1
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Ichiki T, Koga T, Yokomizo T. Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products Regulates Leukotriene B 4 Receptor 1 Signaling. DNA Cell Biol 2016; 35:747-750. [PMID: 27830944 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2016.3552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Leukotriene B4 receptor 1 (BLT1), a high-affinity G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) for leukotriene B4 (LTB4), plays important roles in inflammatory and immune reactions. Although the LTB4-BLT1 axis is known to promote inflammation, the binding proteins that modulate LTB4-BLT1 signaling have not been identified. Recently, we discovered that receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) interacts with BLT1 and modulates LTB4-BLT1 signaling. We propose RAGE as a new class of GPCR modulator and a new target of future GPCR studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takako Ichiki
- 1 Department of Biochemistry, Juntendo University School of Medicine , Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Koga
- 1 Department of Biochemistry, Juntendo University School of Medicine , Tokyo, Japan .,2 Priority Organization for Innovation and Excellence, Program for Leading Graduate Schools, "Health Life Science: Interdisciplinary and Glocal Oriented (HIGO) Program," Kumamoto University , Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Takehiko Yokomizo
- 1 Department of Biochemistry, Juntendo University School of Medicine , Tokyo, Japan
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2
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Yamamoto YY, Tsuchida K, Noguchi K, Ogawa N, Sekiguchi H, Sasaki YC, Yohda M. Characterization of group II chaperonins from an acidothermophilic archaeon Picrophilus torridus. FEBS Open Bio 2016; 6:751-64. [PMID: 27398315 PMCID: PMC4932455 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Revised: 05/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chaperonins are a type of molecular chaperone that assist in the folding of proteins. Group II chaperonins play an important role in the proteostasis in the cytosol of archaea and eukarya. In this study, we expressed, purified, and characterized group II chaperonins from an acidothermophilic archaeon Picrophilus torridus. Two genes exist for group II chaperonins, and both of the gene products assemble to form double‐ring complexes similar to other archaeal group II chaperonins. One of the Picrophilus chaperonins, PtoCPNα, was able to refold denatured GFP at 50 °C. As expected, PtoCPNα exhibited an ATP‐dependent conformational change that is observed by the change in fluorescence and diffracted X‐ray tracking (DXT). In contrast, PtoCPNα lost its protein folding ability at moderate temperatures, becoming unable to interact with unfolded proteins. At lower temperatures, the release rate of the captured GFP from PtoCPNα was accelerated, and the affinity of denatured protein to PtoCPNα was weakened at the lower temperatures. Unexpectedly, in the DXT experiment, the fine motions were enhanced at the lower temperatures. Taken together, the results suggest that the fine tilting motions of the apical domain might correlate with the affinity of group II chaperonins for denatured proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Y Yamamoto
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology Koganei Japan; Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Chiyoda, Tokyo Japan
| | - Kanako Tsuchida
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology Koganei Japan
| | - Keiichi Noguchi
- Instrumentation Analysis Center Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology Koganei Japan
| | - Naoki Ogawa
- Department of Integrated Science in Physics and Biology College of Humanities and Sciences Nihon University Setagaya-ku Japan
| | | | - Yuji C Sasaki
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences University of Tokyo Kashiwa Japan
| | - Masafumi Yohda
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology Koganei Japan
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3
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Roh SH, Kasembeli M, Bakthavatsalam D, Chiu W, Tweardy DJ. Contribution of the Type II Chaperonin, TRiC/CCT, to Oncogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:26706-20. [PMID: 26561808 PMCID: PMC4661834 DOI: 10.3390/ijms161125975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Revised: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The folding of newly synthesized proteins and the maintenance of pre-existing proteins are essential in sustaining a living cell. A network of molecular chaperones tightly guides the folding, intracellular localization, and proteolytic turnover of proteins. Many of the key regulators of cell growth and differentiation have been identified as clients of molecular chaperones, which implies that chaperones are potential mediators of oncogenesis. In this review, we briefly provide an overview of the role of chaperones, including HSP70 and HSP90, in cancer. We further summarize and highlight the emerging the role of chaperonin TRiC (T-complex protein-1 ring complex, also known as CCT) in the development and progression of cancer mediated through its critical interactions with oncogenic clients that modulate growth deregulation, apoptosis, and genome instability in cancer cells. Elucidation of how TRiC modulates the folding and function of oncogenic clients will provide strategies for developing novel cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soung-Hun Roh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Moses Kasembeli
- Division of Internal Medicine, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | | | - Wah Chiu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - David J Tweardy
- Division of Internal Medicine, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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4
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The Mechanism and Function of Group II Chaperonins. J Mol Biol 2015; 427:2919-30. [PMID: 25936650 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2015.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Revised: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Protein folding in the cell requires the assistance of enzymes collectively called chaperones. Among these, the chaperonins are 1-MDa ring-shaped oligomeric complexes that bind unfolded polypeptides and promote their folding within an isolated chamber in an ATP-dependent manner. Group II chaperonins, found in archaea and eukaryotes, contain a built-in lid that opens and closes over the central chamber. In eukaryotes, the chaperonin TRiC/CCT is hetero-oligomeric, consisting of two stacked rings of eight paralogous subunits each. TRiC facilitates folding of approximately 10% of the eukaryotic proteome, including many cytoskeletal components and cell cycle regulators. Folding of many cellular substrates of TRiC cannot be assisted by any other chaperone. A complete structural and mechanistic understanding of this highly conserved and essential chaperonin remains elusive. However, recent work is beginning to shed light on key aspects of chaperonin function and how their unique properties underlie their contribution to maintaining cellular proteostasis.
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5
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Semenyuk PI, Orlov VN, Kurochkina LP. Effect of chaperonin encoded by gene 146 on thermal aggregation of lytic proteins of bacteriophage EL Pseudomonas aeruginosa. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2015; 80:172-9. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006297915020042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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6
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A human CCT5 gene mutation causing distal neuropathy impairs hexadecamer assembly in an archaeal model. Sci Rep 2014; 4:6688. [PMID: 25345891 PMCID: PMC4209464 DOI: 10.1038/srep06688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Chaperonins mediate protein folding in a cavity formed by multisubunit rings. The human CCT has eight non-identical subunits and the His147Arg mutation in one subunit, CCT5, causes neuropathy. Knowledge is scarce on the impact of this and other mutations upon the chaperone's structure and functions. To make progress, experimental models must be developed. We used an archaeal mutant homolog and demonstrated that the His147Arg mutant has impaired oligomeric assembly, ATPase activity, and defective protein homeostasis functions. These results establish for the first time that a human chaperonin gene defect can be reproduced and studied at the molecular level with an archaeal homolog. The major advantage of the system, consisting of rings with eight identical subunits, is that it amplifies the effects of a mutation as compared with the human counterpart, in which just one subunit per ring is defective. Therefore, the slight deficit of a non-lethal mutation can be detected and characterized.
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7
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Yamamoto YY, Abe Y, Moriya K, Arita M, Noguchi K, Ishii N, Sekiguchi H, Sasaki YC, Yohda M. Inter-ring communication is dispensable in the reaction cycle of group II chaperonins. J Mol Biol 2014; 426:2667-78. [PMID: 24859336 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2014.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Revised: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Chaperonins are ubiquitous molecular chaperones with the subunit molecular mass of 60kDa. They exist as double-ring oligomers with central cavities. An ATP-dependent conformational change of the cavity induces the folding of an unfolded protein that is captured in the cavity. In the group I chaperonins, which are present in eubacteria and eukaryotic organelles, inter-ring communication takes important role for the reaction cycle. However, there has been limited study on the inter-ring communication in the group II chaperonins that exist in archaea and the eukaryotic cytosol. In this study, we have constructed the asymmetric ring complex of a group II chaperonin using circular permutated covalent mutants. Although one ring of the asymmetric ring complex lacks ATPase or ATP binding activity, the other wild-type ring undergoes an ATP-dependent conformational change and maintains protein-folding activity. The results clearly demonstrate that inter-ring communication is dispensable in the reaction cycle of group II chaperonins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Y Yamamoto
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Naka, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Yuki Abe
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Naka, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Kazuki Moriya
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Naka, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Mayuno Arita
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Naka, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Keiichi Noguchi
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Naka, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Ishii
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Sekiguchi
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan; CREST Sasaki Team, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo 102-0076, Japan
| | - Yuji C Sasaki
- CREST Sasaki Team, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo 102-0076, Japan; Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
| | - Masafumi Yohda
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Naka, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan.
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8
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Dissection of the ATP-dependent conformational change cycle of a group II chaperonin. J Mol Biol 2013; 426:447-59. [PMID: 24120682 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2013.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2013] [Revised: 09/15/2013] [Accepted: 09/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Group II chaperonin captures an unfolded protein while in its open conformation and then mediates the folding of the protein during ATP-driven conformational change cycle. In this study, we performed kinetic analyses of the group II chaperonin from a hyperthermophilic archaeon, Thermococcus sp. KS-1 (TKS1-Cpn), by stopped-flow fluorometry and stopped-flow small-angle X-ray scattering to reveal the reaction cycle. Two TKS1-Cpn variants containing a Trp residue at position 265 or position 56 exhibit nearly the same fluorescence kinetics induced by rapid mixing with ATP. Fluorescence started to increase immediately after the start of mixing and reached a maximum at 1-2s after mixing. Only in the presence of K(+) that a gradual decrease in fluorescence was observed after the initial peak. Similar results were obtained by stopped-flow small-angle X-ray scattering. A rapid fluorescence increase, which reflects nucleotide binding, was observed for the mutant containing a Trp residue near the ATP binding site (K485W), irrespective of the presence or absence of K(+). Without K(+), a small, rapid fluorescence decrease followed the initial increase, and then a gradual decrease was observed. In contrast, with K(+), a large, rapid fluorescence decrease occurred just after the initial increase, and then the fluorescence gradually increased. Finally, we observed ATP binding signal and also subtle conformational change in an ATPase-deficient mutant with K485W mutation. Based on these results, we propose a reaction cycle model for group II chaperonins.
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9
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Pereira JH, Ralston CY, Douglas NR, Kumar R, Lopez T, McAndrew RP, Knee KM, King JA, Frydman J, Adams PD. Mechanism of nucleotide sensing in group II chaperonins. EMBO J 2011; 31:731-40. [PMID: 22193720 DOI: 10.1038/emboj.2011.468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2011] [Accepted: 11/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Group II chaperonins mediate protein folding in an ATP-dependent manner in eukaryotes and archaea. The binding of ATP and subsequent hydrolysis promotes the closure of the multi-subunit rings where protein folding occurs. The mechanism by which local changes in the nucleotide-binding site are communicated between individual subunits is unknown. The crystal structure of the archaeal chaperonin from Methanococcus maripaludis in several nucleotides bound states reveals the local conformational changes associated with ATP hydrolysis. Residue Lys-161, which is extremely conserved among group II chaperonins, forms interactions with the γ-phosphate of ATP but shows a different orientation in the presence of ADP. The loss of the ATP γ-phosphate interaction with Lys-161 in the ADP state promotes a significant rearrangement of a loop consisting of residues 160-169. We propose that Lys-161 functions as an ATP sensor and that 160-169 constitutes a nucleotide-sensing loop (NSL) that monitors the presence of the γ-phosphate. Functional analysis using NSL mutants shows a significant decrease in ATPase activity, suggesting that the NSL is involved in timing of the protein folding cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose H Pereira
- Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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10
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Single-molecule fluorescence polarization study of conformational change in archaeal group II chaperonin. PLoS One 2011; 6:e22253. [PMID: 21779405 PMCID: PMC3136518 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0022253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2011] [Accepted: 06/17/2011] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Group II chaperonins found in archaea and in eukaryotic cytosol mediate protein folding without a GroES-like cofactor. The function of the cofactor is substituted by the helical protrusion at the tip of the apical domain, which forms a built-in lid on the central cavity. Although many studies on the change in lid conformation coupled to the binding and hydrolysis of nucleotides have been conducted, the molecular mechanism of lid closure remains poorly understood. Here, we performed a single-molecule polarization modulation to probe the rotation of the helical protrusion of a chaperonin from a hyperthermophilic archaeum, Thermococcus sp. strain KS-1. We detected approximately 35° rotation of the helical protrusion immediately after photorelease of ATP. The result suggests that the conformational change from the open lid to the closed lid state is responsible for the approximately 35° rotation of the helical protrusion.
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11
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Gly-345 plays an essential role in Pyrococcus furiosus chaperonin function. Biotechnol Lett 2011; 33:1649-55. [PMID: 21476092 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-011-0615-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2011] [Accepted: 03/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Compared to the group I chaperonins, such as Escherichia coli GroEL, which facilitate protein folding, many aspects of the functional mechanism of archaeal group II chaperonins are unclear. Sequence homology between the chaperonin from Pyrococcus furiosus (PfCPN) and other group II chaperonins, together with the homo-oligomeric nature of PfCPN, suggest that PfCPN may serve as a model to clarify the role of the homologous position Gly-345 in the chaperonin-mediated protein folding. Here, we show that the purified chaperonin mutant in which the conserved residue Gly-345 is replaced by Asp (G345D) displays only about 25% ATP/ADP hydrolysis activities of the wild-type in the presence of Co(2+) and has a reduced capacity to promote folding of denatured malate dehydrogenase in vitro. This may be a reflection that Gly-345 plays an essential role in conformational change and protein refolding by archaeal group II chaperonins.
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12
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Kanzaki T, Ushioku S, Nakagawa A, Oka T, Takahashi K, Nakamura T, Kuwajima K, Yamagishi A, Yohda M. Adaptation of a hyperthermophilic group II chaperonin to relatively moderate temperatures. Protein Eng Des Sel 2010; 23:393-402. [PMID: 20173200 DOI: 10.1093/protein/gzq010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Group II chaperonins exist in archaea and the eukaryotic cytosol, and mediate protein folding in an ATP-dependent manner. We have been studying the reaction mechanism of group II chaperonins using alpha chaperonin, the recombinant chaperonin alpha subunit homo-oligomer from a hyperthermophilic archaeon, Thermococcus sp. strain KS-1 (T. KS-1). Although the high stability and activity of T. KS-1 alpha chaperonin provided advantages for our study, its high thermophilicity caused the difficulty in using various analytical methods. To resolve this problem, we tried to adapt T. KS-1 alpha chaperonin to moderate temperatures by mutations. The comparison of amino acid sequences between 26 thermophilic and 17 mesophilic chaperonins showed that three amino acid replacements are likely responsible for the difference of their optimal temperatures. We introduced three single mutations and also their double combinations into T. KS-1 alpha chaperonin. Among them, K323R single mutant exhibited the improvements of the folding activity and the ATP-dependent conformational change ability at lower temperatures, such as 50 degrees C and 40 degrees C. Since K323 may secure helix 12 in the closed conformation by interacting with D198, the replacement of Lys to Arg likely induced the higher mobility of the built-in lid, resulting in the higher activity at relatively low temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taro Kanzaki
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei-shi, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
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13
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Construction and characterization of the hetero-oligomer of the group II chaperonin from the hyperthermophilic archaeon, Thermococcus sp. strain KS-1. Extremophiles 2009; 13:437-45. [PMID: 19229501 DOI: 10.1007/s00792-009-0229-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2008] [Accepted: 01/27/2009] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The hyperthermophilic archaeon Thermococcus sp. strain KS-1 (T. KS-1) expresses two different chaperonin subunits, alpha and beta, for the folding of its proteins. The composition of the subunits in the hexadecameric double ring changes with temperature. The content of the beta subunit significantly increases according to the increase in temperature. The homo-oligomer of the beta subunit, Cpn beta, is more thermostable than that of the alpha subunit, Cpn alpha. Since Cpn alpha and Cpn beta also have different protein folding activities and interactions with prefoldin, the hetero-oligomer is thought to exhibit different characteristics according to the content of subunits. The hetero-oligomer of the T. KS-1 chaperonin has not been studied, however, because the alpha and beta subunits form hetero-oligomers of varying compositions when they are expressed simultaneously. In this study, we characterized the T. KS-1 chaperonin hetero-oligomer, Cpn alphabeta, containing both alpha and beta in the alternate order, which was constructed by the expression of alpha and beta subunits in a coordinated fashion and protease digestion. Cpn alphabeta protected citrate synthase from thermal aggregation, promoted the folding of acid-denatured GFP in an ATP-dependent manner, and exhibited an ATP-dependent conformational change. The yield of refolded GFP generated by Cpn alphabeta was almost equivalent to that generated by Cpn beta but lower than that generated by Cpn alpha. In contrast, Cpn alphabeta exhibited almost the same level of thermal stability as Cpn alpha, which was lower than that of Cpn beta. The affinity of Cpn alphabeta to prefoldin was found to be between those of Cpn alpha and Cpn beta, as expected.
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14
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Abstract
A survey of archaeal genomes for the presence of homologues of bacterial and eukaryotic chaperones reveals several interesting features. All archaea contain chaperonins, also known as Hsp60s (where Hsp is heat-shock protein). These are more similar to the type II chaperonins found in the eukaryotic cytosol than to the type I chaperonins found in bacteria, mitochondria and chloroplasts, although some archaea also contain type I chaperonin homologues, presumably acquired by horizontal gene transfer. Most archaea contain several genes for these proteins. Our studies on the type II chaperonins of the genetically tractable archaeon Haloferax volcanii have shown that only one of the three genes has to be present for the organisms to grow, but that there is some evidence for functional specialization between the different chaperonin proteins. All archaea also possess genes for prefoldin proteins and for small heat-shock proteins, but they generally lack genes for Hsp90 and Hsp100 homologues. Genes for Hsp70 (DnaK) and Hsp40 (DnaJ) homologues are only found in a subset of archaea. Thus chaperone-assisted protein folding in archaea is likely to display some unique features when compared with that in eukaryotes and bacteria, and there may be important differences in the process between euryarchaea and crenarchaea.
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15
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Kanzaki T, Iizuka R, Takahashi K, Maki K, Masuda R, Sahlan M, Yébenes H, Valpuesta JM, Oka T, Furutani M, Ishii N, Kuwajima K, Yohda M. Sequential action of ATP-dependent subunit conformational change and interaction between helical protrusions in the closure of the built-in lid of group II chaperonins. J Biol Chem 2008; 283:34773-84. [PMID: 18854314 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m805303200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
ATP drives the conformational change of the group II chaperonin from the open lid substrate-binding conformation to the closed lid conformation to encapsulate an unfolded protein in the central cavity. The detailed mechanism of this conformational change remains unknown. To elucidate the intra-ring cooperative action of subunits for the conformational change, we constructed Thermococcus chaperonin complexes containing mutant subunits in an ordered manner and examined their folding and conformational change abilities. Chaperonin complexes containing wild-type subunits and mutant subunits with impaired ATP-dependent conformational change ability or ATP hydrolysis activity, one by one, exhibited high protein refolding ability. The effects of the mutant subunits correlate with the number and order in the ring. In contrast, the use of a mutant lacking helical protrusion severely affected the function. Interestingly, these mutant chaperonin complexes also exhibited ATP-dependent conformational changes as demonstrated by small angle x-ray scattering, protease digestion, and changes in fluorescence of the fluorophore attached to the tip of the helical protrusion. However, their conformational change is likely to be transient. They captured denatured proteins even in the presence of ATP, whereas addition of ATP impaired the ability of the wild-type chaperonin to protect citrate synthase from thermal aggregation. These results suggest that ATP binding/hydrolysis causes the independent conformational change of the subunit, and further conformational change for the complete closure of the lid is induced and stabilized by the interaction between helical protrusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taro Kanzaki
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
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16
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Sameshima T, Ueno T, Iizuka R, Ishii N, Terada N, Okabe K, Funatsu T. Football- and bullet-shaped GroEL-GroES complexes coexist during the reaction cycle. J Biol Chem 2008; 283:23765-73. [PMID: 18567585 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m802541200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
GroEL is an Escherichia coli chaperonin that is composed of two heptameric rings stacked back-to-back. GroEL assists protein folding with its cochaperonin GroES in an ATP-dependent manner in vitro and in vivo. However, it is still unclear whether GroES binds to both rings of GroEL simultaneously under physiological conditions. In this study, we monitored the GroEL-GroES interaction in the reaction cycle using fluorescence resonance energy transfer. We found that nearly equivalent amounts of symmetric GroEL-(GroES)(2) (football-shaped) complex and asymmetric GroEL-GroES (bullet-shaped) complex coexist during the functional reaction cycle. We also found that D398A, an ATP hydrolysis defective mutant of GroEL, forms a football-shaped complex with ATP bound to the two rings. Furthermore, we showed that ADP prevents the association of ATP to the trans-ring of GroEL, and as a consequence, the second GroES cannot bind to GroEL. Considering the concentrations of ADP and ATP in E. coli, ADP is expected to have a small effect on the inhibition of GroES binding to the trans-ring of GroEL in vivo. These results suggest that we should reconsider the chaperonin-mediated protein-folding mechanism that involves the football-shaped complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Sameshima
- Laboratory of Bio-Analytical Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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17
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Bigotti MG, Clarke AR. Chaperonins: The hunt for the Group II mechanism. Arch Biochem Biophys 2008; 474:331-9. [PMID: 18395510 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2008.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2008] [Revised: 03/17/2008] [Accepted: 03/18/2008] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Chaperonins are multi-subunit complexes that enhance the efficiency of protein-folding reactions by capturing protein substrates in their central cavities. They occur in all prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell types and, alone amongst molecular chaperones, chaperonin knockouts are always lethal. Chaperonins come in two forms; the Group I are found in bacteria, mitochondria and plastids [W.A. Fenton, A.L. Horwich, Q. Rev. Biophys. 36 (2003) 229-256, [1]] and the Group II in the eukaryotic cytoplasm and in archaea [N.J. Cowan, S.A. Lewis, Adv. Protein Chem. 59 (2001) 73-104, [2]]. Both use energy derived from ATP binding and hydrolysis to drive a series of structural rearrangements that enable them to capture, engulf and then release polypeptide chains that have either not yet acquired the native, biologically active state or have been denatured in the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Giulia Bigotti
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medical Sciences, University of Bristol, University Walk, Bristol B58 1TD, UK.
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18
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Iizuka R, Sugano Y, Ide N, Ohtaki A, Yoshida T, Fujiwara S, Imanaka T, Yohda M. Functional Characterization of Recombinant Prefoldin Complexes from a Hyperthermophilic Archaeon, Thermococcus sp. Strain KS-1. J Mol Biol 2008; 377:972-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2008.01.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2007] [Revised: 01/07/2008] [Accepted: 01/22/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Asymmetry of the GroEL-GroES complex under physiological conditions as revealed by small-angle x-ray scattering. Biophys J 2007; 94:1392-402. [PMID: 17981896 DOI: 10.1529/biophysj.107.114710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the well-known functional importance of GroEL-GroES complex formation during the chaperonin cycle, the stoichiometry of the complex has not been clarified. The complex can occur either as an asymmetric 1:1 GroEL-GroES complex or as a symmetric 1:2 GroEL-GroES complex, although it remains uncertain which type is predominant under physiological conditions. To resolve this question, we studied the structure of the GroEL-GroES complex under physiological conditions by small-angle x-ray scattering, which is a powerful technique to directly observe the structure of the protein complex in solution. We evaluated molecular structural parameters, the radius of gyration and the maximum dimension of the complex, from the x-ray scattering patterns under various nucleotide conditions (3 mM ADP, 3 mM ATP gamma S, and 3 mM ATP in 10 mM MgCl(2) and 100 mM KCl) at three different temperatures (10 degrees C, 25 degrees C, and 37 degrees C). We then compared the experimentally observed scattering patterns with those calculated from the known x-ray crystallographic structures of the GroEL-GroES complex. The results clearly demonstrated that the asymmetric complex must be the major species stably present in solution under physiological conditions. On the other hand, in the presence of ATP (3 mM) and beryllium fluoride (10 mM NaF and 300 microM BeCl(2)), we observed the formation of a stable symmetric complex, suggesting the existence of a transiently formed symmetric complex during the chaperonin cycle.
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Reissmann S, Parnot C, Booth CR, Chiu W, Frydman J. Essential function of the built-in lid in the allosteric regulation of eukaryotic and archaeal chaperonins. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2007; 14:432-40. [PMID: 17460696 PMCID: PMC3339572 DOI: 10.1038/nsmb1236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2006] [Accepted: 03/20/2007] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Chaperonins are allosteric double-ring ATPases that mediate cellular protein folding. ATP binding and hydrolysis control opening and closing of the central chaperonin chamber, which transiently provides a protected environment for protein folding. During evolution, two strategies to close the chaperonin chamber have emerged. Archaeal and eukaryotic group II chaperonins contain a built-in lid, whereas bacterial chaperonins use a ring-shaped cofactor as a detachable lid. Here we show that the built-in lid is an allosteric regulator of group II chaperonins, which helps synchronize the subunits within one ring and, to our surprise, also influences inter-ring communication. The lid is dispensable for substrate binding and ATP hydrolysis, but is required for productive substrate folding. These regulatory functions of the lid may serve to allow the symmetrical chaperonins to function as 'two-stroke' motors and may also provide a timer for substrate encapsulation within the closed chamber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Reissmann
- Department of Biological Sciences and BioX Program, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
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Chen HY, Chu ZM, Ma YH, Zhang Y, Yang SL. Expression and characterization of the chaperonin molecular machine from the hyperthermophilic archaeonPyrococcus furiosus. J Basic Microbiol 2007; 47:132-7. [PMID: 17440915 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.200610215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The chaperonin molecular machine from hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrococcus furiosus was studied in this paper. The Pyrococcus furiosus chaperonin gene (PfCPN) was amplified by PCR from the Pyrococcus furiosus genomic DNA, and expressed in Escherichia coli BL21-Codonplus(DE)(3)-RIL. The recombinant PfCPN was purified to homogeneity by using ion-exchange and size-exclusion chromatography. It was found that the ATPase activity of the PfCPN was highest at 88 degrees C, and there existed a nested cooperativity of the ATPase activity of the PfCPN. This result suggested that nested allosteric behavior may be common to chaperonin molecular machines from archaea. The half-life (t(1/2)) of the ATPase activity of the PfCPN at 100 degrees C was about 60 min. The PfCPN displayed chaperone activity in preventing lysozyme from thermal inactivation. This chaperone activity was in an ATP-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-You Chen
- Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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22
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Zako T, Murase Y, Iizuka R, Yoshida T, Kanzaki T, Ide N, Maeda M, Funatsu T, Yohda M. Localization of Prefoldin Interaction Sites in the Hyperthermophilic Group II Chaperonin and Correlations between Binding Rate and Protein Transfer Rate. J Mol Biol 2006; 364:110-20. [PMID: 17010374 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2006.08.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2006] [Revised: 08/20/2006] [Accepted: 08/29/2006] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Prefoldin is a molecular chaperone that captures a protein-folding intermediate and transfers it to a group II chaperonin for correct folding. The manner by which prefoldin interacts with a group II chaperonin is poorly understood. Here, we have examined the prefoldin interaction site in the archaeal group II chaperonin, comparing the interaction of two Thermococcus chaperonins and their mutants with Pyrococcus prefoldin by surface plasmon resonance. We show that the mutations of Lys250 and Lys256 of Thermococcus alpha chaperonin residues to Glu residues increase the affinity to Pyrococcus prefoldin to the level of Thermococcus beta chaperonin and Pyrococcus chaperonin, indicating that their Glu250 and Glu256 residues of the helical protrusion region are responsible for relatively stronger binding to Pyrococcus prefoldin than Thermococcus alpha chaperonin. Since the putative chaperonin binding sites in the distal ends of Pyrococcus prefoldin are rich in basic residues, electrostatic interaction seems to be important for their interaction. The substrate protein transfer rate from prefoldin correlates well with its affinity for chaperonin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamotsu Zako
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei-Shi, Tokyo, Japan
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Yoshida T, Iizuka R, Itami K, Yasunaga T, Sakuraba H, Ohshima T, Yohda M, Maruyama T. Comparative analysis of the protein folding activities of two chaperonin subunits of Thermococcus strain KS-1: the effects of beryllium fluoride. Extremophiles 2006; 11:225-35. [PMID: 17072688 DOI: 10.1007/s00792-006-0026-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2006] [Accepted: 08/31/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
We conducted a comparative analysis of the effects of beryllium fluoride (BeFx) on protein folding mediated by the alpha- and beta-subunit homooligomers (alpha16mer or beta16mer) from the hyperthermophilic archaeum Thermococcus strain KS-1. BeFx inhibited the ATPase activities of both alpha16mer and beta16mer with equal efficiency. This indicated that BeFx replaces the gamma-phosphate of chaperonin-bound ATP, thereby forming a stable chaperonin-ADP-BeFx complex. In the presence of ATP and BeFx, both of the two chaperonin subunits mediated green fluorescent protein (GFP) folding. Gel filtration chromatography revealed that the refolded GFP was retained by both chaperonins. Protease digestion and electron microscopic analyses showed that both chaperonin-ADP-BeFx complexes of the two subunits adopted a symmetric closed conformation with the built-in lids of both rings closed and that protein folding took place in their central cavities. These data indicated that basic protein folding mechanisms of alpha16mer and beta16mer are likely similar although there were some apparent differences. While beta16mer-mediated GFP refolding in the presence of ATP-BeFx that proceeded more rapidly than in the presence of ATP alone and reached a twofold higher plateau than that achieved with AMP-PNP, the folding mediated by the alpha16mer that proceeded with much lower yields. A mutant of alpha16mer, trapalpha, which traps the unfolded and partially folded substrate protein, did not affect the ATP-BeFx-dependent GFP folding by beta16mer but it suppressed that mediated by alpha16mer to the level of spontaneous folding. These results suggested that beta16mer differed from the alpha16mer in nucleotide binding affinity or the rate of nucleotide hydrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takao Yoshida
- Research Program for Marine Biology and Ecology, Extremobiosphere Research Center, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, 2-15 Natsushima-cho, Yokosuka, 237-0061, Japan,
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Bigotti MG, Bellamy SRW, Clarke AR. The asymmetric ATPase cycle of the thermosome: elucidation of the binding, hydrolysis and product-release steps. J Mol Biol 2006; 362:835-43. [PMID: 16942780 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2006.07.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2006] [Revised: 07/26/2006] [Accepted: 07/26/2006] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Using a combination of intrinsic fluorescence to report ATP-induced rearrangements, quenched-flow to measure ATP hydrolysis "on-enzyme" and optical methods to probe the kinetics of product release, we have begun to dissect the process of energy transduction in the thermosome, a type II chaperonin from Thermoplasma acidophilum. Stoichiometric measurements of ATP binding reveal the tight association of eight nucleotide molecules per hexa-decamer, implying the filling of only one ring owing to strong negative cooperativity. After binding, we show that these eight ATP molecules are hydrolysed over the next 50 s, after which hydrolysis slows down markedly during the establishment of the steady state in the ATPase reaction, demonstrating that the kinetic system is off-rate limited. Looking in more detail, this rapid first-turnover can be dissected into two phases; the first occurring with a half-time of 0.8 s, the second with a half-time of 14 s, possibly reflecting the differential behaviour of the four alpha and four beta subunits in a single thermosome ring. To investigate the post-hydrolytic events, we used two heat-stable enzyme-linked optical assays to measure the rate of evolution of ADP and of phosphate from the thermosome active site. Neither product showed a rapid dissociation phase prior to the establishment of the steady state, showing that both are released slowly at a rate that limits the cycle. These data highlight the importance of the highly populated thermosome/ADP/Pi complex in the molecular mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Giulia Bigotti
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medical Sciences, University of Bristol, University Walk, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK.
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