1
|
Yao M, Wang R, Chen Y, He P, Wei E, Zhu F, Wang Q, Zhang Y, Tang X, Shen Z. Identification and subcellular localization analysis of CCTα in microsporidian Nosema bombycis. INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2022; 102:105309. [PMID: 35636694 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2022.105309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
CCT is a chaperonin which is widely present in eukaryotic cells and mainly involves in the folding and assembly of cytoskeletal proteins β-tubulin and actin. The alpha subunit of CCT(CCTα) plays a pivotal role in the folding and assembly of cytoskeletal protein(s) as an individuals or complexes. In this study, we report cloning, characterization and expression of the CCTα of Nosema bombycis (NbCCTα) for the first time. The NbCCTα gene contains a complete ORF of 1629 bp in length that encodes a 542-amino acid polypeptide. The NbCCTα is 59.662 kDa molecular weight in size with an isoelectric point (pI) of 5.81, no signal peptide or transmembrane domain. The IFA results showed that the NbCCTα was co-localized with actin and β-tubulin in the cytoplasm, nucleus, nuclear membrane and plasma membrane of N. bombycis in the process of proliferation. qPCR analysis showed that the relative expression level of NbCCTα increased from 24 h to 96 h post-infection (hp.i) of N. bombycis, and reached the highest at 96 hp.i. The relative expression level of NbCCTα gene after RNAi was restrained at a low level from 48 hp.i to 96 hp.i. Knockdown of NbCCTα gene down-regulated the expression of Nbβ-tubulin and Nbactin genes. These results imply that NbCCTα may play an important role in the lifecycle of N. bombycis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingshuai Yao
- Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212018, Jiangsu Province, China; Jiangsu Collage of Tourism, Yangzhou 215000, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Runpeng Wang
- Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212018, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212018, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ping He
- Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212018, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Erjun Wei
- Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212018, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Feng Zhu
- College of Life Sciences, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang 277160, Shandong Province, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212018, Jiangsu Province, China; Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang 212018, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yiling Zhang
- Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212018, Jiangsu Province, China; Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang 212018, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xudong Tang
- Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212018, Jiangsu Province, China; Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang 212018, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhongyuan Shen
- Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212018, Jiangsu Province, China; Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang 212018, Jiangsu Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Batinovic S, McHugh E, Chisholm SA, Matthews K, Liu B, Dumont L, Charnaud SC, Schneider MP, Gilson PR, de Koning-Ward TF, Dixon MWA, Tilley L. An exported protein-interacting complex involved in the trafficking of virulence determinants in Plasmodium-infected erythrocytes. Nat Commun 2017; 8:16044. [PMID: 28691708 PMCID: PMC5508133 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms16044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum, displays the P. falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1 (PfEMP1) on the surface of infected red blood cells (RBCs). We here examine the physical organization of PfEMP1 trafficking intermediates in infected RBCs and determine interacting partners using an epitope-tagged minimal construct (PfEMP1B). We show that parasitophorous vacuole (PV)-located PfEMP1B interacts with components of the PTEX (Plasmodium Translocon of EXported proteins) as well as a novel protein complex, EPIC (Exported Protein-Interacting Complex). Within the RBC cytoplasm PfEMP1B interacts with components of the Maurer’s clefts and the RBC chaperonin complex. We define the EPIC interactome and, using an inducible knockdown approach, show that depletion of one of its components, the parasitophorous vacuolar protein-1 (PV1), results in altered knob morphology, reduced cell rigidity and decreased binding to CD36. Accordingly, we show that deletion of the Plasmodium berghei homologue of PV1 is associated with attenuation of parasite virulence in vivo. Plasmodium-infected red blood cells export virulence factors, such as PfEMP1, to the cell surface. Here, the authors identify a protein complex termed EPIC that interacts with PfEMP1 during export, and they show that knockdown of an EPIC component affects parasite virulence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steven Batinovic
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Emma McHugh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Scott A Chisholm
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3220, Australia
| | - Kathryn Matthews
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3220, Australia
| | - Boiyin Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Laure Dumont
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Sarah C Charnaud
- Macfarlane Burnet Institute for Medical Research and Public Health, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
| | - Molly Parkyn Schneider
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Paul R Gilson
- Macfarlane Burnet Institute for Medical Research and Public Health, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
| | | | - Matthew W A Dixon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Leann Tilley
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Spillman NJ, Beck JR, Ganesan SM, Niles JC, Goldberg DE. The chaperonin TRiC forms an oligomeric complex in the malaria parasite cytosol. Cell Microbiol 2017; 19. [PMID: 28067475 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.12719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The malaria parasite exports numerous proteins into its host red blood cell (RBC). The trafficking of these exported effectors is complex. Proteins are first routed through the secretory system, into the parasitophorous vacuole (PV), a membranous compartment enclosing the parasite. Proteins are then translocated across the PV membrane in a process requiring ATP and unfolding. Once in the RBC compartment the exported proteins are then refolded and further trafficked to their final localizations. Chaperones are important in the unfolding and refolding processes. Recently, it was suggested that the parasite TRiC chaperonin complex is exported, and that it is involved in trafficking of exported effectors. Using a parasite-specific antibody and epitope-tagged transgenic parasites we could observe no export of Plasmodium TRiC into the RBC. We tested the importance of the parasite TRiC by creating a regulatable knockdown line of the TRiC-θ subunit. Loss of the parasite TRiC-θ led to a severe growth defect in asexual development, but did not alter protein export into the RBC. These observations indicate that the TRiC proteins play a critical role in parasite biology, though their function, within the parasite, appears unrelated to protein trafficking in the RBC compartment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalie J Spillman
- Departments of Medicine and Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, 63110, USA
| | - Josh R Beck
- Departments of Medicine and Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, 63110, USA
| | - Suresh M Ganesan
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139, USA
| | - Jacquin C Niles
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139, USA
| | - Daniel E Goldberg
- Departments of Medicine and Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, 63110, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Louis YD, Bhagooli R, Kenkel CD, Baker AC, Dyall SD. Gene expression biomarkers of heat stress in scleractinian corals: Promises and limitations. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2017; 191:63-77. [PMID: 27585119 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2016.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2016] [Revised: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Gene expression biomarkers (GEBs) are emerging as powerful diagnostic tools for identifying and characterizing coral stress. Their capacity to detect sublethal stress prior to the onset of signs at the organismal level that might already indicate significant damage makes them more precise and proactive compared to traditional monitoring techniques. A high number of candidate GEBs, including certain heat shock protein genes, metabolic genes, oxidative stress genes, immune response genes, ion transport genes, and structural genes have been investigated, and some genes, including hsp16, Cacna1, MnSOD, SLC26, and Nf-kB, are already showing excellent potential as reliable indicators of thermal stress in corals. In this mini-review, we synthesize the current state of knowledge of scleractinian coral GEBs and highlight gaps in our understanding that identify directions for future work. We also address the underlying sources of variation that have sometimes led to contrasting results between studies, such as differences in experimental set-up and approach, intrinsic variation in the expression profiles of different experimental organisms (such as between different colonies or their algal symbionts), diel cycles, varying thermal history, and different expression thresholds. Despite advances in our understanding there is still no universally accepted biomarker of thermal stress, the molecular response of corals to heat stress is still unclear, and biomarker research in Symbiodinium still lags behind that of the host. These gaps should be addressed in future work.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yohan D Louis
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Science, University of Mauritius, Réduit 80837, Mauritius
| | - Ranjeet Bhagooli
- Department of Marine & Ocean Science, Fisheries & Mariculture, Faculty of Ocean Studies, University of Mauritius, Réduit 80837, Mauritius.
| | - Carly D Kenkel
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, PMB No. 3, Townsville MC, QLD 4810, Australia
| | - Andrew C Baker
- Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, 4600 Rickenbacker Cswy., Miami, FL, USA
| | - Sabrina D Dyall
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Science, University of Mauritius, Réduit 80837, Mauritius
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Gonçalves J, Tavares A, Carvalhal S, Soares H. Revisiting the tubulin folding pathway: new roles in centrosomes and cilia. Biomol Concepts 2015; 1:423-34. [PMID: 25962015 DOI: 10.1515/bmc.2010.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Centrosomes and cilia are critical eukaryotic organelles which have been in the spotlight in recent years given their implication in a myriad of cellular and developmental processes. Despite their recognized importance and intense study, there are still many open questions about their biogenesis and function. In the present article, we review the existing data concerning members of the tubulin folding pathway and related proteins, which have been identified at centrosomes and cilia and were shown to have unexpected roles in these structures.
Collapse
|
6
|
Sharma S, Zingde SM, Gokhale SM. Identification of human erythrocyte cytosolic proteins associated with plasma membrane during thermal stress. J Membr Biol 2013; 246:591-607. [PMID: 23774970 DOI: 10.1007/s00232-013-9569-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2013] [Accepted: 05/31/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The influence of thermal stress on the association between human erythrocyte membranes and cytosolic proteins was studied by exposing erythrocyte suspensions and whole blood to different elevated temperatures. Membranes and cytosolic proteins from unheated and heat-stressed erythrocytes were analyzed by electrophoresis, followed by mass spectrometric identification. Four major (carbonic anhydrase I, carbonic anhydrase II, peroxiredoxin VI, flavin reductase) and some minor (heat shock protein 90α, heat shock protein 70, α-enolase, peptidylprolyl cis-trans isomerase A) cytosolic proteins were found to be associated with the erythrocyte membrane in response to in vitro thermal stress. Unlike the above proteins, catalase and peroxiredoxin II were associated with membranes from unheated erythrocytes, and their content increased in the membrane following heat stress. The heat-induced association of cytosolic proteins was restricted to the Triton shells (membrane skeleton/cytoskeleton). Similar results were observed when Triton shells derived from unheated erythrocyte membranes were incubated with an unheated erythrocyte cytosolic fraction at elevated temperatures. This is a first report on the association of cytosolic catalase, α-enolase, peroxiredoxin VI, peroxiredoxin II and peptidylprolyl cis-trans isomerase A to the membrane or membrane skeleton of erythrocytes under heat stress. From these results, it is concluded that specific cytosolic proteins are translocated to the membrane in human erythrocytes exposed to heat stress and they may play a novel role as erythrocyte membrane protectors under stress by stabilizing the membrane skeleton through their interactions with skeletal proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Savita Sharma
- School of Biochemistry, Devi Ahilya University, Khandwa Road, Indore, 452017, India
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Seixas C, Cruto T, Tavares A, Gaertig J, Soares H. CCTalpha and CCTdelta chaperonin subunits are essential and required for cilia assembly and maintenance in Tetrahymena. PLoS One 2010; 5:e10704. [PMID: 20502701 PMCID: PMC2872681 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0010704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2010] [Accepted: 04/23/2010] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The eukaryotic cytosolic chaperonin CCT is a hetero-oligomeric complex formed by two rings connected back-to-back, each composed of eight distinct subunits (CCTα to CCTζ). CCT complex mediates the folding, of a wide range of newly synthesised proteins including tubulin (α, β and γ) and actin, as quantitatively major substrates. Methodology/Principal Findings We disrupted the genes encoding CCTα and CCTδ subunits in the ciliate Tetrahymena. Cells lacking the zygotic expression of either CCTα or CCTδ showed a loss of cell body microtubules, failed to assemble new cilia and died within 2 cell cycles. We also show that loss of CCT subunit activity leads to axoneme shortening and splaying of tips of axonemal microtubules. An epitope-tagged CCTα rescued the gene knockout phenotype and localized primarily to the tips of cilia. A mutation in CCTα, G346E, at a residue also present in the related protein implicated in the Bardet Biedel Syndrome, BBS6, also caused defects in cilia and impaired CCTα localization in cilia. Conclusions/Significance Our results demonstrate that the CCT subunits are essential and required for ciliary assembly and maintenance of axoneme structure, especially at the tips of cilia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Seixas
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal
- Department of Cellular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Teresa Cruto
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal
| | | | - Jacek Gaertig
- Department of Cellular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Helena Soares
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal
- Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Xu P, Crawford M, Way M, Godovac-Zimmermann J, Segal AW, Radulovic M. Subproteome analysis of the neutrophil cytoskeleton. Proteomics 2009; 9:2037-49. [PMID: 19294702 PMCID: PMC4261606 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200800674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2008] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils play a key role in the early host-defense mechanisms due to their capacity to migrate into inflamed tissues and phagocytose microorganisms. The cytoskeleton has an essential role in these neutrophil functions, however, its composition is still poorly understood. We separately analyzed different cytoskeletal compartments: cytosolic skeleton, phagosome membrane skeleton, and plasma membrane skeleton. Using a proteomic approach, 138 nonredundant proteins were identified. Proteins not previously known to associate with the skeleton were: n-acetylglucosamine kinase, phosphoglycerate mutase 1, prohibitin, ficolin-1, phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, glucosidase, transketolase, major vault protein, valosin-containing protein, aldehyde dehydrogenase, and lung cancer-related protein-8 (LCRP8). The majority of these proteins can be classified as energy metabolism enzymes. Such a finding was interesting because neutrophil energy metabolism is unusual, mainly relying on glycolysis. The enrichment of phosphoglycerate mutase in cytosolic skeleton was additionally indicated by the use of Western blotting. This is the broadest subcellular investigation to date of the neutrophil cytoskeletal proteome and the first proteomic analysis in any cell type of the phagosome skeleton. The association of metabolic enzymes with cytoskeleton is suggestive of the importance of their localized enrichment and macromolecular organization in neutrophils.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ping Xu
- Centre for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, The Rayne Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Mark Crawford
- Centre for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, The Rayne Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Michael Way
- Cell Motility Group, Cancer Research UK, Lincoln’s Inn Field Laboratories, London, UK
| | - Jasminka Godovac-Zimmermann
- Centre for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, The Rayne Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Anthony W. Segal
- Centre for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, The Rayne Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|