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Das AK, Biswas SC. Cdc25A phosphatase is activated and mediates neuronal cell death by PUMA via pRb/E2F1 pathway in a model of Parkinson's disease. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2024; 1871:119848. [PMID: 39305937 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2024.119848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2024] [Revised: 08/26/2024] [Accepted: 09/11/2024] [Indexed: 09/27/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a predominant movement disorder caused mainly due to selective loss of the dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta of the mid brain. There is currently no cure for PD barring treatments to manage symptoms. The reasons might be due to lack of precise understanding of molecular mechanisms leading to neurodegeneration. Aberrant cell cycle activation has been implicated in neuronal death pathways of various neurodegenerative diseases including PD. This study investigates the role of cell cycle regulator Cell division cycle 25A (Cdc25A) in a PD-relevant neuron death model induced by 6-OHDA treatment. We find Cdc25A is rapidly elevated, activated and is playing a key role in neuron death by regulating Rb phosphorylation and E2F1 activity. Knockdown of Cdc25A via shRNA downregulates the levels of pro-apoptotic PUMA, an E2F1 target and cleaved Caspase-3 levels, suggesting Cdc25A may regulate neuronal apoptosis through these effectors. Our work sheds light on the intricate signaling networks involved in neurodegeneration and highlights Cdc25A as a potential therapeutic target for mitigating aberrant cell cycle re-entry underlying PD pathogenesis. These novel insights into molecular mechanisms provide a foundation for future development of neuroprotective strategies to slow or prevent progression of this debilitating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anoy Kumar Das
- Cell Biology and Physiology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Subhas C Biswas
- Cell Biology and Physiology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India.
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2
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Franco-Juárez EX, González-Villasana V, Camacho-Moll ME, Rendón-Garlant L, Ramírez-Flores PN, Silva-Ramírez B, Peñuelas-Urquides K, Cabello-Ruiz ED, Castorena-Torres F, Bermúdez de León M. Mechanistic Insights about Sorafenib-, Valproic Acid- and Metformin-Induced Cell Death in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1760. [PMID: 38339037 PMCID: PMC10855535 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is among the main causes of death by cancer worldwide, representing about 80-90% of all liver cancers. Treatments available for advanced HCC include atezolizumab, bevacizumab, sorafenib, among others. Atezolizumab and bevacizumab are immunological options recently incorporated into first-line treatments, along with sorafenib, for which great treatment achievements have been reached. However, sorafenib resistance is developed in most patients, and therapeutical combinations targeting cancer hallmark mechanisms and intracellular signaling have been proposed. In this review, we compiled evidence of the mechanisms of cell death caused by sorafenib administered alone or in combination with valproic acid and metformin and discussed them from a molecular perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar Xchel Franco-Juárez
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Noreste, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Monterrey 64720, Nuevo Leon, Mexico; (E.X.F.-J.); (M.E.C.-M.); (P.N.R.-F.); (K.P.-U.)
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza 66451, Nuevo Leon, Mexico; (V.G.-V.); (L.R.-G.); (E.D.C.-R.)
| | - Vianey González-Villasana
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza 66451, Nuevo Leon, Mexico; (V.G.-V.); (L.R.-G.); (E.D.C.-R.)
| | - María Elena Camacho-Moll
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Noreste, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Monterrey 64720, Nuevo Leon, Mexico; (E.X.F.-J.); (M.E.C.-M.); (P.N.R.-F.); (K.P.-U.)
| | - Luisa Rendón-Garlant
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza 66451, Nuevo Leon, Mexico; (V.G.-V.); (L.R.-G.); (E.D.C.-R.)
| | - Patricia Nefertari Ramírez-Flores
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Noreste, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Monterrey 64720, Nuevo Leon, Mexico; (E.X.F.-J.); (M.E.C.-M.); (P.N.R.-F.); (K.P.-U.)
- Tecnológico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Monterrey 64710, Nuevo Leon, Mexico;
| | - Beatriz Silva-Ramírez
- Departamento de Inmunogenética, Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Noreste, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Monterrey 64720, Nuevo Leon, Mexico;
| | - Katia Peñuelas-Urquides
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Noreste, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Monterrey 64720, Nuevo Leon, Mexico; (E.X.F.-J.); (M.E.C.-M.); (P.N.R.-F.); (K.P.-U.)
| | - Ethel Daniela Cabello-Ruiz
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza 66451, Nuevo Leon, Mexico; (V.G.-V.); (L.R.-G.); (E.D.C.-R.)
| | - Fabiola Castorena-Torres
- Tecnológico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Monterrey 64710, Nuevo Leon, Mexico;
| | - Mario Bermúdez de León
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Noreste, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Monterrey 64720, Nuevo Leon, Mexico; (E.X.F.-J.); (M.E.C.-M.); (P.N.R.-F.); (K.P.-U.)
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3
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Takeuchi H, Koga M, Doi K, Sakurai H. PP2A and its adapter protein IER5 induce the DNA-binding ability and target gene expression of E2F1 via dephosphorylation at serine 375. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2023; 1866:194960. [PMID: 37467925 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2023.194960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
The transcription factor E2F1 participates in cell cycle control through transcriptional activation of genes that promote S-phase entry. E2F1 is also linked to the expression of proapoptotic genes, and the loss of E2F1 activity facilitates tumor progression by reducing cellular apoptosis. Phosphorylation controlled by protein kinases and phosphatases is the major posttranslational modification and regulates the cellular levels and transactivator function of E2F1. Here, we characterize the regulatory roles of serine-375 (S375), one of the major phosphorylation sites of E2F1. Cyclin-dependent kinases such as CDK8 phosphorylate at S375 of E2F1, which is dephosphorylated by protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) containing the B55 regulatory subunit. The PP2A adapter protein IER5 binds to both PP2A/B55 and E2F1 and assists dephosphorylation at S375 by PP2A. S375-dephosphorylated E2F1 exhibits higher DNA-binding affinity than the phosphorylated form. Although the promoter regions of proapoptotic genes are less occupied by E2F1 in cells, an increase in S375-dephosphorylated E2F1 induces preferential binding of E2F1 to the proapoptotic gene promoters and their expression. Our data identify PP2A/B55-IER5 as a critical regulator of E2F1 and suggest that the phosphorylation state of E2F1 is an important determinant for the expression of proapoptotic genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroto Takeuchi
- Division of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, 5-11-80 Kodatsuno, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-0942, Japan
| | - Mayuko Koga
- Division of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, 5-11-80 Kodatsuno, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-0942, Japan
| | - Kuriko Doi
- Division of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, 5-11-80 Kodatsuno, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-0942, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Sakurai
- Division of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, 5-11-80 Kodatsuno, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-0942, Japan.
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4
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Sarkar A, Paul A, Banerjee T, Maji A, Saha S, Bishayee A, Maity TK. Therapeutic advancements in targeting BCL-2 family proteins by epigenetic regulators, natural, and synthetic agents in cancer. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 944:175588. [PMID: 36791843 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is amongst the deadliest and most disruptive disorders, having a much higher death rate than other diseases worldwide. Human cancer rates continue to rise, thereby posing the most significant concerns for medical health professionals. In the last two decades, researchers have gone past several milestones in tackling cancer while gaining insight into the role of apoptosis in cancer or targeting various biomarker tools for prognosis and diagnosis. Apoptosis which is still a topic full of complexities, can be controlled considerably by B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL-2) and its family members. Therefore, targeting proteins of this family to prevent tumorigenesis, is essential to focus on the pharmacological features of the anti-apoptotic and pro-apoptotic members, which will help to develop and manage this disorder. This review deals with the advancements of various epigenetic regulators to target BCL-2 family proteins, including the mechanism of several microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). Similarly, a rise in natural and synthetic molecules' research over the last two decades has allowed us to acquire insights into understanding and managing the transcriptional alterations that have led to apoptosis and treating various neoplastic diseases. Furthermore, several inhibitors targeting anti-apoptotic proteins and inducers or activators targeting pro-apoptotic proteins in preclinical and clinical stages have been summarized. Overall, agonistic and antagonistic mechanisms of BCL-2 family proteins conciliated by epigenetic regulators, natural and synthetic agents have proven to be an excellent choice in developing cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnab Sarkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, West Bengal, Kolkata, 700032, India.
| | - Abhik Paul
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, West Bengal, Kolkata, 700032, India.
| | - Tanmoy Banerjee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, West Bengal, Kolkata, 700032, India.
| | - Avik Maji
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, West Bengal, Kolkata, 700032, India.
| | - Sanjukta Saha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, West Bengal, Kolkata, 700032, India.
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL, 34211, USA.
| | - Tapan Kumar Maity
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, West Bengal, Kolkata, 700032, India.
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5
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Zhao X, Fang K, Liu X, Yao R, Wang M, Li F, Hao S, He J, Wang Y, Fan M, Huang W, Li Y, Gao C, Lin C, Luo Z. QSER1 preserves the suppressive status of the pro-apoptotic genes to prevent apoptosis. Cell Death Differ 2023; 30:779-793. [PMID: 36371602 PMCID: PMC9984391 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-022-01085-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of the pro-apoptotic genes by the p53 family is a critical step in induction of apoptosis. However, the molecular signaling underlying their suppression remains largely unknown. Here, we report a general role of QSER1 in preventing apoptosis. QSER1 is widely up-regulated in multiple cancers, and its up-regulation correlates with poor clinic outcomes. QSER1 knockdown significantly promotes apoptosis in both p53 wild type and mutant cancer cells. Interestingly, we show that QSER1 and p53 occupy distinct cis-regulatory regions in a common subset of the pro-apoptotic genes, and function antagonistically to maintain their proper expression. Furthermore, we identify a key regulatory DNA element named QSER1 binding site in PUMA (QBP). Deletion of QBP de-represses PUMA and induces apoptosis. Mechanistically, QSER1 functions together with SIN3A to suppress PUMA in a p53-dependent and -independent manner, suggesting that QSER1 inhibition might be a potential therapeutic strategy to induce apoptosis in cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiru Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, School of Life Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Ke Fang
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, School of Life Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Xiaoxu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, School of Life Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Ruihuan Yao
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, School of Life Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Min Wang
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, School of Life Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Fanfan Li
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, School of Life Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Shaohua Hao
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, School of Life Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Jingjing He
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, School of Life Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, School of Life Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Menghan Fan
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, School of Life Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yiping Li
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Chun Gao
- Department of Gastroenterology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Chengqi Lin
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, School of Life Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China.
- Shenzhen Research Institute, Southeast University, 19 Gaoxin South 4th Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518063, China.
- Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research, School of Life Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China.
| | - Zhuojuan Luo
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, School of Life Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China.
- Shenzhen Research Institute, Southeast University, 19 Gaoxin South 4th Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518063, China.
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China.
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6
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Yu J, Li S, Shen S, Zhou Q, Yin J, Zhao R, Tan J, Jiang C, He Y. The transcript NR 134251.1 of lncRNA APTR with an opposite function to all transcripts inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis by regulating proliferation and apoptosis-related genes. Hum Exp Toxicol 2023; 42:9603271221150247. [PMID: 36595232 DOI: 10.1177/09603271221150247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) exposure has been a global public health concern for hundreds of millions worldwide. LncRNA APTR (Alu-mediated p21 transcriptional regulator) plays an essential role in tumor growth and development. However, its function in arsenic-induced toxicological responses is still unknown. In this study, we found that the expressions of all transcripts and the transcript NR 134251.1 of APTR were increased in a dose-dependent manner in 16HBE cells treated with sodium arsenite (NaAsO2). Silencing the transcript NR 134251.1 of APTR inhibited cell proliferation and induced apoptosis. However, silencing all transcripts of APTR had the opposite function to the transcript NR 134251.1. Then we examined the protein level of the proliferation and apoptosis-related genes after silencing the transcript NR 134251.1 of APTR. The results showed that silencing the transcript NR 134251.1 of APTR up-regulated the expression of transcription factor E2F1 and regulated its downstream genes involved in proliferation and apoptosis, including p53, phospho-p53-S392, phospho-p53-T55, p21, Cyclin D1, PUMA, Fas, Bim, BIK, Caspase-3, Caspase-7, and Cyt-c. In conclusion, arsenic induced APTR expression and the transcript NR 134251.1 of APTR have an opposite function to all transcripts, providing a theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of arsenic exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyi Yu
- School of Public Health, 71240Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Shuting Li
- School of Public Health, 71240Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Simin Shen
- Pain Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Qian Zhou
- School of Public Health, 71240Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Jinyao Yin
- School of Public Health, 71240Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Ruihuan Zhao
- School of Public Health, 71240Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Jingwen Tan
- School of Public Health, 71240Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Chenglan Jiang
- School of Public Health, 71240Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yuefeng He
- School of Public Health, 71240Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
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7
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Li S, Gao L, Liu J, Guo C, Zheng J, Zhi K, Ren W. The microRNA-10b-Bim axis promotes cancer progression through activating autophagy in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Cell Death Dis 2022; 8:373. [PMID: 36008375 PMCID: PMC9411559 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-022-01168-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is related to many cellular mechanisms and dysregulation of autophagy involves the pathological process in cancer. miR-10b activates autophagy, which promotes invasion and migration of OSCC. Its functional role in the mechanism of OSCC to autophagy remains to be unclear. Overexpression of miR-10b was followed by enhanced OSCC invasion and migration and activated autophagic protein, such as LC3II/ATG5. MiR-10b attracted Bim directly according to the Bio-informatics analyses and double luciferases reporter assays. Functional experiments further revealed that miR-10b could promote invasion and migration in vitro. In addition, miR-10b induced autophagy via inhibiting Bim in invasion and migration of OSCC. Notably, animal experiments confirmed that miR-10b-Bim promoted proliferation and autophagy in OSCC. In addition, this study provides a theoretical support for regulating the mechanism of OSCC by inducing autophagy with miR-10b-Bim as a target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoming Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No.1677 Wutaishan Road, Qingdao, 266555, China.,School of Stomatology of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Ling Gao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No.1677 Wutaishan Road, Qingdao, 266555, China.,Key Lab of Oral Clinical Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266555, China
| | - Jiacheng Liu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No.1677 Wutaishan Road, Qingdao, 266555, China.,School of Stomatology of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Chao Guo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No.1677 Wutaishan Road, Qingdao, 266555, China.,School of Stomatology of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Jingjing Zheng
- Department of Endodontics, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266555, China
| | - Keqian Zhi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No.1677 Wutaishan Road, Qingdao, 266555, China. .,Key Lab of Oral Clinical Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266555, China.
| | - Wenhao Ren
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No.1677 Wutaishan Road, Qingdao, 266555, China. .,Key Lab of Oral Clinical Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266555, China.
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8
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Catlin JP, Marziali LN, Rein B, Yan Z, Feltri ML, Schaner Tooley CE. Age-related neurodegeneration and cognitive impairments of NRMT1 knockout mice are preceded by misregulation of RB and abnormal neural stem cell development. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:1014. [PMID: 34711807 PMCID: PMC8553844 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04316-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
N-terminal methylation is an important posttranslational modification that regulates protein/DNA interactions and plays a role in many cellular processes, including DNA damage repair, mitosis, and transcriptional regulation. Our generation of a constitutive knockout mouse for the N-terminal methyltransferase NRMT1 demonstrated its loss results in severe developmental abnormalities and premature aging phenotypes. As premature aging is often accompanied by neurodegeneration, we more specifically examined how NRMT1 loss affects neural pathology and cognitive behaviors. Here we find that Nrmt1-/- mice exhibit postnatal enlargement of the lateral ventricles, age-dependent striatal and hippocampal neurodegeneration, memory impairments, and hyperactivity. These morphological and behavior abnormalities are preceded by alterations in neural stem cell (NSC) development. Early expansion and differentiation of the quiescent NSC pool in Nrmt1-/- mice is followed by its subsequent depletion and many of the resulting neurons remain in the cell cycle and ultimately undergo apoptosis. These cell cycle phenotypes are reminiscent to those seen with loss of the NRMT1 target retinoblastoma protein (RB). Accordingly, we find misregulation of RB phosphorylation and degradation in Nrmt1-/- mice, and significant de-repression of RB target genes involved in cell cycle. We also identify novel de-repression of Noxa, an RB target gene that promotes apoptosis. These data identify Nα-methylation as a novel regulatory modification of RB transcriptional repression during neurogenesis and indicate that NRMT1 and RB work together to promote NSC quiescence and prevent neuronal apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- James P Catlin
- Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
| | - Leandro N Marziali
- Departments of Biochemistry and Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Hunter James Kelly Research Institute, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
| | - Benjamin Rein
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
| | - Zhen Yan
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
| | - M Laura Feltri
- Departments of Biochemistry and Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Hunter James Kelly Research Institute, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
| | - Christine E Schaner Tooley
- Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA.
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9
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Stress Relief Techniques: p38 MAPK Determines the Balance of Cell Cycle and Apoptosis Pathways. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11101444. [PMID: 34680077 PMCID: PMC8533283 DOI: 10.3390/biom11101444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein signaling networks are formed from diverse and inter-connected cell signaling pathways converging into webs of function and regulation. These signaling pathways both receive and conduct molecular messages, often by a series of post-translation modifications such as phosphorylation or through protein-protein interactions via intrinsic motifs. The mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are components of kinase cascades that transmit signals through phosphorylation. There are several MAPK subfamilies, and one subfamily is the stress-activated protein kinases, which in mammals is the p38 family. The p38 enzymes mediate a variety of cellular outcomes including DNA repair, cell survival/cell fate decisions, and cell cycle arrest. The cell cycle is itself a signaling system that precisely controls DNA replication, chromosome segregation, and cellular division. Another indispensable cell function influenced by the p38 stress response is programmed cell death (apoptosis). As the regulators of cell survival, the BCL2 family of proteins and their dynamics are exquisitely sensitive to cell stress. The BCL2 family forms a protein-protein interaction network divided into anti-apoptotic and pro-apoptotic members, and the balance of binding between these two sides determines cell survival. Here, we discuss the intersections among the p38 MAPK, cell cycle, and apoptosis signaling pathways.
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10
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Manne RK, Agrawal Y, Malonia SK, Banday S, Edachery S, Patel A, Kumar A, Shetty P, Santra MK. FBXL20 promotes breast cancer malignancy by inhibiting apoptosis through degradation of PUMA and BAX. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:101253. [PMID: 34587475 PMCID: PMC8507197 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis is a programmed cell death that efficiently removes damaged cells to maintain tissue homeostasis. Defect in apoptotic machinery can lead to tumor development, progression, and resistance to chemotherapy. PUMA (p53 upregulated modulator of apoptosis) and BAX (BCL2-associated X protein) are among the most well-known inducers of apoptosis. It has been reported that expression levels of BAX and PUMA are controlled at the posttranslational level by phosphorylation. However, the posttranslational regulation of these proapoptotic proteins remains largely unexplored. In this study, using biochemical, molecular biology, flow cytometric, and immunohistochemistry techniques, we show that PUMA and BAX are the direct target of the F-box protein FBXL20, which restricts their cellular levels. FBXL20 directs the proteasomal degradation of PUMA and BAX in a protein kinase AKT1-dependent manner to promote cancer cell proliferation and tumor growth. Interestingly, inactivation of AKT1 results in activation of another protein kinase GSK3α/β, which facilitates the proteasomal degradation of FBXL20 by another F-box protein, FBXO31. Thus, a switch between two signaling kinases AKT1 and GSK3α/β modulates the functional activity of these proapoptotic regulators, thereby determining cell survival or death. RNAi-mediated ablation of FBXL20 results in increased levels of PUMA as well as BAX, which further enhances the sensitivity of cancer cells to chemotherapeutic drugs. We showed that high level expression of FBXL20 in cancer cells reduces therapeutic drug-induced apoptosis and promotes chemoresistance. Overall, this study highlights the importance of targeting FBXL20 in cancers in conjunction with chemotherapy and may represent a promising anticancer strategy to overcome chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Kumar Manne
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Laboratory, National Centre for Cell Science, Pune, Maharashtra, India; Department of Biotechnology, S.P. Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Yashika Agrawal
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Laboratory, National Centre for Cell Science, Pune, Maharashtra, India; Department of Biotechnology, S.P. Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sunil K Malonia
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Shahid Banday
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sarathkumar Edachery
- Department of Biochemistry, K. S. Hegde Medical Academy, Nitte University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Asha Patel
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Laboratory, National Centre for Cell Science, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Avinash Kumar
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Laboratory, National Centre for Cell Science, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Praveenkumar Shetty
- Department of Biochemistry, K. S. Hegde Medical Academy, Nitte University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Manas Kumar Santra
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Laboratory, National Centre for Cell Science, Pune, Maharashtra, India.
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11
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Nakajima W, Miyazaki K, Asano Y, Kubota S, Tanaka N. Krüppel-Like Factor 4 and Its Activator APTO-253 Induce NOXA-Mediated, p53-Independent Apoptosis in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12040539. [PMID: 33918002 PMCID: PMC8068402 DOI: 10.3390/genes12040539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Inducing apoptosis is an effective treatment for cancer. Conventional cytotoxic anticancer agents induce apoptosis primarily through activation of tumor suppressor p53 by causing DNA damage and the resulting regulation of B-cell leukemia/lymphoma-2 (BCL-2) family proteins. Therefore, the effects of these agents are limited in cancers where p53 loss-of-function mutations are common, such as triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Here, we demonstrate that ultraviolet (UV) light-induced p53-independent transcriptional activation of NOXA, a proapoptotic factor in the BCL-2 family, results in apoptosis induction. This UV light-induced NOXA expression was triggered by extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activity. Moreover, we identified the specific UV light-inducible DNA element of the NOXA promoter and found that this sequence is responsible for transcription factor Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4)-mediated induction. In p53-mutated TNBC cells, inhibition of KLF4 by RNA interference reduced NOXA expression. Furthermore, treatment of TNBC cells with a KLF4-inducing small compound, APTO-253, resulted in the induction of NOXA expression and NOXA-mediated apoptosis. Therefore, our results help to clarify the molecular mechanism of DNA damage-induced apoptosis and provide support for a possible treatment method for p53-mutated cancers.
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12
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Xin W, Gao X, Zhao P, Wang T, Ding X, Wu Q, Hua K. Long non-coding RNA RP11-379k17.4 derived microRNA-200c-3p modulates human endometrial cancer by targeting Noxa. J Cancer 2021; 12:2268-2274. [PMID: 33758604 PMCID: PMC7974877 DOI: 10.7150/jca.51023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The research paid close attention to the function of lncRNA-related endogenous competitive RNAs (ceRNAs) network in endometrial cancer (EC). Methods: 45 primary endometrial cancer tissues (EC) and 45 normal endometrium (NE) were included in the research. The online software StarbaseV2.0 was made use of forecasting the lncRNA which most likely contained microRNA-200c-3p combining sites and could interact with microRNA-200c-3p. Subsequently, we chose lncRNAs which were consistent with the characteristics of polyadenylation of lncRNAs and lower expression in EC than that of NE. After that, lncRNAs, which were related with the microRNA-200c-3p-noxa network, were identified. Results: Rp11-379k17.4, a new gene related to endometrial cancer, was identified as noncoding RNA. It was a more effective ceRNA associated with the microRNA-200c-3p-noxa network. Conclusion: LncRNAs possess microRNA response elements (MREs) and give scope to significant roles in the post-transcriptional mechanism in EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijuan Xin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, 128 Shen-Yang Road, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Xiaodong Gao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 150 Jimo Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- Department of Internal Medicine, People's Hospital of Dezhou, 1751 Xinhu Street, Dezhou 253001, China
| | - Taiyong Wang
- Department of Oncology, People's Hospital of Dezhou, 1751 Xinhu Street, Dezhou 253001, China
| | - Xue Ding
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, 128 Shen-Yang Road, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Qianyu Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 150 Jimo Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Keqin Hua
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, 128 Shen-Yang Road, Shanghai 200090, China
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13
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Bunk EC, König HG, Prehn JHM, Kirby BP. p53 upregulated mediator of apoptosis (Puma) deficiency increases survival of adult neural stem cells generated physiologically in the hippocampus, but does not protect stem cells generated in surplus after an excitotoxic lesion. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2020; 32:57-66. [PMID: 33155994 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2020-0109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Neurogenesis occurs in the mammalian brain throughout adulthood and increases in response to metabolic, toxic or traumatic insults. To remove potentially superfluous or unwanted neural stem cells/neuronal progenitors, their rate of proliferation and differentiation is fine-tuned against their rate of apoptosis. Apoptosis requires the transcriptional and posttranslational activation of Bcl-2-homolgy domain 3 (BH3)-only proteins. Previously, we demonstrated that the BH3-only protein p53-upregulated mediator of apoptosis (Puma) controls the physiological rate of apoptosis of neural precursor cells in the adult mouse hippocampus. Puma's role in controlling a lesion-induced increase in neural stem cells is currently not known. METHODS We employed a model of local, N-methyl-D-asparte (NMDA)-induced excitotoxic injury to the CA1 hippocampal subfield and immunofluorescence labelling to produce increased neural stem cell proliferation/ neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus at two survival times following the excitotoxic lesion. RESULTS Deletion of puma failed to rescue any NMDA-induced increase in adult born cells as assessed by BrdU or Doublecortin labelling in the long-term. No difference in the proportion of BrdU/NeuN-positive cells comparing the different genotypes and treatments suggested that the phenotypic fate of the cells was preserved regardless of the genotype and the treatment. CONCLUSIONS While neurogenesis is up-regulated in puma-deficient animals following NMDA-induced excitotoxicity to the hippocampal CA1 subfield, puma deficiency could not protect this surplus of newly generated cells from apoptotic cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva C Bunk
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin 2, Ireland.,Klinik für Neurochirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Gebäude A1, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Hans-Georg König
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Jochen H M Prehn
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin 2, Ireland.,Future-Neuro SFI Research Centre, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Brian P Kirby
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin 2, Ireland
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14
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Marlier Q, D'aes T, Verteneuil S, Vandenbosch R, Malgrange B. Core cell cycle machinery is crucially involved in both life and death of post-mitotic neurons. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:4553-4571. [PMID: 32476056 PMCID: PMC11105064 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03548-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A persistent dogma in neuroscience supported the idea that terminally differentiated neurons permanently withdraw from the cell cycle. However, since the late 1990s, several studies have shown that cell cycle proteins are expressed in post-mitotic neurons under physiological conditions, indicating that the cell cycle machinery is not restricted to proliferating cells. Moreover, many studies have highlighted a clear link between cell cycle-related proteins and neurological disorders, particularly relating to apoptosis-induced neuronal death. Indeed, cell cycle-related proteins can be upregulated or overactivated in post-mitotic neurons in case of acute or degenerative central nervous system disease. Given the considerable lack of effective treatments for age-related neurological disorders, new therapeutic approaches targeting the cell cycle machinery might thus be considered. This review aims at summarizing current knowledge about the role of the cell cycle machinery in post-mitotic neurons in healthy and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quentin Marlier
- Developmental Neurobiology Unit, GIGA Stem Cells/Neurosciences, University of Liège, Quartier Hopital (CHU), Avenue Hippocrate, 15, 4000, Liege, Belgium
| | - Tine D'aes
- Developmental Neurobiology Unit, GIGA Stem Cells/Neurosciences, University of Liège, Quartier Hopital (CHU), Avenue Hippocrate, 15, 4000, Liege, Belgium
| | - Sébastien Verteneuil
- Developmental Neurobiology Unit, GIGA Stem Cells/Neurosciences, University of Liège, Quartier Hopital (CHU), Avenue Hippocrate, 15, 4000, Liege, Belgium
| | - Renaud Vandenbosch
- Developmental Neurobiology Unit, GIGA Stem Cells/Neurosciences, University of Liège, Quartier Hopital (CHU), Avenue Hippocrate, 15, 4000, Liege, Belgium
| | - Brigitte Malgrange
- Developmental Neurobiology Unit, GIGA Stem Cells/Neurosciences, University of Liège, Quartier Hopital (CHU), Avenue Hippocrate, 15, 4000, Liege, Belgium.
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15
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Naim S, Kaufmann T. The Multifaceted Roles of the BCL-2 Family Member BOK. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:574338. [PMID: 33043006 PMCID: PMC7523462 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.574338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BCL-2-related ovarian killer (BOK) is-despite its identification over 20 years ago-an incompletely understood member of the BCL-2 family. BCL-2 family proteins are best known for their critical role in the regulation of mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization during the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. Based on sequence and structural similarities to BAX and BAK, BOK is grouped with these "killers" within the effector subgroup of the family. However, the mechanism of how exactly BOK exerts apoptosis is not clear and controversially discussed. Furthermore, and in accordance with reports on several other BCL-2 family members, BOK seems to be involved in the regulation of a variety of other, "apoptosis-independent" cellular functions, including the unfolded protein response, cellular proliferation, metabolism, and autophagy. Of note, compared with other proapoptotic BCL-2 family members, BOK levels are often reduced in cancer by various means, and there is increasing evidence for BOK modulating tumorigenesis. In this review, we summarize and discuss apoptotic- and non-apoptotic-related functions of BOK, its regulation as well as its physiological and pathophysiological roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samara Naim
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Kaufmann
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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16
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Proteotoxic Stress and Cell Death in Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12092385. [PMID: 32842524 PMCID: PMC7563887 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12092385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
To maintain proteostasis, cells must integrate information and activities that supervise protein synthesis, protein folding, conformational stability, and also protein degradation. Extrinsic and intrinsic conditions can both impact normal proteostasis, causing the appearance of proteotoxic stress. Initially, proteotoxic stress elicits adaptive responses aimed at restoring proteostasis, allowing cells to survive the stress condition. However, if the proteostasis restoration fails, a permanent and sustained proteotoxic stress can be deleterious, and cell death ensues. Many cancer cells convive with high levels of proteotoxic stress, and this condition could be exploited from a therapeutic perspective. Understanding the cell death pathways engaged by proteotoxic stress is instrumental to better hijack the proliferative fate of cancer cells.
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17
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Whitaker RH, Placzek WJ. MCL1 binding to the reverse BH3 motif of P18INK4C couples cell survival to cell proliferation. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:156. [PMID: 32111816 PMCID: PMC7048787 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2351-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Commitment to cell cycle entry and cellular duplication is a tightly coordinated and regulated process. Once initiated, a series of multiple checkpoints ensure both accurate genomic replication and chromosomal separation. In the event of unsuccessful cell division, parallel pathways exist that induce the cell to undergo programmed cell death, or apoptosis. At the center of such stress-induced, intrinsic apoptotic regulation lies the BCL2 family of pro- and anti-apoptotic regulatory proteins. In a proliferative state the balance of pro- and anti-apoptotic signaling proteins would be expected to favor an excess population of anti-apoptotic members. While the anti-apoptotic BCL2 family member, MCL1, has been identified to oversee mitotic progression, direct communication between the BCL2 family and cell proliferation has not been observed. In this study, we demonstrate a direct protein–protein interaction between MCL1 and the G1/S checkpoint protein, P18INK4C. This interaction is mediated by a reverse BH3 (rBH3) motif located in P18INK4C’s C-terminal ankyrin repeat. MCL1 is further shown to decrease P18INK4C expression and thereby regulate cell cycle entry in a retinoblastoma (RB1)-dependent manner. Our findings establish a mechanism for translation independent and direct communication between the BCL2 family regulation of apoptosis and CDK4/6-RB regulation of early G1/S transition during cellular division/growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert H Whitaker
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - William J Placzek
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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18
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Janus P, Toma-Jonik A, Vydra N, Mrowiec K, Korfanty J, Chadalski M, Widłak P, Dudek K, Paszek A, Rusin M, Polańska J, Widłak W. Pro-death signaling of cytoprotective heat shock factor 1: upregulation of NOXA leading to apoptosis in heat-sensitive cells. Cell Death Differ 2020; 27:2280-2292. [PMID: 31996779 PMCID: PMC7308270 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-020-0501-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat shock can induce either cytoprotective mechanisms or cell death. We found that in certain human and mouse cells, including spermatocytes, activated heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) binds to sequences located in the intron(s) of the PMAIP1 (NOXA) gene and upregulates its expression which induces apoptosis. Such a mode of PMAIP1 activation is not dependent on p53. Therefore, HSF1 not only can activate the expression of genes encoding cytoprotective heat shock proteins, which prevents apoptosis, but it can also positively regulate the proapoptotic PMAIP1 gene, which facilitates cell death. This could be the primary cause of hyperthermia-induced elimination of heat-sensitive cells, yet other pro-death mechanisms might also be involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patryk Janus
- Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Wybrzeże Armii Krajowej 15, 44-102, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Toma-Jonik
- Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Wybrzeże Armii Krajowej 15, 44-102, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Natalia Vydra
- Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Wybrzeże Armii Krajowej 15, 44-102, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Mrowiec
- Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Wybrzeże Armii Krajowej 15, 44-102, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Joanna Korfanty
- Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Wybrzeże Armii Krajowej 15, 44-102, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Marek Chadalski
- Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Wybrzeże Armii Krajowej 15, 44-102, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Piotr Widłak
- Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Wybrzeże Armii Krajowej 15, 44-102, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Karolina Dudek
- Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Wybrzeże Armii Krajowej 15, 44-102, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Anna Paszek
- Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Wybrzeże Armii Krajowej 15, 44-102, Gliwice, Poland.,Department of Data Science and Engineering, The Silesian University of Technology, Akademicka 16, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Marek Rusin
- Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Wybrzeże Armii Krajowej 15, 44-102, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Joanna Polańska
- Department of Data Science and Engineering, The Silesian University of Technology, Akademicka 16, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Wiesława Widłak
- Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Wybrzeże Armii Krajowej 15, 44-102, Gliwice, Poland.
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19
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Ishikawa S, Ishikawa F. Proteostasis failure and cellular senescence in long-term cultured postmitotic rat neurons. Aging Cell 2020; 19:e13071. [PMID: 31762159 PMCID: PMC6974705 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence, a stress-induced irreversible cell cycle arrest, has been defined for mitotic cells and is implicated in aging of replicative tissues. Age-related functional decline in the brain is often attributed to a failure of protein homeostasis (proteostasis), largely in postmitotic neurons, which accordingly is a process distinct by definition from senescence. It is nevertheless possible that proteostasis failure and cellular senescence have overlapping molecular mechanisms. Here, we identify postmitotic cellular senescence as an adaptive stress response to proteostasis failure. Primary rat hippocampal neurons in long-term cultures show molecular changes indicative of both senescence (senescence-associated β-galactosidase, p16, and loss of lamin B1) and proteostasis failure relevant to Alzheimer's disease. In addition, we demonstrate that the senescent neurons exhibit resistance to stress. Importantly, treatment of the cultures with an mTOR antagonist, protein synthesis inhibitor, or chemical compound that reduces the amount of protein aggregates relieved the proteotoxic stresses as well as the appearance of senescence markers. Our data propose mechanistic insights into the pathophysiological brain aging by establishing senescence as a primary cell-autonomous neuroprotective response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoma Ishikawa
- Department of Gene Mechanisms Graduate School of Biostudies Kyoto University Kyoto Japan
| | - Fuyuki Ishikawa
- Department of Gene Mechanisms Graduate School of Biostudies Kyoto University Kyoto Japan
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20
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In Vitro Evaluation of Chemically Analyzed Hypericum Triquetrifolium Extract Efficacy in Apoptosis Induction and Cell Cycle Arrest of the HCT-116 Colon Cancer Cell Line. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24224139. [PMID: 31731693 PMCID: PMC6891740 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24224139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 10/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Naturally derived drugs and plant-based products are attractive commodities that are being explored for cancer treatment. This in vitro study aimed to investigate the role of Hypericum triquetrifolium (50% ethanol: 50% water) extract (HTE) treatment on apoptosis, cell cycle modulation, and cell cycle arrest in human colon cancer cell line (HCT-116). HTE induced cell death via an apoptotic process, as assayed by an Annexin V-Cy3 assay. Exposing HCT-116 cells to 0.064, 0.125, 0.25, and 0.5 mg/mL of HTE for 24 h led to 50 ± 9%, 71.6 ± 8%, 85 ± 5%, and 96 ± 1.5% apoptotic cells, respectively. HCT-116 cells treated with 0.25 and 0.5 mg/mL HTE for 3 h resulted in 38.9 ± 1.5% and 57.2 ± 3% cleavage of caspase-3-specific substrate, respectively. RT-PCR analysis revealed that the HTE extract had no effect on mRNA levels of Apaf-1 and NOXA. Moreover, the addition of 0.125 mg/mL and 0.25 mg/mL HTE for 24 h was clearly shown to attenuate the cell cycle progression machinery in HCT-116 cells. GC/MS analysis of the extract identified 21 phytochemicals that are known as apoptosis inducers and cell cycle arrest agents. All the compounds detected are novel in H. triquetrifolium. These results suggest that HTE-induced apoptosis of human colon cells is mediated primarily through the caspase-dependent pathway. Thus, HTE appears to be a potent therapeutic agent for colon cancer treatment.
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21
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Nechiporuk T, Kurtz SE, Nikolova O, Liu T, Jones CL, D'Alessandro A, Culp-Hill R, d'Almeida A, Joshi SK, Rosenberg M, Tognon CE, Danilov AV, Druker BJ, Chang BH, McWeeney SK, Tyner JW. The TP53 Apoptotic Network Is a Primary Mediator of Resistance to BCL2 Inhibition in AML Cells. Cancer Discov 2019; 9:910-925. [PMID: 31048320 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-19-0125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
To study mechanisms underlying resistance to the BCL2 inhibitor venetoclax in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), we used a genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 screen to identify gene knockouts resulting in drug resistance. We validated TP53, BAX, and PMAIP1 as genes whose inactivation results in venetoclax resistance in AML cell lines. Resistance to venetoclax resulted from an inability to execute apoptosis driven by BAX loss, decreased expression of BCL2, and/or reliance on alternative BCL2 family members such as BCL2L1. The resistance was accompanied by changes in mitochondrial homeostasis and cellular metabolism. Evaluation of TP53 knockout cells for sensitivities to a panel of small-molecule inhibitors revealed a gain of sensitivity to TRK inhibitors. We relate these observations to patient drug responses and gene expression in the Beat AML dataset. Our results implicate TP53, the apoptotic network, and mitochondrial functionality as drivers of venetoclax response in AML and suggest strategies to overcome resistance. SIGNIFICANCE: AML is challenging to treat due to its heterogeneity, and single-agent therapies have universally failed, prompting a need for innovative drug combinations. We used a genetic approach to identify genes whose inactivation contributes to drug resistance as a means of forming preferred drug combinations to improve AML treatment.See related commentary by Savona and Rathmell, p. 831.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 813.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamilla Nechiporuk
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon.,Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Stephen E Kurtz
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon.,Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Olga Nikolova
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Tingting Liu
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon.,Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Courtney L Jones
- Division of Hematology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Angelo D'Alessandro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Rachel Culp-Hill
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Amanda d'Almeida
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon.,Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Sunil K Joshi
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon.,Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Mara Rosenberg
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon.,Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Cristina E Tognon
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon.,Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Alexey V Danilov
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon.,Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Brian J Druker
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon.,Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Bill H Chang
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon.,Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Shannon K McWeeney
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon.,Division of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Department of Medical Informatics and Clinical Epidemiology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Jeffrey W Tyner
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon. .,Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon.,Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
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22
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Hsu WH, Zhao X, Zhu J, Kim IK, Rao G, McCutcheon J, Hsu ST, Teicher B, Kallakury B, Dowlati A, Zhang YW, Giaccone G. Checkpoint Kinase 1 Inhibition Enhances Cisplatin Cytotoxicity and Overcomes Cisplatin Resistance in SCLC by Promoting Mitotic Cell Death. J Thorac Oncol 2019; 14:1032-1045. [PMID: 30771522 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2019.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Platinum-based chemotherapy remains the standard treatment for patients with SCLC, but the benefit of the treatment is often hampered by rapid development of drug resistance. Thus far, there is no targeted therapy available for SCLC. More than 90% of SCLC tumors harbor mutations in the tumor suppressor gene tumor protein p53 (p53), an important DNA damage checkpoint regulator, and these tumor cells rely predominantly on the checkpoint kinases to control DNA damage response. METHODS We examined whether and how inhibition of checkpoint kinase 1 (Chk1) affects cisplatin cytotoxicity in SCLC cells with and without p53 mutations, and evaluated the effect of Chk1 inhibitor and cisplatin combination in cisplatin-sensitive and -resistant preclinical models. RESULTS Inhibition of Chk1 synergized with cisplatin to induce mitotic cell death in the p53-deficeint SCLC cells. The effect was regulated in part through activation of caspase 2 and downregulation of E2F transcription factor 1 (E2F1). Furthermore, Chk1 inhibitors prexasertib and AZD7762 enhanced cisplatin antitumor activity and overcame cisplatin resistance in SCLC preclinical models in vitro an in vivo. We also observed that higher expression of Chk1 was associated with poorer overall survival of patients with SCLC. CONCLUSIONS Our data account Chk1 as a potential therapeutic target in SCLC, and rationalize clinical development of Chk1 inhibitor and cisplatin combinational strategy for the treatment of SCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Hsun Hsu
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC; Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoliang Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC
| | - Jianquan Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC
| | - In-Kyu Kim
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC
| | - Guanhua Rao
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC
| | - Justine McCutcheon
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC
| | - Shuo-Tse Hsu
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC
| | - Beverly Teicher
- National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Bhaskar Kallakury
- Department of Pathology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC
| | | | - Yu-Wen Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC
| | - Giuseppe Giaccone
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC.
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23
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Merino D, Kelly GL, Lessene G, Wei AH, Roberts AW, Strasser A. BH3-Mimetic Drugs: Blazing the Trail for New Cancer Medicines. Cancer Cell 2018; 34:879-891. [PMID: 30537511 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2018.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Defects in apoptotic cell death can promote cancer and impair responses of malignant cells to anti-cancer therapy. Pro-survival BCL-2 proteins prevent apoptosis by keeping the cell death effectors, BAX and BAK, in check. The BH3-only proteins initiate apoptosis by neutralizing the pro-survival BCL-2 proteins. Structural analysis and medicinal chemistry led to the development of small-molecule drugs that mimic the function of the BH3-only proteins to kill cancer cells. The BCL-2 inhibitor venetoclax has been approved for treatment of refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia and this drug and inhibitors of pro-survival MCL-1 and BCL-XL are being tested in diverse malignancies.
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MESH Headings
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Biomimetic Materials/pharmacology
- Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic/pharmacology
- Humans
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/metabolism
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/pathology
- Myeloid Cell Leukemia Sequence 1 Protein/antagonists & inhibitors
- Myeloid Cell Leukemia Sequence 1 Protein/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/antagonists & inhibitors
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/metabolism
- Sulfonamides/pharmacology
- bcl-X Protein/antagonists & inhibitors
- bcl-X Protein/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Merino
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia; School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Gemma L Kelly
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Guillaume Lessene
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Andrew H Wei
- Department of Haematology, Alfred Hospital and Monash University Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Andrew W Roberts
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; Clinical Haematology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Andreas Strasser
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia.
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24
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Molavi G, Samadi N, Hosseingholi EZ. The roles of moonlight ribosomal proteins in the development of human cancers. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:8327-8341. [PMID: 30417503 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
"Moonlighting protein" is a term used to define a single protein with multiple functions and different activities that are not derived from gene fusions, multiple RNA splicing, or the proteolytic activity of promiscuous enzymes. Different proteinous constituents of ribosomes have been shown to have important moonlighting extra-ribosomal functions. In this review, we introduce the impact of key moonlight ribosomal proteins and dependent signal transduction in the initiation and progression of various cancers. As a future perspective, the potential role of these moonlight ribosomal proteins in the diagnosis, prognosis, and development of novel strategies to improve the efficacy of therapies for human cancers has been suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghader Molavi
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nasser Samadi
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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25
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Li W, Yu X, Xia Z, Yu X, Xie L, Ma X, Zhou H, Liu L, Wang J, Yang Y, Liu H. Repression of Noxa by Bmi1 contributes to deguelin-induced apoptosis in non-small cell lung cancer cells. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:6213-6227. [PMID: 30255595 PMCID: PMC6237602 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Deguelin, a natural rotenoid isolated from several plants, has been reported to exert anti‐tumour effects in various cancers. However, the molecular mechanism of this regulation remains to be fully elucidated. Here, we found that deguelin inhibited the growth of non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells both in vitro and in vivo by downregulation of Bmi1 expression. Our data showed that Bmi1 is highly expressed in human NSCLC tissues and cell lines. Knockdown of Bmi1 significantly suppressed NSCLC cell proliferation and colony formation. Deguelin treatment attenuated the binding activity of Bmi1 to the Noxa promoter, thus resulting in Noxa transcription and apoptosis activation. Knockdown of Bmi1 promoted Noxa expression and enhanced deguelin‐induced apoptosis, whereas overexpression of Bmi1 down‐regulated Noxa protein level and deguelin‐induced apoptosis. Overall, our study demonstrated a novel apoptotic mechanism for deguelin to exert its anti‐tumour activity in NSCLC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Department of Radiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xinfang Yu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Zhenkun Xia
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xinyou Yu
- Shangdong Lvdu Bio-Industry Co., Ltd., Binzhou, Shangdong, China
| | - Li Xie
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaolong Ma
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Huiling Zhou
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lijun Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Clinical Center for Gene Diagnosis and Therapy, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Clinical Center for Gene Diagnosis and Therapy, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yifeng Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Haidan Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Clinical Center for Gene Diagnosis and Therapy, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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26
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Jackson DP, Ting JH, Pozniak PD, Meurice C, Schleidt SS, Dao A, Lee AH, Klinman E, Jordan-Sciutto KL. Identification and characterization of two novel alternatively spliced E2F1 transcripts in the rat CNS. Mol Cell Neurosci 2018; 92:1-11. [PMID: 29936143 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2018.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
E2F1 is a transcription factor classically known to regulate G0/G1 to S phase progression in the cell cycle. In addition, E2F1 also regulates a wide range of apoptotic genes and thus has been well studied in the context of neuronal death and neurodegenerative diseases. However, its function and regulation in the mature central nervous system are not well understood. Alternative splicing is a well-conserved post-transcriptional mechanism common in cells of the CNS and is necessary to generate diverse functional modifications to RNA or protein products from genes. Heretofore, physiologically significant alternatively spliced E2F1 transcripts have not been reported. In the present study, we report the identification of two novel alternatively spliced E2F1 transcripts: E2F1b, an E2F1 transcript retaining intron 5, and E2F1c, an E2F1 transcript excluding exon 6. These alternatively spliced transcripts are observed in the brain and neural cell types including neurons, astrocytes, and undifferentiated oligodendrocytes. The expression of these E2F1 transcripts is distinct during maturation of primary hippocampal neuroglial cells. Pharmacologically-induced global translation inhibition with cycloheximide, anisomycin or thapsigargin lead to significantly reduced expression of E2F1a, E2F1b and E2F1c. Conversely, increasing neuronal activity by elevating the concentration of potassium chloride selectively increased the expression of E2F1b. Furthermore, experiments expressing these variants in vitro show the transcripts can be translated to generate a protein product. Taken together, our data suggest that the alternatively spliced E2F1 transcript behave differently than the E2F1a transcript, and our results provide a foundation for future investigation of the function of E2F1 splice variants in the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan P Jackson
- Department of Pathology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 240 S. 40th St, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jenhao H Ting
- Department of Pathology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 240 S. 40th St, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Paul D Pozniak
- Department of Pathology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 240 S. 40th St, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Claire Meurice
- Department of Pathology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 240 S. 40th St, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Stephanie S Schleidt
- Department of Pathology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 240 S. 40th St, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Anh Dao
- Department of Pathology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 240 S. 40th St, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Amy H Lee
- Department of Pathology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 240 S. 40th St, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Eva Klinman
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kelly L Jordan-Sciutto
- Department of Pathology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 240 S. 40th St, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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27
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Jeng PS, Inoue-Yamauchi A, Hsieh JJ, Cheng EH. BH3-Dependent and Independent Activation of BAX and BAK in Mitochondrial Apoptosis. CURRENT OPINION IN PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 3:71-81. [PMID: 30334018 PMCID: PMC6186458 DOI: 10.1016/j.cophys.2018.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria play key roles in mammalian apoptosis, a highly regulated genetic program of cell suicide. Multiple apoptotic signals culminate in mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP), which not only couples the mitochondria to the activation of caspases but also initiates caspase-independent mitochondrial dysfunction. The BCL-2 family proteins are central regulators of MOMP. Multidomain pro-apoptotic BAX and BAK are essential effectors responsible for MOMP, whereas anti-apoptotic BCL-2, BCL-XL, and MCL-1 preserve mitochondrial integrity. The third BCL-2 subfamily of proteins, BH3-only molecules, promotes apoptosis by either activating BAX and BAK or inactivating BCL-2, BCL-XL, and MCL-1. Through an interconnected hierarchical network of interactions, the BCL-2 family proteins integrate developmental and environmental cues to dictate the survival versus death decision of cells by regulating the integrity of the mitochondrial outer membrane. Over the past 30 years, research on the BCL-2-regulated apoptotic pathway has not only revealed its importance in both normal physiological and disease processes, but has also resulted in the first anti-cancer drug targeting protein-protein interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul S Jeng
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Akane Inoue-Yamauchi
- Department of Pathology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
| | - James J Hsieh
- Molecular Oncology, Department of Medicine, Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Emily H Cheng
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA
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28
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Kim EY, Sudini K, Singh AK, Haque M, Leaman D, Khuder S, Ahmed S. Ursolic acid facilitates apoptosis in rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts by inducing SP1-mediated Noxa expression and proteasomal degradation of Mcl-1. FASEB J 2018; 32:fj201800425R. [PMID: 29799788 PMCID: PMC6181629 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201800425r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is characterized by hyperplastic pannus formation mediated by activated synovial fibroblasts (RASFs) that cause joint destruction. We have shown earlier that RASFs exhibit resistance to apoptosis, primarily as a result of enhanced expression of myeloid cell leukemia-1 (Mcl-1). In this study, we discovered that ursolic acid (UA), a plant-derived pentacyclic triterpenoid, selectively induces B-cell lymphoma 2 homology 3-only protein Noxa in human RASFs. We observed that UA-induced Noxa expression was followed by a consequent decrease in Mcl-1 expression in a dose-dependent manner. Subsequent evaluation of the signaling pathways showed that UA-induced Noxa is primarily mediated by the JNK pathway in human RASFs. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (IP) studies into the promoter region of Noxa indicated the role of transcription factor specificity protein 1 in JNK-mediated Noxa expression. Furthermore, the results from IP studies and proximity ligation assays indicated that UA-induced Noxa colocalizes and associates with Mcl-1 to prime it for proteasomal degradation through K48-linked ubiquitination by the selective recruitment of Mcl-1 ubiquitin ligase E3, a homologous to E6-associated protein C terminus domain-containing E3 ubiquitin ligase. These findings unveil a novel mechanism of inducing apoptosis in RASFs and a potential adjunct therapeutic strategy of regulating synovial hyperplasia in RA.-Kim, E. Y., Sudini, K., Singh, A. K., Haque, M., Leaman, D., Khuder, S., Ahmed, S. Ursolic acid facilitates apoptosis in rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts by inducing SP1-mediated Noxa expression and proteasomal degradation of Mcl-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene Y. Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington, USA
| | - Kuladeep Sudini
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Anil K. Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington, USA
| | - Mahamudul Haque
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington, USA
| | - Douglas Leaman
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Sadik Khuder
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, USA
- Department of Public Health, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Salahuddin Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
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29
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Meister MT, Boedicker C, Klingebiel T, Fulda S. Hedgehog signaling negatively co-regulates BH3-only protein Noxa and TAp73 in TP53-mutated cells. Cancer Lett 2018; 429:19-28. [PMID: 29702195 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we show that pharmacological repression by the Hedgehog (Hh) pathway inhibitor (HPI) GANT61 induces expression of the proapoptotic protein Noxa in TP53-mutated embryonal pediatric tumor cells driven by Hh signaling (i.e. rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) and medulloblastoma (MB)). Similarly, genetic silencing of Gli1 by siRNA causes increased Noxa mRNA and protein levels, while overexpression of Gli1 results in decreased Noxa expression. Furthermore, TAp73 mRNA and protein levels are increased upon Gli1 knockdown, while Gli1 overexpression reduces TAp73 mRNA and protein levels. However, knockdown of TAp73 fails to block Noxa induction in GANT61-treated cells, suggesting that Noxa is not primarily regulated by TAp73. Interestingly, mRNA levels of the transcription factor EGR1 correlate with those of Noxa and TAp73. Silencing of EGR1 results in decreased Noxa and TAp73 mRNA levels, indicating that EGR1 is involved in regulating transcriptional activity of Noxa and TAp73. These findings suggest that Gli1 represses Noxa and TAp73, possibly via EGR1. These findings could be exploited for the treatment of Hh-driven tumors, e.g. for their sensitization to chemotherapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Torsten Meister
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research in Pediatrics, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Komturstr. 3a, 60528, Frankfurt, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt, Germany; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Cathinka Boedicker
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research in Pediatrics, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Komturstr. 3a, 60528, Frankfurt, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt, Germany; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Klingebiel
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt, Germany; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Simone Fulda
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research in Pediatrics, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Komturstr. 3a, 60528, Frankfurt, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt, Germany; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
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30
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Lee T, Pelletier J. Dependence of p53-deficient cells on the DHX9 DExH-box helicase. Oncotarget 2018; 8:30908-30921. [PMID: 28427210 PMCID: PMC5458177 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
DHX9 is a DExH-box helicase family member with key regulatory roles in a broad range of cellular processes. It participates at multiple levels of gene regulation, including DNA replication, transcription, translation, RNA transport, and microRNA processing. It has been implicated in tumorigenesis and recent evidence suggests that it may be a promising chemotherapeutic target. Previous studies have determined that DHX9 suppression elicits an apoptotic or senescence response by activating p53 signaling. Here, we show that DHX9 inhibition can also have deleterious effects in cells lacking functional p53. Loss of DHX9 led to increased cell death in p53-deficient mouse lymphomas and HCT116 human colon cancer cells, and G0/G1 cell cycle arrest in p53-deficient mouse embryonic fibroblasts. Analysis of mRNA levels for p53 transcriptional targets showed that a subset of p53 targets in the p53-null lymphomas and HCT116 cells were activated despite the absence of functional p53. This implies an alternative pathway of DHX9-mediated activation of cell death and cell cycle arrest in p53-deficient cells and supports the feasibility of targeting DHX9 in p53-deficient tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Jerry Pelletier
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H3G 1Y6, Canada.,Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H3G 1Y6, Canada.,Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Center, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H3G 1Y6, Canada
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31
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Micro-Economics of Apoptosis in Cancer: ncRNAs Modulation of BCL-2 Family Members. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19040958. [PMID: 29570632 PMCID: PMC5979352 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19040958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last few years, non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have been a hot topic in cancer research. Many ncRNAs were found to regulate the apoptotic process and to play a role in tumor cell resistance to treatment. The apoptotic program is on the frontline as self-defense from cancer onset, and evasion of apoptosis has been classified as one of the hallmarks of cancer responsible for therapy failure. The B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL-2) family members are key players in the regulation of apoptosis and mediate the activation of the mitochondrial death machinery in response to radiation, chemotherapeutic agents and many targeted therapeutics. The balance between the pro-survival and the pro-apoptotic BCL-2 proteins is strictly controlled by ncRNAs. Here, we highlight the most common mechanisms exerted by microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs and circular RNAs on the main mediators of the intrinsic apoptotic cascade with particular focus on their significance in cancer biology.
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32
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TACC3 transcriptionally upregulates E2F1 to promote cell growth and confer sensitivity to cisplatin in bladder cancer. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:72. [PMID: 29358577 PMCID: PMC5833822 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-017-0112-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has shown that transforming acidic coiled-coil 3 (TACC3) is deregulated in a broad spectrum of cancers. In the present study, we reported that TACC3 was markedly elevated in bladder cancer, especially in muscle-invasive bladder cancers (MIBCs). The upregulation of TACC3 was positively associated with tumor invasiveness, grade, T stage, and progression in patients with bladder cancer. Furthermore, a Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that patients with bladder cancer whose tumors had high TACC3 expression experienced a dismal prognosis compared with patients whose tumors had low TACC3 expression. Functional studies have found that TACC3 is a prerequisite for the development of malignant characteristics of bladder cancer cells, including cell proliferation and invasion. Moreover, TACC3 promoted G1/S transition, which was mediated via activation of the transcription of E2F1, eventually enhancing cell proliferation. Notably, the overexpression of TACC3 or E2F1 indicates a high sensitivity to cisplatin. Taken together, these findings define a tumor-supportive role for TACC3, which may also serve as a prognostic and therapeutic indicator in bladder cancers.
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Abstract
Apoptosis is often deregulated in a number of human diseases. Heat-induced apoptosis is a model system for studying the consequences of protein misfolding and is mediated by the Bcl-2 family of proteins. This family consists of both pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic members that control mitochondrial integrity. The BH3-only pro-apoptotic members are strong inducers of apoptotic cell death. Protein damaging stress can activate a process of cellular destruction known as apoptosis. The pro-apoptotic BH3-only proteins and transcription factors activate this death pathway by inhibiting the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins eliminating cancer cells in a short period of time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabih Roufayel
- a Department of Science , American University of the Middle East , Egaila , Kuwait
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Shukla S, Saxena S, Singh BK, Kakkar P. BH3-only protein BIM: An emerging target in chemotherapy. Eur J Cell Biol 2017; 96:728-738. [PMID: 29100606 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BH3-only proteins constitute major proportion of pro-apoptotic members of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) family of apoptotic regulatory proteins and participate in embryonic development, tissue homeostasis and immunity. Absence of BH3-only proteins contributes to autoimmune disorders and tumorigenesis. Bim (Bcl-2 Interacting Mediator of cell death), most important member of BH3-only proteins, shares a BH3-only domain (9-16 aa) among 4 domains (BH1-BH4) of Bcl-2 family proteins and highly pro-apoptotic in nature. Bim initiates the intrinsic apoptotic pathway under both physiological and patho-physiological conditions. Reduction in Bim expression was found to be associated with tumor promotion and autoimmunity, while overexpression inhibited tumor growth and drug resistance as cancer cells suppress Bim expression and stability. Apart from its role in normal homeostasis, Bim has emerged as a central player in regulation of tumorigenesis, therefore gaining attention as a plausible target for chemotherapy. Regulation of Bim expression and stability is complicated and regulated at multiple levels viz. transcriptional, post-transcriptional, post-translational (preferably by phosphorylation and ubiquitination), epigenetic (by promoter acetylation or methylation) including miRNAs. Furthermore, control over Bim expression and stability may be exploited to enhance chemotherapeutic efficacy, overcome drug resistance and select anticancer drug regimen as various chemotherapeutic agents exploit Bim as an executioner of cell death. Owing to its potent anti-tumorigenic activity many BH3 mimetics e.g. ABT-737, ABT-263, obatoclax, AT-101and A-1210477 have been developed and entered in clinical trials. It is more likely that in near future strategies commanding Bim expression and stability ultimately lead to Bim based therapeutic regimen for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shatrunajay Shukla
- Herbal Research Laboratory, Food Drug & Chemical Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan 31, Post Box No. 80, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226001, India
| | - Sugandh Saxena
- Herbal Research Laboratory, Food Drug & Chemical Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan 31, Post Box No. 80, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-IITR, Lucknow campus, India
| | - Brijesh Kumar Singh
- Laboratory of Hormonal Regulation, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, No 8 College Road, 169857, Singapore
| | - Poonam Kakkar
- Herbal Research Laboratory, Food Drug & Chemical Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan 31, Post Box No. 80, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-IITR, Lucknow campus, India.
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Arenobufagin Induces Apoptotic Cell Death in Human Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Cells via the Noxa-Related Pathway. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22091525. [PMID: 28892004 PMCID: PMC6151516 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22091525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 09/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Arenobufagin, an active component isolated from the traditional Chinese medicine Chan Su, exhibits anticancer influences in several human malignancies. However, the effects and action mechanisms of arenobufagin on non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are still unknown. In this study, we reported that arenobufagin acted through activation of Noxa-related pathways and promoted apoptotic cell death in human NSCLC cells. Our results revealed that arenobufagin-induced apoptosis was caspase-dependent, as evidenced by the fact that caspase-9, caspase-3 and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) were cleaved, and pretreatment with a pan-caspase inhibitor Z-VAD-FMK inhibited the pro-apoptosis effect of arenobufagin. Mechanistically, we further found that arenobufagin rapidly upregulated the expression of the pro-apoptosis protein Noxa, and abrogated the anti-apoptosis protein Mcl-1, a major binding partner of Noxa in the cell. More importantly, the knockdown of Noxa greatly blocked arenobufagin-induced cell death, highlighting the contribution of this protein in the anti-NSCLC effects of arenobufagin. Interestingly, arenobufagin also increased the expression of p53, a direct transcriptional activator for the upregulation of the Noxa protein. Taken together, our results suggest that arenobufagin is a potential anti-NSCLC agent that triggers apoptotic cell death in NSCLC cells through interfering with the Noxa-related pathway.
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Anderson SE, Barton CE. The cardiac glycoside convallatoxin inhibits the growth of colorectal cancer cells in a p53-independent manner. Mol Genet Metab Rep 2017; 13:42-45. [PMID: 28819586 PMCID: PMC5548364 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgmr.2017.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac glycosides are plant-derived molecules that have shown antiproliferative properties against cancer cells, though the mechanism of action is not completely understood. We show that one cardiac glycoside, convallatoxin, presents antiproliferative effects against colorectal cancer cells in culture and that the resulting cell death is independent of the p53 tumor suppressor. Our data suggest that convallatoxin may be useful in the treatment of cancers that harbor inactivating mutations in the p53 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Anderson
- Department of Biology, Belmont University, 1900 Belmont Boulevard, Nashville, TN 37211, USA
| | - Christopher E Barton
- Department of Biology, Belmont University, 1900 Belmont Boulevard, Nashville, TN 37211, USA
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Cerqueira DM, Bodnar AJ, Phua YL, Freer R, Hemker SL, Walensky LD, Hukriede NA, Ho J. Bim gene dosage is critical in modulating nephron progenitor survival in the absence of microRNAs during kidney development. FASEB J 2017; 31:3540-3554. [PMID: 28446592 PMCID: PMC5503708 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201700010r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Low nephron endowment at birth has been associated with an increased risk for developing hypertension and chronic kidney disease. We demonstrated in an earlier study that conditional deletion of the microRNA (miRNA)-processing enzyme Dicer from nephron progenitors results in premature depletion of the progenitors and increased expression of the proapoptotic protein Bim (also known as Bcl-2L11). In this study, we generated a compound mouse model with conditional deletion of both Dicer and Bim, to determine the biologic significance of increased Bim expression in Dicer-deficient nephron progenitors. The loss of Bim partially restored the number of nephron progenitors and improved nephron formation. The number of progenitors undergoing apoptosis was significantly reduced in kidneys with loss of a single allele, or both alleles, of Bim compared to mutant kidneys. Furthermore, 2 miRNAs expressed in nephron progenitors (miR-17 and miR-106b) regulated Bim levels in vitro and in vivo Together, these data suggest that miRNA-mediated regulation of Bim controls nephron progenitor survival during nephrogenesis, as one potential means of regulating nephron endowment.-Cerqueira, D. M., Bodnar, A. J., Phua, Y. L., Freer, R., Hemker, S. L., Walensky, L. D., Hukriede, N. A., Ho, J. Bim gene dosage is critical in modulating nephron progenitor survival in the absence of microRNAs during kidney development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Débora M Cerqueira
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Andrew J Bodnar
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yu Leng Phua
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Rachel Freer
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Shelby L Hemker
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Loren D Walensky
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and the Linde Program in Cancer Chemical Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Neil A Hukriede
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jacqueline Ho
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA;
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Targeting the differential addiction to anti-apoptotic BCL-2 family for cancer therapy. Nat Commun 2017; 8:16078. [PMID: 28714472 PMCID: PMC5520052 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms16078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BCL-2 family proteins are central regulators of mitochondrial apoptosis and validated anti-cancer targets. Using small cell lung cancer (SCLC) as a model, we demonstrated the presence of differential addiction of cancer cells to anti-apoptotic BCL-2, BCL-XL or MCL-1, which correlated with the respective protein expression ratio. ABT-263 (navitoclax), a BCL-2/BCL-XL inhibitor, prevented BCL-XL from sequestering activator BH3-only molecules (BH3s) and BAX but not BAK. Consequently, ABT-263 failed to kill BCL-XL-addicted cells with low activator BH3s and BCL-XL overabundance conferred resistance to ABT-263. High-throughput screening identified anthracyclines including doxorubicin and CDK9 inhibitors including dinaciclib that synergized with ABT-263 through downregulation of MCL-1. As doxorubicin and dinaciclib also reduced BCL-XL, the combinations of BCL-2 inhibitor ABT-199 (venetoclax) with doxorubicin or dinaciclib provided effective therapeutic strategies for SCLC. Altogether, our study highlights the need for mechanism-guided targeting of anti-apoptotic BCL-2 proteins to effectively activate the mitochondrial cell death programme to kill cancer cells. Small cell lung cancer cells (SCLC) are differentially sensitive to inhibitors of the BCL-2 family. Here the authors analyse the response to BH3 mimetics in SCLC, delineate patterns of expression of apoptotic proteins correlated with differential sensitivities and demonstrate a synergistic anti-tumour activity between ABT-199 and anthracyclines or CDK9 inhibitors.
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Vargas AJ, Sittadjody S, Thangasamy T, Mendoza EE, Limesand KH, Burd R. Exploiting Tyrosinase Expression and Activity in Melanocytic Tumors. Integr Cancer Ther 2017; 10:328-40. [DOI: 10.1177/1534735410391661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is an aggressive tumor that expresses the pigmentation enzyme tyrosinase. Tyrosinase expression increases during tumorigenesis, which could allow for selective treatment of this tumor type by strategies that use tyrosinase activity. Approaches targeting tyrosinase would involve gene transcription or signal transduction pathways mediated by p53 in a direct or indirect manner. Two pathways are proposed for exploiting tyrosinase expression: ( a) a p53-dependent pathway leading to apoptosis or arrest and ( b) a reactive oxygen species–mediated induction of endoplasmic reticulum stress in p53 mutant tumors. Both strategies could use tyrosinase-mediated activation of quercetin, a dietary polyphenol that induces the expression of p53 and modulates reactive oxygen species. In addition to antitumor signaling properties, activation of quercetin could complement conventional cancer therapy by the induction of phase II detoxification enzymes resulting in p53 stabilization and transduction of its downstream targets. In conclusion, recent advances in tyrosinase enzymology, prodrug chemistry, and modern chemotherapeutics present an intriguing and selective multitherapy targeting system where dietary bioflavonoids could be used to complement conventional cancer treatments.
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Li KP, Shanmuganad S, Carroll K, Katz JD, Jordan MB, Hildeman DA. Dying to protect: cell death and the control of T-cell homeostasis. Immunol Rev 2017; 277:21-43. [PMID: 28462527 PMCID: PMC5416827 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
T cells play a critical role in immune responses as they specifically recognize peptide/MHC complexes with their T-cell receptors and initiate adaptive immune responses. While T cells are critical for performing appropriate effector functions and maintaining immune memory, they also can cause autoimmunity or neoplasia if misdirected or dysregulated. Thus, T cells must be tightly regulated from their development onward. Maintenance of appropriate T-cell homeostasis is essential to promote protective immunity and limit autoimmunity and neoplasia. This review will focus on the role of cell death in maintenance of T-cell homeostasis and outline novel therapeutic strategies tailored to manipulate cell death to limit T-cell survival (eg, autoimmunity and transplantation) or enhance T-cell survival (eg, vaccination and immune deficiency).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Po Li
- Immunology Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Sharmila Shanmuganad
- Immunology Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Kaitlin Carroll
- Immunology Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Jonathan D. Katz
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes Research Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Michael B. Jordan
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Division of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Immune Deficiency, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
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Roufayel R, Kadry S. Expression of miR-23a by apoptotic regulators in human cancer: A review. Cancer Biol Ther 2017; 18:269-276. [PMID: 28453394 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2017.1310342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs play fundamental roles in mammalian development, differentiation and cellular homeostasis by regulating essential processes such as proliferation, migration, metabolism, migration and cell death. These small non-coding RNAs are also responsible in RNA silencing, and in many developmental and pathological processes. Not surprisingly, miR-23a misexpression contributes to numerous diseases including cancer where certain miRNA genes have been classified as either oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes. Since a single microRNA is capable of targeting a large number of mRNA sequences, de-regulated miRNA expression has the ability to alter various transcripts and activate a wide range of cancer-related pathways. This review article documents reduced levels of mature miR-23a in various tumors, primarily due to epigenetic silencing or alterations in biogenesis pathways. Moreover, inhibition of miR-23a in stressed cells represent a general mechanism for inducing apoptosis and these microRNAs are showed to be regulated by molecular chaperon HSP70. Microarray expression analysis of miRNA overexpression or depletion is now used in the characterization of cancer development pathways and as a biomarker for early cancer detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabih Roufayel
- a Department of Science , American University of the Middle East , Kuwait
| | - Seifedine Kadry
- a Department of Science , American University of the Middle East , Kuwait
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Structural Insight into the Mechanism of Dibenzo[a,l]pyrene and Benzo[a]pyrene-Mediated Cell Proliferation Using Molecular Docking Simulations. Interdiscip Sci 2017; 10:653-673. [DOI: 10.1007/s12539-017-0226-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2016] [Revised: 03/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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ROCK1/p53/NOXA signaling mediates cardiomyocyte apoptosis in response to high glucose in vitro and vivo. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2017; 1863:936-946. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Revised: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Wu Y, Ma S, Xia Y, Lu Y, Xiao S, Cao Y, Zhuang S, Tan X, Fu Q, Xie L, Li Z, Yuan Z. Loss of GCN5 leads to increased neuronal apoptosis by upregulating E2F1- and Egr-1-dependent BH3-only protein Bim. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e2570. [PMID: 28125090 PMCID: PMC5386373 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2016.465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2016] [Revised: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cellular acetylation homeostasis is a kinetic balance precisely controlled by histone acetyl-transferase (HAT) and histone deacetylase (HDAC) activities. The loss of the counterbalancing function of basal HAT activity alters the precious HAT:HDAC balance towards enhanced histone deacetylation, resulting in a loss of acetylation homeostasis, which is closely associated with neuronal apoptosis. However, the critical HAT member whose activity loss contributes to neuronal apoptosis remains to be identified. In this study, we found that inactivation of GCN5 by either pharmacological inhibitors, such as CPTH2 and MB-3, or by inactivation with siRNAs leads to a typical apoptosis in cultured cerebellar granule neurons. Mechanistically, the BH3-only protein Bim is transcriptionally upregulated by activated Egr-1 and E2F1 and mediates apoptosis following GCN5 inhibition. Furthermore, in the activity withdrawal- or glutamate-evoked neuronal apoptosis models, GCN5 loses its activity, in contrast to Bim induction. Adenovirus-mediated overexpression of GCN5 suppresses Bim induction and apoptosis. Interestingly, the loss of GCN5 activity and the induction of Egr-1, E2F1 and Bim are involved in the early brain injury (EBI) following subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) in rats. HDAC inhibition not only significantly rescues Bim expression and apoptosis induced by either potassium deprivation or GCN5 inactivation but also ameliorates these events and EBI in SAH rats. Taken together, our results highlight a new mechanism by which the loss of GCN5 activity promotes neuronal apoptosis through the transcriptional upregulation of Bim, which is probably a critical event in triggering neuronal death when cellular acetylation homeostasis is impaired.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanna Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Institute of Neurosciences of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Shanshan Ma
- Guangdong Province Key laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yong Xia
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Institute of Neurosciences of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Yangpeng Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Institute of Neurosciences of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Shiyin Xiao
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Institute of Neurosciences of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Yali Cao
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Institute of Neurosciences of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Sidian Zhuang
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Institute of Neurosciences of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Xiangpeng Tan
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Institute of Neurosciences of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Qiang Fu
- Department of General Dentistry, 323 Hospital of the People's Liberation Army, Xi'an, China
| | - Longchang Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Institute of Neurosciences of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Zhiming Li
- Department of Radiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Institute of Neurosciences of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Zhongmin Yuan
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Institute of Neurosciences of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou 510260, China
- Guangdong Province Key laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Guangzhou 510006, China
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Dai J, Sun Y, Yan L, Wang J, Li X, He J. Upregulation of NOXA by 10-Hydroxycamptothecin plays a key role in inducing fibroblasts apoptosis and reducing epidural fibrosis. PeerJ 2017; 5:e2858. [PMID: 28097065 PMCID: PMC5237371 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.2858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The fibrosis that develops following laminectomy or discectomy often causes serious complications, and the proliferation of fibroblasts is thought to be the major cause of epidural fibrosis. 10-Hydroxycamptothecin (HCPT) has been proven to be efficient in preventing epidural fibrosis, but the exact mechanism is still unclear. NOXA is a significant regulator of cell apoptosis, which has been reported to be beneficial in the treatment of fibrosis. We performed a series of experiments, both in vitro and in vivo, to explore the intrinsic mechanism of HCPT that underlies the induction of apoptosis in fibroblasts, and also to investigate whether HCPT has positive effects on epidural fibrosis following laminectomy in rats. Fibroblasts were cultured in vitro and stimulated by varying concentrations of HCPT (0, 1, 2, 4 µg/ml) for various durations (0, 24, 48, 72 h); the effect of HCPT in inducing the apoptosis of fibroblasts was investigated via Western blots and TUNEL assay. Our results showed that HCPT could induce apoptosis in fibroblasts and up-regulate the expression of NOXA. Following the knockdown of NOXA in fibroblasts, the results of Western blot analysis showed that the level of apoptotic markers, such as cleaved-PARP and Bax, was decreased. The results from the TUNEL assay also showed a decreased rate of apoptosis in NOXA-knocked down fibroblasts. For the in vivo studies, we performed a laminectomy at the L1-L2 levels in rats and applied HCPT of different concentrations (0.2, 0.1, 0.05 mg/ml and saline) locally; the macroscopic histological assessment, hydroxyproline content analysis and histological staining were performed to evaluate the effect of HCPT on reducing epidural fibrosis. The TUNEL assay in epidural tissues showed that HCPT could obviously induce apoptosis in fibroblasts in a dose-dependent manner. Also, immunohistochemical staining showed that the expression of NOXA increased as the concentrations of HCPT increased. Our findings are the first to demonstrate that upregulation of NOXA by HCPT plays a key role in inducing fibroblast apoptosis and in reducing epidural fibrosis. These findings might provide a potential therapeutic target for preventing epidural fibrosis following laminectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihang Dai
- Department of Orthopedics, Clinical medical college of Yangzhou University, Orthopaedic Institute, Subei People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yang Zhou, China
| | - Yu Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, Clinical medical college of Yangzhou University, Orthopaedic Institute, Subei People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yang Zhou, China
| | - Lianqi Yan
- Department of Orthopedics, Clinical medical college of Yangzhou University, Orthopaedic Institute, Subei People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yang Zhou, China
| | - Jingcheng Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Clinical medical college of Yangzhou University, Orthopaedic Institute, Subei People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yang Zhou, China
| | - Xiaolei Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Clinical medical college of Yangzhou University, Orthopaedic Institute, Subei People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yang Zhou, China
| | - Jun He
- Department of Orthopedics, Clinical medical college of Yangzhou University, Orthopaedic Institute, Subei People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yang Zhou, China
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Abstract
Apoptosis, a form of programmed cell death, is a pivotal defense against the occurrence of cancer and is essential to metazoans in maintaining tissue homeostasis. Apoptosis exhibits a distinctive phenotype and involves elimination of potentially deleterious cells. Many diseases have been associated with aberrantly regulated apoptotic cell death, ultimately leading to inhibition of apoptosis and propagation of diseases such as cancer. Elucidation of the critical events associated with carcinogenesis provides the opportunity for dietary intervention to prevent cancer development through induction of apoptosis, Particularly by bioactive agents or functional foods. Diet is a significant environmental factor in the overall cancer process and can exacerbate or interfere with carcinogenesis. Apoptosis occurs primarily through two well-recognized pathways in cells, including the Intrinsic, or mitochondrial-mediated, effector mechanism and the extrinsic, or death receptor-mediated, effector mechanism. In addition to diet's effects on protein expression and function, evidence is also accumulating that a large number of dietary food components can exert effects on the human genome, either directly or indirectly, to modulate gene expression. In fact, many diet-related genes are involved in carcinogenesis as well as apoptosis, and thus are ultimately molecular targets for dietary chemopreventlon. There are multiple steps within pathways in which dietary components can alter gene expression and phenotypes of cells and thus influence cancer outcomes (nutritional transcriptomic effect). Thus, apoptosis is an emerging therapeutic target of bioactive agents of diet. In this review, the process of apoptosis is discussed and the potential mechanistic interaction of bioactive agents, as components of functional foods, is explored within the context of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith R Martin
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, 126 Henderson Building South, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
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Natalino RJM, Antoneli CBG, Ribeiro KDCB, Campos AHJFM, Soares FA. Immunohistochemistry of apoptosis-related proteins in retinoblastoma. Pathol Res Pract 2016; 212:1144-1150. [PMID: 27697297 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2016.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Retinoblastoma is the most common intraocular malignant neoplasia during childhood and results from the partial or total inactivity of the retinoblastoma protein (pRb). In the absence of pRb, the E2F transcription factors increase the levels of cell cycle proteins as well as some pro-apoptotic proteins. We intended to study the immunohistochemistry profile of apoptotic-related proteins in retinoblastoma. We also evaluated the association between the expression of apoptotic protein and stage of tumor or survivor after a 5year follow up. Apoptosis-related proteins (Apaf-1, Bak, Bax, Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, Bim-long, MDM2, p53, pro-caspase-3, PUMA, Smac/DIABLO and cleaved caspase-3) were evaluated using immunohistochemistry on tissue microarrays which contained samples of retinoblastoma tumors taken from ninety-three patients without any treatment previous to surgery. The immunohistochemistry reactions were evaluated using an optical microscope as well as the ACIS III® platform. The pro-apoptotic proteins (APAF-1, Bax, p53, PUMA, Smac/DIABLO) were more frequently expressed than the anti-apoptotic proteins (Bcl-2, Bcl-xL and MDM2). The protein Bcl-xL had a negative correlation with cleaved caspase-3, a marker of cell apoptosis. Bcl-xL may be implicated in an apoptosis block.
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Ambroise G, Portier A, Roders N, Arnoult D, Vazquez A. Subcellular localization of PUMA regulates its pro-apoptotic activity in Burkitt's lymphoma B cells. Oncotarget 2016; 6:38181-94. [PMID: 26431330 PMCID: PMC4741992 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The BH3-only protein PUMA (p53-upregulated modulator of apoptosis) is a major regulator of apoptosis. It belongs to the Bcl-2 family of proteins responsible for maintaining mitochondrial outer membrane integrity by controlling the intrinsic (mitochondrial) apoptotic pathway. We describe here a new pathway regulating PUMA activation through the control of its subcellular distribution. Surprisingly, neither PUMA upregulation in normal activated human B lymphocytes nor high levels of PUMA in Burkitt's lymphoma (BL) were associated with cell death. We show that PUMA is localized to the cytosol in these cells. By contrast, various apoptosis-triggering signals were found to promote the translocation of PUMA to the mitochondria in these cells, leading to their death by apoptosis. This apoptosis was associated with the binding of mitochondrial PUMA to anti-apoptotic members of the Bcl-2 family, such as Bcl-2 and Mcl-1. This translocation was caspase-independent but was prevented by inhibiting or knocking down the expression of the MAPK kinase p38. Our data suggest that the accumulation of PUMA in the cytosol may be important for the participation of this protein in apoptosis without the need for prior transcription. This regulatory pathway may be an important feature of differentiation and tumorigenic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gorbatchev Ambroise
- INSERM, UMR_S 1197, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Villejuif, France.,Université Paris-Saclay, France.,Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Villejuif, France
| | - Alain Portier
- INSERM, UMR_S 1197, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Villejuif, France.,Université Paris-Saclay, France.,Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Villejuif, France
| | - Nathalie Roders
- INSERM, UMR_S 1197, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Villejuif, France.,Université Paris-Saclay, France.,Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Villejuif, France
| | - Damien Arnoult
- INSERM, UMR_S 1197, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Villejuif, France.,Université Paris-Saclay, France.,Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Villejuif, France
| | - Aimé Vazquez
- INSERM, UMR_S 1197, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Villejuif, France.,Université Paris-Saclay, France.,Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Villejuif, France
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Chen J. The Cell-Cycle Arrest and Apoptotic Functions of p53 in Tumor Initiation and Progression. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2016; 6:a026104. [PMID: 26931810 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a026104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 687] [Impact Index Per Article: 85.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
P53 is a transcription factor highly inducible by many stress signals such as DNA damage, oncogene activation, and nutrient deprivation. Cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis are the most prominent outcomes of p53 activation. Many studies showed that p53 cell-cycle and apoptosis functions are important for preventing tumor development. p53 also regulates many cellular processes including metabolism, antioxidant response, and DNA repair. Emerging evidence suggests that these noncanonical p53 activities may also have potent antitumor effects within certain context. This review focuses on the cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis functions of p53, their roles in tumor suppression, and the regulation of cell fate decision after p53 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiandong Chen
- Molecular Oncology Department, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida 33612
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50
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Abstract
In multicellular organisms, cell death is a critical and active process that maintains tissue homeostasis and eliminates potentially harmful cells. There are three major types of morphologically distinct cell death: apoptosis (type I cell death), autophagic cell death (type II), and necrosis (type III). All three can be executed through distinct, and sometimes overlapping, signaling pathways that are engaged in response to specific stimuli. Apoptosis is triggered when cell-surface death receptors such as Fas are bound by their ligands (the extrinsic pathway) or when Bcl2-family proapoptotic proteins cause the permeabilization of the mitochondrial outer membrane (the intrinsic pathway). Both pathways converge on the activation of the caspase protease family, which is ultimately responsible for the dismantling of the cell. Autophagy defines a catabolic process in which parts of the cytosol and specific organelles are engulfed by a double-membrane structure, known as the autophagosome, and eventually degraded. Autophagy is mostly a survival mechanism; nevertheless, there are a few examples of autophagic cell death in which components of the autophagic signaling pathway actively promote cell death. Necrotic cell death is characterized by the rapid loss of plasma membrane integrity. This form of cell death can result from active signaling pathways, the best characterized of which is dependent on the activity of the protein kinase RIP3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas R Green
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105
| | - Fabien Llambi
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105
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