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Sharma A, Rustad T, Mahajan G, Kumar A, Rao KVS, Banerjee S, Sherman DR, Mande SC. Towards understanding the biological function of the unusual chaperonin Cpn60.1 (GroEL1) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2015; 97:137-46. [PMID: 26822628 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2015.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Revised: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The 60 kDa heat shock proteins, also known as Cpn60s (GroELs) are components of the essential protein folding machinery of the cell, but are also dominant antigens in many infectious diseases. Although generally essential for cellular survival, in some organisms such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis, one or more paralogous Cpn60s are known to be dispensable. In M. tuberculosis, Cpn60.2 (GroEL2) is essential for cell survival, but the biological role of the non-essential Cpn60.1 (GroEL1) is still elusive. To understand the relevance of Cpn60.1 (GroEL1) in M. tuberculosis physiology, detailed transcriptomic analyses for the wild type H37Rv and cpn60.1 knockout (groEL1-KO) were performed under in vitro stress conditions: stationary phase, cold shock, low aeration, mild cold shock and low pH. Additionally, the survival of the groEL1-KO was assessed in macrophages at multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 1:1 and 1:5. We observed that survival under low aeration was significantly compromised in the groEL1-KO. Further, the gene expression analyses under low aeration showed change in expression of several key virulence factors like two component system PhoP/R and MprA/B, sigma factors SigM and C and adversely affected known hypoxia response regulators Rv0081, Rv0023 and DosR. Our work is therefore suggestive of an important role of Cpn60.1 (GroEL1) for survival under low aeration by affecting the expression of genes known for hypoxia response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Sharma
- Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, Nampally, Hyderabad 500 001, India; Graduate Studies, Manipal University, Manipal 576104, India; National Centre for Cell Science, Ganeshkhind, Pune 411 007, India
| | - Tige Rustad
- Center for Infectious Diseases Research (formerly known as Seattle Biomedical Research Institute), Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Gaurang Mahajan
- National Centre for Cell Science, Ganeshkhind, Pune 411 007, India
| | - Arun Kumar
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Kanury V S Rao
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | | | - David R Sherman
- Center for Infectious Diseases Research (formerly known as Seattle Biomedical Research Institute), Seattle, WA, USA; University of Washington Department of Global Health, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Shekhar C Mande
- Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, Nampally, Hyderabad 500 001, India; National Centre for Cell Science, Ganeshkhind, Pune 411 007, India.
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Cehovin A, Coates ARM, Hu Y, Riffo-Vasquez Y, Tormay P, Botanch C, Altare F, Henderson B. Comparison of the moonlighting actions of the two highly homologous chaperonin 60 proteins of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Infect Immun 2010; 78:3196-206. [PMID: 20421377 PMCID: PMC2897374 DOI: 10.1128/iai.01379-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2009] [Revised: 01/18/2010] [Accepted: 04/20/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence is emerging that the two chaperonin (Cpn) 60 proteins of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Cpn60.1 and Cpn60.2, have moonlighting actions that may contribute to the pathology of tuberculosis. We studied the release of Cpn60.1 from M. tuberculosis and infected macrophage like cells and compared recombinant Cpn60.1 and Cpn60.2 in a range of cell-based assays to determine how similar the actions of these highly homologous proteins are. We now establish that Cpns are similar as follows: (i) Cpn60.1, as it has been shown for Cpn60.2, is released by M. tuberculosis in culture, and Cpn60.1 is furthermore released when the bacterium is in quiescent, but not activated, macrophage like cells, and (ii) both proteins only showed a partial requirement for MyD88 for the induction of proinflammatory cytokine production compared to lipopolysaccharide. However, we also found major differences in the cellular action of Cpns. (i) Cpn60.2 proved to be a more potent stimulator of whole blood leukocytes than Cpn60.1 and was the only one to induce tumor necrosis factor alpha synthesis. (ii) Cpn60.1 bound to ca. 90% of circulating monocytes compared to Cpn60.2, which bound <50% of these cells. Both chaperonins bound to different cell surface receptors, while monocyte activation by both proteins was completely abrogated in TLR4-/- mice, although Cpn60.2 also showed significant requirement for TLR2. Finally, an isogenic mutant lacking cpn60.1, but containing intact cpn60.2, was severely inhibited in generating multinucleate giant cells in an in vitro human granuloma assay. These results clearly show that, despite significant sequence homology, M. tuberculosis Cpn60 proteins interact in distinct ways with human or murine macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cehovin
- Department of Microbial Diseases, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, 256 Gray's Inn Road, London WC1X 8LD, United Kingdom, Medical Microbiology, Division of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, St. George's University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 0RE, United Kingdom, Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, School of Biomedical Health Science, King's College London, London, United Kingdom, Helperby Therapeutics Group plc, c/o Earlsfield Business Centre, 9 Lydden Road, London SW18 4LT, United Kingdom, IPBS, CNRS UMR5089, Toulouse, France, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 892, Institut de Recherche Therapeutique, Nantes, France
| | - Anthony R. M. Coates
- Department of Microbial Diseases, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, 256 Gray's Inn Road, London WC1X 8LD, United Kingdom, Medical Microbiology, Division of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, St. George's University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 0RE, United Kingdom, Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, School of Biomedical Health Science, King's College London, London, United Kingdom, Helperby Therapeutics Group plc, c/o Earlsfield Business Centre, 9 Lydden Road, London SW18 4LT, United Kingdom, IPBS, CNRS UMR5089, Toulouse, France, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 892, Institut de Recherche Therapeutique, Nantes, France
| | - Yanmin Hu
- Department of Microbial Diseases, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, 256 Gray's Inn Road, London WC1X 8LD, United Kingdom, Medical Microbiology, Division of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, St. George's University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 0RE, United Kingdom, Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, School of Biomedical Health Science, King's College London, London, United Kingdom, Helperby Therapeutics Group plc, c/o Earlsfield Business Centre, 9 Lydden Road, London SW18 4LT, United Kingdom, IPBS, CNRS UMR5089, Toulouse, France, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 892, Institut de Recherche Therapeutique, Nantes, France
| | - Yanira Riffo-Vasquez
- Department of Microbial Diseases, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, 256 Gray's Inn Road, London WC1X 8LD, United Kingdom, Medical Microbiology, Division of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, St. George's University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 0RE, United Kingdom, Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, School of Biomedical Health Science, King's College London, London, United Kingdom, Helperby Therapeutics Group plc, c/o Earlsfield Business Centre, 9 Lydden Road, London SW18 4LT, United Kingdom, IPBS, CNRS UMR5089, Toulouse, France, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 892, Institut de Recherche Therapeutique, Nantes, France
| | - Peter Tormay
- Department of Microbial Diseases, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, 256 Gray's Inn Road, London WC1X 8LD, United Kingdom, Medical Microbiology, Division of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, St. George's University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 0RE, United Kingdom, Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, School of Biomedical Health Science, King's College London, London, United Kingdom, Helperby Therapeutics Group plc, c/o Earlsfield Business Centre, 9 Lydden Road, London SW18 4LT, United Kingdom, IPBS, CNRS UMR5089, Toulouse, France, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 892, Institut de Recherche Therapeutique, Nantes, France
| | - Catherine Botanch
- Department of Microbial Diseases, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, 256 Gray's Inn Road, London WC1X 8LD, United Kingdom, Medical Microbiology, Division of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, St. George's University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 0RE, United Kingdom, Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, School of Biomedical Health Science, King's College London, London, United Kingdom, Helperby Therapeutics Group plc, c/o Earlsfield Business Centre, 9 Lydden Road, London SW18 4LT, United Kingdom, IPBS, CNRS UMR5089, Toulouse, France, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 892, Institut de Recherche Therapeutique, Nantes, France
| | - Frederic Altare
- Department of Microbial Diseases, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, 256 Gray's Inn Road, London WC1X 8LD, United Kingdom, Medical Microbiology, Division of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, St. George's University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 0RE, United Kingdom, Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, School of Biomedical Health Science, King's College London, London, United Kingdom, Helperby Therapeutics Group plc, c/o Earlsfield Business Centre, 9 Lydden Road, London SW18 4LT, United Kingdom, IPBS, CNRS UMR5089, Toulouse, France, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 892, Institut de Recherche Therapeutique, Nantes, France
| | - Brian Henderson
- Department of Microbial Diseases, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, 256 Gray's Inn Road, London WC1X 8LD, United Kingdom, Medical Microbiology, Division of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, St. George's University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 0RE, United Kingdom, Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, School of Biomedical Health Science, King's College London, London, United Kingdom, Helperby Therapeutics Group plc, c/o Earlsfield Business Centre, 9 Lydden Road, London SW18 4LT, United Kingdom, IPBS, CNRS UMR5089, Toulouse, France, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 892, Institut de Recherche Therapeutique, Nantes, France
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