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Canalis E, Yu J, Singh V, Mocarska M, Schilling L. NOTCH2 sensitizes the chondrocyte to the inflammatory response of tumor necrosis factor α. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105372. [PMID: 37865314 PMCID: PMC10692730 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Notch regulates the immune and inflammatory response and has been associated with the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis in humans and preclinical models of the disease. Notch2tm1.1Ecan mice harbor a NOTCH2 gain-of-function and are sensitized to osteoarthritis, but the mechanisms have not been explored. We examined the effects of tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) in chondrocytes from Notch2tm1.1Ecan mice and found that NOTCH2 enhanced the effect of TNFα on Il6 and Il1b expression. Similar results were obtained in cells from a conditional model of NOTCH2 gain-of-function, Notch22.1Ecan mice, and following the expression of the NOTCH2 intracellular domain in vitro. Recombination signal-binding protein for immunoglobulin Kappa J region partners with the NOTCH2 intracellular domain to activate transcription; in the absence of Notch signaling it inhibits transcription, and Rbpj inactivation in chondrocytes resulted in Il6 induction. Although TNFα induced IL6 to a greater extent in the context of NOTCH2 activation, there was a concomitant inhibition of Notch target genes Hes1, Hey1, Hey2, and Heyl. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay demonstrated displacement of recombination signal-binding protein for immunoglobulin Kappa J region from DNA binding sites by TNFα explaining the increased Il6 expression and the concomitant decrease in Notch target genes. NOTCH2 enhanced the effect of TNFα on NF-κB signaling, and RNA-Seq revealed increased expression of pathways associated with inflammation and the phagosome in NOTCH2 overexpressing cells in the absence and presence of TNFα. Collectively, NOTCH2 has important interactions with TNFα resulting in the enhanced expression of Il6 and inflammatory pathways in chondrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto Canalis
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut, USA; Department of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut, USA; UConn Musculoskeletal Institute, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut, USA.
| | - Jungeun Yu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut, USA; UConn Musculoskeletal Institute, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Vijender Singh
- Computational Biology Core, Institute for System Genomics, UConn, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Magda Mocarska
- UConn Musculoskeletal Institute, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Lauren Schilling
- UConn Musculoskeletal Institute, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
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Canalis E, Mocarska M, Schilling L, Jafar-Nejad P, Carrer M. Antisense oligonucleotides targeting a NOTCH3 mutation in male mice ameliorate the cortical osteopenia of lateral meningocele syndrome. Bone 2023; 177:116898. [PMID: 37704069 PMCID: PMC10591917 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2023.116898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Lateral Meningocele Syndrome (LMS) is a monogenic disorder associated with NOTCH3 pathogenic variants that result in the stabilization of NOTCH3 and a gain-of-function. A mouse model (Notch3em1Ecan) harboring a 6691-TAATGA mutation in the Notch3 locus that results in a functional outcome analogous to LMS exhibits cancellous and cortical bone osteopenia. We tested Notch3 antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) specific to the Notch36691-TAATGA mutation for their effects on Notch3 downregulation and on the osteopenia of Notch3em1Ecan mice. Twenty-four mouse Notch3 mutant ASOs were designed and tested for toxic effects in vivo, and 12 safe ASOs were tested for their impact on the downregulation of Notch36691-TAATGA and Notch3 mRNA in osteoblast cultures from Notch3em1Ecan mice. Three ASOs downregulated Notch3 mutant transcripts specifically and were tested in vivo for their effects on the bone microarchitecture of Notch3em1Ecan mice. All three ASOs were well tolerated. One of these ASOs had more consistent effects in vivo and was studied in detail. The Notch3 mutant ASO downregulated Notch3 mutant transcripts in osteoblasts and bone marrow stromal cells and had no effect on other Notch receptors. The subcutaneous administration of Notch3 mutant ASO at 50 mg/Kg decreased Notch36691-TAATGA mRNA in bone without apparent toxicity; microcomputed tomography demonstrated that the ASO ameliorated the cortical osteopenia of Notch3em1Ecan mice but not the cancellous bone osteopenia. In conclusion, a Notch3 ASO that downregulates Notch3 mutant expression specifically ameliorates the cortical osteopenia in Notch3em1Ecan mice. ASOs may become useful strategies in the management of monogenic disorders affecting the skeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto Canalis
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, USA; Department of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, USA; UConn Musculoskeletal Institute, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, USA.
| | - Magda Mocarska
- UConn Musculoskeletal Institute, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Lauren Schilling
- UConn Musculoskeletal Institute, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, USA
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3
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Peymanfar Y, Su YW, Hassanshahi M, Xian CJ. Methotrexate treatment suppresses osteoblastic differentiation by inducing Notch2 signaling and blockade of Notch2 rescues osteogenesis by preserving Wnt/β-catenin signaling. J Orthop Res 2022; 40:2258-2270. [PMID: 34935186 DOI: 10.1002/jor.25253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Methotrexate (MTX) is a commonly used antimetabolite in cancer treatment. Its intensive use is linked with skeletal adverse effects such as reduced bone formation and bone loss, and yet little information is available on molecular mechanisms underlying MTX-induced impaired bone formation. This study investigated the effects of MTX treatment at a clinical chemotherapy relevant dose on osteogenic differentiation in MC3T3E1 osteoblastic cells. To investigate the potential mechanisms, the expression of 87 genes regulating osteoblast differentiation and bone homeostasis was screened in MTX-treated versus untreated cells by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) arrays and results illustrated significant upregulation of Notch2 and Notch target genes at both early and late stages of MC3T3E1 differentiation following MTX treatment. To confirm the roles of Notch2 pathway and its potential action mechanisms, MC3T3E1 cells were treated with MTX with an anti-Notch2 neutralizing antibody or control IgG and effects were examined on osteogenesis and activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Our results demonstrated that induction of Notch2 activity is associated with MTX adverse effects on osteogenic differentiation and blocking Notch2 rescues osteoblast differentiation by preserving activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaser Peymanfar
- UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Yu-Wen Su
- UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | | | - Cory J Xian
- UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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4
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Progress and Current Status in Hajdu-Cheney Syndrome with Focus on Novel Genetic Research. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911374. [PMID: 36232677 PMCID: PMC9570194 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Hajdu-Cheney syndrome (HCS) is a rare autosomal dominant manifestation of a congenital genetic disorder caused by a mutation in the NOTCH2 gene. NOTCH signaling has variations from NOTCH 1 to 4 and maintains homeostasis by determining and regulating the proliferation and differentiation of various cells. In HCS, the over-accumulated NOTCH2 causes abnormal bone resorption due to its continuous excessive signaling. HCS is characterized by progressive bone destruction, has complex wide-range clinical manifestations, and significantly impacts the patient’s quality of life. However, no effective treatment has been established for HCS to date. There are genetic variants of NOTCH2 that have been reported in the ClinVar database of the U.S. National Institutes of Health. In total, 26 mutant variants were detected based on the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMC). To date, there has been no comprehensive compilation of HCS mutations. In this review, we provide the most comprehensive list possible of HCS variants, nucleotide changes, amino acid definitions, and molecular consequences reported to date, following the ACMC guidelines.
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5
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Canalis E, Yee SP, Economides AN, Schilling L, Yu J. Induction of a NOTCH3 Lehman syndrome mutation in osteocytes causes osteopenia in male C57BL/6J mice. Bone 2022; 162:116476. [PMID: 35760307 PMCID: PMC10870228 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2022.116476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Lateral Meningocele or Lehman Syndrome (LMS) is associated with NOTCH3 mutations causing deletions of the PEST domain and a gain-of-NOTCH3 function. We demonstrated that Notch3em1Ecan mice harboring Notch3 mutations analogous to those found in LMS are osteopenic because of enhanced bone resorption. To determine the contribution of specific cell lineages to the phenotype, we created a conditional-by-inversion (Notch3COIN) model termed Notch3em2Ecan in which Cre recombination generates a Notch3INV allele expressing a NOTCH3 mutant lacking the PEST domain. Germ line Notch3COIN inversion caused osteopenia and phenocopied the Notch3em1Ecan mutant, validating the model. To induce the mutation in osteocytes, smooth muscle and endothelial cells, Notch3COIN mice were bred with mice expressing Cre from the Dmp1, Sm22a and Cdh5 promoters, respectively, creating experimental mice harboring Notch3INV alleles in Cre-expressing cells and control littermates harboring Notch3COIN alleles. Notch3COIN inversion in osteocytes led to femoral and vertebral cancellous bone osteopenia, whereas Notch3COIN inversion in mural Sm22a or endothelial Cdh5-expressing cells did not result in a skeletal phenotype. In conclusion, introduction of the LMS mutation in osteocytes but not in vascular cells causes osteopenia and phenocopies Notch3em1Ecan global mutant mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Canalis
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, United States; Department of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, United States; UConn Musculoskeletal Institute, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, United States.
| | - S P Yee
- Department of Cell Biology, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, United States
| | - A N Economides
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY 10531, United States
| | - L Schilling
- UConn Musculoskeletal Institute, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, United States
| | - J Yu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, United States; UConn Musculoskeletal Institute, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, United States
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6
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Canalis E, Carrer M, Eller T, Schilling L, Yu J. Use of antisense oligonucleotides to target Notch3 in skeletal cells. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0268225. [PMID: 35536858 PMCID: PMC9089911 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0268225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Notch receptors are determinants of cell fate and function, and play an important role in the regulation of bone development and skeletal remodeling. Lateral Meningocele Syndrome (LMS) is a monogenic disorder associated with NOTCH3 pathogenic variants that result in the stabilization of NOTCH3 and a gain-of-function. LMS presents with neurological developmental abnormalities and bone loss. We created a mouse model (Notch3em1Ecan) harboring a 6691TAATGA mutation in the Notch3 locus, and heterozygous Notch3em1Ecan mice exhibit cancellous and cortical bone osteopenia. In the present work, we explored whether Notch3 antisense oligonucleotides (ASO) downregulate Notch3 and have the potential to ameliorate the osteopenia of Notch3em1Ecan mice. Notch3 ASOs decreased the expression of Notch3 wild type and Notch36691-TAATGA mutant mRNA expressed by Notch3em1Ecan mice in osteoblast cultures without evidence of cellular toxicity. The effect was specific since ASOs did not downregulate Notch1, Notch2 or Notch4. The expression of Notch3 wild type and Notch36691-TAATGA mutant transcripts also was decreased in bone marrow stromal cells and osteocytes following exposure to Notch3 ASOs. In vivo, the subcutaneous administration of Notch3 ASOs at 25 to 50 mg/Kg decreased Notch3 mRNA in the liver, heart and bone. Microcomputed tomography demonstrated that the administration of Notch3 ASOs ameliorates the cortical osteopenia of Notch3em1Ecan mice, and ASOs decreased femoral cortical porosity and increased cortical thickness and bone volume. However, the administration of Notch3 ASOs did not ameliorate the cancellous bone osteopenia of Notchem1Ecan mice. In conclusion, Notch3 ASOs downregulate Notch3 expression in skeletal cells and their systemic administration ameliorates cortical osteopenia in Notch3em1Ecan mice; as such ASOs may become useful strategies in the management of skeletal diseases affected by Notch gain-of-function.
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MESH Headings
- Abnormalities, Multiple
- Animals
- Bone Diseases, Metabolic/genetics
- Bone Diseases, Metabolic/metabolism
- Bone and Bones/diagnostic imaging
- Bone and Bones/metabolism
- Meningocele
- Mice
- Oligonucleotides, Antisense
- RNA, Messenger
- Receptor, Notch2/genetics
- Receptor, Notch2/metabolism
- Receptor, Notch3/genetics
- Receptor, Notch3/metabolism
- Receptors, Notch/genetics
- X-Ray Microtomography
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto Canalis
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut, United States of America
- The UConn Musculoskeletal Institute, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Michele Carrer
- Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Carlsbad, California, United States of America
| | - Tabitha Eller
- The UConn Musculoskeletal Institute, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Lauren Schilling
- The UConn Musculoskeletal Institute, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Jungeun Yu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut, United States of America
- The UConn Musculoskeletal Institute, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut, United States of America
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7
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Notch2 Blockade Mitigates Methotrexate Chemotherapy-Induced Bone Loss and Marrow Adiposity. Cells 2022; 11:cells11091521. [PMID: 35563828 PMCID: PMC9103078 DOI: 10.3390/cells11091521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Childhood cancer methotrexate (MTX) chemotherapy often causes bone growth impairments, bone loss, and increased risks of fractures during or after treatment, for which the pathobiology is unclear and there is a lack of specific treatment. Our time course analyses of long bones from rats receiving intensive MTX treatment (mimicking a clinical protocol) found decreased trabecular bone volume, increased osteoclast formation and activity, increased adipogenesis in the expense of osteogenesis from the bone marrow stromal cells at days 6 and 9 following the first of five daily MTX doses. For exploring potential mechanisms, PCR array expression of 91 key factors regulating bone homeostasis was screened with the bone samples, which revealed MTX treatment-induced upregulation of Notch receptor NOTCH2, activation of which is known to be critical in skeletal development and bone homeostasis. Consistently, increased Notch2 activation in bones of MTX-treated rats was confirmed, accompanied by increased expression of Notch2 intracellular domain protein and Notch target genes HEY1, HES1 and HEYL. To confirm the roles of Notch2 signalling, a neutralising anti-Notch2 antibody or a control IgG was administered to rats during MTX treatment. Microcomputed tomography analyses demonstrated that trabecular bone volume was preserved by MTX+anti-Notch2 antibody treatment. Anti-Notch2 antibody treatment ameliorated MTX treatment-induced increases in osteoclast density and NFATc1 and RANKL expression, and attenuated MTX-induced bone marrow adiposity via regulating Wnt/β-catenin signalling and PPARγ expression. Thus, Notch2 signalling plays an important role in mediating MTX treatment-induced bone loss and bone marrow adiposity, and targeting Notch2 could be a potential therapeutic option.
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8
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Ye J, Xiao J, Wang J, Ma Y, Zhang Y, Zhang Q, Zhang Z, Yin H. The Interaction Between Intracellular Energy Metabolism and Signaling Pathways During Osteogenesis. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 8:807487. [PMID: 35155568 PMCID: PMC8832142 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.807487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoblasts primarily mediate bone formation, maintain bone structure, and regulate bone mineralization, which plays an important role in bone remodeling. In the past decades, the roles of cytokines, signaling proteins, and transcription factors in osteoblasts have been widely studied. However, whether the energy metabolism of cells can be regulated by these factors to affect the differentiation and functioning of osteoblasts has not been explored in depth. In addition, the signaling and energy metabolism pathways are not independent but closely connected. Although energy metabolism is mediated by signaling pathways, some intermediates of energy metabolism can participate in protein post-translational modification. The content of intermediates, such as acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl CoA) and uridine diphosphate N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-N-acetylglucosamine), determines the degree of acetylation and glycosylation in terms of the availability of energy-producing substrates. The utilization of intracellular metabolic resources and cell survival, proliferation, and differentiation are all related to the integration of metabolic and signaling pathways. In this paper, the interaction between the energy metabolism pathway and osteogenic signaling pathway in osteoblasts and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiapeng Ye
- Wuxi TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jirimutu Xiao
- Mongolian Medicine College, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Jianwei Wang
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Wuxi TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Wuxi, China
- *Correspondence: Jianwei Wang, ; Heng Yin,
| | - Yong Ma
- Wuxi TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yafeng Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Wuxi TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Wuxi, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Wuxi TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Zongrui Zhang
- Wuxi TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Heng Yin
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Wuxi TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Wuxi, China
- *Correspondence: Jianwei Wang, ; Heng Yin,
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9
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von Vopelius E, Oheim R, Amling M, Rolvien T, Beil FT. Skeletal characterization in a patient with Hajdu-Cheney syndrome undergoing total knee arthroplasty. Osteoporos Int 2021; 32:1899-1904. [PMID: 33742215 PMCID: PMC8387270 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-021-05914-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Hajdu-Cheney syndrome (HCS) is a rare genetic connective tissue disorder caused by gain-of-function mutations in the NOTCH2 gene. We report a 38-year-old male HCS patient with a history of multiple pathologic fractures, poor bone stock under intermittent antiresorptive therapy, and secondary osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee, in which we successfully performed total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Next to a detailed skeletal assessment including laboratory bone metabolism markers, dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), and high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT), undecalcified histologic and histomorphometric analysis was performed on intraoperatively obtained tibial cut sections. This multiscale assessment revealed a severe, combined trabecular-cortical microarchitectural deterioration, increased bone turnover indices, and advanced cartilage degeneration, thus demonstrating the crucial role of Notch2 in skeletal and cartilage homeostasis, which is in line with the findings of previous mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
- E von Vopelius
- Division of Orthopaedics, Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - R Oheim
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- National Bone Board, Martin Zeitz Center for Rare Diseases, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - M Amling
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - T Rolvien
- Division of Orthopaedics, Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - F T Beil
- Division of Orthopaedics, Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.
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10
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Relevance of Notch Signaling for Bone Metabolism and Regeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031325. [PMID: 33572704 PMCID: PMC7865281 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Notch1-4 receptors and their signaling pathways are expressed in almost all organ systems and play a pivotal role in cell fate decision by coordinating cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. Differential expression and activation of Notch signaling pathways has been observed in a variety of organs and tissues under physiological and pathological conditions. Bone tissue represents a dynamic system, which is constantly remodeled throughout life. In bone, Notch receptors have been shown to control remodeling and regeneration. Numerous functions have been assigned to Notch receptors and ligands, including osteoblast differentiation and matrix mineralization, osteoclast recruitment and cell fusion and osteoblast/osteoclast progenitor cell proliferation. The expression and function of Notch1-4 in the skeleton are distinct and closely depend on the temporal expression at different differentiation stages. This review addresses the current knowledge on Notch signaling in adult bone with emphasis on metabolism, bone regeneration and degenerative skeletal disorders, as well as congenital disorders associated with mutant Notch genes. Moreover, the crosstalk between Notch signaling and other important pathways involved in bone turnover, including Wnt/β-catenin, BMP and RANKL/OPG, are outlined.
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11
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Canalis E, Zanotti S, Schilling L, Eller T, Yu J. Activation of Notch3 in osteoblasts/osteocytes causes compartment-specific changes in bone remodeling. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100583. [PMID: 33774049 PMCID: PMC8086145 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Notch receptors maintain skeletal homeostasis. NOTCH1 and 2 have been studied for their effects on bone remodeling. Although NOTCH3 plays a significant role in vascular physiology, knowledge about its function in other cellular environments, including bone, is limited. The present study was conducted to establish the function of NOTCH3 in skeletal cells using models of Notch3 misexpression. Microcomputed tomography demonstrated that Notch3 null mice did not have appreciable bone phenotypes. To study the effects of the NOTCH3 activation in the osteoblast lineage, BGLAP-Cre or Dmp1-Cre transgenics were crossed with RosaNotch3 mice, where the NOTCH3 intracellular domain is expressed following the removal of a loxP-flanked STOP cassette. Microcomputed tomography demonstrated that BGLAP-Cre;RosaNotch3 and Dmp1-Cre;RosaNotch3 mice of both sexes exhibited an increase in trabecular bone and in connectivity, with a decrease in cortical bone and increased cortical porosity. Histological analysis revealed a decrease in osteoclast number and bone resorption in trabecular bone and an increase in osteoclast number and void or pore area in cortical bone of RosaNotch3 mice. Bone formation was either decreased or could not be determined in Cre;RosaNotch3 mice. NOTCH3 activation in osteoblasts inhibited Alpl (alkaline phosphatase) and Bglap (osteocalcin) and induced Tnfsf11 (RANKL) and Tnfrsf11b (osteoprotegerin) mRNA, possibly explaining the trabecular bone phenotype. However, NOTCH3 induced Tnfsf11 and suppressed Tnfrsf11b in osteocytes, possibly explaining the cortical porosity. In conclusion, basal NOTCH3 is dispensable for skeletal homeostasis, whereas activation of NOTCH3 in osteoblasts/osteocytes inhibits osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption in cancellous bone but increases intracortical remodeling and causes cortical porosity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto Canalis
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut, USA; Department of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut, USA; UConn Musculoskeletal Institute, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut, USA.
| | - Stefano Zanotti
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut, USA; UConn Musculoskeletal Institute, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Lauren Schilling
- UConn Musculoskeletal Institute, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Tabitha Eller
- UConn Musculoskeletal Institute, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Jungeun Yu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut, USA; UConn Musculoskeletal Institute, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
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12
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Novak S, Roeder E, Sinder BP, Adams DJ, Siebel CW, Grcevic D, Hankenson KD, Matthews BG, Kalajzic I. Modulation of Notch1 signaling regulates bone fracture healing. J Orthop Res 2020; 38:2350-2361. [PMID: 32141629 PMCID: PMC7483882 DOI: 10.1002/jor.24650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Fracture healing involves interactions of different cell types, driven by various growth factors, and signaling cascades. Periosteal mesenchymal progenitor cells give rise to the majority of osteoblasts and chondrocytes in a fracture callus. Notch signaling has emerged as an important regulator of skeletal cell proliferation and differentiation. We investigated the effects of Notch signaling during the fracture healing process. Increased Notch signaling in osteochondroprogenitor cells driven by overexpression of Notch1 intracellular domain (NICD1) (αSMACreERT2 mice crossed with Rosa-NICD1) during fracture resulted in less cartilage, more mineralized callus tissue, and stronger and stiffer bones after 3 weeks. Periosteal cells overexpressing NICD1 showed increased proliferation and migration in vitro. In vivo data confirmed that increased Notch1 signaling caused expansion of alpha-smooth muscle actin (αSMA)-positive cells and their progeny including αSMA-derived osteoblasts in the callus without affecting osteoclast numbers. In contrast, anti-NRR1 antibody treatment to inhibit Notch1 signaling resulted in increased callus cartilage area, reduced callus bone mass, and reduced biomechanical strength. Our study shows a positive effect of induced Notch1 signaling on the fracture healing process, suggesting that stimulating the Notch pathway could be beneficial for fracture repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanja Novak
- Department of Reconstructive Sciences, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Emilie Roeder
- Department of Reconstructive Sciences, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Benjamin P. Sinder
- Department of Reconstructive Sciences, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Douglas J. Adams
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, USA;,Department of Orthopedics, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | | | - Danka Grcevic
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Kurt D. Hankenson
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Brya G. Matthews
- Department of Reconstructive Sciences, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, USA;,Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Ivo Kalajzic
- Department of Reconstructive Sciences, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, USA
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13
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Notch Signaling in Skeletal Development, Homeostasis and Pathogenesis. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10020332. [PMID: 32092942 PMCID: PMC7072615 DOI: 10.3390/biom10020332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal development is a complex process which requires the tight regulation of gene activation and suppression in response to local signaling pathways. Among these pathways, Notch signaling is implicated in governing cell fate determination, proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis of skeletal cells-osteoblasts, osteoclasts, osteocytes and chondrocytes. Moreover, human genetic mutations in Notch components emphasize the critical roles of Notch signaling in skeletal development and homeostasis. In this review, we focus on the physiological roles of Notch signaling in skeletogenesis, postnatal bone and cartilage homeostasis and fracture repair. We also discuss the pathological gain- and loss-of-function of Notch signaling in bone and cartilage, resulting in osteosarcoma and age-related degenerative diseases, such as osteoporosis and osteoarthritis. Understanding the physiological and pathological function of Notch signaling in skeletal tissues using animal models and human genetics will provide new insights into disease pathogenesis and offer novel approaches for the treatment of bone/cartilage diseases.
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14
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Abstract
Osteoblasts are specialized mesenchymal cells that synthesize bone matrix and coordinate the mineralization of the skeleton. These cells work in harmony with osteoclasts, which resorb bone, in a continuous cycle that occurs throughout life. The unique function of osteoblasts requires substantial amounts of energy production, particularly during states of new bone formation and remodelling. Over the last 15 years, studies have shown that osteoblasts secrete endocrine factors that integrate the metabolic requirements of bone formation with global energy balance through the regulation of insulin production, feeding behaviour and adipose tissue metabolism. In this article, we summarize the current understanding of three osteoblast-derived metabolic hormones (osteocalcin, lipocalin and sclerostin) and the clinical evidence that suggests the relevance of these pathways in humans, while also discussing the necessity of specific energy substrates (glucose, fatty acids and amino acids) to fuel bone formation and promote osteoblast differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Dirckx
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Megan C Moorer
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- The Baltimore Veterans Administration Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Thomas L Clemens
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- The Baltimore Veterans Administration Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ryan C Riddle
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- The Baltimore Veterans Administration Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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15
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This article reviews the past 2 years of research on Notch signaling as it relates to bone physiology, with the goal of reconciling seemingly discrepant findings and identifying fruitful areas of potential future research. RECENT FINDINGS Conditional animal models and high-throughput omics have contributed to a greater understanding of the context-dependent role of Notch signaling in bone. However, significant gaps remain in our understanding of how spatiotemporal context and epigenetic state dictate downstream Notch phenotypes. Biphasic activation of Notch signaling orchestrates progression of mesenchymal progenitor cells through the osteoblast lineage, but there is a limited understanding of ligand- and receptor-specific functions. Paracrine Notch signaling through non-osteoblastic cell types contributes additional layers of complexity, and we anticipate impactful future work related to the integration of these cell types and signaling mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel W Youngstrom
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, 109 Zina Pitcher Pl, Ann Arbor, MI, 48872, USA.
| | - Kurt D Hankenson
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, 109 Zina Pitcher Pl, Ann Arbor, MI, 48872, USA
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16
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Chen X, Chen X, Zhou Z, Mao Y, Wang Y, Ma Z, Xu W, Qin A, Zhang S. Nirogacestat suppresses RANKL-Induced osteoclast formation in vitro and attenuates LPS-Induced bone resorption in vivo. Exp Cell Res 2019; 382:111470. [PMID: 31211955 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2019.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Bone resorption, initiated by osteoclasts (OCs), plays an essential role in bone homeostasis. The abnormalities of bone resorption may induce a series of diseases, including osteoarthritis, osteoporosis and aseptic peri-implant loosening. Nirogacestat (PF-03084014, PF), a novel gamma-secretase inhibitor, has been used in phase II clinical trial for treatment of desmoid tumor. However, whether it has the therapeutic effect on abnormal bone resorption remains to be evaluated. In this study, we investigated the role of PF in the regulation of receptor activator of nuclear factor-kB ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclastogenesis in vitro, and the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced bone resorption in vivo. It was found that PF could suppress the formation of osteoclasts from bone marrow macrophages (BMMs) without causing cytotoxicity, inhibit bone resorption and downregulate the mRNA level of osteoclast-specific markers, including calcitonin receptor (CTR), tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), cathepsin K (CTSK), dendritic cell-specific transmembrane protein (Dc-stamp), Atp6v0d2 (V-ATPase d2) and nuclear factor of activated T-cells cytoplasmic 1 (NFATc1). Furthermore, Notch2 signaling, as well as RANKL-induced AKT signaling was significantly inhibited in BMMs. Consistent with in vitro observation, we found that PF greatly ameliorated LPS-induced bone resorption. Taken together, our study demonstrated that PF has a great potential to be used in management of osteolytic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuzhuo Chen
- Department of Oral Surgery, Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Xinwei Chen
- Department of Oral Surgery, Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Zhihang Zhou
- Department of Oral Surgery, Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Yi Mao
- Department of Oral Surgery, Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Yexin Wang
- Department of Oral Surgery, Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Zhigui Ma
- Department of Oral Surgery, Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Weifeng Xu
- Department of Oral Surgery, Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, China.
| | - An Qin
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implant, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China.
| | - Shanyong Zhang
- Department of Oral Surgery, Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, China.
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17
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Yu J, Siebel CW, Schilling L, Canalis E. An antibody to Notch3 reverses the skeletal phenotype of lateral meningocele syndrome in male mice. J Cell Physiol 2019; 235:210-220. [PMID: 31188489 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Lateral meningocele syndrome (LMS), a genetic disorder characterized by meningoceles and skeletal abnormalities, is associated with NOTCH3 mutations. We created a mouse model of LMS (Notch3tm1.1Ecan ) by introducing a tandem termination codon in the Notch3 locus upstream of the proline (P), glutamic acid (E), serine (S) and threonine (T) domain. Microcomputed tomography demonstrated that Notch3tm1.1Ecan mice exhibit osteopenia. The cancellous bone osteopenia was no longer observed after the intraperitoneal administration of antibodies directed to the negative regulatory region (NRR) of Notch3. The anti-Notch3 NRR antibody suppressed the expression of Hes1, Hey1, and Hey2 (Notch target genes), and decreased Tnfsf11 (receptor activator of NF Kappa B ligand) messenger RNA in Notch3tm1.1Ecan osteoblast (OB) cultures. Bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs) from Notch3tm1.1Ecan mutants exhibited enhanced osteoclastogenesis in culture, and this was increased in cocultures with Notch3tm1.1Ecan OB. Osteoclastogenesis was suppressed by anti-Notch3 NRR antibodies in Notch3tm1.1Ecan OB/BMM cocultures. In conclusion, the cancellous bone osteopenia of Notch3tm1.1Ecan mutants is reversed by anti-Notch3 NRR antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungeun Yu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut.,The UConn Musculoskeletal Institute, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Christian W Siebel
- Department of Discovery Oncology, Genentech, Inc, South San Francisco, California
| | - Lauren Schilling
- The UConn Musculoskeletal Institute, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Ernesto Canalis
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut.,The UConn Musculoskeletal Institute, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut.,Department of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut
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18
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Lee SY, Long F. Notch signaling suppresses glucose metabolism in mesenchymal progenitors to restrict osteoblast differentiation. J Clin Invest 2018; 128:5573-5586. [PMID: 30284985 DOI: 10.1172/jci96221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Notch signaling critically controls cell fate decisions in mammals, both during embryogenesis and in adults. In the skeleton, Notch suppresses osteoblast differentiation and sustains bone marrow mesenchymal progenitors during postnatal life. Stabilizing mutations of Notch2 cause Hajdu-Cheney syndrome, which is characterized by early-onset osteoporosis in humans, but the mechanism whereby Notch inhibits bone accretion is not fully understood. Here, we report that activation of Notch signaling by either Jagged1 or the Notch2 intracellular domain suppresses glucose metabolism and osteoblast differentiation in primary cultures of bone marrow mesenchymal progenitors. Importantly, deletion of Notch2 in the limb mesenchyme increases both glycolysis and bone formation in the long bones of postnatal mice, whereas pharmacological reduction of glycolysis abrogates excessive bone formation. Mechanistically, Notch reduces the expression of glycolytic and mitochondrial complex I genes, resulting in a decrease in mitochondrial respiration, superoxide production, and AMPK activity. Forced activation of AMPK restores glycolysis in the face of Notch signaling. Thus, suppression of glucose metabolism contributes to the mechanism, whereby Notch restricts osteoblastogenesis from bone marrow mesenchymal progenitors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fanxin Long
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, and.,Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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19
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Canalis E, Yu J, Schilling L, Yee SP, Zanotti S. The lateral meningocele syndrome mutation causes marked osteopenia in mice. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:14165-14177. [PMID: 30042232 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.004242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Lateral meningocele syndrome (LMS) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by neurological complications and osteoporosis. LMS is associated with mutations in exon 33 of NOTCH3 leading to a truncated protein lacking sequences for NOTCH3 degradation and presumably causing NOTCH3 gain of function. To create a mouse model reproducing human LMS-associated mutations, we utilized CRISPR/Cas9 to introduce a tandem termination codon at bases 6691-6696 (ACCAAG→TAATGA) and verified this mutation (Notch3tm1.1Ecan ) by DNA sequencing of F1 mice. One-month-old male and female heterozygous Notch3tm1.1Ecan mice had cancellous and cortical bone osteopenia but exhibited no obvious neurological alterations, and histopathology of multiple organs revealed no abnormalities. Microcomputed tomography of these mutants revealed a 35-60% decrease in cancellous bone volume associated with a reduction in trabecular number and decreased connectivity. During maturation, cancellous and cortical bones were restored in female but not in male mice, which exhibited cancellous bone osteopenia at 4 months. Cancellous bone histomorphometry revealed increased osteoblast and osteocyte numbers and a modest increase in osteoclast surface and bone formation rate. Notch3tm1.1Ecan calvarial osteoblasts had increased proliferation and increased bone γ-carboxyglutamate protein (Bglap) and TNF superfamily member 11 (Tnfsf11) mRNA levels and lower Tnfrsf11b levels. Tnfsf11 mRNA was increased in osteocyte-rich femora from Notch3tm1.1Ecan mice. Cultures of bone marrow-derived macrophages from Notch3tm1.1Ecan mice revealed increased osteoclast formation, particularly in cocultures with osteoblasts from Notch3tm1.1Ecan mice. In conclusion, the Notch3tm1.1Ecan mutation causes osteopenia despite an increase in osteoblast proliferation and function and is associated with enhanced Tnfsf11 expression in osteoblasts and osteocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto Canalis
- From the Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery, .,Medicine, and.,UConn Musculoskeletal Institute, and
| | - Jungeun Yu
- From the Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery.,UConn Musculoskeletal Institute, and
| | - Lauren Schilling
- From the Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery.,UConn Musculoskeletal Institute, and
| | - Siu-Pok Yee
- Cell Biology.,Center for Mouse Genome Modification, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut 06030
| | - Stefano Zanotti
- From the Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery.,Medicine, and.,UConn Musculoskeletal Institute, and
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20
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Zanotti S, Yu J, Adhikari S, Canalis E. Glucocorticoids inhibit notch target gene expression in osteoblasts. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:6016-6023. [PMID: 29575203 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids in excess suppress osteoblast function and cause osteoporosis. We demonstrated that cortisol induces the expression of selected Notch receptors in osteoblasts, revealing a potential mechanism for the skeletal effects of glucocorticoids. However, it remains to be determined whether increased expression of Notch receptors results into enhanced signaling. Following activation of Notch, its intracellular domain (NICD) binds to the DNA-associated protein recombination signal binding protein for immunoglobulin kappa-J region (RBPJ) and induces the expression of target genes such as Hey1, Hey2, and HeyL. To determine whether glucocorticoids modulate Notch signaling in the skeleton, 1 month old wild-type mice were administered prednisolone or placebo and sacrificed after 72 h, and gene expression was analyzed in femoral bone. Prednisolone induced Tsc22d3, a glucocorticoid target gene, and suppressed Hey1 and HeyL expression, which is indicative of inhibited Notch receptor activity or direct Hey downregulation. To determine the mechanisms of Hey suppression, wild-type osteoblast-enriched cells were seeded on the Notch cognate ligand Delta-like (DLL)1 or transfected with constructs expressing the NOTCH1 NICD fragment and exposed to either cortisol or vehicle. Cortisol opposed the induction of mRNA and heterogeneous nuclear RNA for Hey1, Hey2, and HeyL by DLL1, but had no effect on mRNA stability, indicating that glucocorticoids inhibit Hey expression by transcriptional mechanisms. Transactivation studies and electrophoretic mobility shift assays revealed that cortisol did not oppose RBPJ-mediated transcription or RBPJ/DNA interactions, respectively. In conclusion, glucocorticoids suppress expression of Hey1, Hey2, and HeyL in osteoblasts by RBPJ-independent transcriptional mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Zanotti
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut.,Department of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut.,UConn Musculoskeletal Institute, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Jungeun Yu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut.,UConn Musculoskeletal Institute, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut
| | | | - Ernesto Canalis
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut.,Department of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut.,UConn Musculoskeletal Institute, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut
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21
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Yu J, Zanotti S, Schilling L, Schoenherr C, Economides AN, Sanjay A, Canalis E. Induction of the Hajdu-Cheney Syndrome Mutation in CD19 B Cells in Mice Alters B-Cell Allocation but Not Skeletal Homeostasis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2018; 188:1430-1446. [PMID: 29545197 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2018.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Mice harboring Notch2 mutations replicating Hajdu-Cheney syndrome (Notch2tm1.1ECan) have osteopenia and exhibit an increase in splenic marginal zone B cells with a decrease in follicular B cells. Whether the altered B-cell allocation is responsible for the osteopenia of Notch2tm1.1ECan mutants is unknown. To determine the effect of NOTCH2 activation in B cells on splenic B-cell allocation and skeletal phenotype, a conditional-by-inversion (COIN) Hajdu-Cheney syndrome allele of Notch2 (Notch2[ΔPEST]COIN) was used. Cre recombination generates a permanent Notch2ΔPEST allele expressing a transcript for which sequences coding for the proline, glutamic acid, serine, and threonine-rich (PEST) domain are replaced by a stop codon. CD19-Cre drivers were backcrossed into Notch2[ΔPEST]COIN/[ΔPEST]COIN to generate CD19-specific Notch2ΔPEST/ΔPEST mutants and control Notch2[ΔPEST]COIN/[ΔPEST]COIN littermates. There was an increase in marginal zone B cells and a decrease in follicular B cells in the spleen of CD19Cre/WT;Notch2ΔPEST/ΔPEST mice, recapitulating the splenic phenotype of Notch2tm1.1ECan mice. The effect was reproduced when the NOTCH1 intracellular domain was induced in CD19-expressing cells (CD19Cre/WT;RosaNotch1/WT mice). However, neither CD19Cre/WT;Notch2ΔPEST/ΔPEST nor CD19Cre/WT;RosaNotch1/WT mice had a skeletal phenotype. Moreover, splenectomies in Notch2tm1.1ECan mice did not reverse their osteopenic phenotype. In conclusion, Notch2 activation in CD19-expressing cells determines B-cell allocation in the spleen but has no skeletal consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungeun Yu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut; UConn Musculoskeletal Institute, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Stefano Zanotti
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut; UConn Musculoskeletal Institute, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut; Department of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Lauren Schilling
- UConn Musculoskeletal Institute, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Chris Schoenherr
- Genome Engineering Technologies, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, New York
| | - Aris N Economides
- Genome Engineering Technologies, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, New York
| | - Archana Sanjay
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut; UConn Musculoskeletal Institute, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut.
| | - Ernesto Canalis
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut; UConn Musculoskeletal Institute, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut; Department of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut.
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22
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Canalis E. Clinical and experimental aspects of notch receptor signaling: Hajdu-Cheney syndrome and related disorders. Metabolism 2018; 80:48-56. [PMID: 28941602 PMCID: PMC5818282 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are four Notch transmembrane receptors that determine the fate and function of cells. Notch is activated following its interactions with ligands of the Jagged and Delta-like families that lead to the cleavage and release of the Notch intracellular domain (NICD); this translocates to the nucleus to induce the transcription of Notch target genes. Genetic disorders of loss- and gain-of-NOTCH function present with severe clinical manifestations. BASIC PROCEDURES In this article, current knowledge of Hajdu Cheney Syndrome (HCS) and related disorders is reviewed. MAIN FINDINGS HCS is a rare genetic disorder characterized by acroosteolysis, fractures, short stature, neurological manifestations, craniofacial developmental abnormalities, cardiovascular defects and polycystic kidneys. HCS is associated with NOTCH2 gain-of-function mutations. An experimental mouse model of the disease revealed that the bone loss is secondary to increased osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption due to enhanced expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (Rankl). This would suggest that inhibitors of bone resorption might prove to be beneficial in the treatment of the bone loss associated with HCS. Notch2 is a determinant of B-cell allocation in the marginal zone of the spleen and "somatic" mutations analogous to those found in HCS are associated with B-cell lymphomas of the marginal zone, but there are no reports of lymphomas associated with HCS. CONCLUSION In conclusion, HCS is a serious genetic disorder associated with NOTCH2 mutations. New experimental models have offered insight on mechanisms responsible for the manifestations of HCS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto Canalis
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, the UConn Musculoskeletal Institute, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA; Department of Medicine, the UConn Musculoskeletal Institute, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.
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23
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SALL4 promotes osteoblast differentiation by deactivating NOTCH2 signaling. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 98:9-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.11.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
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24
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Vollersen N, Hermans-Borgmeyer I, Cornils K, Fehse B, Rolvien T, Triviai I, Jeschke A, Oheim R, Amling M, Schinke T, Yorgan TA. High Bone Turnover in Mice Carrying a Pathogenic Notch2 Mutation Causing Hajdu-Cheney Syndrome. J Bone Miner Res 2018; 33:70-83. [PMID: 28856714 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Hajdu-Cheney syndrome (HCS) is a rare autosomal-dominant disorder primarily characterized by acro-osteolysis and early-onset osteoporosis. Genetically, HCS is caused by nonsense or deletion mutations within exon 34 of the NOTCH2 gene, resulting in premature translational termination and production of C-terminally truncated NOTCH2 proteins that are predicted to activate NOTCH2-dependent signaling. To understand the role of Notch2 in bone remodeling, we developed a mouse model of HCS by introducing a pathogenic mutation (6272delT) into the murine Notch2 gene. By μCT and undecalcified histology, we observed generalized osteopenia in two independent mouse lines derived by injection of different targeted embryonic stem (ES) cell clones, yet acro-osteolysis did not occur until the age of 52 weeks. Cellular and dynamic histomorphometry revealed a high bone turnover situation in Notch2+/HCS mice, since osteoblast and osteoclast indices were significantly increased compared with wild-type littermates. Whereas ex vivo cultures failed to uncover cell-autonomous gain-of-functions within the osteoclast or osteoblast lineage, an unbiased RNA sequencing approach identified Tnfsf11 and Il6 as Notch-signaling target genes in bone marrow cells cultured under osteogenic conditions. Because we further observed that the high-turnover pathology of Notch2+/HCS mice was fully normalized by alendronate treatment, our results demonstrate that mutational activation of Notch2 does not directly control osteoblast activity but favors a pro-osteoclastic gene expression pattern, which in turn triggers high bone turnover. © 2017 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nele Vollersen
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Irm Hermans-Borgmeyer
- Center for Molecular Neurobiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kerstin Cornils
- Research Department Cell and Gene Therapy, Department of Stem Cell Transplantation, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Boris Fehse
- Research Department Cell and Gene Therapy, Department of Stem Cell Transplantation, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tim Rolvien
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ioanna Triviai
- Clinic for Stem Cell Transplantation, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anke Jeschke
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ralf Oheim
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael Amling
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Schinke
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Timur Alexander Yorgan
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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