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Lourido L, Balboa-Barreiro V, Ruiz-Romero C, Rego-Pérez I, Camacho-Encina M, Paz-González R, Calamia V, Oreiro N, Nilsson P, Blanco FJ. A clinical model including protein biomarkers predicts radiographic knee osteoarthritis: a prospective study using data from the Osteoarthritis Initiative. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2021; 29:1147-1154. [PMID: 33933586 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2021.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to provide a model to predict the prospective development of radiographic KOA (rKOA). METHOD Baseline sera from 333 non-radiographic KOA subjects belonging to OA Initiative (OAI) who developed or not, rKOA during a follow-up period of 96 months were used in this study. The exploratory cohort included 200 subjects, whereas the replication cohort included 133. The levels of inter-alpha trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 1 (ITIH1), complement C3 (C3) and calcyclin (S100A6), identified in previous large proteomic analysis, were analyzed by using sandwich immunoassays on suspension bead arrays. The association of protein levels and clinical covariates with rKOA incidence was assessed by combining logistic regression analysis, Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis, Integrated Discrimination Improvement (IDI) analysis and Kaplan-Meier curves. RESULTS Levels of ITIH1, C3 and S100A6 were significantly associated with the prospective development of rKOA, showing an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.713 (0.624-0.802), 0.708 (0.618-0.799) and 0.654 (0.559-0.749), respectively to predict rKOA in the replication cohort. The inclusion of ITIH1 in the clinical model (age, gender, BMI, previous knee injury and WOMAC pain) improved the predictive capacity of the clinical covariates (AUC = 0.754 [0.670-0.838]) producing the model with the highest AUC (0.786 [0.705-0.867]) and the highest IDI index (9%). High levels of ITIH1 were also associated with an earlier onset of the disease. CONCLUSION A clinical model including protein biomarkers that predicts incident rKOA has been developed. Among the tested biomarkers, ITIH1 showed potential to improve the capacity to predict rKOA incidence in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Lourido
- Grupo de Investigación de Reumatología (GIR), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Sergas, Universidade da Coruña (UDC), As Xubias de Arriba 84, 15006, A Coruña, Spain
| | - V Balboa-Barreiro
- Universidade da Coruña (UDC), Grupo de Investigación de Reumatología y Salud (GIR-S), Departamento de Fisioterapia, Medicina y Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Fisioterapia, Campus de Oza, 15008, A Coruña, Spain
| | - C Ruiz-Romero
- Grupo de Investigación de Reumatología (GIR), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Sergas, Universidade da Coruña (UDC), As Xubias de Arriba 84, 15006, A Coruña, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5. Pabellón 11, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - I Rego-Pérez
- Grupo de Investigación de Reumatología (GIR), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Sergas, Universidade da Coruña (UDC), As Xubias de Arriba 84, 15006, A Coruña, Spain
| | - M Camacho-Encina
- Grupo de Investigación de Reumatología (GIR), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Sergas, Universidade da Coruña (UDC), As Xubias de Arriba 84, 15006, A Coruña, Spain
| | - R Paz-González
- Grupo de Investigación de Reumatología (GIR), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Sergas, Universidade da Coruña (UDC), As Xubias de Arriba 84, 15006, A Coruña, Spain
| | - V Calamia
- Grupo de Investigación de Reumatología (GIR), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Sergas, Universidade da Coruña (UDC), As Xubias de Arriba 84, 15006, A Coruña, Spain
| | - N Oreiro
- Grupo de Investigación de Reumatología (GIR), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Sergas, Universidade da Coruña (UDC), As Xubias de Arriba 84, 15006, A Coruña, Spain
| | - P Nilsson
- Division of Affinity Proteomics, Department of Protein Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SciLifeLab, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - F J Blanco
- Grupo de Investigación de Reumatología (GIR), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Sergas, Universidade da Coruña (UDC), As Xubias de Arriba 84, 15006, A Coruña, Spain; Universidade da Coruña (UDC), Grupo de Investigación de Reumatología y Salud (GIR-S), Departamento de Fisioterapia, Medicina y Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Fisioterapia, Campus de Oza, 15008, A Coruña, Spain.
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Day AJ, Milner CM. TSG-6: A multifunctional protein with anti-inflammatory and tissue-protective properties. Matrix Biol 2018; 78-79:60-83. [PMID: 29362135 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2018.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor- (TNF) stimulated gene-6 (TSG-6) is an inflammation-associated secreted protein that has been implicated as having important and diverse tissue protective and anti-inflammatory properties, e.g. mediating many of the immunomodulatory and beneficial activities of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells. TSG-6 is constitutively expressed in some tissues, which are either highly metabolically active or subject to challenges from the environment, perhaps providing protection in these contexts. The diversity of its functions are dependent on the binding of TSG-6 to numerous ligands, including matrix molecules such as glycosaminoglycans, as well as immune regulators and growth factors that themselves interact with these linear polysaccharides. It is becoming apparent that TSG-6 can directly affect matrix structure and modulate the way extracellular signalling molecules interact with matrix. In this review, we focus mainly on the literature for TSG-6 over the last 10 years, summarizing its expression, structure, ligand-binding properties, biological functions and highlighting TSG-6's potential as a therapeutic for a broad range of disease indications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J Day
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Division of Cell-Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK.
| | - Caroline M Milner
- Division of Cell-Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK.
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Coulson-Thomas VJ, Lauer ME, Soleman S, Zhao C, Hascall VC, Day AJ, Fawcett JW. Tumor Necrosis Factor-stimulated Gene-6 (TSG-6) Is Constitutively Expressed in Adult Central Nervous System (CNS) and Associated with Astrocyte-mediated Glial Scar Formation following Spinal Cord Injury. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:19939-52. [PMID: 27435674 PMCID: PMC5025681 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.710673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-stimulated gene-6 (TSG-6) binds to hyaluronan and can reorganize/stabilize its structure, also enhancing the binding of this glycosaminoglycan to its cell surface receptor, CD44. TSG-6 is rapidly up-regulated in response to inflammatory cytokines protecting tissues from the damaging effects of inflammation. Despite TSG-6 treatment having been shown to improve outcomes in an experimental model of traumatic brain injury, TSG-6 expression has not been extensively studied in the central nervous system (CNS). We hereby analyzed the expression profile of TSG-6 in the developing CNS and following injury. We show that TSG-6 is expressed in the rat CNS by GFAP(+) and CD44(+) astrocytes, solely in the mature brain and spinal cord, and is not present during the development of the CNS. TSG-6(-/-) mice present a reduced number of GFAP(+) astrocytes when compared with the littermate TSG-6(+/-) mice. TSG-6 expression is drastically up-regulated after injury, and the TSG-6 protein is present within the glial scar, potentially coordinating and stabilizing the formation of this hyaluronan-rich matrix. This study shows that TSG-6 is expressed in the CNS, suggesting a role for TSG-6 in astrocyte activation and tissue repair. We hypothesize that within this context TSG-6 could participate in the formation of the glial scar and confer anti-inflammatory properties. Further studies are required to elucidate the therapeutic potential of targeting TSG-6 after CNS injury to promote its protective effects while reducing the inhibitory properties of the glial scar in axon regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivien J Coulson-Thomas
- From the John Van Geest Cambridge Centre for Brain Repair, The E. D. Adrian Building, Forvie Site, Robinson Way, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0PY, United Kingdom,
| | - Mark E Lauer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio 44195
| | - Sara Soleman
- From the John Van Geest Cambridge Centre for Brain Repair, The E. D. Adrian Building, Forvie Site, Robinson Way, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0PY, United Kingdom
| | - Chao Zhao
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute and Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Clifford Allbutt Building, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AH, United Kingdom, and
| | - Vincent C Hascall
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio 44195
| | - Anthony J Day
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - James W Fawcett
- From the John Van Geest Cambridge Centre for Brain Repair, The E. D. Adrian Building, Forvie Site, Robinson Way, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0PY, United Kingdom,
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Briggs DC, Birchenough HL, Ali T, Rugg MS, Waltho JP, Ievoli E, Jowitt TA, Enghild JJ, Richter RP, Salustri A, Milner CM, Day AJ. Metal Ion-dependent Heavy Chain Transfer Activity of TSG-6 Mediates Assembly of the Cumulus-Oocyte Matrix. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:28708-23. [PMID: 26468290 PMCID: PMC4661386 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.669838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The matrix polysaccharide hyaluronan (HA) has a critical role in the expansion of the cumulus cell-oocyte complex (COC), a process that is necessary for ovulation and fertilization in most mammals. Hyaluronan is organized into a cross-linked network by the cooperative action of three proteins, inter-α-inhibitor (IαI), pentraxin-3, and TNF-stimulated gene-6 (TSG-6), driving the expansion of the COC and providing the cumulus matrix with its required viscoelastic properties. Although it is known that matrix stabilization involves the TSG-6-mediated transfer of IαI heavy chains (HCs) onto hyaluronan (to form covalent HC·HA complexes that are cross-linked by pentraxin-3) and that this occurs via the formation of covalent HC·TSG-6 intermediates, the underlying molecular mechanisms are not well understood. Here, we have determined the tertiary structure of the CUB module from human TSG-6, identifying a calcium ion-binding site and chelating glutamic acid residue that mediate the formation of HC·TSG-6. This occurs via an initial metal ion-dependent, non-covalent, interaction between TSG-6 and HCs that also requires the presence of an HC-associated magnesium ion. In addition, we have found that the well characterized hyaluronan-binding site in the TSG-6 Link module is not used for recognition during transfer of HCs onto HA. Analysis of TSG-6 mutants (with impaired transferase and/or hyaluronan-binding functions) revealed that although the TSG-6-mediated formation of HC·HA complexes is essential for the expansion of mouse COCs in vitro, the hyaluronan-binding function of TSG-6 does not play a major role in the stabilization of the murine cumulus matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Briggs
- From the Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research and the Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Holly L Birchenough
- From the Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research and the Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Tariq Ali
- From the Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research and the Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Marilyn S Rugg
- the Medical Research Council Immunochemistry Unit, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, United Kingdom
| | - Jon P Waltho
- the Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Elena Ievoli
- the Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Thomas A Jowitt
- From the Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research and the Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Jan J Enghild
- the Department of Molecular Chemistry, University of Aarhus, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Ralf P Richter
- CIC biomaGUNE, 20009 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain, the Department of Molecular Chemistry, University Grenoble Alpes and CNRS, 38000 Grenoble, France, and the Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Antonietta Salustri
- the Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Caroline M Milner
- the Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony J Day
- From the Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research and the Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom,
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