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets of diseases caused by hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. It is well-established that not only viral proteins themselves but also key factors from the host control the biological processes associated with HBV, including replication, transcription, packaging, and secretion. Protein post-translational modifications (PTMs), such as phosphorylation, acetylation, methylation, and ubiquitination, have been shown to control protein activity, regulate protein stability, promote protein interactions and alter protein subcellular localization, leading to the modulation of crucial signaling pathways and affected cellular processes. This review focuses on the functions and effects of diverse PTMs in regulating important processes in the HBV life cycle. The potential roles of PTMs in the pathogenesis of HBV-associated liver diseases are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Qin X, Chen J, Wu L, Liu Z. MiR-30b-5p acts as a tumor suppressor, repressing cell proliferation and cell cycle in human hepatocellular carcinoma. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 89:742-750. [PMID: 28273636 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.02.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Revised: 01/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs have been verified to participate in various biological behaviors of different tumors, via multiple signaling pathways. Many kinds of microRNAs in hepatocellular carcinoma have been researched. However, miR-30b-5p hasn't been included. Our study aim at the impacts of miR-30b-5p on HCC and the pathway it mediating. The results showed miR-30b-5p was significant downregulated in HCC tissues and cell lines. With clinical data, we've discovered miR-30b-5p was correlated with several clinical pathological characteristics, such as survival time, tumor size, HBV infected, pathological stage, differentiation and intrahepatic metastasis. Also we illustrated miR-30b-5p repressed cell proliferation and cell cycle of HCC cell lines. For a further study, we figured out that miR-30b-5p mediated DNMT3A to repress proliferation, meanwhile it targeted USP37 for decelerating cell cycle. This discovery inferred miR-30b-5p a potential favorable biomarker and therapeutic target for HCC diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Qin
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, PR China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, PR China
| | - Long Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, PR China
| | - Zhisu Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, PR China.
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Feasibility and Efficacy of S-Adenosyl-L-methionine in Patients with HBV-Related HCC with Different BCLC Stages. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2016; 2016:4134053. [PMID: 28003820 PMCID: PMC5149688 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4134053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims. To understand the feasibility and efficacy of treatment with SAMe in patients with hepatitis B-related HCC with different Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) stages. Methods. We retrospectively enrolled 697 patients with BCLC early-stage (stages 0-A) and advanced-stage (stages B-C) HCC who underwent SAMe therapy (354 cases) or no SAMe therapy (343 cases). The baseline characteristics, postoperative recoveries, and 24-month overall survival rates of the patients in the 2 groups were compared. Cox regression model analysis was performed to confirm the independent variables influencing the survival rate. Results. For patients in the early-stage (BCLC stages A1–A4) group, little benefit of SAMe therapy was observed. For advanced-stage (BCLC B-C) patients, SAMe therapy reduced alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) levels and effectively delayed the recurrence time and enhanced the 24-month survival rate. Cox regression model analysis in the advanced-stage group revealed that treatment with SAMe, preoperative viral load, and Child-Pugh grade were independent variables influencing survival time. Conclusion. SAMe therapy exhibited protective and therapeutic efficacy for BCLC advanced-stage HBV-related HCC patients. And the efficacy of SAMe therapy should be further explored in randomized prospective clinical trials.
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Ren Y, Zhao P, Liu J, Yuan Y, Cheng Q, Zuo Y, Qian L, Liu C, Guo T, Zhang L, Wang X, Qian G, Li L, Ge J, Dai J, Xiong S, Zheng H. Deubiquitinase USP2a Sustains Interferons Antiviral Activity by Restricting Ubiquitination of Activated STAT1 in the Nucleus. PLoS Pathog 2016; 12:e1005764. [PMID: 27434509 PMCID: PMC4951015 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
STAT1 is a critical transcription factor for regulating host antiviral defenses. STAT1 activation is largely dependent on phosphorylation at tyrosine 701 site of STAT1 (pY701-STAT1). Understanding how pY701-STAT1 is regulated by intracellular signaling remains a major challenge. Here we find that pY701-STAT1 is the major form of ubiquitinated-STAT1 induced by interferons (IFNs). While total STAT1 remains relatively stable during the early stages of IFNs signaling, pY701-STAT1 can be rapidly downregulated by the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Moreover, ubiquitinated pY701-STAT1 is located predominantly in the nucleus, and inhibiting nuclear import of pY701-STAT1 significantly blocks ubiquitination and downregulation of pY701-STAT1. Furthermore, we reveal that the deubiquitinase USP2a translocates into the nucleus and binds to pY701-STAT1, and inhibits K48-linked ubiquitination and degradation of pY701-STAT1. Importantly, USP2a sustains IFNs-induced pY701-STAT1 levels, and enhances all three classes of IFNs- mediated signaling and antiviral activity. To our knowledge, this is the first identified deubiquitinase that targets activated pY701-STAT1. These findings uncover a positive mechanism by which IFNs execute efficient antiviral signaling and function, and may provide potential targets for improving IFNs-based antiviral therapy. Phosphorylated STAT1 at tyrosine 701 site (pY701-STAT1) is critical for regulating many cellular functions including antiviral immunity. Maintaining sufficient pY701-STAT1 levels in the nucleus is essential to sustain efficient interferons (IFNs) signaling and antiviral functions. Therefore, it is important to clarify how pY701-STAT1 levels are positively regulated in the nucleus. Here, we demonstrated for the first time that IFNs-induced pY701-STAT1 largely raised STAT1 ubiquitination, and ubiquitinated-pY701-STAT1 is located predominantly in the nucleus and regulated by proteasome-dependent degradation. In IFNs signaling, the deubiquitinase USP2a translocates into the nucleus and binds to pY701-STAT1. USP2a positively regulates pY701-STAT1 levels through inhibiting its K48-linked ubiquitination and degradation. Importantly, USP2a sustains all three classes of IFNs-mediated signaling and antiviral function. Our studies uncover an important positive mechanism in the nucleus by which IFNs can execute efficient antiviral signaling and functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Ren
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jin Liu
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yukang Yuan
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Qiao Cheng
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yibo Zuo
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Liping Qian
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Tingting Guo
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Liting Zhang
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiaofang Wang
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Guanghui Qian
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Lemin Li
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jun Ge
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jianfeng Dai
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Sidong Xiong
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Soochow University, Jiangsu, China
- * E-mail: (SX); (HZ)
| | - Hui Zheng
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Soochow University, Jiangsu, China
- * E-mail: (SX); (HZ)
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Ma D, Shen B, Seewoo V, Tong H, Yang W, Cheng X, Jin Z, Peng C, Qiu W. GADD45β induction by S-adenosylmethionine inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma cell proliferation during acute ischemia-hypoxia. Oncotarget 2016; 7:37215-37225. [PMID: 27177086 PMCID: PMC5095070 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Growth arrest DNA damage-inducible gene 45β (GADD45β), which influences cell growth, apoptosis and cellular response to DNA damage, is downregulated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). S-adenosylmethionine (SAMe) serves as an essential methyl donor in multiple metabolic pathways and is a polyamine and glutathione (GSH) precursor. In this study, we assessed the roles of GADD45β and SAMe in cell survival during acute ischemia-hypoxia (I/H). SAMe treatment induced growth of HL-7702 normal hepatic cells, but decreased the viability of HepG2 (p53 wild-type) and Hep3B (p53 null) HCC cells. Cells were exposed to I/H with or without SAMe pre-treatment. I/H exposure alone triggered HCC cell proliferation promoted by autophagy. SAMe pre-treatment restored GADD45β expression and activated HCC cell apoptosis and eliminated I/H-induced HCC cell proliferation. p53 loss blunted the response to SAMe and I/H exposure in Hep3B cells; thus, the inhibitory effect of SAMe on cell proliferation may be reduced in p53-null cells as compared to wild-type cells. These results indicate that GADD45β induction by SAMe inhibits HCC cell proliferation during I/H as a result of increased apoptosis, and that SAMe also protects normal hepatocytes from apoptotic cell death and promotes normal cell regeneration. SAMe should be considered a potential therapeutic agent for the management of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ding Ma
- Department of Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Baiyong Shen
- Department of Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Varun Seewoo
- Department of Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Tong
- Department of Surgery, Huadong Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiping Yang
- Department of Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xi Cheng
- Department of Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhijian Jin
- Department of Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenghong Peng
- Department of Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weihua Qiu
- Department of Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Yang JJ, Tao H, Deng ZY, Lu C, Li J. Non-coding RNA-mediated epigenetic regulation of liver fibrosis. Metabolism 2015; 64:1386-94. [PMID: 26362725 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2015.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Revised: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Hepatic stellate cells (HSC) activation plays a key role in liver fibrosis. Numerous studies have indicated that non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) control liver fibrosis and fibroblasts proliferation. Greater knowledge of the role of the ncRNAs-mediated epigenetic mechanism in liver fibrosis could improve understanding of the liver fibrosis pathogenesis. The aim of this review is to describe the present knowledge about the ncRNAs significantly participating in liver fibrosis and HSC activation, and look ahead on new perspectives of ncRNAs-mediated epigenetic mechanism research. Moreover, we will discuss examples of non-coding RNAs that interact with histone modification or DNA methylation to regulate gene expression in liver fibrosis. Diverse classes of ncRNAs, ranging from microRNAs (miRs) to long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs), have emerged as key regulators of several important aspects of function, including cell proliferation, activation, etc. In addition, recent advances suggest the important role of ncRNAs transcripts in epigenetic gene regulation. Targeting the miRs and LncRNAs can be a promising direction in liver fibrosis treatment. We discuss new perspectives of miRs and LncRNAs in liver fibrosis and HSC activation, mainly including interaction with histone modification or DNA methylation to regulate gene expression. These epigenetic mechanisms form powerful ncRNAs surveillance systems that may represent new targets for liver fibrosis therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Jing Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China, 230601
| | - Hui Tao
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China, 230601
| | - Zi-Yu Deng
- Department of Scientific and Educational, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China, 230601.
| | - Chao Lu
- Department of Scientific and Educational, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China, 230601
| | - Jun Li
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China, 230032.
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