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Akkawi R, Hidmi O, Haj-Yahia A, Monin J, Diment J, Drier Y, Stein GS, Aqeilan RI. WWOX promotes osteosarcoma development via upregulation of Myc. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:13. [PMID: 38182577 PMCID: PMC10770339 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06378-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is an aggressive bone tumor that primarily affects children and adolescents. This malignancy is highly aggressive, associated with poor clinical outcomes, and primarily metastasizes to the lungs. Due to its rarity and biological heterogeneity, limited studies on its molecular basis exist, hindering the development of effective therapies. The WW domain-containing oxidoreductase (WWOX) is frequently altered in human osteosarcoma. Combined deletion of Wwox and Trp53 using Osterix1-Cre transgenic mice has been shown to accelerate osteosarcoma development. In this study, we generated a traceable osteosarcoma mouse model harboring the deletion of Trp53 alone (single-knockout) or combined deletion of Wwox/Trp53 (double-knockout) and expressing a tdTomato reporter. By tracking Tomato expression at different time points, we detected the early presence of tdTomato-positive cells in the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells of non-osteosarcoma-bearing mice (young BM). We found that double-knockout young BM cells, but not single-knockout young BM cells, exhibited tumorigenic traits both in vitro and in vivo. Molecular and cellular characterization of these double-knockout young BM cells revealed their resemblance to osteosarcoma tumor cells. Interestingly, one of the observed significant transcriptomic changes in double-knockout young BM cells was the upregulation of Myc and its target genes compared to single-knockout young BM cells. Intriguingly, Myc-chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing revealed its increased enrichment on Myc targets, which were upregulated in double-knockout young BM cells. Restoration of WWOX in double-knockout young BM cells reduced Myc protein levels. As a prototype target, we demonstrated the upregulation of MCM7, a known Myc target, in double-knockout young BM relative to single-knockout young BM cells. Inhibition of MCM7 expression using simvastatin resulted in reduced proliferation and tumor cell growth of double-knockout young BM cells. Our findings reveal BM mesenchymal stem cells as a platform to study osteosarcoma and Myc and its targets as WWOX effectors and early molecular events during osteosarcomagenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rania Akkawi
- The Concern Foundation Laboratories, The Lautenberg Center for Immunology and Cancer Research, Department of Immunology and Cancer Research, IMRIC, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Osama Hidmi
- The Concern Foundation Laboratories, The Lautenberg Center for Immunology and Cancer Research, Department of Immunology and Cancer Research, IMRIC, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ameen Haj-Yahia
- The Concern Foundation Laboratories, The Lautenberg Center for Immunology and Cancer Research, Department of Immunology and Cancer Research, IMRIC, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Jonathon Monin
- The Concern Foundation Laboratories, The Lautenberg Center for Immunology and Cancer Research, Department of Immunology and Cancer Research, IMRIC, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Judith Diment
- Department of Pathology, Hadassah University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yotam Drier
- The Concern Foundation Laboratories, The Lautenberg Center for Immunology and Cancer Research, Department of Immunology and Cancer Research, IMRIC, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Gary S Stein
- Department of Biochemistry, Larner College of Medicine, UVM Cancer Center, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Rami I Aqeilan
- The Concern Foundation Laboratories, The Lautenberg Center for Immunology and Cancer Research, Department of Immunology and Cancer Research, IMRIC, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
- Cyprus Cancer Research Institute (CCRI), Nicosia, Cyprus.
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2
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Sarver AL, Mills LJ, Makielski KM, Temiz NA, Wang J, Spector LG, Subramanian S, Modiano JF. Distinct mechanisms of PTEN inactivation in dogs and humans highlight convergent molecular events that drive cell division in the pathogenesis of osteosarcoma. Cancer Genet 2023; 276-277:1-11. [PMID: 37267683 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergen.2023.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A hallmark of osteosarcoma in both human and canine tumors is somatic fragmentation and rearrangement of chromosome structure which leads to recurrent increases and decreases in DNA copy number. The PTEN gene has been implicated as an important tumor suppressor in osteosarcoma via forward genetic screens. Here, we analyzed copy number changes, promoter methylation and transcriptomes to better understand the role of PTEN in canine and human osteosarcoma. Reduction in PTEN copy number was observed in 23 of 95 (25%) of the canine tumors examined leading to corresponding decreases in PTEN transcript levels from RNA-Seq samples. Unexpectedly, canine tumors with an intact PTEN locus had higher levels of PTEN transcripts than human tumors. This variation in transcript abundance was used to evaluate the role of PTEN in osteosarcoma biology. Decreased PTEN copy number and transcript level was observed in - and likely an important driver of - increases in cell cycle transcripts in four independent canine transcriptional datasets. In human osteosarcoma, homozygous copy number loss was not observed, instead increased methylation of the PTEN promoter was associated with increased cell cycle transcripts. Somatic modification of PTEN, either by homozygous deletion in dogs or by promoter methylation in humans, is clinically relevant to osteosarcoma, because the cell cycle related transcripts are associated with patient outcomes. The PTEN gene is part of a syntenic rearrangement unique to the canine genome, making it susceptible to somatic loss of both copies of distal chromosome 26 which also includes the FAS death receptor. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: PTEN function is abrogated by different mechanisms in canine and human osteosarcoma tumors leading to uncontrolled cell cycling. Somatic loss of this canine specific syntenic region may help explain why the canine genome appears to be uniquely susceptible to osteosarcoma. Syntenic arrangement, in the context of copy number change, may lead to synergistic interactions that in turn modify species specific cancer risk. Comparative models of tumorigenesis may utilize different driver mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron L Sarver
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Institute for Health Informatics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Animal Cancer Care and Research Program, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA.
| | - Lauren J Mills
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Kelly M Makielski
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Animal Cancer Care and Research Program, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA; Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Minnesota College of Veterinary Medicine, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Nuri A Temiz
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Institute for Health Informatics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Jinhua Wang
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Institute for Health Informatics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Logan G Spector
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Animal Cancer Care and Research Program, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Subbaya Subramanian
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Animal Cancer Care and Research Program, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Jaime F Modiano
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Animal Cancer Care and Research Program, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA; Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Minnesota College of Veterinary Medicine, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA; Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Center for Engineering and Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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3
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Małek A, Wojnicki M, Borkowska A, Wójcik M, Ziółek G, Lechowski R, Zabielska-Koczywąs K. Gold Nanoparticles Inhibit Extravasation of Canine Osteosarcoma Cells in the Ex Ovo Chicken Embryo Chorioallantoic Membrane Model. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:9858. [PMID: 37373007 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24129858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Canine osteosarcoma (OS) is an aggressive bone tumor with high metastatic potential and poor prognosis, mainly due to metastatic disease. Nanomedicine-based agents can be used to improve both primary and metastatic tumor treatment. Recently, gold nanoparticles were shown to inhibit different stages of the metastatic cascade in various human cancers. Here, we assessed the potential inhibitory effect of the glutathione-stabilized gold nanoparticles (Au-GSH NPs) on canine OS cells extravasation, utilizing the ex ovo chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model. The calculation of cells extravasation rates was performed using wide-field fluorescent microscopy. Transmission electron microscopy and Microwave Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy revealed Au-GSH NPs absorption by OS cells. We demonstrated that Au-GSH NPs are non-toxic and significantly inhibit canine OS cells extravasation rates, regardless of their aggressiveness phenotype. The results indicate that Au-GSH NPs can act as a possible anti metastatic agent for OS treatment. Furthermore, the implemented CAM model may be used as a valuable preclinical platform in veterinary medicine, such as testing anti-metastatic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Małek
- Department of Small Animal Diseases and Clinic, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159c, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marek Wojnicki
- Faculty of Non-Ferrous Metals, AGH University of Science and Technology, Al. A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Borkowska
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Wójcik
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Gabriela Ziółek
- Department of Small Animal Diseases and Clinic, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159c, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Roman Lechowski
- Department of Small Animal Diseases and Clinic, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159c, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Zabielska-Koczywąs
- Department of Small Animal Diseases and Clinic, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159c, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
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Mills LJ, Scott MC, Shah P, Cunanan AR, Deshpande A, Auch B, Curtin B, Beckman KB, Spector LG, Sarver AL, Subramanian S, Richmond TA, Modiano JF. Comparative analysis of genome-wide DNA methylation identifies patterns that associate with conserved transcriptional programs in osteosarcoma. Bone 2022; 158:115716. [PMID: 33127576 PMCID: PMC8076342 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is an aggressive tumor of the bone that primarily affects young adults and adolescents. Osteosarcoma is characterized by genomic chaos and heterogeneity. While inactivation of tumor protein p53 (TP53) is nearly universal other high frequency mutations or structural variations have not been identified. Despite this genomic heterogeneity, key conserved transcriptional programs associated with survival have been identified across human, canine and induced murine osteosarcoma. The epigenomic landscape, including DNA methylation, plays a key role in establishing transcriptional programs in all cell types. The role of epigenetic dysregulation has been studied in a variety of cancers but has yet to be explored at scale in osteosarcoma. Here we examined genome-wide DNA methylation patterns in 24 human and 44 canine osteosarcoma samples identifying groups of highly correlated DNA methylation marks in human and canine osteosarcoma samples. We also link specific DNA methylation patterns to key transcriptional programs in both human and canine osteosarcoma. Building on previous work, we built a DNA methylation-based measure for the presence and abundance of various immune cell types in osteosarcoma. Finally, we determined that the underlying state of the tumor, and not changes in cell composition, were the main driver of differences in DNA methylation across the human and canine samples. SIGNIFICANCE: Genome wide comparison of DNA methylation patterns in osteosarcoma across two species lays the ground work for the exploration of DNA methylation programs that help establish conserved transcriptional programs in the context of varied mutational landscapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren J Mills
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Childhood Cancer Genomics Group, Department of Pediatric, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Milcah C Scott
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Pankti Shah
- Roche Sequencing Solution, Pleasanton, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Benjamin Auch
- University of Minnesota Genomics Center, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Bridget Curtin
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | | | - Logan G Spector
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Childhood Cancer Genomics Group, Department of Pediatric, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Aaron L Sarver
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Animal Cancer Care and Research Program, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108, USA; Institute of Health Informatics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Subbaya Subramanian
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | | | - Jaime F Modiano
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Animal Cancer Care and Research Program, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108, USA; Institute of Health Informatics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA; Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, UDS Institute for Engineering in Medicine, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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5
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Jawad MU, Pollock BH, Alvarez E, Carr-Ascher JR, Randall RL, Thorpe SW. Non-Private Health Insurance Predicts Advanced Stage at Presentation and Amputation in Lower Extremity High Grade Bone Sarcoma: A National Cancer Database Study : Amputation Predicts Survival: An Effect Most Pronounced in Pediatric and AYA Age Group. Ann Surg Oncol 2022; 29:10.1245/s10434-022-11494-4. [PMID: 35314919 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-022-11494-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Advances in diagnostic and treatment modalities for high grade bone sarcomas (HGBS) of lower extremity (LE) have enabled limb salvage resections as a feasible first-line surgical option. However, amputations are still performed. Impact of amputation on survival and predictive factors for amputation and the stage at presentation for HGBS of LE remain unknown. METHODS National Cancer Database was used to extract 5781 cases of high-grade bone sarcoma of the LE from 2004 to 2017. Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression were used to determine the impact of amputation on survival. Chi square test and logistic regression were used to assess the correlation of predictive factors with amputation and stage at presentation. RESULTS Amputation [hazard ratio (HR) 1.516; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.259-1.826; p < 0.001] and advanced stage (HR 0.248; 95% CI 0.176-0.351; p < 0.001) were independent predictors of poor overall survival. The impact of amputation on survival was most pronounced for pediatric and adolescents and young adults (AYA) age groups (18% decrease in 10-year survival). Amputation was more likely to be performed among those with nonprivate insurance (HR 1.736; 95% CI 1.191-2.531; p = 0.004), a finding that was mirrored for advanced stage at presentation (HR 0.611; 95% CI 0.414-0.902; p = 0.013). DISCUSSION Amputation is an independent predictor of poor outcomes among patients with HGBS of LE. The impact of amputation on survival is the highest for the pediatric and AYA age group. Nonprivate insurance is associated with increased likelihood of amputation and an advanced stage at presentation among patients with high-grade bone sarcoma of the LE. This is the largest study highlighting insurance-related disparities in this cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Umar Jawad
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Brad H Pollock
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Elysia Alvarez
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Janai R Carr-Ascher
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - R Lor Randall
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Steven W Thorpe
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA.
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6
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Ehrenfeld M, Schrade A, Flisikowska T, Perl M, Hirsch ND, Sichler A, Geyer L, Flisikowski K, Wilhelm D, Schober SJ, Johannes L, Schnieke A, Janssen KP. Tumor targeting with bacterial Shiga toxin B-subunit in genetic porcine models for colorectal cancer and osteosarcoma. Mol Cancer Ther 2022; 21:686-699. [PMID: 35086950 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-21-0445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
The B-subunit of bacterial Shiga toxin (STxB) is non-toxic and has low immunogenicity. Its receptor, the glycosphingolipid Gb3/CD77, is overexpressed on the cell surface of human colorectal cancer (CRC). We tested whether genetic porcine models, closely resembling human anatomy and pathophysiology, can be used to exploit the tumor targeting potential of STxB. In accordance with findings on human CRC, the pig model APC1311 bound STxB in colorectal tumors, but not in normal colon or jejunum, except for putative enteroendocrine cells. In primary tumor cells from endoscopic biopsies, STxB was rapidly taken up along the retrograde intracellular route to the Golgi, whereas normal colon organoids did not bind or internalize STxB. Next, we tested a porcine model (TP53LSL-R167H) for osteosarcoma, a tumor entity with a dismal prognosis and insufficient treatment options, hitherto not known to express Gb3. Pig osteosarcoma strongly bound StxB and expressed the Gb3-synthase A4GALT. Primary osteosarcoma cells, but not normal osteoblasts, rapidly internalized fluorescently labelled STxB along the retrograde route to the Golgi. Importantly, six out of eight human osteosarcoma cell lines expressed A4GALT mRNA and showed prominent intracellular uptake of STxB. The physiological role of A4GALT was tested by Crispr/Cas9-mutagenesis in porcine LLC-PK1 kidney epithelial cells and RNA interference in MG-63 human osteosarcoma cells. A4GALT-deficiency or knock-down abolished STxB uptake and led to significantly reduced cell migration and proliferation, hinting towards a putative tumor-promoting role of Gb3. Thus, pig models are suitable tools for STxB-based tumor targeting, and may allow "reverse-translational" predictions on human tumor biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Ehrenfeld
- Departments of Surgery and Urology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University München
| | - Anna Schrade
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University München
| | - Tatiana Flisikowska
- Chair of Livestock Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich
| | - Markus Perl
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg
| | - Noah-David Hirsch
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich
| | - Anna Sichler
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich
| | - Laura Geyer
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University München
| | - Krzysztof Flisikowski
- Chair of Livestock Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich
| | - Dirk Wilhelm
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich
| | - Sebastian Johannes Schober
- Department of Pediatrics and Children's Cancer Research Center, Kinderklinik München Schwabing, Technical University of Munich
| | - Ludger Johannes
- Endocytic Trafficking and Intracellular Delivery team, Institute Curie
| | | | - Klaus-Peter Janssen
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University München
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7
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Camacho M, Carvalho M, Munhoz R, Etchebehere M, Etchebehere E. FDG PET/CT in bone sarcomas. Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-822960-6.00062-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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8
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Makielski KM, Donnelly AJ, Khammanivong A, Scott MC, Ortiz AR, Galvan DC, Tomiyasu H, Amaya C, Ward KA, Montoya A, Garbe JR, Mills LJ, Cutter GR, Fenger JM, Kisseberth WC, O'Brien TD, Weigel BJ, Spector LG, Bryan BA, Subramanian S, Modiano JF. Development of an exosomal gene signature to detect residual disease in dogs with osteosarcoma using a novel xenograft platform and machine learning. J Transl Med 2021; 101:1585-1596. [PMID: 34489559 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-021-00655-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma has a guarded prognosis. A major hurdle in developing more effective osteosarcoma therapies is the lack of disease-specific biomarkers to predict risk, prognosis, or therapeutic response. Exosomes are secreted extracellular microvesicles emerging as powerful diagnostic tools. However, their clinical application is precluded by challenges in identifying disease-associated cargo from the vastly larger background of normal exosome cargo. We developed a method using canine osteosarcoma in mouse xenografts to distinguish tumor-derived from host-response exosomal messenger RNAs (mRNAs). The model allows for the identification of canine osteosarcoma-specific gene signatures by RNA sequencing and a species-differentiating bioinformatics pipeline. An osteosarcoma-associated signature consisting of five gene transcripts (SKA2, NEU1, PAF1, PSMG2, and NOB1) was validated in dogs with spontaneous osteosarcoma by real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR), while a machine learning model assigned dogs into healthy or disease groups. Serum/plasma exosomes were isolated from 53 dogs in distinct clinical groups ("healthy", "osteosarcoma", "other bone tumor", or "non-neoplastic disease"). Pre-treatment samples from osteosarcoma cases were used as the training set, and a validation set from post-treatment samples was used for testing, classifying as "osteosarcoma detected" or "osteosarcoma-NOT detected". Dogs in a validation set whose post-treatment samples were classified as "osteosarcoma-NOT detected" had longer remissions, up to 15 months after treatment. In conclusion, we identified a gene signature predictive of molecular remissions with potential applications in the early detection and minimal residual disease settings. These results provide proof of concept for our discovery platform and its utilization in future studies to inform cancer risk, diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly M Makielski
- Animal Cancer Care and Research Program, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA.
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA.
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
| | - Alicia J Donnelly
- Animal Cancer Care and Research Program, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Ali Khammanivong
- Animal Cancer Care and Research Program, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Milcah C Scott
- Animal Cancer Care and Research Program, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- University of Minnesota, Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology Graduate Program, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Andrea R Ortiz
- Texas Tech Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Dana C Galvan
- Texas Tech Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Hirotaka Tomiyasu
- Animal Cancer Care and Research Program, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Kristin A Ward
- Texas Tech Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Alexa Montoya
- Texas Tech Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Texas, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - John R Garbe
- Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- University of Minnesota Genomics Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Lauren J Mills
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Gary R Cutter
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Joelle M Fenger
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Ethos Discovery, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - William C Kisseberth
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Timothy D O'Brien
- Animal Cancer Care and Research Program, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Brenda J Weigel
- Animal Cancer Care and Research Program, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Logan G Spector
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Brad A Bryan
- Texas Tech Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Subbaya Subramanian
- Animal Cancer Care and Research Program, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Jaime F Modiano
- Animal Cancer Care and Research Program, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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9
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Torres HM, VanCleave AM, Vollmer M, Callahan DL, Smithback A, Conn JM, Rodezno-Antunes T, Gao Z, Cao Y, Afeworki Y, Tao J. Selective Targeting of Class I Histone Deacetylases in a Model of Human Osteosarcoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4199. [PMID: 34439353 PMCID: PMC8394112 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13164199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of histone deacetylases (HDACs) is associated with the pathogenesis of human osteosarcoma, which may present an epigenetic vulnerability as well as a therapeutic target. Domatinostat (4SC-202) is a next-generation class I HDAC inhibitor that is currently being used in clinical research for certain cancers, but its impact on human osteosarcoma has yet to be explored. In this study, we report that 4SC-202 inhibits osteosarcoma cell growth in vitro and in vivo. By analyzing cell function in vitro, we show that the anti-tumor effect of 4SC-202 involves the combined induction of cell-cycle arrest at the G2/M phase and apoptotic program, as well as a reduction in cell invasion and migration capabilities. We also found that 4SC-202 has little capacity to promote osteogenic differentiation. Remarkably, 4SC-202 revised the global transcriptome and induced distinct signatures of gene expression in vitro. Moreover, 4SC-202 decreased tumor growth of established human tumor xenografts in immunodeficient mice in vivo. We further reveal key targets regulated by 4SC-202 that contribute to tumor cell growth and survival, and canonical signaling pathways associated with progression and metastasis of osteosarcoma. Our study suggests that 4SC-202 may be exploited as a valuable drug to promote more effective treatment of patients with osteosarcoma and provide molecular insights into the mechanism of action of class I HDAC inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haydee M. Torres
- Cancer Biology & Immunotherapies Group at Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA; (H.M.T.); (A.M.V.); (T.R.-A.); (Y.C.)
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA
| | - Ashley M. VanCleave
- Cancer Biology & Immunotherapies Group at Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA; (H.M.T.); (A.M.V.); (T.R.-A.); (Y.C.)
| | - Mykayla Vollmer
- Medical Student Research Program, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD 57069, USA;
| | - Dakota L. Callahan
- Sanford Program for Undergraduate Research, University of Sioux Falls, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA;
| | - Austyn Smithback
- Sanford PROMISE Scholar Program, Harrisburg High School, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA;
| | - Josephine M. Conn
- Sanford Program for Undergraduate Research, Carleton College, Northfield, MN 55057, USA;
| | - Tania Rodezno-Antunes
- Cancer Biology & Immunotherapies Group at Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA; (H.M.T.); (A.M.V.); (T.R.-A.); (Y.C.)
| | - Zili Gao
- Flow Cytometry Core at Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA;
| | - Yuxia Cao
- Cancer Biology & Immunotherapies Group at Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA; (H.M.T.); (A.M.V.); (T.R.-A.); (Y.C.)
| | - Yohannes Afeworki
- Functional Genomics & Bioinformatics Core Facility at Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA;
| | - Jianning Tao
- Cancer Biology & Immunotherapies Group at Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA; (H.M.T.); (A.M.V.); (T.R.-A.); (Y.C.)
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD 57069, USA
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10
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Ramaiah MJ, Tangutur AD, Manyam RR. Epigenetic modulation and understanding of HDAC inhibitors in cancer therapy. Life Sci 2021; 277:119504. [PMID: 33872660 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The role of genetic and epigenetic factors in tumor initiation and progression is well documented. Histone deacetylases (HDACs), histone methyl transferases (HMTs), and DNA methyl transferases. (DNMTs) are the main proteins that are involved in regulating the chromatin conformation. Among these, histone deacetylases (HDAC) deacetylate the histone and induce gene repression thereby leading to cancer. In contrast, histone acetyl transferases (HATs) that include GCN5, p300/CBP, PCAF, Tip 60 acetylate the histones. HDAC inhibitors are potent drug molecules that can induce acetylation of histones at lysine residues and induce open chromatin conformation at tumor suppressor gene loci and thus resulting in tumor suppression. The key processes regulated by HDAC inhibitors include cell-cycle arrest, chemo-sensitization, apoptosis induction, upregulation of tumor suppressors. Even though FDA approved drugs are confined mainly to haematological malignancies, the research on HDAC inhibitors in glioblastoma multiforme and triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) are providing positive results. Thus, several combinations of HDAC inhibitors along with DNA methyl transferase inhibitors and histone methyl transferase inhibitors are in clinical trials. This review focuses on how HDAC inhibitors regulate the expression of coding and non-coding genes with specific emphasis on their anti-cancer potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Janaki Ramaiah
- Laboratory of Functional genomics and Disease Biology, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur 613401, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Anjana Devi Tangutur
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad 500 007, Telangana, India
| | - Rajasekhar Reddy Manyam
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Vaddeswaram, Andhra Pradesh, India
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11
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Sadoughi F, Maleki Dana P, Asemi Z, Yousefi B. DNA damage response and repair in osteosarcoma: Defects, regulation and therapeutic implications. DNA Repair (Amst) 2021; 102:103105. [PMID: 33836418 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2021.103105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary bone malignancy in children and adolescents which has the survival rate of 20% in its advanced stages. Osteosarcomas are mostly resistance to our common treatments. DNA damage response (DDR) is a specialized multistep process containing abundant proteins which are necessary for the survival of any cell and organism. DDR machinery detects a diversity of DNA lesions and inhibits the cell cycle progression if these lesions are not repairable. DDR is involved in aging, age-related diseases, and cancer. In recent years, DDR inhibitors have gained the attention of researches due to their potentials in offering novel therapeutic targets and improving the response of many cancers to either chemo- or radio-therapy. In this regard, we tried to gather a great body of evidence about the role of DDR ingredients in osteosarcoma's initiation/progression, prognosis, and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Sadoughi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
| | - Parisa Maleki Dana
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
| | - Zatollah Asemi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
| | - Bahman Yousefi
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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12
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Diessner BJ, Weigel BJ, Murugan P, Zhang L, Poynter JN, Spector LG. Associations of Socioeconomic Status, Public vs Private Insurance, and Race/Ethnicity With Metastatic Sarcoma at Diagnosis. JAMA Netw Open 2020; 3:e2011087. [PMID: 32766799 PMCID: PMC7414392 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.11087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Approximately 10% to 30% of patients with sarcoma present with detectable metastases at diagnosis. However, the extent to which presentation with metastases is due to delayed diagnosis vs other factors remains unclear. OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether socioeconomic status, insurance status, or race/ethnicity were associated with the presence of metastases at diagnosis of sarcoma. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This cross-sectional study used data from the population-based Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program. Adult and pediatric patients with an initial diagnosis of soft-tissue and bone sarcoma between 2001 and 2015 were stratified by age group (pediatric, <20 years; adult, 20-65 years; older adult, >65 years) and sarcoma subtype. Statistical analyses were performed between August 2019 and January 2020. EXPOSURES Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Census tract-level socioeconomic status index, insurance status, and race/ethnicity. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The odds of presenting with metastases at diagnosis were calculated. RESULTS A total of 47 337 patients with first primary malignant sarcoma were included (24 343 male patients [51.4%]), with 29 975 non-Hispanic White patients (63.3%), 5673 non-Hispanic Black patients (12.0%), 7504 Hispanic patients (15.8%), and 4185 American Indian-Alaskan Native and Asian Pacific Islander patients (8.8%). Liposarcoma in adults was the only subtype and age group combination that demonstrated a significant trend in incidence across socioeconomic status levels (odds ratio, 0.85; 99% CI, 0.76-0.96; P = .001). However, compared with having non-Medicaid insurance, having Medicaid or no insurance in adults was associated with an increased odds of metastases at diagnosis for 6 of the 8 sarcoma subtypes evaluated; osteosarcoma and Ewing sarcoma were the only 2 subtypes in adults for which metastases were not associated with insurance status. In addition, there was an increased risk of presenting with metastases among non-Hispanic Black adults diagnosed with leiomyosarcoma (odds ratio, 1.87; 99% CI, 1.41-2.48) and unclassified sarcomas (odds ratio, 1.65; 99% CI, 1.01-2.67) compared with non-Hispanic White adults that was independent of socioeconomic and insurance status. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE These findings suggest that delayed access to care is associated with advanced stage at diagnosis for several soft-tissue sarcoma subtypes in adults, whereas other factors may be associated with the metastatic progression of osteosarcoma and Ewing sarcoma, as well as the racial disparities observed with metastatic leiomyosarcoma and unclassified sarcomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon J. Diessner
- Division of Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
| | - Brenda J. Weigel
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
| | - Paari Murugan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
| | - Lin Zhang
- Division of Biostatistics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
| | - Jenny N. Poynter
- Division of Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
| | - Logan G. Spector
- Division of Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
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13
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Zluhan-Martínez E, Pérez-Koldenkova V, Ponce-Castañeda MV, Sánchez MDLP, García-Ponce B, Miguel-Hernández S, Álvarez-Buylla ER, Garay-Arroyo A. Beyond What Your Retina Can See: Similarities of Retinoblastoma Function between Plants and Animals, from Developmental Processes to Epigenetic Regulation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4925. [PMID: 32664691 PMCID: PMC7404004 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21144925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The Retinoblastoma protein (pRb) is a key cell cycle regulator conserved in a wide variety of organisms. Experimental analysis of pRb's functions in animals and plants has revealed that this protein participates in cell proliferation and differentiation processes. In addition, pRb in animals and its orthologs in plants (RBR), are part of highly conserved protein complexes which suggest the possibility that analogies exist not only between functions carried out by pRb orthologs themselves, but also in the structure and roles of the protein networks where these proteins are involved. Here, we present examples of pRb/RBR participation in cell cycle control, cell differentiation, and in the regulation of epigenetic changes and chromatin remodeling machinery, highlighting the similarities that exist between the composition of such networks in plants and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estephania Zluhan-Martínez
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, Epigenética, Desarrollo y Evolución de Plantas, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, 3er Circuito Ext. Junto a J. Botánico, Ciudad Universitaria, UNAM 04510, Mexico; (E.Z.-M.); (M.d.l.P.S.); (B.G.-P.)
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, Coyoacán 04510, Mexico
| | - Vadim Pérez-Koldenkova
- Laboratorio Nacional de Microscopía Avanzada, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Av. Cuauhtémoc, 330. Col. Doctores, Alc. Cuauhtémoc 06720, Mexico;
| | - Martha Verónica Ponce-Castañeda
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Centro Médico Nacional SXXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City 06720, Mexico;
| | - María de la Paz Sánchez
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, Epigenética, Desarrollo y Evolución de Plantas, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, 3er Circuito Ext. Junto a J. Botánico, Ciudad Universitaria, UNAM 04510, Mexico; (E.Z.-M.); (M.d.l.P.S.); (B.G.-P.)
| | - Berenice García-Ponce
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, Epigenética, Desarrollo y Evolución de Plantas, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, 3er Circuito Ext. Junto a J. Botánico, Ciudad Universitaria, UNAM 04510, Mexico; (E.Z.-M.); (M.d.l.P.S.); (B.G.-P.)
| | - Sergio Miguel-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Citopatología Ambiental, Departamento de Morfología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Campus Zacatenco, Calle Wilfrido Massieu Esquina Cda, Manuel Stampa 07738, Mexico;
| | - Elena R. Álvarez-Buylla
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, Epigenética, Desarrollo y Evolución de Plantas, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, 3er Circuito Ext. Junto a J. Botánico, Ciudad Universitaria, UNAM 04510, Mexico; (E.Z.-M.); (M.d.l.P.S.); (B.G.-P.)
| | - Adriana Garay-Arroyo
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, Epigenética, Desarrollo y Evolución de Plantas, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, 3er Circuito Ext. Junto a J. Botánico, Ciudad Universitaria, UNAM 04510, Mexico; (E.Z.-M.); (M.d.l.P.S.); (B.G.-P.)
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14
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Duckett MM, Phung SK, Nguyen L, Khammanivong A, Dickerson E, Dusenbery K, Lawrence J. The adrenergic receptor antagonists propranolol and carvedilol decrease bone sarcoma cell viability and sustained carvedilol reduces clonogenic survival and increases radiosensitivity in canine osteosarcoma cells. Vet Comp Oncol 2019; 18:128-140. [PMID: 31778284 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 09/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Adrenergic receptor (AR) expression has been demonstrated at several sites of primary and metastatic tumour growth and may influence proliferation, survival, metastasis and angiogenesis. AR antagonists like propranolol and carvedilol inhibit proliferation, induce apoptosis and synergize with chemotherapy agents in some cancers. Radiation resistance is mediated in many cells by upregulation of pro-survival pathways, which may be influenced by ARs. Studies evaluating AR antagonists combined with radiation are limited. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of propranolol and carvedilol on viability and radiosensitivity in sarcoma cell lines. The hypothesis was that propranolol and carvedilol would increase radiosensitivity in four primary bone sarcoma cell lines. Single agent propranolol or carvedilol inhibited cell viability in all cell lines in a concentration-dependent manner. The mean inhibitory concentrations (IC50 ) for carvedilol were approximately 4-fold lower than propranolol and may be clinically relevant in vivo. Immunoblot analysis confirmed AR expression in both human and canine sarcoma cell lines; however, there was no correlation between baseline AR protein expression and radiosensitivity. Short duration treatment with carvedilol and propranolol did not significantly affect clonogenic survival. Prolonged exposure to propranolol and carvedilol significantly decreased the surviving fraction of canine osteosarcoma cells after 3Gy radiation. Based on our results and possible in vivo activity in dogs, further studies investigating the effects of carvedilol on sarcoma are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan M Duckett
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minnesota
| | - Shee Kwan Phung
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minnesota
| | - Linh Nguyen
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minnesota
| | - Ali Khammanivong
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minnesota.,Masonic Cancer Center, Masonic Cancer Research Building, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Erin Dickerson
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minnesota.,Masonic Cancer Center, Masonic Cancer Research Building, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Kathryn Dusenbery
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Jessica Lawrence
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minnesota.,Masonic Cancer Center, Masonic Cancer Research Building, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
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15
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Rogers BJ, Lawrence J, Ehler E, Ferreira C. Impact of various irradiation conditions on delivered dose and cell viability for
in vitro
cell irradiation. Biomed Phys Eng Express 2019. [DOI: 10.1088/2057-1976/ab5037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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16
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Diessner BJ, Marko TA, Scott RM, Eckert AL, Stuebner KM, Hohenhaus AE, Selting KA, Largaespada DA, Modiano JF, Spector LG. A comparison of risk factors for metastasis at diagnosis in humans and dogs with osteosarcoma. Cancer Med 2019; 8:3216-3226. [PMID: 31006987 PMCID: PMC6558582 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Canine osteosarcoma (OS) is a relevant spontaneous model for human OS. Identifying similarities in clinical characteristics associated with metastasis at diagnosis in both species may substantiate research aimed at using canine OS as a model for identifying mechanisms driving distant spread in the human disease. Methods This retrospective study included dog OS cases from three academic veterinary hospitals and human OS cases from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program. Associations between clinical factors and metastasis at diagnosis were estimated using logistic regression models. Results In humans, those with trunk tumors had higher odds of metastasis at diagnosis compared to those with lower limb tumors (OR = 2.38, 95% CI: 1.51, 3.69). A similar observation was seen in dogs with trunk tumors compared to dogs with forelimb tumors (OR = 3.28, 95% CI 1.36, 7.50). Other associations were observed in humans but not in dogs. Humans aged 20‐29 years had lower odds of metastasis at diagnosis compared to those aged 10‐14 years (OR = 0.67, 95% CI: 0.47, 0.96); every 1‐cm increase in tumor size was associated with a 6% increase in the odds of metastasis at diagnosis (95% CI: 1.04, 1.08); compared to those with a white, non‐Hispanic race, higher odds were observed among those with a black, non‐Hispanic race (OR: 1.51, 95% CI: 1.04, 2.16), and those with a Hispanic origin (OR 1.35, 95% CI: 1.00, 1.81). Conclusion A common mechanism may be driving trunk tumors to progress to detectable metastasis prior to diagnosis in both species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon J Diessner
- Division of Pediatric Epidemiology and Clinical Research, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.,Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Tracy A Marko
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Ruth M Scott
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minnesota.,Animal Cancer Care and Research Program, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minnesota
| | - Andrea L Eckert
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minnesota.,Animal Cancer Care and Research Program, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minnesota
| | - Kathleen M Stuebner
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minnesota.,Animal Cancer Care and Research Program, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minnesota
| | | | - Kim A Selting
- Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - David A Largaespada
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.,Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.,Animal Cancer Care and Research Program, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minnesota
| | - Jaime F Modiano
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.,Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minnesota.,Animal Cancer Care and Research Program, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minnesota.,Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.,Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.,Institute for Engineering in Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Logan G Spector
- Division of Pediatric Epidemiology and Clinical Research, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.,Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.,Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.,Animal Cancer Care and Research Program, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minnesota
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17
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El-Naggar AM, Clarkson PW, Negri GL, Turgu B, Zhang F, Anglesio MS, Sorensen PH. HACE1 is a potential tumor suppressor in osteosarcoma. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:21. [PMID: 30622235 PMCID: PMC6325116 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-1276-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is a malignant bone sarcoma characterized by extensive genomic disruption and a propensity for metastatic spread. Osteoid production suggests a close relationship with normal osteoblasts, and the latter are the presumptive cell of origin of this disease. The HACE1 gene, localized to human chromosome 6q21, encodes the HACE1 HECT E3 ligase, a tumor suppressor in diverse tumors that acts in part by targeting the activated form of RAC1 GTPase for proteasomal degradation. Disruption or loss of 6q21 is relatively common in osteosarcomas, and Hace1-/-/Tp53+/- mice frequently develop osteosarcomas, in contrast to Tp53+/- mice, which do not. This suggests an unexplored link between HACE1 loss and osteosarcoma. Here we compared HACE1 expression in normal osteoblasts and osteosarcoma cell lines in vitro by western blotting and quantitative RT-PCR, and in human osteosarcoma specimens by immunohistochemistry. Both HACE1 transcript and protein levels were reduced in osteosarcoma compared to osteoblasts in vitro. Reduced HACE1 expression in osteosarcoma tumors was observed in 76% of cases and associated with high-grade lesions. Further, clonally derived pairs of high and low metastatic osteosarcoma cell lines showed significant downregulation in the high compared to corresponding low metastatic cells. Ectopic expression of HACE1 markedly inhibited anchorage-independent growth and cell motility of HACE1 osteosarcoma cell lines, and was associated with reduced RAC1 activation and decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS). Finally, HACE1 overexpression blocked osteosarcoma xenograft growth and dramatically reduced pulmonary metastases. These findings point to a potential tumor suppressor function for HACE1 in osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal M El-Naggar
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Molecular Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Menoufia Governorate, Egypt
| | - Paul W Clarkson
- Department of Orthopedics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Gian Luca Negri
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Molecular Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Busra Turgu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Molecular Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Fan Zhang
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Michael S Anglesio
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Poul H Sorensen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada. .,Department of Molecular Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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18
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Scott MC, Temiz NA, Sarver AE, LaRue RS, Rathe SK, Varshney J, Wolf NK, Moriarity BS, O'Brien TD, Spector LG, Largaespada DA, Modiano JF, Subramanian S, Sarver AL. Comparative Transcriptome Analysis Quantifies Immune Cell Transcript Levels, Metastatic Progression, and Survival in Osteosarcoma. Cancer Res 2017; 78:326-337. [PMID: 29066513 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-0576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Overall survival of patients with osteosarcoma (OS) has improved little in the past three decades, and better models for study are needed. OS is common in large dog breeds and is genetically inducible in mice, making the disease ideal for comparative genomic analyses across species. Understanding the level of conservation of intertumor transcriptional variation across species and how it is associated with progression to metastasis will enable us to more efficiently develop effective strategies to manage OS and to improve therapy. In this study, transcriptional profiles of OS tumors and cell lines derived from humans (n = 49), mice (n = 103), and dogs (n = 34) were generated using RNA sequencing. Conserved intertumor transcriptional variation was present in tumor sets from all three species and comprised gene clusters associated with cell cycle and mitosis and with the presence or absence of immune cells. Further, we developed a novel gene cluster expression summary score (GCESS) to quantify intertumor transcriptional variation and demonstrated that these GCESS values associated with patient outcome. Human OS tumors with GCESS values suggesting decreased immune cell presence were associated with metastasis and poor survival. We validated these results in an independent human OS tumor cohort and in 15 different tumor data sets obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas. Our results suggest that quantification of immune cell absence and tumor cell proliferation may better inform therapeutic decisions and improve overall survival for OS patients.Significance: This study offers new tools to quantify tumor heterogeneity in osteosarcoma, identifying potentially useful prognostic biomarkers for metastatic progression and survival in patients. Cancer Res; 78(2); 326-37. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milcah C Scott
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Animal Cancer Care and Research Program, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Minnesota College of Veterinary Medicine, St. Paul, Minnesota
| | - Nuri A Temiz
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Institute for Health Informatics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Anne E Sarver
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Rebecca S LaRue
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Susan K Rathe
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Jyotika Varshney
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Natalie K Wolf
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Branden S Moriarity
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Brain Tumor Program, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota College of Veterinary Medicine, St. Paul, Minnesota
| | - Timothy D O'Brien
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Animal Cancer Care and Research Program, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota College of Veterinary Medicine, St. Paul, Minnesota
- Stem Cell Institute University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Logan G Spector
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - David A Largaespada
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Brain Tumor Program, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Jaime F Modiano
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Animal Cancer Care and Research Program, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Minnesota College of Veterinary Medicine, St. Paul, Minnesota
- Stem Cell Institute University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Subbaya Subramanian
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Aaron L Sarver
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
- Institute for Health Informatics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
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19
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Chan OTM, Furuya H, Pagano I, Shimizu Y, Hokutan K, Dyrskjøt L, Jensen JB, Malmstrom PU, Segersten U, Janku F, Rosser CJ. Association of MMP-2, RB and PAI-1 with decreased recurrence-free survival and overall survival in bladder cancer patients. Oncotarget 2017; 8:99707-99721. [PMID: 29245935 PMCID: PMC5725126 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background We previously reported an accurate urine-based bladder cancer (BCa)-associated diagnostic signature that can be used to non-invasively detect BCa. In this study, we investigated whether a component of this signature could risk stratify patients with BCa. Methods Utilizing immunohistochemistry, we investigated angiogenin, MMP-2, p53, RB and PAI-1 expression from 939 patients with BCa. The expression levels were scored by assigning a proportion score and an intensity score to yield a total staining score for each protein. The expressions of each protein individually and as an aggregate were then correlated with progression-free survival (PFS), cancer-specific survival (CSS) and overall survival (OS). Results Differential expressions of these markers were noted in BCa. With multivariate analysis in non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) age, tumor grade portended a worse PFS, while age, tumor grade, nodal status, MMP2, RB and PAI-1 expression portended a worse OS. As for multivariate analysis in muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC), age MMP-2 and RB were associated with a worse PFS, while age, nodal status, MMP-2, RB and PAI-1 were associated with a worse OS. Using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, we noted a significant reduction in OS as more of the five biomarkers were expressed in a tumor. Thus, overall, high expressions of MMP-2, RB and/or PAI-1 in bladder tumors were markers of poor prognosis. Conclusion Individually, MMP-2, RB and PAI-1, as well as in aggregate correlated with poor survival in patients with BCa. Thus, patients whose bladder tumors express these biomarkers may benefit from early radical treatment and/or neoadjuvant or adjuvant therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Owen T M Chan
- Clinical and Translational Research Program University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Hideki Furuya
- Clinical and Translational Research Program University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Ian Pagano
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program Research Program University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Yoshiko Shimizu
- Clinical and Translational Research Program University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA.,Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Kanani Hokutan
- Clinical and Translational Research Program University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA.,Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Lars Dyrskjøt
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Per-Uno Malmstrom
- Departments of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ulrika Segersten
- Departments of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Filip Janku
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Charles J Rosser
- Clinical and Translational Research Program University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
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20
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Murphy BG, Mok MY, York D, Rebhun R, Woolard KD, Hillman C, Dickinson P, Skorupski K. Evaluation of P16 expression in canine appendicular osteosarcoma. BMC Vet Res 2017. [PMID: 28633676 PMCID: PMC5477683 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-017-1113-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteosarcoma (OSA) is a common malignant bone tumor of large breed dogs that occurs at predictable anatomic sites. At the time of initial diagnosis, most affected dogs have occult pulmonary metastases. Even with aggressive surgical treatment combined with chemotherapy, the majority of dogs diagnosed with OSA live less than 1 year from the time of diagnosis. The ability to identify canine OSA cases most responsive to treatment is needed. In humans, OSA is also an aggressive tumor that is histologically and molecularly similar to canine OSA. The expression of the tumor suppressor gene product P16 by human OSA tissue has been linked to a favorable response to chemotherapy. RESULTS We identified an antibody that binds canine P16 and developed a canine OSA tissue microarray in order to test the hypothesis that P16 expression by canine OSA tissue is predictive of clinical outcome following amputation and chemotherapy. Although statistical significance was not reached, a trend was identified between the lack of canine OSA P16 expression and a shorter disease free interval. CONCLUSIONS The identification of a molecular marker for canine OSA is an important goal and the results reported here justify a larger study.
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Affiliation(s)
- B G Murphy
- Department Pathology, University of California, Davis, School of Veterinary Medicine, Microbiology and Immunology, Davis, CA, 95618, USA.
| | - M Y Mok
- Department Pathology, University of California, Davis, School of Veterinary Medicine, Microbiology and Immunology, Davis, CA, 95618, USA
| | - D York
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, Davis, CA, 95618, USA
| | - R Rebhun
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, Davis, CA, 95618, USA
| | - K D Woolard
- Department Pathology, University of California, Davis, School of Veterinary Medicine, Microbiology and Immunology, Davis, CA, 95618, USA
| | - C Hillman
- Department Pathology, University of California, Davis, School of Veterinary Medicine, Microbiology and Immunology, Davis, CA, 95618, USA
| | - P Dickinson
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, Davis, CA, 95618, USA
| | - K Skorupski
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, Davis, CA, 95618, USA
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21
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Wang Q. CpG methylation patterns are associated with gene expression variation in osteosarcoma. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:901-907. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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22
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Borgatti A, Koopmeiners JS, Sarver AL, Winter AL, Stuebner K, Todhunter D, Rizzardi AE, Henriksen JC, Schmechel S, Forster CL, Kim JH, Froelich J, Walz J, Henson MS, Breen M, Lindblad-Toh K, Oh F, Pilbeam K, Modiano JF, Vallera DA. Safe and Effective Sarcoma Therapy through Bispecific Targeting of EGFR and uPAR. Mol Cancer Ther 2017; 16:956-965. [PMID: 28193671 PMCID: PMC5418099 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-16-0637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Sarcomas differ from carcinomas in their mesenchymal origin. Therapeutic advancements have come slowly, so alternative drugs and models are urgently needed. These studies report a new drug for sarcomas that simultaneously targets both tumor and tumor neovasculature. eBAT is a bispecific angiotoxin consisting of truncated, deimmunized Pseudomonas exotoxin fused to EGF and the amino terminal fragment of urokinase. Here, we study the drug in an in vivo "ontarget" companion dog trial as eBAT effectively kills canine hemangiosarcoma and human sarcoma cells in vitro We reasoned the model has value due to the common occurrence of spontaneous sarcomas in dogs and a limited lifespan allowing for rapid accrual and data collection. Splenectomized dogs with minimal residual disease were given one cycle of eBAT followed by adjuvant doxorubicin in an adaptive dose-finding, phase I-II study of 23 dogs with spontaneous, stage I-II, splenic hemangiosarcoma. eBAT improved 6-month survival from <40% in a comparison population to approximately 70% in dogs treated at a biologically active dose (50 μg/kg). Six dogs were long-term survivors, living >450 days. eBAT abated expected toxicity associated with EGFR targeting, a finding supported by mouse studies. Urokinase plasminogen activator receptor and EGFR are targets for human sarcomas, so thorough evaluation is crucial for validation of the dog model. Thus, we validated these markers for human sarcoma targeting in the study of 212 human and 97 canine sarcoma samples. Our results support further translation of eBAT for human patients with sarcomas and perhaps other EGFR-expressing malignancies. Mol Cancer Ther; 16(5); 956-65. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Borgatti
- Animal Cancer Care and Research (ACCR) Program, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota.
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Joseph S Koopmeiners
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Aaron L Sarver
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Amber L Winter
- Clinical Investigation Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, St. Paul, Minnesota
| | - Kathleen Stuebner
- Clinical Investigation Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, St. Paul, Minnesota
| | - Deborah Todhunter
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Anthony E Rizzardi
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
| | - Jonathan C Henriksen
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
| | - Stephen Schmechel
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
| | - Colleen L Forster
- BioNet Histology Research Laboratory, Academic Health Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Jong-Hyuk Kim
- Animal Cancer Care and Research (ACCR) Program, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Jerry Froelich
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Jillian Walz
- Animal Cancer Care and Research (ACCR) Program, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota
| | - Michael S Henson
- Animal Cancer Care and Research (ACCR) Program, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Matthew Breen
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, and Center for Comparative Medicine and Translational Research, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
- Cancer Genetics Program, University of North Carolina Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Kerstin Lindblad-Toh
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Felix Oh
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Kristy Pilbeam
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Jaime F Modiano
- Animal Cancer Care and Research (ACCR) Program, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Daniel A Vallera
- Animal Cancer Care and Research (ACCR) Program, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
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23
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Sun W, Wang W, Lei J, Li H, Wu Y. Actin-like protein 6A is a novel prognostic indicator promoting invasion and metastasis in osteosarcoma. Oncol Rep 2017; 37:2405-2417. [PMID: 28260090 DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma harbors highly metastatic properties, accounting for postoperative recurrence and metastasis. Actin-like protein 6A (ACTL6A) regulates cell proliferation, migration and differentiation. However, the biologic role of ACTL6A in osteosarcoma remains unknown. In this study, the results showed that, by analysis of frozen fresh primary tumor tissues, matched non-cancerous bone tissues (NCBTs) and biopsy lung metastatic nodule tissues from 30 osteosarcoma patients after radical surgical resection, ACTL6A was overexpressed in osteosarcoma tissues compared with matched NCBTs, and its expression level was associated with osteosarcoma metastasis. Immunohistochemical analyses of osteosarcoma tissue samples from two independent cohorts of formaldehyde-fixed, paraffin-embedded osteosarcoma tissue samples from total of 186 osteosarcoma patients showed that high ACTL6A expression correlated with malignant clinicopathological features such as larger tumor size, high Ennecking grade, high histologic grade, and advanced tumor node metastasis stage. High ACTL6A expression was associated with poor prognosis for patients with osteosarcoma, and an independent and significant risk factor for disease-free survival and overall survival after radical tumor resection. Both in vitro and in vivo assays showed that ACTL6A overexpression promoted osteosarcoma cell invasion and metastasis, whereas knockdown of ACTL6A expression reduced osteosarcoma cell malignant behavior such as invasion and metastasis. Furthermore, we proved that ACTL6A promoted osteosarcoma cells of metastasis through facilitating epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). In conclusion, data from the present study demonstrated that ACTL6A was associated with poor survival and promoted osteosarcoma cell metastasis through EMT, suggesting that ACTL6A may be a novel prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Sun
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Wanchun Wang
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Jian Lei
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Yi Wu
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
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24
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Murahari S, Jalkanen AL, Kulp SK, Chen CS, Modiano JF, London CA, Kisseberth WC. Sensitivity of osteosarcoma cells to HDAC inhibitor AR-42 mediated apoptosis. BMC Cancer 2017; 17:67. [PMID: 28109246 PMCID: PMC5251323 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3046-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary bone tumor in both humans and dogs and is the second leading cause of cancer related deaths in children and young adults. Limb sparing surgery along with chemotherapy has been the mainstay of treatment for OS. Many patients are not cured with current therapies, presenting a real need for developing new treatments. Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors are a promising new class of anticancer agents. In this study, we investigated the activity of the novel HDAC inhibitor AR-42 in a panel of human and canine OS cell lines. Methods The effect of AR-42 and suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) alone or in combination with doxorubicin on OS cell viability was assessed. Induction of histone acetylation after HDAC inhibitor treatment was confirmed by Western blotting. Drug-induced apoptosis was analyzed by FACS. Apoptosis was assessed further by measuring caspase 3/7 enzymatic activity, nucleosome fragmentation, and caspase cleavage. Effects on Akt signaling were demonstrated by assessing phosphorylation of Akt and downstream signaling molecules. Results AR-42 was a potent inhibitor of cell viability and induced a greater apoptotic response compared to SAHA when used at the same concentrations. Normal osteoblasts were much less sensitive. The combination of AR-42 with doxorubicin resulted in a potent inhibition of cell viability and apparent synergistic effect. Furthermore, we showed that AR-42 and SAHA induced cell death via the activation of the intrinsic mitochondrial pathway through activation of caspase 3/7. This potent apoptotic activity was associated with the greater ability of AR-42 to downregulate survival signaling through Akt. Conclusions These results confirm that AR-42 is a potent inhibitor of HDAC activity and demonstrates its ability to significantly inhibit cell survival through its pleiotropic effects in both canine and human OS cells and suggests that spontaneous OS in pet dogs may be a useful large animal model for preclinical evaluation of HDAC inhibitors. HDAC inhibition in combination with standard doxorubicin treatment offers promising potential for chemotherapeutic intervention in both canine and human OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sridhar Murahari
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Aimee L Jalkanen
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.,Current address: Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Samuel K Kulp
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Ching-Shih Chen
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Jaime F Modiano
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA.,Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Cheryl A London
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.,Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - William C Kisseberth
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
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25
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Scott MC, Tomiyasu H, Garbe JR, Cornax I, Amaya C, O'Sullivan MG, Subramanian S, Bryan BA, Modiano JF. Heterotypic mouse models of canine osteosarcoma recapitulate tumor heterogeneity and biological behavior. Dis Model Mech 2016; 9:1435-1444. [PMID: 27874835 PMCID: PMC5200896 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.026849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is a heterogeneous and rare disease with a disproportionate impact because it mainly affects children and adolescents. Lamentably, more than half of patients with OS succumb to metastatic disease. Clarification of the etiology of the disease, development of better strategies to manage progression, and methods to guide personalized treatments are among the unmet health needs for OS patients. Progress in managing the disease has been hindered by the extreme heterogeneity of OS; thus, better models that accurately recapitulate the natural heterogeneity of the disease are needed. For this study, we used cell lines derived from two spontaneous canine OS tumors with distinctly different biological behavior (OS-1 and OS-2) for heterotypic in vivo modeling that recapitulates the heterogeneous biology and behavior of this disease. Both cell lines demonstrated stability of the transcriptome when grown as orthotopic xenografts in athymic nude mice. Consistent with the behavior of the original tumors, OS-2 xenografts grew more rapidly at the primary site and had greater propensity to disseminate to lung and establish microscopic metastasis. Moreover, OS-2 promoted formation of a different tumor-associated stromal environment than OS-1 xenografts. OS-2-derived tumors comprised a larger percentage of the xenograft tumors than OS-1-derived tumors. In addition, a robust pro-inflammatory population dominated the stromal cell infiltrates in OS-2 xenografts, whereas a mesenchymal population with a gene signature reflecting myogenic signaling dominated those in the OS-1 xenografts. Our studies show that canine OS cell lines maintain intrinsic features of the tumors from which they were derived and recapitulate the heterogeneous biology and behavior of bone cancer in mouse models. This system provides a resource to understand essential interactions between tumor cells and the stromal environment that drive the progression and metastatic propensity of OS. Editors' choice: We developed a system that recapitulates the heterogeneous biological behavior of bone cancer in mouse models and describe novel methods to study tumor–stromal interactions in these models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milcah C Scott
- Animal Cancer Care and Research Program, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108, USA.,Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108, USA.,Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Hirotaka Tomiyasu
- Animal Cancer Care and Research Program, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108, USA.,Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108, USA.,Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - John R Garbe
- Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Ingrid Cornax
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.,Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Clarissa Amaya
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Center of Emphasis in Cancer Research at the Paul Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX 79905, USA
| | - M Gerard O'Sullivan
- Animal Cancer Care and Research Program, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108, USA.,Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.,Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Subbaya Subramanian
- Animal Cancer Care and Research Program, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108, USA.,Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.,Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Brad A Bryan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Center of Emphasis in Cancer Research at the Paul Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX 79905, USA
| | - Jaime F Modiano
- Animal Cancer Care and Research Program, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108, USA .,Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108, USA.,Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.,Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.,Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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26
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Varshney J, Scott MC, Largaespada DA, Subramanian S. Understanding the Osteosarcoma Pathobiology: A Comparative Oncology Approach. Vet Sci 2016; 3:vetsci3010003. [PMID: 29056713 PMCID: PMC5644613 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci3010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Revised: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is an aggressive primary bone tumor in humans and is among the most common cancer afflicting dogs. Despite surgical advancements and intensification of chemo- and targeted therapies, the survival outcome for osteosarcoma patients is, as of yet, suboptimal. The presence of metastatic disease at diagnosis or its recurrence after initial therapy is a major factor for the poor outcomes. It is thought that most human and canine patients have at least microscopic metastatic lesions at diagnosis. Osteosarcoma in dogs occurs naturally with greater frequency and shares many biological and clinical similarities with osteosarcoma in humans. From a genetic perspective, osteosarcoma in both humans and dogs is characterized by complex karyotypes with highly variable structural and numerical chromosomal aberrations. Similar molecular abnormalities have been observed in human and canine osteosarcoma. For instance, loss of TP53 and RB regulated pathways are common. While there are several oncogenes that are commonly amplified in both humans and dogs, such as MYC and RAS, no commonly activated proto-oncogene has been identified that could form the basis for targeted therapies. It remains possible that recurrent aberrant gene expression changes due to gene amplification or epigenetic alterations could be uncovered and these could be used for developing new, targeted therapies. However, the remarkably high genomic complexity of osteosarcoma has precluded their definitive identification. Several advantageous murine models of osteosarcoma have been generated. These include spontaneous and genetically engineered mouse models, including a model based on forward genetics and transposon mutagenesis allowing new genes and genetic pathways to be implicated in osteosarcoma development. The proposition of this review is that careful comparative genomic studies between human, canine and mouse models of osteosarcoma may help identify commonly affected and targetable pathways for alternative therapies for osteosarcoma patients. Translational research may be found through a path that begins in mouse models, and then moves through canine patients, and then human patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyotika Varshney
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota Medical School, Moos Tower, 11-212420 Delaware Street, S.E.; MMC 195, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Milcah C Scott
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
- Animal Cancer Care and Research Program, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55455, USA.
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA.
| | - David A Largaespada
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Subbaya Subramanian
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota Medical School, Moos Tower, 11-212420 Delaware Street, S.E.; MMC 195, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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