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Yan C, Li M, Ma J, Liao Y, Luo H, Wang J, Luo J. A Novel Feature Selection Method Based on MRMR and Enhanced Flower Pollination Algorithm for High Dimensional Biomedical Data. Curr Bioinform 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/1574893616666210624130124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
The massive amount of biomedical data accumulated in the past decades can
be utilized for diagnosing disease.
Objective:
However, the high dimensionality, small sample sizes, and irrelevant features of data often have
a negative influence on the accuracy and speed of disease prediction. Some existing machine learning
models cannot capture the patterns on these datasets accurately without utilizing feature selection.
Methods:
Filter and wrapper are two prevailing feature selection methods. The filter method is fast but
has low prediction accuracy, while the latter can obtain high accuracy but has a formidable computation
cost. Given the drawbacks of using filter or wrapper individually, a novel feature selection method,
called MRMR-EFPATS, is proposed, which hybridizes filter method Minimum Redundancy Maximum
Relevance (MRMR) and wrapper method based on an improved Flower Pollination Algorithm (FPA).
First, MRMR is employed to rank and screen out some important features quickly. These features are
further chosen for individual populations following the wrapper method for faster convergence and less
computational time. Then, due to its efficiency and flexibility, FPA is adopted to further discover an optimal
feature subset.
Result:
FPA still has some drawbacks, such as slow convergence rate, inadequacy in terms of searching
new solutions, and tends to be trapped in local optima. In our work, an elite strategy is adopted to
improve the convergence speed of the FPA. Tabu search and Adaptive Gaussian Mutation are employed
to improve the search capability of FPA and escape from local optima. Here, the KNN classifier with
the 5-fold-CV is utilized to evaluate the classification accuracy.
Conclusion:
Extensive experimental results on six public high dimensional biomedical datasets show
that the proposed MRMR-EFPATS has achieved superior performance compared to other state-of-theart
methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaokun Yan
- School of Computer and Information Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Mengyuan Li
- School of Computer and Information Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | | | - Yi Liao
- Academy of Arts & Design, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Huimin Luo
- School of Computer and Information Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Jianlin Wang
- School of Computer and Information Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Junwei Luo
- College of Computer Science
and Technology, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, China
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Splicing dysfunction and disease: The case of granulopoiesis. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2018; 75:23-39. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.08.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Increased Expression of Serglycin in Specific Carcinomas and Aggressive Cancer Cell Lines. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:690721. [PMID: 26581653 PMCID: PMC4637082 DOI: 10.1155/2015/690721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Revised: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In the present pilot study, we examined the presence of serglycin in lung, breast, prostate, and colon cancer and evaluated its expression in cell lines and tissues. We found that serglycin was expressed and constitutively secreted in culture medium in high levels in more aggressive cancer cells. It is worth noticing that aggressive cancer cells that harbor KRAS or EGFR mutations secreted serglycin constitutively in elevated levels. Furthermore, we detected the transcription of an alternative splice variant of serglycin lacking exon 2 in specific cell lines. In a limited number of tissue samples analyzed, serglycin was detected in normal epithelium but was also expressed in higher levels in advanced grade tumors as shown by immunohistochemistry. Serglycin staining was diffuse, granular, and mainly cytoplasmic. In some cancer cells serglycin also exhibited membrane and/or nuclear immunolocalization. Interestingly, the stromal cells of the reactive tumor stroma were positive for serglycin, suggesting an enhanced biosynthesis for this proteoglycan in activated tumor microenvironment. Our study investigated for first time the distribution of serglycin in normal epithelial and cancerous lesions in most common cancer types. The elevated levels of serglycin in aggressive cancer and stromal cells may suggest a key role for serglycin in disease progression.
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Korpetinou A, Skandalis SS, Labropoulou VT, Smirlaki G, Noulas A, Karamanos NK, Theocharis AD. Serglycin: at the crossroad of inflammation and malignancy. Front Oncol 2014; 3:327. [PMID: 24455486 PMCID: PMC3888995 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2013.00327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Serglycin has been initially characterized as an intracellular proteoglycan expressed by hematopoietic cells. All inflammatory cells highly synthesize serglycin and store it in granules, where it interacts with numerous inflammatory mediators, such as proteases, chemokines, cytokines, and growth factors. Serglycin is implicated in their storage into the granules and their protection since they are secreted as complexes and delivered to their targets after secretion. During the last decade, numerous studies have demonstrated that serglycin is also synthesized by various non-hematopoietic cell types. It has been shown that serglycin is highly expressed by tumor cells and promotes their aggressive phenotype and confers resistance against drugs and complement system attack. Apart from its direct beneficial role to tumor cells, serglycin may promote the inflammatory process in the tumor cell microenvironment thus enhancing tumor development. In the present review, we discuss the role of serglycin in inflammation and tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angeliki Korpetinou
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras , Patras , Greece
| | - Spyros S Skandalis
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras , Patras , Greece
| | | | - Gianna Smirlaki
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras , Patras , Greece
| | | | - Nikos K Karamanos
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras , Patras , Greece
| | - Achilleas D Theocharis
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras , Patras , Greece
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Scully OJ, Chua PJ, Harve KS, Bay BH, Yip GW. Serglycin in Health and Diseases. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2012; 295:1415-20. [DOI: 10.1002/ar.22536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2012] [Revised: 06/17/2012] [Accepted: 06/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Kolset SO, Pejler G. Serglycin: a structural and functional chameleon with wide impact on immune cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 187:4927-33. [PMID: 22049227 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1100806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Among the different proteoglycans expressed by mammals, serglycin is in most immune cells the dominating species. A unique property of serglycin is its ability to adopt highly divergent structures, because of glycosylation with variable types of glycosaminoglycans when expressed by different cell types. Recent studies of serglycin-deficient animals have revealed crucial functions for serglycin in a diverse array of immunological processes. However, its exact function varies to a large extent depending on the cellular context of serglycin expression. Based on these findings, serglycin is emerging as a structural and functional chameleon, with radically different properties depending on its exact cellular and immunological context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svein O Kolset
- Department of Nutrition, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway.
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Schick BP. Serglycin proteoglycan deletion in mouse platelets: physiological effects and their implications for platelet contributions to thrombosis, inflammation, atherosclerosis, and metastasis. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2010; 93:235-87. [PMID: 20807648 DOI: 10.1016/s1877-1173(10)93011-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Serglycin is found in all nucleated hematopoietic cells and platelets, blood vessels, various reproductive and developmental tissues, and in chondrocytes. The serglycin knockout mouse has demonstrated that this proteoglycan is required for proper generation and function of secretory granules in several hematopoietic cells. The effects on platelets are profound, and include diminishing platelet aggregation responses and formation of platelet thrombi. This chapter will review cell-specific aspects of serglycin structure, its gene regulation, cell and tissue localization, and the effects of serglycin deletion on hematopoietic cell granule structure and function. The effects of serglycin knockout on platelets are described and discussed in detail. Rationales for further investigations into the contribution of serglycin to the known roles of platelets in thrombosis, inflammation, atherosclerosis, and tumor metastasis are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara P Schick
- Department of Medicine, Cardeza Foundation for Hematologic Research, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Mirmalek-Sani SH, Stokes PJ, Tare RS, Ralph EJ, Inglis S, Hanley NA, Houghton FD, Oreffo ROC. Derivation of a novel undifferentiated human foetal phenotype in serum-free cultures with BMP-2. J Cell Mol Med 2009; 13:3541-55. [PMID: 19438813 PMCID: PMC3430854 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2009.00742.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal stem and progenitor populations provide a platform for cell-based tissue regeneration strategies. Optimized conditions for ex vivo expansion will be critical and use of serum-free culture may allow enhanced modelling of differentiation potential. Maintenance of human foetal femur-derived cells in a chemically defined medium (CDM) with activin A and fibroblast growth factor-2 generated a unique undifferentiated cell population in comparison to basal cultures, with significantly reduced amino acid depletion, appearance and turnover, reduced alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and loss of type I and II collagen expression demonstrated by fluorescence immunocytochemistry. Microarray analysis demonstrated up-regulation of CLU, OSR2, POSTN and RABGAP1 and down-regulation of differentiation-associated genes CRYAB, CSRP1, EPAS1, GREM1, MT1X and SRGN as validated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Application of osteogenic conditions to CDM cultures demonstrated partial rescue of ALP activity. In contrast, the addition of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) resulted in reduced ALP levels, increased amino acid metabolism and, strikingly, a marked shift to a cobblestone-like cellular morphology, with expression of SOX-2 and SOX-9 but not STRO-1 as shown by immunocytochemistry, and significantly altered expression of metabolic genes (GFPT2, SC4MOL and SQLE), genes involved in morphogenesis (SOX15 and WIF1) and differentiation potential (C1orf19, CHSY-2,DUSP6, HMGCS1 and PPL). These studies demonstrate the use of an intermediary foetal cellular model for differentiation studies in chemically defined conditions and indicate the in vitro reconstruction of the mesenchymal condensation phenotype in the presence of BMP-2, with implications therein for rescue studies, screening assays and skeletal regeneration research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayed-Hadi Mirmalek-Sani
- Centre for Human Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration, Bone and Joint Research Group, Developmental Origins of Health and Disease Division, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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Shi B, Guo X, Wu T, Sheng S, Wang J, Skogerbø G, Zhu X, Chen R. Genome-scale identification of Caenorhabditis elegans regulatory elements by tiling-array mapping of DNase I hypersensitive sites. BMC Genomics 2009; 10:92. [PMID: 19243610 PMCID: PMC2651899 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-10-92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2008] [Accepted: 02/25/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A major goal of post-genomics research is the integrated analysis of genes, regulatory elements and the chromatin architecture on a genome-wide scale. Mapping DNase I hypersensitive sites within the nuclear chromatin is a powerful and well-established method of identifying regulatory element candidates. Results Here, we report the first genome-wide analysis of DNase I hypersensitive sites (DHSs) in Caenorhabditis elegans. The data was obtained by hybridizing DNase I-treated and end-captured material from young adult worms to a high-resolution tiling microarray. The data show that C. elegans DHSs were significantly enriched within intergenic regions located 2 kb upstream and downstream of coding genes, and also that a considerable fraction of all DHSs mapped to intergenic positions distant to annotated coding genes. Annotated transcribed loci were generally depleted in DHSs relative to intergenic regions, but DHSs were nonetheless enriched in coding exons and UTRs, whereas introns were significantly depleted in DHSs. Many DHSs appeared to be associated with annotated non-coding RNAs and recently detected transcripts of unknown function. It has been reported that nematode highly conserved non-coding elements were associated with cis-regulatory elements, and we also found that DHSs, particularly distal intergenic DHSs, were significantly enriched in regions that were conserved between the C. elegans and C. briggsae genomes. Conclusion We describe the first genome-wide analysis of C. elegans DHSs, and show that the distribution of DHSs is strongly associated with functional elements in the genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baochen Shi
- Bioinformatics Laboratory and National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China.
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Serglycin proteoglycan deletion induces defects in platelet aggregation and thrombus formation in mice. Blood 2007; 111:3458-67. [PMID: 18094327 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2007-07-104703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Serglycin (SG), the hematopoietic cell secretory granule proteoglycan, is crucial for storage of specific secretory proteins in mast cells, neutrophils, and cytotoxic T lymphocytes. We addressed the role of SG in platelets using SG-/- mice. Wild-type (WT) but not SG-/- platelets contained chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans. Electron microscopy revealed normal alpha-granule structure in SG-/- platelets. However, SG-/- platelets and megakaryocytes contained unusual scroll-like membranous inclusions, and SG-/- megakaryocytes showed extensive emperipolesis of neutrophils. SG-/- platelets had reduced ability to aggregate in response to low concentrations of collagen or PAR4 thrombin receptor agonist AYPGKF, and reduced fibrinogen binding after AYPGKF, but aggregated normally to ADP. 3H-serotonin and ATP secretion were greatly reduced in SG-/- platelets. The alpha-granule proteins platelet factor 4, beta-thromboglobulin, and platelet-derived growth factor were profoundly reduced in SG-/- platelets. Exposure of P-selectin and alphaIIb after thrombin treatment was similar in WT and SG-/- platelets. SG-/- mice exhibited reduced carotid artery thrombus formation after exposure to FeCl3. This study demonstrates that SG is crucial for platelet function and thrombus formation. We propose that SG-/- platelet function deficiencies are related to inadequate packaging and secretion of selected alpha-granule proteins and reduced secretion of dense granule contents critical for platelet activation.
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Niemann CU, Cowland JB, Klausen P, Askaa J, Calafat J, Borregaard N. Localization of serglycin in human neutrophil granulocytes and their precursors. J Leukoc Biol 2004; 76:406-15. [PMID: 15136585 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.1003502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Serglycin is a major proteoglycan of hematopoietic cells. It is thought to play a role in the packaging of granule proteins in human neutrophil granulocytes. The presence of serglycin in myeloid cells has been demonstrated only at the transcriptional level. We generated a polyclonal antibody against recombinant human serglycin. Here, we show the localization of serglycin in humans during neutrophil differentiation. Immunocytochemistry revealed serglycin immunoreactivity in the Golgi area of promyelocytes (PM) and myelocytes (MC), as well as in a few band cells and mature neutrophil granulocytes. Granular staining was detected near the Golgi apparatus in some of the PM, and the major part of the cytoplasm was negative. Immunoelectron microscopy showed serglycin immunoreactivity located to the Golgi apparatus and a few immature granules of PM and MC. The decreasing level of serglycin protein during myeloid differentiation coincided with a decrease of mRNA expression, as evaluated by Northern blotting. Subcellular fractions of neutrophil granulocytes were obtained. Serglycin immunoreactivity was detected in the fraction containing Golgi apparatus, plasma membrane, and secretory vesicles by Western blotting and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Serglycin was not detected in subcellular fractions containing primary, secondary, or tertiary granules. Together, these findings indicate that serglycin is located to the Golgi apparatus and a few immature granules during neutrophil differentiation. This is consistent with a function for serglycin in formation of granules in neutrophil granulocytes. Our findings contrast the view that native serglycin is present in mature granules and plays a role in packaging and regulating the activity of proteolytic enzymes there.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Utoft Niemann
- Rigshospitalet, Department of Haematology, Granulocytlaboratoriet, Building 9322, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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