1
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Kazanietz MG, Cooke M. Protein kinase C signaling "in" and "to" the nucleus: Master kinases in transcriptional regulation. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:105692. [PMID: 38301892 PMCID: PMC10907189 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.105692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
PKC is a multifunctional family of Ser-Thr kinases widely implicated in the regulation of fundamental cellular functions, including proliferation, polarity, motility, and differentiation. Notwithstanding their primary cytoplasmic localization and stringent activation by cell surface receptors, PKC isozymes impel prominent nuclear signaling ultimately impacting gene expression. While transcriptional regulation may be wielded by nuclear PKCs, it most often relies on cytoplasmic phosphorylation events that result in nuclear shuttling of PKC downstream effectors, including transcription factors. As expected from the unique coupling of PKC isozymes to signaling effector pathways, glaring disparities in gene activation/repression are observed upon targeting individual PKC family members. Notably, specific PKCs control the expression and activation of transcription factors implicated in cell cycle/mitogenesis, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and immune function. Additionally, PKCs isozymes tightly regulate transcription factors involved in stepwise differentiation of pluripotent stem cells toward specific epithelial, mesenchymal, and hematopoietic cell lineages. Aberrant PKC expression and/or activation in pathological conditions, such as in cancer, leads to profound alterations in gene expression, leading to an extensive rewiring of transcriptional networks associated with mitogenesis, invasiveness, stemness, and tumor microenvironment dysregulation. In this review, we outline the current understanding of PKC signaling "in" and "to" the nucleus, with significant focus on established paradigms of PKC-mediated transcriptional control. Dissecting these complexities would allow the identification of relevant molecular targets implicated in a wide spectrum of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo G Kazanietz
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
| | - Mariana Cooke
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
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2
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Luo B, Song L, Chen L, Cai Y, Zhang M, Wang S. Loss of polarity protein Par3 in the intestinal epithelium promotes colitis-associated colorectal cancer progression by damaging tight junction assembly. Mol Carcinog 2023; 62:1990-2004. [PMID: 37702006 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Partitioning defective 3 (Par3) is a polarity protein critical in establishing epithelial cell polarity and tight junctions (TJs). Impaired intestinal epithelial barrier integrity is closely associated with colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CRC) progression. According to the GEO and TCGA database analyses, we first observed that the expression of Par3 was reduced in CRC patients. To understand how Par3 is related to CRC, we investigated the role of Par3 in the development of CRC using an in vivo genetic approach. Our results show that the intestinal epithelium-specific PAR3 deletion mice demonstrated a more severe CRC phenotype in the context of azoxymethane/dextran sodium sulfate (AOM/DSS) treatment, with a corresponding increase in tumor number and inflammatory cytokines profile. Mechanistically, loss of Par3 disrupts the TJs of the intestinal epithelium and increases mucosal barrier permeability. The interaction of Par3 with ZO-1 prevents intramolecular interactions within ZO-1 protein and facilitates the binding of occludin to ZO-1, hence preserving TJs integrity. Our results suggest that Par3 deficiency permits pathogenic bacteria and their endotoxins to penetrate the intestinal submucosa and activate TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling, promoting inflammation-driven CRC development and that Par3 may be a novel potential molecular marker for the diagnosis of early-stage CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binbin Luo
- School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Department of Science and Education, The Second People's Hospital of Hefei, Hefei Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Linyi Song
- School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Department of Science and Education, The Second People's Hospital of Hefei, Hefei Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Limiao Chen
- School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yue Cai
- School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Mingwei Zhang
- School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Shenyi Wang
- School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
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3
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Whitford MKM, McCaffrey L. Polarity in breast development and cancer. Curr Top Dev Biol 2023; 154:245-283. [PMID: 37100520 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2023.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Mammary gland development and breast cancer progression are associated with extensive remodeling of epithelial tissue architecture. Apical-basal polarity is a key feature of epithelial cells that coordinates key elements of epithelial morphogenesis including cell organization, proliferation, survival, and migration. In this review we discuss advances in our understanding of how apical-basal polarity programs are used in breast development and cancer. We describe cell lines, organoids, and in vivo models commonly used for studying apical-basal polarity in breast development and disease and discuss advantages and limitations of each. We also provide examples of how core polarity proteins regulate branching morphogenesis and lactation during development. We describe alterations to core polarity genes in breast cancer and their associations with patient outcomes. The impact of up- or down-regulation of key polarity proteins in breast cancer initiation, growth, invasion, metastasis, and therapeutic resistance are discussed. We also introduce studies demonstrating that polarity programs are involved in regulating the stroma, either through epithelial-stroma crosstalk, or through signaling of polarity proteins in non-epithelial cell types. Overall, a key concept is that the function of individual polarity proteins is highly contextual, depending on developmental or cancer stage and cancer subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara K M Whitford
- Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Luke McCaffrey
- Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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4
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Vageli DP, Doukas SG, Doukas PG, Judson BL. Bile reflux and hypopharyngeal cancer (Review). Oncol Rep 2021; 46:244. [PMID: 34558652 PMCID: PMC8485019 DOI: 10.3892/or.2021.8195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Laryngopharyngeal reflux, a variant of gastroesophageal reflux disease, has been considered a risk factor in the development of hypopharyngeal cancer. Bile acids are frequently present in the gastroesophageal refluxate and their effect has been associated with inflammatory and neoplastic changes in the upper aerodigestive tract. Recent in vitro and in vivo studies have provided direct evidence of the role of acidic bile refluxate in hypopharyngeal carcinogenesis and documented the crucial role of NF-κB as a key mediator of early oncogenic molecular events in this process and also suggested a contribution of STAT3. Acidic bile can cause premalignant changes and invasive squamous cell cancer in the affected hypopharynx accompanied by DNA damage, elevated p53 expression and oncogenic mRNA and microRNA alterations, previously linked to head and neck cancer. Weakly acidic bile can also increase the risk for hypopharyngeal carcinogenesis by inducing DNA damage, exerting anti-apoptotic effects and causing precancerous lesions. The most important findings that strongly support bile reflux as an independent risk factor for hypopharyngeal cancer are presented in the current review and the underlying mechanisms are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitra P Vageli
- The Yale Larynx Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Sotirios G Doukas
- The Yale Larynx Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Panagiotis G Doukas
- The Yale Larynx Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Benjamin L Judson
- The Yale Larynx Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
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5
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Ramirez Moreno M, Stempor PA, Bulgakova NA. Interactions and Feedbacks in E-Cadherin Transcriptional Regulation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:701175. [PMID: 34262912 PMCID: PMC8273600 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.701175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial tissues rely on the adhesion between participating cells to retain their integrity. The transmembrane protein E-cadherin is the major protein that mediates homophilic adhesion between neighbouring cells and is, therefore, one of the critical components for epithelial integrity. E-cadherin downregulation has been described extensively as a prerequisite for epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and is a hallmark in many types of cancer. Due to this clinical importance, research has been mostly focused on understanding the mechanisms leading to transcriptional repression of this adhesion molecule. However, in recent years it has become apparent that re-expression of E-cadherin is a major step in the progression of many cancers during metastasis. Here, we review the currently known molecular mechanisms of E-cadherin transcriptional activation and inhibition and highlight complex interactions between individual mechanisms. We then propose an additional mechanism, whereby the competition between adhesion complexes and heterochromatin protein-1 for binding to STAT92E fine-tunes the levels of E-cadherin expression in Drosophila but also regulates other genes promoting epithelial robustness. We base our hypothesis on both existing literature and our experimental evidence and suggest that such feedback between the cell surface and the nucleus presents a powerful paradigm for epithelial resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Ramirez Moreno
- Department of Biomedical Science and Bateson Centre, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, England
| | | | - Natalia A Bulgakova
- Department of Biomedical Science and Bateson Centre, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, England
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6
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Slepicka PF, Somasundara AVH, Dos Santos CO. The molecular basis of mammary gland development and epithelial differentiation. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2021; 114:93-112. [PMID: 33082117 PMCID: PMC8052380 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2020.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Our understanding of the molecular events underpinning the development of mammalian organ systems has been increasing rapidly in recent years. With the advent of new and improved next-generation sequencing methods, we are now able to dig deeper than ever before into the genomic and epigenomic events that play critical roles in determining the fates of stem and progenitor cells during the development of an embryo into an adult. In this review, we detail and discuss the genes and pathways that are involved in mammary gland development, from embryogenesis, through maturation into an adult gland, to the role of pregnancy signals in directing the terminal maturation of the mammary gland into a milk producing organ that can nurture the offspring. We also provide an overview of the latest research in the single-cell genomics of mammary gland development, which may help us to understand the lineage commitment of mammary stem cells (MaSCs) into luminal or basal epithelial cells that constitute the mammary gland. Finally, we summarize the use of 3D organoid cultures as a model system to study the molecular events during mammary gland development. Our increased investigation of the molecular requirements for normal mammary gland development will advance the discovery of targets to predict breast cancer risk and the development of new breast cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila Ferreira Slepicka
- Stem Cell Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | | | - Camila O Dos Santos
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 1 Bungtown Road, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA.
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7
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Wang S, Cai J, Zhang S, Dong M, Zhang L, Xu Y, Shen B, Chen S. Loss of polarity protein Par3, via transcription factor Snail, promotes bladder cancer metastasis. Cancer Sci 2021; 112:2625-2641. [PMID: 33931921 PMCID: PMC8253273 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BLCA) remains the leading cause of cancer‐related mortality among genitourinary malignancies worldwide. BLCA metastasis represents the primary reason for its poor prognosis. In this study, we report that decreased expression of partitioning defective 3 (Par3), a polarity protein (encoded by PARD3), is associated with tumor aggressive phenotypes and poor prognosis in BLCA patients. Consistently, ablation of Par3 promotes the metastasis and invasion of BLCA cells in vitro and in vivo. Further studies reveal that zinc finger protein Snail represses the expression of Par3 by binding to E2‐box (CAGGTG) of PARD3 promoter‐proximal. Inhibition of GSK‐3β promotes the expression and nuclear localization of Snail and then reduces the expression of Par3, resulting in the metastasis and invasion of BLCA cells. Moreover, we detected the interaction between Par3 (936‐1356 aa) and ZO‐1 (1372‐1748 aa), which is involved in the maintenance of tight junction. Together, our results demonstrate that the GSK‐3β/Snail/Par3/ZO‐1 axis regulates BLCA metastasis, and Snail is a major regulator for Par3 protein expression in BLCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenyi Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinming Cai
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Si Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingwei Dong
- NHC Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingying Xu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing Shen
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - She Chen
- NHC Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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8
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Doukas PG, Vageli DP, Sasaki CT, Judson BL. Pepsin Promotes Activation of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor and Downstream Oncogenic Pathways, at Slightly Acidic and Neutral pH, in Exposed Hypopharyngeal Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22084275. [PMID: 33924087 PMCID: PMC8074291 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pepsin refluxate is considered a risk factor for laryngopharyngeal carcinogenesis. Non-acidic pepsin was previously linked to an inflammatory and tumorigenic effect on laryngopharyngeal cells in vitro. Yet there is no clear evidence of the pepsin-effect on a specific oncogenic pathway and the importance of pH in this process. We hypothesized that less acidic pepsin triggers the activation of a specific oncogenic factor and related-signalling pathway. To explore the pepsin-effect in vitro, we performed intermittent exposure of 15 min, once per day, for a 5-day period, of human hypopharyngeal primary cells (HCs) to pepsin (1 mg/mL), at a weakly acidic pH of 5.0, a slightly acidic pH of 6.0, and a neutral pH of 7.0. We have documented that the extracellular environment at pH 6.0, and particularly pH 7.0, vs. pH 5.0, promotes the pepsin-effect on HCs, causing increased internalized pepsin and cell viability, a pronounced activation of EGFR accompanied by NF-κB and STAT3 activation, and a significant upregulation of EGFR, AKT1, mTOR, IL1β, TNF-α, RELA(p65), BCL-2, IL6 and STAT3. We herein provide new evidence of the pepsin-effect on oncogenic EGFR activation and its related-signaling pathway at neutral and slightly acidic pH in HCs, opening a window to further explore the prevention and therapeutic approach of laryngopharyngeal reflux disease.
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9
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Xu Y, Zhu Y, Yue Y, Pu S, Wu J, Lv Y, Du D. Tamoxifen attenuates reactive astrocyte-induced brain metastasis and drug resistance through the IL-6/STAT3 signaling pathway. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2020; 52:1299-1305. [PMID: 33355355 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmaa127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain metastasis affects approximately 20%-30% of patients with triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs). Even small metastatic lesions in the brain can trigger severe neurological impairments and result in extremely short survival time. Recently, active astrocytes were reported to be associated with brain metastases. However, how activated astrocytes regulate the behaviors of disseminated breast cancer cells in the brain remains unknown. In this study, human primary astrocytes were stimulated with IL-1β to form active astrocytes to study the cross-talk between stromal cells (astrocytes) and TNBC cells in brain metastases. Our results showed that active astrocytes significantly increase the malignancy of TNBC cells and prevent them from undergoing apoptosis caused by doxorubicin. We also found that the high level of IL-6 secreted by activated astrocytes was responsible for the drug resistance of breast cancer, which could be abolished by treatment of astrocytes with tamoxifen (TAM). The blockage of active astrocyte-derived IL-6 by a neutralizing antibody resulted in the attenuation of drug resistance, consequently enhancing the sensitivity of breast cancer cells to doxorubicin. Furthermore, the possible involved TAM-modulated drug resistance mechanism may be associated with a decrease in IL-6 expression in astrocytes and the downregulation of MAPK and JAK2/STAT3 signaling in cancer cells. Our data suggested that TAMs might reduce drug resistance through the IL-6/JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway, providing a possible therapy to treat brain metastasis in TNBCs, as estrogen receptor inhibitors (TAMs, etc.) can cross the blood-brain barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongming Xu
- Department of Pain Management, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Yanrong Zhu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Liaocheng People’s Hospital, Liaocheng 252000, China
| | - Yong Yue
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhejiang Putuo Hospital, Zhoushan 316100, China
| | - Shaofeng Pu
- Department of Pain Management, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Junzhen Wu
- Department of Pain Management, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Yingying Lv
- Department of Pain Management, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Dongping Du
- Department of Pain Management, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200233, China
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10
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Kong W, Hayashi T, Fiches G, Xu Q, Li MZ, Que J, Liu S, Zhang W, Qi J, Santoso N, Elledge SJ, Zhu J. Diversified Application of Barcoded PLATO (PLATO-BC) Platform for Identification of Protein Interactions. GENOMICS, PROTEOMICS & BIOINFORMATICS 2019; 17:319-331. [PMID: 31494268 PMCID: PMC6818353 DOI: 10.1016/j.gpb.2018.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Proteins usually associate with other molecules physically to execute their functions. Identifying these interactions is important for the functional analysis of proteins. Previously, we reported the parallel analysis of translated ORFs (PLATO) to couple ribosome display of full-length ORFs with affinity enrichment of mRNA/protein/ribosome complexes for the "bait" molecules, followed by the deep sequencing analysis of mRNA. However, the sample processing, from extraction of precipitated mRNA to generation of DNA libraries, includes numerous steps, which is tedious and may cause the loss of materials. Barcoded PLATO (PLATO-BC), an improved platform was further developed to test its application for protein interaction discovery. In this report, we tested the antisera-antigen interaction using serum samples from patients with inclusion body myositis (IBM). Tripartite motif containing 21 (TRIM21) was identified as a potentially new IBM autoantigen. We also expanded the application of PLATO-BC to identify protein interactions for JQ1, single ubiquitin peptide, and NS5 protein of Zika virus. From PLATO-BC analyses, we identified new protein interactions for these "bait" molecules. We demonstrate that Ewing sarcoma breakpoint region 1 (EWSR1) binds to JQ1 and their interactions may interrupt the EWSR1 association with acetylated histone H4. RIO kinase 3 (RIOK3), a newly identified ubiquitin-binding protein, is preferentially associated with K63-ubiquitin chain. We also find that Zika NS5 protein interacts with two previously unreported host proteins, par-3 family cell polarity regulator (PARD3) and chromosome 19 open reading frame 53 (C19orf53), whose attenuated expression benefits the replication of Zika virus. These results further demonstrate that PLATO-BC is capable of identifying novel protein interactions for various types of "bait" molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weili Kong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Tsuyoshi Hayashi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Guillaume Fiches
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Qikai Xu
- Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mamie Z Li
- Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jianwen Que
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Shuai Liu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Mathematics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA 02125, USA
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Mathematics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA 02125, USA
| | - Jun Qi
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Netty Santoso
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Stephen J Elledge
- Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jian Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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11
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Temporal characteristics of NF-κB inhibition in blocking bile-induced oncogenic molecular events in hypopharyngeal cells. Oncotarget 2019; 10:3339-3351. [PMID: 31164956 PMCID: PMC6534360 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Biliary esophageal reflux at acidic pH is considered a risk factor in laryngopharyngeal cancer. We previously showed the key role NF-κB in mediating acidic bile-induced pre-neoplastic events in hypopharyngeal cells, and that co-administration of specific NF-κB inhibitor, BAY 11-7082, together with acidic bile, can effectively prevent its related oncogenic molecular effects. We hypothesize that the addition of BAY 11-7082 (10μM) either before or after application of acidic bile (400μM conjugated bile acids; pH 4.0), is capable of comparably blocking acidic bile-induced oncogenic molecular phenotypes in murine hypopharyngeal primary cells. We performed immunofluorescence, luciferase assay, western blot and qPCR analysis, demonstrating that 15-min of pre- or post-application of BAY 11-7082 effectively inhibits acidic bile-induced NF-κB activation, transcriptional activation of RELA(p65), STAT3, EGFR, IL-6, bcl-2, WNT5A, "upregulation" of "oncomirs" miR-21, miR-155, miR-192 and "downregulation" of "tumor suppressor" miR-34a, miR-375, miR-451a. Our observations support the understanding that acidic bile-induced deregulation of anti-apoptotic or oncogenic factors, bcl-2, STAT3, EGFR, IL-6, WNT5A, miR-21, miR-155, miR-375, is highly NF-κB-dependent, showing that even post-application of inhibitor can suppress their deregulation. In conclusion, application of specific NF-κB inhibitor, has the capability of adequately blocking the early oncogenic molecular events produced by acidic bile whether it is applied pre or post exposure. In addition to therapeutic implications these findings provide a window of observation into the complex kinetics characterizing the mechanistic link between acidic bile and early neoplasia. Although BAY 11-7082 itself may not be suitable for clinical use, the application of other NF-κB inhibitors merits exploration.
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12
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Jung HY, Fattet L, Tsai JH, Kajimoto T, Chang Q, Newton AC, Yang J. Apical-basal polarity inhibits epithelial-mesenchymal transition and tumour metastasis by PAR-complex-mediated SNAI1 degradation. Nat Cell Biol 2019; 21:359-371. [PMID: 30804505 PMCID: PMC6546105 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-019-0291-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Loss of apical-basal polarity and activation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) both contribute to carcinoma progression and metastasis. Here, we report that apical-basal polarity inhibits EMT to suppress metastatic dissemination. Using mouse and human epithelial three-dimensional organoid cultures, we show that the PAR-atypical protein kinase C (aPKC) polarity complex inhibits EMT and invasion by promoting degradation of the SNAIL family protein SNAI1. Under intact apical-basal polarity, aPKC kinases phosphorylate S249 of SNAI1, which leads to protein degradation. Loss of apical-basal polarity prevents aPKC-mediated SNAI1 phosphorylation and stabilizes the SNAI1 protein to promote EMT and invasion. In human breast tumour xenografts, inhibition of the PAR-complex-mediated SNAI1 degradation mechanism promotes tumour invasion and metastasis. Analyses of human breast tissue samples reveal negative correlations between PAR3 and SNAI1 protein levels. Our results demonstrate that apical-basal polarity functions as a critical checkpoint of EMT to precisely control epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity during tumour metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae-Yun Jung
- Department of Pharmacology, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Laurent Fattet
- Department of Pharmacology, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jeff H Tsai
- Department of Pharmacology, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Taketoshi Kajimoto
- Department of Pharmacology, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Qiang Chang
- Department of Medical Genetics and Department of Neurology, Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Alexandra C Newton
- Department of Pharmacology, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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13
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Vageli DP, Doukas SG, Spock T, Sasaki CT. Curcumin prevents the bile reflux-induced NF-κB-related mRNA oncogenic phenotype, in human hypopharyngeal cells. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:4209-4220. [PMID: 29911313 PMCID: PMC6111812 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of bile is not an uncommon finding in acidic oesophageal and extra‐oesophageal refluxate, possibly affecting the hypopharyngeal mucosa and leading to neoplastic events. We recently demonstrated that acidic bile (pH ≤ 4.0) can induce NF‐κB activation and oncogenic mRNA phenotype in normal hypopharyngeal cells and generate premalignant changes in treated hypopharyngeal mucosa. We hypothesize that curcumin, a dietary inhibitor of NF‐κB, may effectively inhibit the acidic bile‐induced cancer‐related mRNA phenotype, in treated human hypopharyngeal primary cells (HHPC), supporting its potential preventive use in vivo. Luciferase assay, immunofluorescence, Western blot, qPCR and PCR microarray analysis were used to explore the effect of curcumin in HHPC exposed to bile (400 μmol/L) at acidic and neutral pH. Curcumin successfully inhibited the acidic bile‐induced NF‐κB signalling pathway (25% of analysed genes), and overexpression of NF‐κB transcriptional factors, c‐REL, RELA(p65), anti‐apoptotic bcl‐2, oncogenic TNF‐α, EGFR, STAT3, WNT5A, ΔNp63 and cancer‐related IL‐6. Curcumin effectively reduced bile‐induced bcl‐2 overexpression at both acidic and neutral pH. Our novel findings suggest that, similar to pharmacologic NF‐κB inhibitor, BAY 11‐7082, curcumin can suppress acidic bile‐induced oncogenic mRNA phenotype in hypopharyngeal cells, encouraging its future in vivo pre‐clinical and clinical explorations in prevention of bile reflux‐related pre‐neoplastic events mediated by NF‐κB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitra P Vageli
- Department of Surgery, The Yale Larynx Laboratory, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Sotirios G Doukas
- Department of Surgery, The Yale Larynx Laboratory, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Todd Spock
- Department of Surgery, The Yale Larynx Laboratory, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Clarence T Sasaki
- Department of Surgery, The Yale Larynx Laboratory, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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14
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Vorhagen S, Kleefisch D, Persa OD, Graband A, Schwickert A, Saynisch M, Leitges M, Niessen CM, Iden S. Shared and independent functions of aPKCλ and Par3 in skin tumorigenesis. Oncogene 2018; 37:5136-5146. [PMID: 29789715 PMCID: PMC6137026 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0313-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The polarity proteins Par3 and aPKC are key regulators of processes altered in cancer. Par3/aPKC are thought to dynamically interact with Par6 but increasing evidence suggests that aPKC and Par3 also exert complex-independent functions. Whereas aPKCλ serves as tumor promotor, Par3 can either promote or suppress tumorigenesis. Here we asked whether and how Par3 and aPKCλ genetically interact to control two-stage skin carcinogenesis. Epidermal loss of Par3, aPKCλ, or both, strongly reduced tumor multiplicity and increased latency but inhibited invasion to similar extents, indicating that Par3 and aPKCλ function as a complex to promote tumorigenesis. Molecularly, Par3/aPKCλ cooperate to promote Akt, ERK and NF-κB signaling during tumor initiation to sustain growth, whereas aPKCλ dominates in promoting survival. In the inflammatory tumorigenesis phase Par3/aPKCλ cooperate to drive Stat3 activation and hyperproliferation. Unexpectedly, the reduced inflammatory signaling did not alter carcinogen-induced immune cell numbers but reduced IL-4 Receptor-positive stromal macrophage numbers in all mutant mice, suggesting that epidermal aPKCλ and Par3 promote a tumor-permissive environment. Importantly, aPKCλ also serves a distinct, carcinogen-independent role in controlling skin immune cell homeostasis. Collectively, our data demonstrates that Par3 and aPKCλ cooperate to promote skin tumor initiation and progression, likely through sustaining growth, survival, and inflammatory signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Vorhagen
- Department of Dermatology, University of Cologne, Köln, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Köln, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Köln, Germany
| | - Dominik Kleefisch
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Köln, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Köln, Germany
| | - Oana-Diana Persa
- Department of Dermatology, University of Cologne, Köln, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Köln, Germany
| | - Annika Graband
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Köln, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Köln, Germany
| | - Alexandra Schwickert
- Department of Dermatology, University of Cologne, Köln, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Köln, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Köln, Germany
| | - Michael Saynisch
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Köln, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Köln, Germany
| | - Michael Leitges
- Biotechnology Centre of Oslo, University of Oslo, 0316, Oslo, Norway
| | - Carien M Niessen
- Department of Dermatology, University of Cologne, Köln, Germany. .,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Köln, Germany. .,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Köln, Germany.
| | - Sandra Iden
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Köln, Germany. .,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Köln, Germany.
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15
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Doukas SG, Vageli DP, Sasaki CT. NF-κB inhibition reverses acidic bile-induced miR-21, miR-155, miR-192, miR-34a, miR-375 and miR-451a deregulations in human hypopharyngeal cells. J Cell Mol Med 2018. [PMID: 29516639 PMCID: PMC5908126 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that acidic bile activates NF-κB, deregulating the expression of oncogenic miRNA markers, in pre-malignant murine laryngopharyngeal mucosa. Here, we hypothesize that the in vitro exposure of human hypopharyngeal cells to acidic bile deregulates cancer-related miRNA markers that can be reversed by BAY 11-7082, a pharmacologic NF-κB inhibitor. We repetitively exposed normal human hypopharyngeal primary cells and human hypopharyngeal keratinocytes to bile fluid (400 μmol/L), at pH 4.0 and 7.0, with/without BAY 11-7082 (20 μmol/L). We centred our study on the transcriptional activation of oncogenic miR-21, miR-155, miR-192, miR-34a, miR-375, miR-451a and NF-κB-related genes, previously linked to acidic bile-induced pre-neoplastic events. Our novel findings in vitro are consistent with our hypothesis demonstrating that BAY 11-7082 significantly reverses the acidic bile-induced oncogenic miRNA phenotype, in normal hypopharyngeal cells. BAY 11-7082 strongly inhibits the acidic bile-induced up-regulation of miR-192 and down-regulation of miR-451a and significantly decreases the miR-21/375 ratios, previously related to poor prognosis in hypopharyngeal cancer. This is the first in vitro report that NF-κB inhibition reverses acidic bile-induced miR-21, miR-155, miR-192, miR-34a, miR-375 and miR-451a deregulations in normal human hypopharyngeal cells, suggesting that acidic bile-induced events are directly or indirectly dependent on NF-κB signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sotirios G Doukas
- The Yale Larynx laboratory, Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Dimitra P Vageli
- The Yale Larynx laboratory, Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Clarence T Sasaki
- The Yale Larynx laboratory, Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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16
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Li S, Jiang Q, Liu S, Zhang Y, Tian Y, Song C, Wang J, Zou Y, Anderson GJ, Han JY, Chang Y, Liu Y, Zhang C, Chen L, Zhou G, Nie G, Yan H, Ding B, Zhao Y. A DNA nanorobot functions as a cancer therapeutic in response to a molecular trigger in vivo. Nat Biotechnol 2018; 36:258-264. [PMID: 29431737 DOI: 10.1038/nbt.4071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 869] [Impact Index Per Article: 144.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Nanoscale robots have potential as intelligent drug delivery systems that respond to molecular triggers. Using DNA origami we constructed an autonomous DNA robot programmed to transport payloads and present them specifically in tumors. Our nanorobot is functionalized on the outside with a DNA aptamer that binds nucleolin, a protein specifically expressed on tumor-associated endothelial cells, and the blood coagulation protease thrombin within its inner cavity. The nucleolin-targeting aptamer serves both as a targeting domain and as a molecular trigger for the mechanical opening of the DNA nanorobot. The thrombin inside is thus exposed and activates coagulation at the tumor site. Using tumor-bearing mouse models, we demonstrate that intravenously injected DNA nanorobots deliver thrombin specifically to tumor-associated blood vessels and induce intravascular thrombosis, resulting in tumor necrosis and inhibition of tumor growth. The nanorobot proved safe and immunologically inert in mice and Bama miniature pigs. Our data show that DNA nanorobots represent a promising strategy for precise drug delivery in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suping Li
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety, CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, China, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiao Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety, CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, China, Beijing, China
| | - Shaoli Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety, CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, China, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yinlong Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety, CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, China, Beijing, China
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yanhua Tian
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety, CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, China, Beijing, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Song
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety, CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, China, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety, CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, China, Beijing, China
| | - Yiguo Zou
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety, CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, China, Beijing, China
| | - Gregory J Anderson
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jing-Yan Han
- Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yung Chang
- School of Molecular Sciences, Center for Molecular Design and Biomimetics; School of Life Sciences, Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines, and Virotherapy at the Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Yan Liu
- School of Molecular Sciences, Center for Molecular Design and Biomimetics; School of Life Sciences, Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines, and Virotherapy at the Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Chen Zhang
- Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guangbiao Zhou
- Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guangjun Nie
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety, CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, China, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Yan
- School of Molecular Sciences, Center for Molecular Design and Biomimetics; School of Life Sciences, Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines, and Virotherapy at the Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Baoquan Ding
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety, CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, China, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuliang Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety, CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, China, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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17
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Inhibition of NF- κB prevents the acidic bile-induced oncogenic mRNA phenotype, in human hypopharyngeal cells. Oncotarget 2017; 9:5876-5891. [PMID: 29464041 PMCID: PMC5814181 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Bile-containing gastro-duodenal reflux has been clinically considered an independent risk factor in hypopharyngeal carcinogenesis. We recently showed that the chronic effect of acidic bile, at pH 4.0, selectively induces NF-κB activation and accelerates the transcriptional levels of genes, linked to head and neck cancer, in normal hypopharyngeal epithelial cells. Here, we hypothesize that NF-κB inhibition is capable of preventing the acidic bile-induced and cancer-related mRNA phenotype, in treated normal human hypopharyngeal cells. In this setting we used BAY 11-7082, a specific and well documented pharmacologic inhibitor of NF-κB, and we observed that BAY 11-7082 effectively inhibits the acidic bile-induced gene expression profiling of the NF-κB signaling pathway (down-regulation of 72 out of 84 analyzed genes). NF-κB inhibition significantly prevents the acidic bile-induced transcriptional activation of NF-κB transcriptional factors, RELA (p65) and c-REL, as well as genes related to and commonly found in established HNSCC cell lines. These include anti-apoptotic bcl-2, oncogenic STAT3, EGFR, ∆Np63, TNF-α and WNT5A, as well as cytokines IL-1β and IL-6. Our findings are consistent with our hypothesis demonstrating that NF-κB inhibition effectively prevents the acidic bile-induced cancer-related mRNA phenotype in normal human hypopharyngeal epithelial cells supporting an understanding that NF-κB may be a critical link between acidic bile and early preneoplastic events in this setting.
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18
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Baker NE. Mechanisms of cell competition emerging from Drosophila studies. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2017; 48:40-46. [PMID: 28600967 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2017.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Cell competition was described in Drosophila as the loss from mosaic tissues of otherwise viable cells heterozygous for Ribosomal protein mutations ('Minutes'). Cell competition has now been described to occur between multiple other genotypes, such as cells differing in myc expression levels, or mutated for neoplastic tumor suppressors. Recent studies implicate innate immunity components, and possibly mechanical stress, compression and cell intercalation as a consequence of differential growth rates in competitive cell death. Competition to eliminate pre-neoplastic tumors makes use of signals and receptors also used in patterning the nervous system including Slit/Robo2 and Sas/PTP10D to recognize and extrude clones of mutant cells, at least where local epithelial cyto-architecture is favorable. Cell competition facilitates expansion of Drosophila tumors through host tissue, and in normal development may promote developmental robustness and longevity by selecting for optimal progenitor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas E Baker
- Department of Genetics, Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, United States.
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19
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Luxenburg C, Geiger B. Multiscale View of Cytoskeletal Mechanoregulation of Cell and Tissue Polarity. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2017; 235:263-284. [PMID: 27807694 DOI: 10.1007/164_2016_34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The ability of cells to generate, maintain, and repair tissues with complex architecture, in which distinct cells function as coherent units, relies on polarity cues. Polarity can be described as an asymmetry along a defined axis, manifested at the molecular, structural, and functional levels. Several types of cell and tissue polarities were described in the literature, including front-back, apical-basal, anterior-posterior, and left-right polarity. Extensive research provided insights into the specific regulators of each polarization process, as well as into generic elements that affect all types of polarities. The actin cytoskeleton and the associated adhesion structures are major regulators of most, if not all, known forms of polarity. Actin filaments exhibit intrinsic polarity and their ability to bind many proteins including the mechanosensitive adhesion and motor proteins, such as myosins, play key roles in cell polarization. The actin cytoskeleton can generate mechanical forces and together with the associated adhesions, probe the mechanical, structural, and chemical properties of the environment, and transmit signals that impact numerous biological processes, including cell polarity. In this article we highlight novel mechanisms whereby the mechanical forces and actin-adhesion complexes regulate cell and tissue polarity in a variety of natural and experimental systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Luxenburg
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel.
| | - Benjamin Geiger
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel.
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20
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Lesko AC, Prosperi JR. Epithelial Membrane Protein 2 and β1 integrin signaling regulate APC-mediated processes. Exp Cell Res 2016; 350:190-198. [PMID: 27890644 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2016.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Revised: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Adenomatous Polyposis Coli (APC) plays a critical role in cell motility, maintenance of apical-basal polarity, and epithelial morphogenesis. We previously demonstrated that APC loss in Madin Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) cells increases cyst size and inverts polarity independent of Wnt signaling, and upregulates the tetraspan protein, Epithelial Membrane Protein 2 (EMP2). Herein, we show that APC loss increases β1 integrin expression and migration of MDCK cells. Through 3D in vitro model systems and 2D migration analysis, we have depicted the molecular mechanism(s) by which APC influences polarity and cell motility. EMP2 knockdown in APC shRNA cells revealed that APC regulates apical-basal polarity and cyst size through EMP2. Chemical inhibition of β1 integrin and its signaling components, FAK and Src, indicated that APC controls cyst size and migration, but not polarity, through β1 integrin and its downstream targets. Combined, the current studies have identified two distinct and novel mechanisms required for APC to regulate polarity, cyst size, and cell migration independent of Wnt signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa C Lesko
- Department of Biological Science, Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, United States
| | - Jenifer R Prosperi
- Department of Biological Science, Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, United States; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, South Bend, United States.
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21
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Ruch TR, Bryant DM, Mostov KE, Engel JN. Par3 integrates Tiam1 and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling to change apical membrane identity. Mol Biol Cell 2016; 28:252-260. [PMID: 27881661 PMCID: PMC5231894 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e16-07-0541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathogens can alter epithelial polarity by recruiting polarity proteins to the apical membrane, but how a change in protein localization is linked to polarity disruption is not clear. In this study, we used chemically induced dimerization to rapidly relocalize proteins from the cytosol to the apical surface. We demonstrate that forced apical localization of Par3, which is normally restricted to tight junctions, is sufficient to alter apical membrane identity through its interactions with phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and the Rac1 guanine nucleotide exchange factor Tiam1. We further show that PI3K activity is required upstream of Rac1, and that simultaneously targeting PI3K and Tiam1 to the apical membrane has a synergistic effect on membrane remodeling. Thus, Par3 coordinates the action of PI3K and Tiam1 to define membrane identity, revealing a signaling mechanism that can be exploited by human mucosal pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis R Ruch
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - David M Bryant
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158.,Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1BD, United Kingdom.,Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1BD, United Kingdom
| | - Keith E Mostov
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158.,Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Joanne N Engel
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143
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22
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Nakamura H, Nagasaka K, Kawana K, Taguchi A, Uehara Y, Yoshida M, Sato M, Nishida H, Fujimoto A, Inoue T, Adachi K, Nagamatsu T, Arimoto T, Oda K, Osuga Y, Fujii T. Expression of Par3 polarity protein correlates with poor prognosis in ovarian cancer. BMC Cancer 2016; 16:897. [PMID: 27855669 PMCID: PMC5114836 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2929-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/06/2016] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have shown that the cell polarity protein partitioning defective 3 (Par3) plays an essential role in the formation of tight junctions and definition of apical-basal polarity. Aberrant function of this protein has been reported to be involved in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cancer invasion. The aim of this study was to examine the functional mechanism of Par3 in ovarian cancer. METHODS First, we investigated the association between Par3 expression level and survival of 50 ovarian cancer patients. Next, we conducted an in vitro analysis of ovarian cancer cell lines, focusing on the cell line JHOC5, to investigate Par3 function. To investigate the function of Par3 in invasion, the IL-6/STAT3 pathway was analyzed upon Par3 knockdown with siRNA. The effect of siRNA treatment was assessed by qPCR, ELISA, and western blotting. Invasiveness and cell proliferation following treatment with siRNA against Par3 were investigated using Matrigel chamber, wound healing, and cell proliferation assays. RESULTS Expression array data for ovarian cancer patient samples revealed low Par3 expression was significantly associated with good prognosis. Univariate analysis of clinicopathological factors revealed significant association between high Par3 levels and peritoneal dissemination at the time of diagnosis. Knockdown of Par3 in JHOC5 cells suppressed cell invasiveness, migration, and cell proliferation with deregulation of IL-6/STAT3 activity. CONCLUSION Taken together, these results suggest that Par3 expression is likely involved in ovarian cancer progression, especially in peritoneal metastasis. The underlying mechanism may be that Par3 modulates IL-6 /STAT3 signaling. Here, we propose that the expression of Par3 in ovarian cancer may control disease outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroe Nakamura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8655 Japan
| | - Kazunori Nagasaka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8655 Japan
| | - Kei Kawana
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8655 Japan
| | - Ayumi Taguchi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8655 Japan
| | - Yuriko Uehara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8655 Japan
| | - Mitsuyo Yoshida
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8655 Japan
| | - Masakazu Sato
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8655 Japan
| | - Haruka Nishida
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8655 Japan
| | - Asaha Fujimoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8655 Japan
| | - Tomoko Inoue
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8655 Japan
| | - Katsuyuki Adachi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8655 Japan
| | - Takeshi Nagamatsu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8655 Japan
| | - Takahide Arimoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8655 Japan
| | - Katsutoshi Oda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8655 Japan
| | - Yutaka Osuga
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8655 Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Fujii
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8655 Japan
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23
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Tong S, Xia T, Fan K, Jiang K, Zhai W, Li JS, Wang SH, Wang JJ. 14-3-3ζ promotes lung cancer cell invasion by increasing the Snail protein expression through atypical protein kinase C (aPKC)/NF-κB signaling. Exp Cell Res 2016; 348:1-9. [PMID: 27554601 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2016.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Revised: 08/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
14-3-3ζ has been identified as a putative oncogene in several cancers, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the mechanisms underlying its functions remain undefined. In this study, we show that overexpression of 14-3-3ζ was frequently detected in lung adenocarcinoma (LuAC) tissues and was significantly associated with lymph node metastasis and poor outcome. Functional studies demonstrated that 14-3-3ζ promoted migration and invasion in A549 cells, both of which were effectively inhibited when 14-3-3ζ was silenced with short hairpin RNA (shRNA). Furthermore, 14-3-3ζ-mediated invasion of cancer cells was found to upregulate Snail through the activation of atypical protein kinase C (aPKC). Activation of aPKCζ mediates this effect by stimulating NF-κB signaling. Our results identify a specific pathway by which 14-3-3ζ induces tumor invasion and provide insight into potential therapeutic approaches to target 14-3-3ζ-associated lung adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Tong
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tian Xia
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kai Fan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ke Jiang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Zhai
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing-Song Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Si-Hua Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Jian-Jun Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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Forteza R, Figueroa Y, Mashukova A, Dulam V, Salas PJ. Conditional knockout of polarity complex (atypical) PKCι reveals an anti-inflammatory function mediated by NF-κB. Mol Biol Cell 2016; 27:2186-97. [PMID: 27226486 PMCID: PMC4945138 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e16-02-0086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Atypical PKC, Par6, and Par3 constitute a conserved complex signaling cell asymmetry. In contrast to its role in other tissues, atypical PKC inhibits NF-κB activation in epithelia and may function in maintaining low levels of inflammation in addition to establishing apicobasal polarity. The conserved proteins of the polarity complex made up of atypical PKC (aPKC, isoforms ι and ζ), Par6, and Par3 determine asymmetry in several cell types, from Caenorhabditis elegans oocytes to vertebrate epithelia and neurons. We previously showed that aPKC is down-regulated in intestinal epithelia under inflammatory stimulation. Further, expression of constitutively active PKCι decreases NF-κB activity in an epithelial cell line, the opposite of the effect reported in other cells. Here we tested the hypothesis that aPKC has a dual function in epithelia, inhibiting the NF-κB pathway in addition to having a role in apicobasal polarity. We achieved full aPKC down-regulation in small intestine villi and colon surface epithelium using a conditional epithelium-specific knockout mouse. The results show that aPKC is dispensable for polarity after cell differentiation, except for known targets, including ROCK and ezrin, claudin-4 expression, and barrier permeability. The aPKC defect resulted in increased NF-κB activity, which could be rescued by IKK and ROCK inhibitors. It also increased expression of proinflammatory cytokines. In contrast, expression of anti-inflammatory IL-10 decreased. We conclude that epithelial aPKC acts upstream of multiple mechanisms that participate in the inflammatory response in the intestine, including, but not restricted to, NF-κB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radia Forteza
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136
| | - Yolanda Figueroa
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136
| | - Anastasia Mashukova
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136 Department of Physiology, Nova Southeastern University, Ft. Lauderdale, FL 33314
| | - Vipin Dulam
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136
| | - Pedro J Salas
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136
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25
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Molecular Control of Atypical Protein Kinase C: Tipping the Balance between Self-Renewal and Differentiation. J Mol Biol 2016; 428:1455-64. [PMID: 26992354 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2016.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 02/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Complex organisms are faced with the challenge of generating and maintaining diverse cell types, ranging from simple epithelia to neurons and motile immune cells [1-3]. To meet this challenge, a complex set of regulatory pathways controls nearly every aspect of cell growth and function, including genetic and epigenetic programming, cytoskeleton dynamics, and protein trafficking. The far reach of cell fate specification pathways makes it particularly catastrophic when they malfunction, both during development and for tissue homeostasis in adult organisms. Furthermore, the therapeutic promise of stem cells derives from their ability to deftly navigate the multitude of pathways that control cell fate [4]. How the molecular components making up these pathways function to specify cell fate is beginning to become clear. Work from diverse systems suggests that the atypical Protein Kinase C (aPKC) is a key regulator of cell fate decisions in metazoans [5-7]. Here, we examine some of the diverse physiological outcomes of aPKC's function in differentiation, along with the molecular pathways that control aPKC and those that are responsive to changes in its catalytic activity.
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26
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van Adrichem AJ, Wennerberg K. MgcRacGAP inhibition stimulates JAK-dependent STAT3 activity. FEBS Lett 2015; 589:3859-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2015.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Revised: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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27
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Cancer as a Proinflammatory Environment: Metastasis and Cachexia. Mediators Inflamm 2015; 2015:791060. [PMID: 26508818 PMCID: PMC4609868 DOI: 10.1155/2015/791060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Revised: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of the syndrome of cancer cachexia and that of metastasis are related with a poor prognostic for cancer patients. They are considered multifactorial processes associated with a proinflammatory environment, to which tumour microenvironment and other tissues from the tumour bearing individuals contribute. The aim of the present review is to address the role of ghrelin, myostatin, leptin, HIF, IL-6, TNF-α, and ANGPTL-4 in the regulation of energy balance, tumour development, and tumoural cell invasion. Hypoxia induced factor plays a prominent role in tumour macro- and microenvironment, by modulating the release of proinflammatory cytokines.
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