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Minakata S, Manabe S, Inai Y, Ikezaki M, Nishitsuji K, Ito Y, Ihara Y. Protein C-Mannosylation and C-Mannosyl Tryptophan in Chemical Biology and Medicine. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26175258. [PMID: 34500691 PMCID: PMC8433626 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26175258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
C-Mannosylation is a post-translational modification of proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum. Monomeric α-mannose is attached to specific Trp residues at the first Trp in the Trp-x-x-Trp/Cys (W-x-x-W/C) motif of substrate proteins, by the action of C-mannosyltransferases, DPY19-related gene products. The acceptor substrate proteins are included in the thrombospondin type I repeat (TSR) superfamily, cytokine receptor type I family, and others. Previous studies demonstrated that C-mannosylation plays critical roles in the folding, sorting, and/or secretion of substrate proteins. A C-mannosylation-defective gene mutation was identified in humans as the disease-associated variant affecting a C-mannosylation motif of W-x-x-W of ADAMTSL1, which suggests the involvement of defects in protein C-mannosylation in human diseases such as developmental glaucoma, myopia, and/or retinal defects. On the other hand, monomeric C-mannosyl Trp (C-Man-Trp), a deduced degradation product of C-mannosylated proteins, occurs in cells and extracellular fluids. Several studies showed that the level of C-Man-Trp is upregulated in blood of patients with renal dysfunction, suggesting that the metabolism of C-Man-Trp may be involved in human kidney diseases. Together, protein C-mannosylation is considered to play important roles in the biosynthesis and functions of substrate proteins, and the altered regulation of protein C-manosylation may be involved in the pathophysiology of human diseases. In this review, we consider the biochemical and biomedical knowledge of protein C-mannosylation and C-Man-Trp, and introduce recent studies concerning their significance in biology and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiho Minakata
- Department of Biochemistry, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama, Wakayama 641-0012, Japan; (S.M.); (Y.I.); (M.I.); (K.N.)
| | - Shino Manabe
- Pharmaceutical Department, The Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan;
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Development, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science & Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - Yoko Inai
- Department of Biochemistry, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama, Wakayama 641-0012, Japan; (S.M.); (Y.I.); (M.I.); (K.N.)
| | - Midori Ikezaki
- Department of Biochemistry, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama, Wakayama 641-0012, Japan; (S.M.); (Y.I.); (M.I.); (K.N.)
| | - Kazuchika Nishitsuji
- Department of Biochemistry, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama, Wakayama 641-0012, Japan; (S.M.); (Y.I.); (M.I.); (K.N.)
| | - Yukishige Ito
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan;
- RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yoshito Ihara
- Department of Biochemistry, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama, Wakayama 641-0012, Japan; (S.M.); (Y.I.); (M.I.); (K.N.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-73-441-0628
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C‑mannosylation of R‑spondin2 activates Wnt/β‑catenin signaling and migration activity in human tumor cells. Int J Oncol 2019; 54:2127-2138. [PMID: 30942431 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2019.4767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
R‑spondin2 (Rspo2), one of the four members of the R‑spondin family of proteins, has agonistic activity in the Wnt/β‑catenin signaling pathway, and it is associated with normal development, as well as disease, such as cancer. The present study focused on the C‑mannosylation of Rspo2, which is a novel and unique type of glycosylation that occurs via a C‑C linkage between the tryptophan residue and an α‑mannose. Although Rspo2 has two putative C‑mannosylation sites at residues Trp150 and Trp153, it had not been reported to date whether these sites are C‑mannosylated. Firstly, results from mass spectrometry demonstrated that Rspo2 was C‑mannosylated at the Trp150 and Trp153 residues. Notably, while this C‑mannosylation of Rspo2 resulted in increased extracellular secretion in human fibrosarcoma HT1080 cells, in other human tumor cell lines it inhibited secretion. However, C‑mannosylation had consistent effects on the activation of Wnt/β‑catenin signaling in PANC1 and MDA‑MB‑231 cells, as well as HT1080 cells. Furthermore, overexpression of wild‑type Rspo2 significantly increased the migratory ability of A549 and HT1080 cells, whereas overexpression of a C‑mannosylation‑defective mutant enhanced migration to a lesser degree. These results suggested that C‑mannosylation of Rspo2 may promote cancer progression and that the inhibition of C‑mannosylation may serve as a potential novel therapeutic approach for cancer therapy.
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Dutta D, Mandal C, Mandal C. Unusual glycosylation of proteins: Beyond the universal sequon and other amino acids. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2017; 1861:3096-3108. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2017.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Revised: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Iorio M, Sasso O, Maffioli SI, Bertorelli R, Monciardini P, Sosio M, Bonezzi F, Summa M, Brunati C, Bordoni R, Corti G, Tarozzo G, Piomelli D, Reggiani A, Donadio S. A glycosylated, labionin-containing lanthipeptide with marked antinociceptive activity. ACS Chem Biol 2014; 9:398-404. [PMID: 24191663 DOI: 10.1021/cb400692w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Among the growing family of ribosomally synthesized, post-translationally modified peptides, particularly intriguing are class III lanthipeptides containing the triamino acid labionin. In the course of a screening program aimed at finding bacterial cell wall inhibitors, we discovered a new lanthipeptide produced by an Actinoplanes sp. The molecule, designated NAI-112, consists of 22 amino acids and contains an N-terminal labionin and a C-terminal methyl-labionin. Unique among lanthipeptides, it carries a 6-deoxyhexose moiety N-linked to a tryptophan residue. Consistently, the corresponding gene cluster encodes, in addition to the LanKC enzyme characteristic of this lanthipeptide class, a glycosyl transferase. Despite possessing weak antibacterial activity, NAI-112 is effective in experimental models of nociceptive pain, reducing pain symptoms in mice in both the formalin and the chronic constriction injury tests. Thus, NAI-112 represents, after the labyrinthopeptins, the second example of a lanthipeptide effective against nociceptive pain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Oscar Sasso
- Department
of Drug Discovery and Development, Italian Institute of Technology, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | | | - Rosalia Bertorelli
- Department
of Drug Discovery and Development, Italian Institute of Technology, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | | | | | - Fabiola Bonezzi
- Department
of Drug Discovery and Development, Italian Institute of Technology, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Maria Summa
- Department
of Drug Discovery and Development, Italian Institute of Technology, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | | | - Roberta Bordoni
- Institute
of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council, Via Fratelli Cervi 93, 20090 Segrate, Italy
| | - Giorgio Corti
- Institute
of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council, Via Fratelli Cervi 93, 20090 Segrate, Italy
| | - Glauco Tarozzo
- Department
of Drug Discovery and Development, Italian Institute of Technology, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Daniele Piomelli
- Department
of Drug Discovery and Development, Italian Institute of Technology, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Angelo Reggiani
- Department
of Drug Discovery and Development, Italian Institute of Technology, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
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Zou S, Huang S, Kaleem I, Li C. N-Glycosylation enhances functional and structural stability of recombinant β-glucuronidase expressed in Pichia pastoris. J Biotechnol 2013; 164:75-81. [PMID: 23313889 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2012.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2012] [Revised: 12/19/2012] [Accepted: 12/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Recombinant β-glucuronidase (GUS) expressed in Pichia pastoris GS115 is an important glycoprotein, encoded by a gene with four potential N-glycosylation sites. To investigate the impact of N-linked carbohydrate moieties on the stability of recombinant GUS, it was deglycosylated by peptide-N-glycosidase F (PNGase-F) under native conditions. The enzymatic activities of the glycosylated and deglycosylated GUS were compared under various conditions such as temperature, pH, organic solvents, detergents and chaotropic agent. The results demonstrated that the glycosylated GUS retained greater fraction of maximum enzymatic activity against various types of denaturants compared with the deglycosylated. The conformational stabilities of both GUS were analyzed by monitoring the unfolding equilibrium by using the denaturant guanidinium chloride (dn-HCl). The glycosylated GUS displayed a significant increase in its conformational stability than the deglycosylated counterpart. These results affirmed the key role of N-glycosylation on the structural and functional stability of β-glucuronidase and could have potential applications in the functional enhancement of industrial enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuping Zou
- Institute of Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China
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Wranik BJ, Christensen EL, Schaefer G, Jackman JK, Vendel AC, Eaton D. LUZ-Y, a novel platform for the mammalian cell production of full-length IgG-bispecific antibodies. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:43331-9. [PMID: 23118228 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.397869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of bispecific antibodies to simultaneously bind two unique antigens has great clinical potential. However, most approaches utilized to generate bispecific antibodies yield antibody-like structures that diverge significantly from the structure of archetype human IgG, and those that do approach structural similarity to native antibodies are often challenging to engineer and manufacture. Here, we present a novel platform for the mammalian cell production of bispecific antibodies that differ from their parental mAbs by only a single point mutation per heavy chain. Central to this platform is the addition of a leucine zipper to the C terminus of the C(H)3 domain of the antibody that is sufficient to drive the heterodimeric assembly of antibody heavy chains and can be readily removed post-purification. Using this approach, we developed various antibody constructs including one-armed Abs, bispecific antibodies that utilize a common light chain, and bispecific antibodies that pair light chains to their cognate heavy chains via peptide tethers. We have applied this technology to various antibody pairings and will demonstrate the engineering, purification, and biological activity of these antibodies herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernd J Wranik
- Department of Protein Chemistry, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
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Abstract
Glycosylation represents the most complex co- and post-translational modification of proteins. In addition to N- and O-glycans, almost all combinations, including the nature of the carbohydrate moiety and the amino-acid involved, but also the type of the chemical linkage, can be isolated from natural glycoconjugates. This diversity correlates with the importance and the variety of the biological processes (and consequently the diseases) glycosides are involved in. This review focuses on rare and unusual glycosylation of peptides and proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Lafite
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique-ICOA, Université d'Orléans, UMR CNRS 7311, Rue de Chartres, BP 6759, 45067 Orléans Cedex 2, France
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Ihara Y, Inai Y, Ikezaki M. Protein C-Mannosylation and Its Prospective Functions in the Cell. TRENDS GLYCOSCI GLYC 2011. [DOI: 10.4052/tigg.23.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Zhao H, Sagert J, Hwang DS, Waite JH. Glycosylated hydroxytryptophan in a mussel adhesive protein from Perna viridis. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:23344-52. [PMID: 19584055 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.022517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl-l-alanine (Dopa)-containing proteins of mussel byssus play a critical role in wet adhesion and have inspired versatile new synthetic strategies for adhesives and coatings. Apparently, however, not all mussel adhesive proteins are beholden to Dopa chemistry. The cDNA-deduced sequence of Pvfp-1, a highly aromatic and redox active byssal coating protein in the green mussel Perna viridis, suggests that Dopa may be replaced by a post-translational modification of tryptophan. The N-terminal tryptophan-rich domain of Pvfp-1 contains 42 decapeptide repeats with the consensus sequences ATPKPW(1)TAW(2)K and APPPAW(1)TAW(2)K. A small collagen domain (18 Gly-X-Y repeats) is also present. Tandem mass spectrometry of isolated tryptic decapeptides has detected both C(2)-hexosylated tryptophan (W(1)) and C(2)-hexosylated hydroxytryptophan (W(2)), the latter of which is redox active. The UV absorbance spectrum of W(2) is consistent with 7-hydroxytryptophan, which represents an intriguing new theme for bioinspired opportunistic wet adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Zhao
- Marine Sciences Institute, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
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Fatima A, Husain Q. A role of glycosyl moieties in the stabilization of bitter gourd (Momordica charantia) peroxidase. Int J Biol Macromol 2007; 41:56-63. [PMID: 17320168 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2006.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2006] [Revised: 12/21/2006] [Accepted: 12/22/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The possible role of carbohydrate moieties in the stabilization of proteins has been investigated by using bitter gourd peroxidase as a model system. A comparative study of glycosylated and non-glycosylated isoenzymes of bitter gourd peroxidase was performed at various temperatures, pH, water-miscible organic solvents, detergents and chaotropic agent like urea. The pH-optima and temperature-optima of both glycosylated and non-glycosylated isoforms of bitter gourd peroxidase remained unchanged. The probes employed were changes in the enzyme activity and fluorescence. The glycosylated form of peroxidase retained greater fraction of enzyme activity against the exposure caused by various physical and chemical denaturants. The unfolding of both forms of enzyme in the presence of high urea concentrations, studied by fluorescence, indicated greater perturbations in the conformation of non-glycosylated preparation. The different properties examined thus indicated that glycosylation plays an important role in the stabilization of native conformation of proteins against the inactivation caused by various types of denaturants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiman Fatima
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202 002, UP, India
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Mitra N, Sinha S, Ramya TNC, Surolia A. N-linked oligosaccharides as outfitters for glycoprotein folding, form and function. Trends Biochem Sci 2006; 31:156-63. [PMID: 16473013 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2006.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 233] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2005] [Revised: 01/06/2006] [Accepted: 01/30/2006] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Glycosylation, particularly N-linked glycosylation, profoundly affects protein folding, oligomerization and stability. The increased efficiency of folding of glycosylated proteins could be due to the chaperone-like activity of glycans, which is observed even when the glycan is not attached to the protein. Covalently linked glycans could also facilitate oligomerization by mediating inter-subunit interactions in the protein or stabilizing the oligomer in other ways. Glycosylation also affects the rate of fibril formation in prion proteins: N-glycans reduce the rate of fibril formation, and O-glycans affect the rate either way depending on factors such as position and orientation. It has yet to be determined whether there is any correlation among the sites of glycosylation and the ensuing effect in multiply glycosylated proteins. It is also not apparent whether there is a common pattern in the conservation of glycans in a related family of glycoproteins, but it is evident that glycosylation is a multifaceted post-translational modification. Indeed, glycosylation serves to "outfit" proteins for fold-function balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nivedita Mitra
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India
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