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Katz M, Diskin R. The underlying mechanisms of arenaviral entry through matriglycan. Front Mol Biosci 2024; 11:1371551. [PMID: 38516183 PMCID: PMC10955480 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2024.1371551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Matriglycan, a recently characterized linear polysaccharide, is composed of alternating xylose and glucuronic acid subunits bound to the ubiquitously expressed protein α-dystroglycan (α-DG). Pathogenic arenaviruses, like the Lassa virus (LASV), hijack this long linear polysaccharide to gain cellular entry. Until recently, it was unclear through what mechanisms LASV engages its matriglycan receptor to initiate infection. Additionally, how matriglycan is synthesized onto α-DG by the Golgi-resident glycosyltransferase LARGE1 remained enigmatic. Recent structural data for LARGE1 and for the LASV spike complex informs us about the synthesis of matriglycan as well as its usage as an entry receptor by arenaviruses. In this review, we discuss structural insights into the system of matriglycan generation and eventual recognition by pathogenic viruses. We also highlight the unique usage of matriglycan as a high-affinity host receptor compared with other polysaccharides that decorate cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ron Diskin
- Department of Chemical and Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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2
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Yang T, Chandel I, Gonzales M, Okuma H, Prouty SJ, Zarei S, Joseph S, Garringer KW, Landa SO, Yonekawa T, Walimbe AS, Venzke DP, Anderson ME, Hord JM, Campbell KP. Identification of a short, single site matriglycan that maintains neuromuscular function in the mouse. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.20.572361. [PMID: 38187633 PMCID: PMC10769215 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.20.572361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Matriglycan (-1,3-β-glucuronic acid-1,3-α-xylose-) is a polysaccharide that is synthesized on α-dystroglycan, where it functions as a high-affinity glycan receptor for extracellular proteins, such as laminin, perlecan and agrin, thus anchoring the plasma membrane to the extracellular matrix. This biological activity is closely associated with the size of matriglycan. Using high-resolution mass spectrometry and site-specific mutant mice, we show for the first time that matriglycan on the T317/T319 and T379 sites of α-dystroglycan are not identical. T379-linked matriglycan is shorter than the previously characterized T317/T319-linked matriglycan, although it maintains its laminin binding capacity. Transgenic mice with only the shorter T379-linked matriglycan exhibited mild embryonic lethality, but those that survived were healthy. The shorter T379-linked matriglycan exists in multiple tissues and maintains neuromuscular function in adult mice. In addition, the genetic transfer of α-dystroglycan carrying just the short matriglycan restored grip strength and protected skeletal muscle from eccentric contraction-induced damage in muscle-specific dystroglycan knock-out mice. Due to the effects that matriglycan imparts on the extracellular proteome and its ability to modulate cell-matrix interactions, our work suggests that differential regulation of matriglycan length in various tissues optimizes the extracellular environment for unique cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiandi Yang
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Department of Neurology, University of Iowa Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ishita Chandel
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Department of Neurology, University of Iowa Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA
| | - Miguel Gonzales
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Department of Neurology, University of Iowa Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA
| | - Hidehiko Okuma
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Department of Neurology, University of Iowa Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA
| | - Sally J Prouty
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Department of Neurology, University of Iowa Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA
| | - Sanam Zarei
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Department of Neurology, University of Iowa Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA
| | - Soumya Joseph
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Department of Neurology, University of Iowa Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA
| | - Keith W Garringer
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Department of Neurology, University of Iowa Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA
| | - Saul Ocampo Landa
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Department of Neurology, University of Iowa Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA
| | - Takahiro Yonekawa
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Department of Neurology, University of Iowa Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA
| | - Ameya S Walimbe
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Department of Neurology, University of Iowa Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA
| | - David P Venzke
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Department of Neurology, University of Iowa Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA
| | - Mary E Anderson
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Department of Neurology, University of Iowa Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA
| | - Jeffery M Hord
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Department of Neurology, University of Iowa Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA
| | - Kevin P Campbell
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Department of Neurology, University of Iowa Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA
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3
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Structural basis for matriglycan synthesis by the LARGE1 dual glycosyltransferase. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0278713. [PMID: 36512577 PMCID: PMC9746966 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0278713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
LARGE1 is a bifunctional glycosyltransferase responsible for generating a long linear polysaccharide termed matriglycan that links the cytoskeleton and the extracellular matrix and is required for proper muscle function. This matriglycan polymer is made with an alternating pattern of xylose and glucuronic acid monomers. Mutations in the LARGE1 gene have been shown to cause life-threatening dystroglycanopathies through the inhibition of matriglycan synthesis. Despite its major role in muscle maintenance, the structure of the LARGE1 enzyme and how it assembles in the Golgi are unknown. Here we present the structure of LARGE1, obtained by a combination of X-ray crystallography and single-particle cryo-EM. We found that LARGE1 homo-dimerizes in a configuration that is dictated by its coiled-coil stem domain. The structure shows that this enzyme has two canonical GT-A folds within each of its catalytic domains. In the context of its dimeric structure, the two types of catalytic domains are brought into close proximity from opposing monomers to allow efficient shuttling of the substrates between the two domains. Together, with putative retention of matriglycan by electrostatic interactions, this dimeric organization offers a possible mechanism for the ability of LARGE1 to synthesize long matriglycan chains. The structural information further reveals the mechanisms in which disease-causing mutations disrupt the activity of LARGE1. Collectively, these data shed light on how matriglycan is synthesized alongside the functional significance of glycosyltransferase oligomerization.
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Quereda C, Pastor À, Martín-Nieto J. Involvement of abnormal dystroglycan expression and matriglycan levels in cancer pathogenesis. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:395. [PMID: 36494657 PMCID: PMC9733019 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02812-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dystroglycan (DG) is a glycoprotein composed of two subunits that remain non-covalently bound at the plasma membrane: α-DG, which is extracellular and heavily O-mannosyl glycosylated, and β-DG, an integral transmembrane polypeptide. α-DG is involved in the maintenance of tissue integrity and function in the adult, providing an O-glycosylation-dependent link for cells to their extracellular matrix. β-DG in turn contacts the cytoskeleton via dystrophin and participates in a variety of pathways transmitting extracellular signals to the nucleus. Increasing evidence exists of a pivotal role of DG in the modulation of normal cellular proliferation. In this context, deficiencies in DG glycosylation levels, in particular those affecting the so-called matriglycan structure, have been found in an ample variety of human tumors and cancer-derived cell lines. This occurs together with an underexpression of the DAG1 mRNA and/or its α-DG (core) polypeptide product or, more frequently, with a downregulation of β-DG protein levels. These changes are in general accompanied in tumor cells by a low expression of genes involved in the last steps of the α-DG O-mannosyl glycosylation pathway, namely POMT1/2, POMGNT2, CRPPA, B4GAT1 and LARGE1/2. On the other hand, a series of other genes acting earlier in this pathway are overexpressed in tumor cells, namely DOLK, DPM1/2/3, POMGNT1, B3GALNT2, POMK and FKTN, hence exerting instead a pro-oncogenic role. Finally, downregulation of β-DG, altered β-DG processing and/or impaired β-DG nuclear levels are increasingly found in human tumors and cell lines. It follows that DG itself, particular genes/proteins involved in its glycosylation and/or their interactors in the cell could be useful as biomarkers of certain types of human cancer, and/or as molecular targets of new therapies addressing these neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Quereda
- grid.5268.90000 0001 2168 1800Departamento de Fisiología, Genética y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Alicante, Campus Universitario San Vicente, P.O. Box 99, 03080 Alicante, Spain
| | - Àngels Pastor
- grid.5268.90000 0001 2168 1800Departamento de Fisiología, Genética y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Alicante, Campus Universitario San Vicente, P.O. Box 99, 03080 Alicante, Spain
| | - José Martín-Nieto
- grid.5268.90000 0001 2168 1800Departamento de Fisiología, Genética y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Alicante, Campus Universitario San Vicente, P.O. Box 99, 03080 Alicante, Spain ,grid.5268.90000 0001 2168 1800Instituto Multidisciplinar para el Estudio del Medio ‘Ramón Margalef’, Universidad de Alicante, 03080 Alicante, Spain
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Deficiency of Glycosylated α-Dystroglycan in Ventral Hippocampus Bridges the Destabilization of Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid Type A Receptors With the Depressive-like Behaviors of Male Mice. Biol Psychiatry 2022; 91:593-603. [PMID: 35063187 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2021.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is a common psychiatric disorder associated with defects in GABAergic (gamma-aminobutyric acidergic) neurotransmission. α-Dystroglycan (α-DG), a cell adhesion molecule known to be essential for skeletal muscle integrity, is also present at inhibitory synapses in the central nervous system and forms a structural element in certain synapses. However, the role of α-DG in the regulation of depressive-like behaviors remains largely unknown. METHODS Depressive-like behaviors were induced by chronic social defeat stress in adult male mice. Surface protein was extracted by a biotin kit, and the expression of protein was detected by Western blotting. Intrahippocampal microinjection of the lentivirus or adeno-associated virus or agrin intervention was carried out using a stereotaxic instrument and followed by behavioral tests. Miniature inhibitory postsynaptic currents were recorded by whole-cell patch-clamp techniques. RESULTS The expression of α-DG and glycosylated α-DG in the ventral hippocampus was significantly lower in chronic social defeat stress-susceptible male mice than in control mice, accompanied by a decreased surface expression of GABAA receptor γ2 subunit and reduced GABAergic neurotransmission. RNA interference-mediated knockdown of Dag1 increased the susceptibility of mice to subthreshold stress. Both in vivo administration of agrin and overexpression of like-acetylglucosaminyltransferase ameliorated depressive-like behaviors and restored the decrease in surface expression of GABAA receptor γ2 subunit and the amplitude of miniature inhibitory postsynaptic currents in chronic social defeat stress-exposed mice. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate that glycosylated α-DG plays a role in the pathophysiological process of depressive-like behaviors by regulating the surface expression of GABAA receptor γ2 subunit and GABAergic neurotransmission in the ventral hippocampus.
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Molecular and cellular basis of genetically inherited skeletal muscle disorders. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2021; 22:713-732. [PMID: 34257452 PMCID: PMC9686310 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-021-00389-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Neuromuscular disorders comprise a diverse group of human inborn diseases that arise from defects in the structure and/or function of the muscle tissue - encompassing the muscle cells (myofibres) themselves and their extracellular matrix - or muscle fibre innervation. Since the identification in 1987 of the first genetic lesion associated with a neuromuscular disorder - mutations in dystrophin as an underlying cause of Duchenne muscular dystrophy - the field has made tremendous progress in understanding the genetic basis of these diseases, with pathogenic variants in more than 500 genes now identified as underlying causes of neuromuscular disorders. The subset of neuromuscular disorders that affect skeletal muscle are referred to as myopathies or muscular dystrophies, and are due to variants in genes encoding muscle proteins. Many of these proteins provide structural stability to the myofibres or function in regulating sarcolemmal integrity, whereas others are involved in protein turnover, intracellular trafficking, calcium handling and electrical excitability - processes that ensure myofibre resistance to stress and their primary activity in muscle contraction. In this Review, we discuss how defects in muscle proteins give rise to muscle dysfunction, and ultimately to disease, with a focus on pathologies that are most common, best understood and that provide the most insight into muscle biology.
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Bigotti MG, Brancaccio A. High degree of conservation of the enzymes synthesizing the laminin-binding glycoepitope of α-dystroglycan. Open Biol 2021; 11:210104. [PMID: 34582712 PMCID: PMC8478517 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.210104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The dystroglycan (DG) complex plays a pivotal role for the stabilization of muscles in Metazoa. It is formed by two subunits, extracellular α-DG and transmembrane β-DG, originating from a unique precursor via a complex post-translational maturation process. The α-DG subunit is extensively glycosylated in sequential steps by several specific enzymes and employs such glycan scaffold to tightly bind basement membrane molecules. Mutations of several of these enzymes cause an alteration of the carbohydrate structure of α-DG, resulting in severe neuromuscular disorders collectively named dystroglycanopathies. Given the fundamental role played by DG in muscle stability, it is biochemically and clinically relevant to investigate these post-translational modifying enzymes from an evolutionary perspective. A first phylogenetic history of the thirteen enzymes involved in the fabrication of the so-called 'M3 core' laminin-binding epitope has been traced by an overall sequence comparison approach, and interesting details on the primordial enzyme set have emerged, as well as substantial conservation in Metazoa. The optimization along with the evolution of a well-conserved enzymatic set responsible for the glycosylation of α-DG indicate the importance of the glycosylation shell in modulating the connection between sarcolemma and surrounding basement membranes to increase skeletal muscle stability, and eventually support movement and locomotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Giulia Bigotti
- School of Translational Health Sciences, Research Floor Level 7, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Upper Maudlin Street, Bristol BS2 8HW, UK,School of Biochemistry, University Walk, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Andrea Brancaccio
- School of Biochemistry, University Walk, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK,Institute of Chemical Sciences and Technologies ‘Giulio Natta’ (SCITEC) - CNR, Largo F.Vito 1, 00168, Rome, Italy
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Morton SU, Sefton CR, Zhang H, Dai M, Turner DL, Uhler MD, Agrawal PB. microRNA-mRNA Profile of Skeletal Muscle Differentiation and Relevance to Congenital Myotonic Dystrophy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052692. [PMID: 33799993 PMCID: PMC7962092 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
microRNAs (miRNAs) regulate messenger RNA (mRNA) abundance and translation during key developmental processes including muscle differentiation. Assessment of miRNA targets can provide insight into muscle biology and gene expression profiles altered by disease. mRNA and miRNA libraries were generated from C2C12 myoblasts during differentiation, and predicted miRNA targets were identified based on presence of miRNA binding sites and reciprocal expression. Seventeen miRNAs were differentially expressed at all time intervals (comparing days 0, 2, and 5) of differentiation. mRNA targets of differentially expressed miRNAs were enriched for functions related to calcium signaling and sarcomere formation. To evaluate this relationship in a disease state, we evaluated the miRNAs differentially expressed in human congenital myotonic dystrophy (CMD) myoblasts and compared with normal control. Seventy-four miRNAs were differentially expressed during healthy human myocyte maturation, of which only 12 were also up- or downregulated in CMD patient cells. The 62 miRNAs that were only differentially expressed in healthy cells were compared with differentiating C2C12 cells. Eighteen of the 62 were conserved in mouse and up- or down-regulated during mouse myoblast differentiation, and their C2C12 targets were enriched for functions related to muscle differentiation and contraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah U. Morton
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Correspondence: (S.U.M.); (P.B.A.)
| | | | - Huanqing Zhang
- Michigan Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (H.Z.); (M.D.); (D.L.T.); (M.D.U.)
| | - Manhong Dai
- Michigan Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (H.Z.); (M.D.); (D.L.T.); (M.D.U.)
| | - David L. Turner
- Michigan Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (H.Z.); (M.D.); (D.L.T.); (M.D.U.)
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Michael D. Uhler
- Michigan Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (H.Z.); (M.D.); (D.L.T.); (M.D.U.)
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Pankaj B. Agrawal
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Correspondence: (S.U.M.); (P.B.A.)
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Foulquier F, Legrand D. Biometals and glycosylation in humans: Congenital disorders of glycosylation shed lights into the crucial role of Golgi manganese homeostasis. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2020; 1864:129674. [PMID: 32599014 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2020.129674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
About half of the eukaryotic proteins bind biometals that participate in their structure and functions in virtually all physiological processes, including glycosylation. After reviewing the biological roles and transport mechanisms of calcium, magnesium, manganese, zinc and cobalt acting as cofactors of the metalloproteins involved in sugar metabolism and/or glycosylation, the paper will outline the pathologies resulting from a dysregulation of these metals homeostasis and more particularly Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation (CDGs) caused by ion transporter defects. Highlighting of CDGs due to defects in SLC39A8 (ZIP8) and TMEM165, two proteins transporting manganese from the extracellular space to cytosol and from cytosol to the Golgi lumen, respectively, has emphasized the importance of manganese homeostasis for glycosylation. Based on our current knowledge of TMEM165 structure and functions, this review will draw a picture of known and putative mechanisms regulating manganese homeostasis in the secretory pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Foulquier
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576 - UGSF - Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, Lille F-59000, France
| | - Dominique Legrand
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576 - UGSF - Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, Lille F-59000, France.
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Righino B, Bozzi M, Pirolli D, Sciandra F, Bigotti MG, Brancaccio A, De Rosa MC. Identification and Modeling of a GT-A Fold in the α-Dystroglycan Glycosylating Enzyme LARGE1. J Chem Inf Model 2020; 60:3145-3156. [PMID: 32356985 PMCID: PMC7340341 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.0c00281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The
acetylglucosaminyltransferase-like protein LARGE1 is an enzyme
that is responsible for the final steps of the post-translational
modifications of dystroglycan (DG), a membrane receptor that links
the cytoskeleton with the extracellular matrix in the skeletal muscle
and in a variety of other tissues. LARGE1 acts by adding the repeating
disaccharide unit [-3Xyl-α1,3GlcAβ1-] to the extracellular
portion of the DG complex (α-DG); defects in the LARGE1 gene result in an aberrant glycosylation of α-DG and consequent
impairment of its binding to laminin, eventually affecting the connection
between the cell and the extracellular environment. In the skeletal
muscle, this leads to degeneration of the muscular tissue and muscular
dystrophy. So far, a few missense mutations have been identified within
the LARGE1 protein and linked to congenital muscular dystrophy, and
because no structural information is available on this enzyme, our
understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying these pathologies
is still very limited. Here, we generated a 3D model structure of
the two catalytic domains of LARGE1, combining different molecular
modeling approaches. Furthermore, by using molecular dynamics simulations,
we analyzed the effect on the structure and stability of the first
catalytic domain of the pathological missense mutation S331F that
gives rise to a severe form of muscle–eye–brain disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedetta Righino
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biotecnologiche di Base, Cliniche Intensivologiche e Perioperatorie, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, L.go F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Manuela Bozzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biotecnologiche di Base, Cliniche Intensivologiche e Perioperatorie, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, L.go F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy.,Institute of Chemical Sciences and Technologies "Giulio Natta" (SCITEC)-CNR, L.go F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Davide Pirolli
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Technologies "Giulio Natta" (SCITEC)-CNR, L.go F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Sciandra
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Technologies "Giulio Natta" (SCITEC)-CNR, L.go F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Giulia Bigotti
- School of Translational Health Sciences, Research Floor Level 7, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Upper Maudlin Street, BS2 8HW Bristol, U.K.,School of Biochemistry, University Walk, University of Bristol, BS8 1TD Bristol, U.K
| | - Andrea Brancaccio
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Technologies "Giulio Natta" (SCITEC)-CNR, L.go F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy.,School of Biochemistry, University Walk, University of Bristol, BS8 1TD Bristol, U.K
| | - Maria Cristina De Rosa
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Technologies "Giulio Natta" (SCITEC)-CNR, L.go F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
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Yatsenko AS, Kucherenko MM, Xie Y, Aweida D, Urlaub H, Scheibe RJ, Cohen S, Shcherbata HR. Profiling of the muscle-specific dystroglycan interactome reveals the role of Hippo signaling in muscular dystrophy and age-dependent muscle atrophy. BMC Med 2020; 18:8. [PMID: 31959160 PMCID: PMC6971923 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-019-1478-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dystroglycanopathies are a group of inherited disorders characterized by vast clinical and genetic heterogeneity and caused by abnormal functioning of the ECM receptor dystroglycan (Dg). Remarkably, among many cases of diagnosed dystroglycanopathies, only a small fraction can be linked directly to mutations in Dg or its regulatory enzymes, implying the involvement of other, not-yet-characterized, Dg-regulating factors. To advance disease diagnostics and develop new treatment strategies, new approaches to find dystroglycanopathy-related factors should be considered. The Dg complex is highly evolutionarily conserved; therefore, model genetic organisms provide excellent systems to address this challenge. In particular, Drosophila is amenable to experiments not feasible in any other system, allowing original insights about the functional interactors of the Dg complex. METHODS To identify new players contributing to dystroglycanopathies, we used Drosophila as a genetic muscular dystrophy model. Using mass spectrometry, we searched for muscle-specific Dg interactors. Next, in silico analyses allowed us to determine their association with diseases and pathological conditions in humans. Using immunohistochemical, biochemical, and genetic interaction approaches followed by the detailed analysis of the muscle tissue architecture, we verified Dg interaction with some of the discovered factors. Analyses of mouse muscles and myocytes were used to test if interactions are conserved in vertebrates. RESULTS The muscle-specific Dg complexome revealed novel components that influence the efficiency of Dg function in the muscles. We identified the closest human homologs for Dg-interacting partners, determined their significant enrichment in disease-associations, and verified some of the newly identified Dg interactions. We found that Dg associates with two components of the mechanosignaling Hippo pathway: the WW domain-containing proteins Kibra and Yorkie. Importantly, this conserved interaction manages adult muscle size and integrity. CONCLUSIONS The results presented in this study provide a new list of muscle-specific Dg interactors, further analysis of which could aid not only in the diagnosis of muscular dystrophies, but also in the development of new therapeutics. To regulate muscle fitness during aging and disease, Dg associates with Kibra and Yorkie and acts as a transmembrane Hippo signaling receptor that transmits extracellular information to intracellular signaling cascades, regulating muscle gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andriy S Yatsenko
- Gene Expression and Signaling Group, Institute of Cell Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Mariya M Kucherenko
- Max Planck Research Group of Gene Expression and Signaling, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.,Present Address: Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, German Heart Center Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany.,Institute of Physiology, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Yuanbin Xie
- Max Planck Research Group of Gene Expression and Signaling, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.,Present Address: University Medical Center, Centre for Anatomy, Institute of Neuroanatomy, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Kreuzbergring 36, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dina Aweida
- Faculty of Biology, Technion, 32000, Haifa, Israel
| | - Henning Urlaub
- Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Research Group, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.,Bioanalytics Institute for Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Center Goettingen, Robert Koch Strasse 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Renate J Scheibe
- Gene Expression and Signaling Group, Institute of Cell Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Halyna R Shcherbata
- Gene Expression and Signaling Group, Institute of Cell Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany. .,Max Planck Research Group of Gene Expression and Signaling, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.
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Cloutier G, Sallenbach-Morrissette A, Beaulieu JF. Non-integrin laminin receptors in epithelia. Tissue Cell 2019; 56:71-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2018.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Inamori KI, Beedle AM, de Bernabé DBV, Wright ME, Campbell KP. LARGE2-dependent glycosylation confers laminin-binding ability on proteoglycans. Glycobiology 2016; 26:1284-1296. [PMID: 27496765 PMCID: PMC5137251 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cww075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Revised: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Both LARGE1 (formerly LARGE) and its paralog LARGE2 are bifunctional glycosyltransferases with xylosy- and glucuronyltransferase activities, and are capable of synthesizing polymers composed of a repeating disaccharide [-3Xylα1,3GlcAβ1-]. Post-translational modification of the O-mannosyl glycan of α-dystroglycan (α-DG) with the polysaccharide is essential for it to act as a receptor for ligands in the extracellular matrix (ECM), and both LARGE paralogs contribute to the modification in vivo. LARGE1 and LARGE2 have different tissue distribution profiles and enzymatic properties; however, the functional difference of the homologs remains to be determined, and α-DG is the only known substrate for the modification by LARGE1 or LARGE2. Here we show that LARGE2 can modify proteoglycans (PGs) with the laminin-binding glycan. We found that overexpression of LARGE2, but not LARGE1, mediates the functional modification on the surface of DG-/-, Pomt1-/- and Fktn-/- embryonic stem cells. We identified a heparan sulfate-PG glypican-4 as a substrate for the LARGE2-dependent modification by affinity purification and subsequent mass spectrometric analysis. Furthermore, we showed that LARGE2 could modify several additional PGs with the laminin-binding glycan, most likely within the glycosaminoglycan (GAG)-protein linkage region. Our results indicate that LARGE2 can modify PGs with the GAG-like polysaccharide composed of xylose and glucuronic acid to confer laminin binding. Thus, LARGE2 may play a differential role in stabilizing the basement membrane and modifying its functions by augmenting the interactions between laminin globular domain-containing ECM proteins and PGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei-Ichiro Inamori
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, and.,Department of Neurology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Iowa Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242-1101, USA.,Division of Glycopathology, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Miyagi 981-8558, Japan
| | - Aaron M Beedle
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, and.,Department of Neurology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Iowa Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242-1101, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602
| | - Daniel Beltrán-Valero de Bernabé
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, and.,Department of Neurology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Iowa Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242-1101, USA
| | - Michael E Wright
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Iowa Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242-1101, USA
| | - Kevin P Campbell
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, and .,Department of Neurology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Iowa Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242-1101, USA
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14
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Saunier M, Bönnemann CG, Durbeej M, Allamand V. 212th ENMC International Workshop: Animal models of congenital muscular dystrophies, Naarden, The Netherlands, 29-31 May 2015. Neuromuscul Disord 2016; 26:252-9. [PMID: 26948708 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2016.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Revised: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Saunier
- UPMC Univ Paris 06, Inserm UMRS974, CNRS FRE3617, Center for Research in Myology, Institut de Myologie, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Sorbonne Universités, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - C G Bönnemann
- National Institutes of Health, Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - M Durbeej
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - V Allamand
- UPMC Univ Paris 06, Inserm UMRS974, CNRS FRE3617, Center for Research in Myology, Institut de Myologie, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Sorbonne Universités, F-75013 Paris, France.
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Restoration of Functional Glycosylation of α-Dystroglycan in FKRP Mutant Mice Is Associated with Muscle Regeneration. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2015; 185:2025-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2015.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Revised: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Willer T, Inamori KI, Venzke D, Harvey C, Morgensen G, Hara Y, Beltrán Valero de Bernabé D, Yu L, Wright KM, Campbell KP. The glucuronyltransferase B4GAT1 is required for initiation of LARGE-mediated α-dystroglycan functional glycosylation. eLife 2014; 3. [PMID: 25279699 PMCID: PMC4227050 DOI: 10.7554/elife.03941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dystroglycan is a cell membrane receptor that organizes the basement membrane by binding ligands in the extracellular matrix. Proper glycosylation of the α-dystroglycan (α-DG) subunit is essential for these activities, and lack thereof results in neuromuscular disease. Currently, neither the glycan synthesis pathway nor the roles of many known or putative glycosyltransferases that are essential for this process are well understood. Here we show that FKRP, FKTN, TMEM5 and B4GAT1 (formerly known as B3GNT1) localize to the Golgi and contribute to the O-mannosyl post-phosphorylation modification of α-DG. Moreover, we assigned B4GAT1 a function as a xylose β1,4-glucuronyltransferase. Nuclear magnetic resonance studies confirmed that a glucuronic acid β1,4-xylose disaccharide synthesized by B4GAT1 acts as an acceptor primer that can be elongated by LARGE with the ligand-binding heteropolysaccharide. Our findings greatly broaden the understanding of α-DG glycosylation and provide mechanistic insight into why mutations in B4GAT1 disrupt dystroglycan function and cause disease. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.03941.001 Dystroglycan is a protein that is critical for the proper function of many tissues, especially muscles and brain. Dystroglycan helps to connect the structural network inside the cell with the matrix outside of the cell. The extracellular matrix fills the space between the cells to serve as a scaffold and hold cells together within a tissue. It is well established that the interaction of cells with their extracellular environments is important for structuring tissues, as well as for helping cells to specialize and migrate. These interactions also play a role in the progression of cancer. As is the case for many proteins, dystroglycan must be modified with particular sugar molecules in order to work correctly. Enzymes called glycosyltransferases are responsible for sequentially assembling a complex array of sugar molecules on dystroglycan. This modification is essential for making dystroglycan ‘sticky’, so it can bind to the components of the extracellular matrix. If sugar molecules are added incorrectly, dystroglycan loses its ability to bind to these components. This causes congenital muscular dystrophies, a group of diseases that are characterized by a progressive loss of muscle function. Willer et al. use a wide range of experimental techniques to investigate the types of sugar molecules added to dystroglycan, the overall structure of the resulting ‘sticky’ complex and the mechanism whereby it is built. This reveals that a glycosyltransferase known as B3GNT1 is one of the enzymes responsible for adding a sugar molecule to the complex. This enzyme was first described in the literature over a decade ago, and the name B3GNT1 was assigned, according to a code, to reflect the sugar molecule it was thought to transfer to proteins. However, Willer et al. (and independently, Praissman et al.) find that this enzyme actually attaches a different sugar modification to dystroglycan, and so should therefore be called B4GAT1 instead. Willer et al. find that the sugar molecule added by the B4GAT1 enzyme acts as a platform for the assembly of a much larger sugar polymer that cells use to anchor themselves within a tissue. Some viruses–including Lassa virus, which causes severe fever and bleeding–also use the ‘sticky’ sugar modification of dystroglycan to bind to and invade cells, causing disease in humans. Understanding the structure of this complex, and how these sugar modifications are added to dystroglycan, could therefore help to develop treatments for a wide range of diseases like progressive muscle weakening and viral infections. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.03941.002
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Willer
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, United States
| | - Kei-Ichiro Inamori
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, United States
| | - David Venzke
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, United States
| | - Corinne Harvey
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, United States
| | - Greg Morgensen
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, United States
| | - Yuji Hara
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, United States
| | | | - Liping Yu
- Medical Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Facility, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, United States
| | - Kevin M Wright
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, United States
| | - Kevin P Campbell
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, United States
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