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Ni Y, Chen H, Zhan Q, Zhuang Z. Nuclear export of PML promotes p53-mediated apoptosis and ferroptosis. Cell Signal 2024; 121:111278. [PMID: 38944257 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2024.111278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
Promyelocytic leukemia protein (PML), a tumor suppressor protein, plays a key role in cell cycle regulation, apoptosis, senescence and cellular metabolism. Here, we report that PML promotes apoptosis and ferroptosis. Our data showed that PML over-expression inhibited cell proliferation and migration. PML over-expression increased apoptotic cells, nuclear condensation and the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, accompanied by regulation of Bcl-2 family proteins and reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, suggesting that PML enhanced apoptosis. Meanwhile, PML over-expression not only increased lipid ROS accumulation and Malondialdehyde (MDA) content but also downregulated solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11) and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) expression, indicating that PML enhanced ferroptosis. Additionally, knockdown of p53 attenuated the effect of PML on SLC7A11 and GPX4, and inhibited the increase of lipid ROS and ROS by PML over-expression. Moreover, translocation of PML from nucleus to cytoplasm not only promoted apoptosis and ferroptosis, but also inhibited cell proliferation. Taken together, PML promotes apoptosis and ferroptosis, in which the mediation of p53 and the nuclear export of PML play important roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Ni
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China; Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Hongce Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China.
| | - Qiuqiang Zhan
- Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Zhengfei Zhuang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China.
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2
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Rérolle D, de Thé H. The PML hub: An emerging actor of leukemia therapies. J Exp Med 2023; 220:e20221213. [PMID: 37382966 PMCID: PMC10309189 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20221213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
PML assembles into nuclear domains that have attracted considerable attention from cell and cancer biologists. Upon stress, PML nuclear bodies modulate sumoylation and other post-translational modifications, providing an integrated molecular framework for the multiple roles of PML in apoptosis, senescence, or metabolism. PML is both a sensor and an effector of oxidative stress. Emerging data has demonstrated its key role in promoting therapy response in several hematological malignancies. While these membrane-less nuclear hubs can enforce efficient cancer cell clearance, their downstream pathways deserve better characterization. PML NBs are druggable and their known modulators may have broader clinical utilities than initially thought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domitille Rérolle
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, Collège de France, Inserm, PSL Research University, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm U944, CNRS, GenCellDis, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | - Hugues de Thé
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, Collège de France, Inserm, PSL Research University, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm U944, CNRS, GenCellDis, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, Paris, France
- Chaire d'Oncologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, Collège de France, Paris, France
- Service d'Hématologie Biologique, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital St. Louis, Paris, France
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3
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Datta N, Chakraborty S, Basu M, Ghosh MK. Tumor Suppressors Having Oncogenic Functions: The Double Agents. Cells 2020; 10:cells10010046. [PMID: 33396222 PMCID: PMC7824251 DOI: 10.3390/cells10010046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer progression involves multiple genetic and epigenetic events, which involve gain-of-functions of oncogenes and loss-of-functions of tumor suppressor genes. Classical tumor suppressor genes are recessive in nature, anti-proliferative, and frequently found inactivated or mutated in cancers. However, extensive research over the last few years have elucidated that certain tumor suppressor genes do not conform to these standard definitions and might act as “double agents”, playing contrasting roles in vivo in cells, where either due to haploinsufficiency, epigenetic hypermethylation, or due to involvement with multiple genetic and oncogenic events, they play an enhanced proliferative role and facilitate the pathogenesis of cancer. This review discusses and highlights some of these exceptions; the genetic events, cellular contexts, and mechanisms by which four important tumor suppressors—pRb, PTEN, FOXO, and PML display their oncogenic potentials and pro-survival traits in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neerajana Datta
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (CSIR-IICB), TRUE Campus, CN-6, Sector–V, Salt Lake, Kolkata-700091 & 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata-700032, India; (N.D.); (S.C.)
| | - Shrabastee Chakraborty
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (CSIR-IICB), TRUE Campus, CN-6, Sector–V, Salt Lake, Kolkata-700091 & 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata-700032, India; (N.D.); (S.C.)
| | - Malini Basu
- Department of Microbiology, Dhruba Chand Halder College, Dakshin Barasat, South 24 Paraganas, West Bengal PIN-743372, India;
| | - Mrinal K. Ghosh
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (CSIR-IICB), TRUE Campus, CN-6, Sector–V, Salt Lake, Kolkata-700091 & 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata-700032, India; (N.D.); (S.C.)
- Correspondence:
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4
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Banella C, Catalano G, Travaglini S, Divona M, Masciarelli S, Guerrera G, Fazi F, Lo-Coco F, Voso MT, Noguera NI. PML/RARa Interferes with NRF2 Transcriptional Activity Increasing the Sensitivity to Ascorbate of Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 12:cancers12010095. [PMID: 31905996 PMCID: PMC7016898 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12010095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
NRF2 (NF-E2 p45-related factor 2) orchestrates cellular adaptive responses to stress. Its quantity and subcellular location is controlled through a complex network and its activity increases during redox perturbation, inflammation, growth factor stimulation, and energy fluxes. Even before all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) treatment era it was a common experience that acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) cells are highly sensitive to first line chemotherapy. Since we demonstrated how high doses of ascorbate (ASC) preferentially kill leukemic blast cells from APL patients, we aimed to define the underlying mechanism and found that promyelocytic leukemia/retinoic acid receptor α (PML/RARa) inhibits NRF2 function, impedes its transfer to the nucleus and enhances its degradation in the cytoplasm. Such loss of NRF2 function alters cell metabolism, demarcating APL tissue from both normal promyelocytes and other acute myeloide leukemia (AML) blast cells. Resistance to ATRA/arsenic trioxide (ATO) treatment is rare but grave and the metabolically-oriented treatment with high doses of ASC, which is highly effective on APL cells and harmless on normal hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), could be of use in preventing clonal evolution and in rescuing APL-resistant patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Banella
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University of Rome, 00133 Rome, Italy; (C.B.); (G.C.); (S.T.); (F.L.-C.); (M.T.V.)
- Neuro-Oncohematology Unit, Fondazione Santa Lucia, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (I.R.C.C.S.), 00143 Rome, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Catalano
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University of Rome, 00133 Rome, Italy; (C.B.); (G.C.); (S.T.); (F.L.-C.); (M.T.V.)
- Neuro-Oncohematology Unit, Fondazione Santa Lucia, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (I.R.C.C.S.), 00143 Rome, Italy
| | - Serena Travaglini
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University of Rome, 00133 Rome, Italy; (C.B.); (G.C.); (S.T.); (F.L.-C.); (M.T.V.)
| | | | - Silvia Masciarelli
- Istituto di Istologia ed Embriologia, Universita Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy;
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, I.R.C.C.S., 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic & Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Gisella Guerrera
- Neuroimmunology and Flow Cytometry Units, Fondazione Santa Lucia I.R.C.C.S., 00143 Rome, Italy;
| | - Francesco Fazi
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic & Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Francesco Lo-Coco
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University of Rome, 00133 Rome, Italy; (C.B.); (G.C.); (S.T.); (F.L.-C.); (M.T.V.)
- Neuro-Oncohematology Unit, Fondazione Santa Lucia, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (I.R.C.C.S.), 00143 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Voso
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University of Rome, 00133 Rome, Italy; (C.B.); (G.C.); (S.T.); (F.L.-C.); (M.T.V.)
- Neuro-Oncohematology Unit, Fondazione Santa Lucia, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (I.R.C.C.S.), 00143 Rome, Italy
| | - Nelida Ines Noguera
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University of Rome, 00133 Rome, Italy; (C.B.); (G.C.); (S.T.); (F.L.-C.); (M.T.V.)
- Neuro-Oncohematology Unit, Fondazione Santa Lucia, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (I.R.C.C.S.), 00143 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-065-0170-3214; Fax: +39-065-0170-3318
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5
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Guan D, Kao HY. The function, regulation and therapeutic implications of the tumor suppressor protein, PML. Cell Biosci 2015; 5:60. [PMID: 26539288 PMCID: PMC4632682 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-015-0051-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor suppressor protein, promyelocytic leukemia protein (PML), was originally identified in acute promyelocytic leukemia due to a chromosomal translocation between chromosomes 15 and 17. PML is the core component of subnuclear structures called PML nuclear bodies (PML-NBs), which are disrupted in acute promyelocytic leukemia cells. PML plays important roles in cell cycle regulation, survival and apoptosis, and inactivation or down-regulation of PML is frequently found in cancer cells. More than 120 proteins have been experimentally identified to physically associate with PML, and most of them either transiently or constitutively co-localize with PML-NBs. These interactions are associated with many cellular processes, including cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, senescence, transcriptional regulation, DNA repair and intermediary metabolism. Importantly, PML inactivation in cancer cells can occur at the transcriptional-, translational- or post-translational- levels. However, only a few somatic mutations have been found in cancer cells. A better understanding of its regulation and its role in tumor suppression will provide potential therapeutic opportunities. In this review, we discuss the role of PML in multiple tumor suppression pathways and summarize the players and stimuli that control PML protein expression or subcellular distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyin Guan
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, and Comprehensive Cancer Center of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA
| | - Hung-Ying Kao
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, and Comprehensive Cancer Center of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA
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6
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Jin G, Gao Y, Lin HK. Cytoplasmic PML: from molecular regulation to biological functions. J Cell Biochem 2014; 115:812-8. [PMID: 24288198 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2013] [Accepted: 11/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The tumor suppressor promyelocytic leukemia protein (PML) is predominantly localized in the nucleus, where it is essential for the formation and stabilization of the PML nuclear bodies (PML-NBs). PML-NBs are involved in the regulation of numerous cellular functions, such as tumorigenesis, DNA damage and antiviral responses. Despite its nuclear localization, a small portion of PML has been found in the cytoplasm. A number of studies recently demonstrated that the cytoplasmic PML (cPML) has diverse functions in many cellular processes including tumorigenesis, metabolism, antiviral responses, cell cycle regulation, and laminopothies. In this prospective, we will summarize the current viewpoints on the regulation and biological significance of cPML and discuss the important questions that still need to be further answered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoxiang Jin
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, 77030
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7
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Guan D, Lim JH, Peng L, Liu Y, Lam M, Seto E, Kao HY. Deacetylation of the tumor suppressor protein PML regulates hydrogen peroxide-induced cell death. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1340. [PMID: 25032863 PMCID: PMC4123062 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Revised: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The promyelocytic leukemia protein (PML) is a tumor suppressor that is expressed at a low level in various cancers. Although post-translational modifications including SUMOylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination have been found to regulate the stability or activity of PML, little is known about the role of its acetylation in the control of cell survival. Here we demonstrate that acetylation of lysine 487 (K487) and SUMO1 conjugation of K490 at PML protein are mutually exclusive. We found that hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) promotes PML deacetylation and identified SIRT1 and SIRT5 as PML deacetylases. Both SIRT1 and SIRT5 are required for H2O2-mediated deacetylation of PML and accumulation of nuclear PML protein in HeLa cells. Knockdown of SIRT1 reduces the number of H2O2-induced PML-nuclear bodies (NBs) and increases the survival of HeLa cells. Ectopic expression of wild-type PML but not the K487R mutant rescues H2O2-induced cell death in SIRT1 knockdown cells. Furthermore, ectopic expression of wild-type SIRT5 but not a catalytic defective mutant can also restore H2O2-induced cell death in SIRT1 knockdown cells. Taken together, our findings reveal a novel regulatory mechanism in which SIRT1/SIRT5-mediated PML deacetylation plays a role in the regulation of cancer cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Guan
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, and Comprehensive Cancer Center of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - J H Lim
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, and Comprehensive Cancer Center of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - L Peng
- H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Y Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, and Comprehensive Cancer Center of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - M Lam
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - E Seto
- H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - H-Y Kao
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, and Comprehensive Cancer Center of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
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8
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Marchwicka A, Cebrat M, Sampath P, Snieżewski L, Marcinkowska E. Perspectives of differentiation therapies of acute myeloid leukemia: the search for the molecular basis of patients' variable responses to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin d and vitamin d analogs. Front Oncol 2014; 4:125. [PMID: 24904835 PMCID: PMC4034350 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2014.00125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The concept of differentiation therapy of cancer is ~40 years old. Despite many encouraging results obtained in laboratories, both in vitro and in vivo studies, the only really successful clinical application of differentiation therapy was all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA)-based therapy of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). ATRA, which induces granulocytic differentiation of APL leukemic blasts, has revolutionized the therapy of this disease by converting it from a fatal to a curable one. However, ATRA does not work for other acute myeloid leukemias (AMLs). Since 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25D) is capable of inducing monocytic differentiation of leukemic cells, the idea of treating other AMLs with vitamin D analogs (VDAs) was widely accepted. Also, some types of solid cancers responded to in vitro applied VDAs, and hence it was postulated that VDAs can be used in many clinical applications. However, early clinical trials in which cancer patients were treated either with 1,25D or with VDAs, did not lead to conclusive results. In order to search for a molecular basis of such unpredictable responses of AML patients toward VDAs, we performed ex vivo experiments using patient’s blast cells. Experiments were also performed using 1,25D-responsive and 1,25D-non-responsive cell lines, to study their mechanisms of resistance toward 1,25D-induced differentiation. We found that one of the possible reasons might be due to a very low expression level of vitamin D receptor (VDR) mRNA in resistant cells, which can be increased by exposing the cells to ATRA. Our considerations concerning the molecular mechanism behind the low VDR expression and its regulation by ATRA are reported in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Małgorzata Cebrat
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Immunology, Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Science , Wroclaw , Poland
| | - Preetha Sampath
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw , Wroclaw , Poland
| | - Lukasz Snieżewski
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Immunology, Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Science , Wroclaw , Poland
| | - Ewa Marcinkowska
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw , Wroclaw , Poland
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9
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Martin-Martin N, Sutherland JD, Carracedo A. PML: Not all about Tumor Suppression. Front Oncol 2013; 3:200. [PMID: 23936764 PMCID: PMC3732998 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2013.00200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2013] [Accepted: 07/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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10
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Jin G, Wang YJ, Lin HK. Emerging Cellular Functions of Cytoplasmic PML. Front Oncol 2013; 3:147. [PMID: 23761861 PMCID: PMC3674320 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2013.00147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2013] [Accepted: 05/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor suppressor promyelocytic leukemia protein (PML) is located primarily in the nucleus, where it is the scaffold component of the PML nuclear bodies (PML-NBs). PML-NBs regulate multiple cellular functions, such as apoptosis, senescence, DNA damage response, and resistance to viral infection. Despite its nuclear localization, a small portion of PML has been identified in the cytoplasm. The cytoplasmic PML (cPML) could be originally derived from the retention of exported nuclear PML (nPML). In addition, bona fide cPML isoforms devoid of nuclear localization signal (NLS) have also been identified. Recently, emerging evidence showed that cPML performs its specific cellular functions in tumorigenesis, glycolysis, antiviral responses, laminopothies, and cell cycle regulation. In this review, we will summarize the emerging roles of cPML in cellular functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoxiang Jin
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX , USA
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11
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Tan Y, Bian S, Xu Z, Chen X, Qi X, Ren F, Li L, Guo H, Xu A, Zhang L, Wang H. The short isoform of the long-typePML-RARAfusion gene in acute promyelocytic leukaemia lacks sensitivity to all-trans-retinoic acid. Br J Haematol 2013; 162:93-7. [PMID: 23627671 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.12362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2012] [Accepted: 03/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Tan
- Department of Hematology; The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University; Taiyuan; China
| | - Sicheng Bian
- Department of Hematology; The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University; Taiyuan; China
| | - Zhifang Xu
- Department of Hematology; The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University; Taiyuan; China
| | - Xiuhua Chen
- Department of Hematology; The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University; Taiyuan; China
| | - Xiling Qi
- Department of Hematology; The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University; Taiyuan; China
| | - Fanggang Ren
- Department of Hematology; The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University; Taiyuan; China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Hematology; The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University; Taiyuan; China
| | - Haixiu Guo
- Department of Hematology; The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University; Taiyuan; China
| | - Aining Xu
- Department of Hematology; The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University; Taiyuan; China
| | - Linlin Zhang
- Department of Hematology; The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University; Taiyuan; China
| | - Hongwei Wang
- Department of Hematology; The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University; Taiyuan; China
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12
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Selective inhibition of the NLRP3 inflammasome by targeting to promyelocytic leukemia protein in mouse and human. Blood 2013; 121:3185-94. [DOI: 10.1182/blood-2012-05-432104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Key Points
PML selectively activates NLRP3 inflammasome. Targeting to PML could be used to attenuate NLRP3 inflammasome–associated pathogenesis.
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13
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Houben F, De Vos WH, Krapels IPC, Coorens M, Kierkels GJJ, Kamps MAF, Verstraeten VLRM, Marcelis CLM, van den Wijngaard A, Ramaekers FCS, Broers JLV. Cytoplasmic localization of PML particles in laminopathies. Histochem Cell Biol 2012; 139:119-34. [PMID: 22918509 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-012-1005-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/23/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
There is growing evidence that laminopathies, diseases associated with mutations in the LMNA gene, are caused by a combination of mechanical and gene regulatory distortions. Strikingly, there is a large variability in disease symptoms between individual patients carrying an identical LMNA mutation. This is why classical genetic screens for mutations appear to have limited predictive value for disease development. Recently, the widespread occurrence of repetitive nuclear ruptures has been described in fibroblast cultures from various laminopathy patients. Since this phenomenon was strongly correlated with disease severity, the identification of biomarkers that report on these rupture events could have diagnostic relevance. One such candidate marker is the PML nuclear body, a structure that is normally confined to the nuclear interior, but leaks out of the nucleus upon nuclear rupture. Here, we show that a variety of laminopathies shows the presence of these cytoplasmic PML particles (PML CPs), and that the amount of these protein aggregates increases with severity of the disease. In addition, between clinically healthy individuals, carrying LMNA mutations, significant differences can be found. Therefore, we postulate that detection of PML CPs in patient fibroblasts could become a valuable marker for diagnosis of disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Houben
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, CARIM, School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University Medical Center, UNS50 Box 17, P.O. Box 616, NL-6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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14
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Abstract
The promyelocytic leukaemia gene PML was originally identified at the t(15;17) translocation of acute promyelocytic leukaemia, which generates the oncogene PML-retinoic acid receptor α. PML epitomises a subnuclear structure called PML nuclear body. Current models propose that PML through its scaffold properties is able to control cell growth and survival at many different levels. Here we discuss the current literature and propose new avenues for investigation.
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Methyl-β-cyclodextrin induces programmed cell death in chronic myeloid leukemia cells and, combined with imatinib, produces a synergistic downregulation of ERK/SPK1 signaling. Anticancer Drugs 2012; 23:22-31. [DOI: 10.1097/cad.0b013e32834a099c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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16
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Carracedo A, Ito K, Pandolfi PP. The nuclear bodies inside out: PML conquers the cytoplasm. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2011; 23:360-6. [PMID: 21501958 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2011.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2011] [Revised: 03/11/2011] [Accepted: 03/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The promyelocytic leukemia (PML) protein is the core component of nuclear substructures that host more than 70 proteins, termed nuclear domains 10 or PML-nuclear bodies. PML was first identified as the gene participating in the translocation responsible for the pathogenesis of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). The notion that PML is a tumor suppressor gene was soon extrapolated from leukemia to solid tumors. The last decade has radically changed the view of how this tumor suppressor is regulated, how it can be therapeutically targeted, and how it functions. Notably, one of the most recent and striking features uncovered is how PML regulates cellular homeostasis outside its original niche in the nucleus. These new findings open an exciting new area of research in extra-nuclear PML functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arkaitz Carracedo
- CIC bioGUNE, Technology Park of Bizkaia, 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
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17
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Sukhai MA, Thomas M, Hamadanizadeh SA, Xuan Y, Wells RA, Kamel-Reid S. Correlation among nuclear localization of NuMA-RARα, deregulation of gene expression and leukemic phenotype of hCG-NuMA-RARα transgenic mice. Leuk Res 2011; 35:670-6. [PMID: 21255834 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2010.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2010] [Revised: 12/13/2010] [Accepted: 12/13/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is a model system of aberrant transcription in cancer. We sought to elucidate the mechanism of action of the variant fusion NuMA-RARα in APL, using the hCG-NuMA-RARα transgenic model. We report that subcellular localization of NuMA-RARα in transgenic mice is dependent upon its protein expression and transgene dosage. Subcellular localization of the fusion is inversely correlated with extent of gene deregulation at the mRNA level for Cebpα, Cebpɛ and Pu.1. Finally, we report that phenotype onset is correlated with NuMA-RARα copy number; mice with higher copy number developing disease later than those with lower copy number.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahadeo A Sukhai
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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18
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Autophagy contributes to therapy-induced degradation of the PML/RARA oncoprotein. Blood 2010; 116:2324-31. [PMID: 20574048 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2010-01-261040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) with all-trans retinoic acid and/or arsenic trioxide represents a paradigm in targeted cancer therapy because these drugs cause clinical remission by affecting the stability of the fusion oncoprotein promyelocytic leukemia (PML)/retinoic acid receptor alpha (RARA). The authors of previous studies have implicated the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway as the main mechanism involved in therapy-induced PML/RARA degradation. Here we have investigated a role of autophagy, a protein degradation pathway that involves proteolysis of intracellular material within lysosomes. We found that both all-trans retinoic acid and arsenic trioxide induce autophagy via the mammalian target of rapamycin pathway in APL cells and that autophagic degradation contributes significantly both to the basal turnover as well as the therapy-induced proteolysis of PML/RARA. In addition, we observed a correlation between autophagy and therapy-induced differentiation of APL cells. Given the central role of the PML/RARA oncoprotein in APL pathogenesis, this study highlights an important role of autophagy in the development and treatment of this disease.
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19
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Ryan CM, Kindle KB, Collins HM, Heery DM. SUMOylation regulates the nuclear mobility of CREB binding protein and its association with nuclear bodies in live cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2009; 391:1136-41. [PMID: 20006587 PMCID: PMC2824845 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.12.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2009] [Accepted: 12/10/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The lysine acetyltransferase CREB binding protein (CBP) is required for chromatin modification and transcription at many gene promoters. In fixed cells, a large proportion of CBP colocalises to PML or nuclear bodies. Using live cell imaging, we show here that YFP-tagged CBP expressed in HEK293 cells undergoes gradual accumulation in nuclear bodies, some of which are mobile and migrate towards the nuclear envelope. Deletion of a short lysine-rich domain that contains the major SUMO acceptor sites of CBP abrogated its ability to be SUMO modified, and prevented its association with endogenous SUMO-1/PML speckles in vivo. This SUMO-defective CBP showed enhanced ability to co-activate AML1-mediated transcription. Deletion mapping revealed that the SUMO-modified region was not sufficient for targeting CBP to PML bodies, as C-terminally truncated mutants containing this domain showed a strong reduction in accumulation at PML bodies. Fluorescence recovery after photo-bleaching (FRAP) experiments revealed that YFP–CBPΔ998–1087 had a retarded recovery time in the nucleus, as compared to YFP–CBP. These results indicate that SUMOylation regulates CBP function by influencing its shuttling between nuclear bodies and chromatin microenvironments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colm M Ryan
- Gene Regulation Group, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
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20
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21
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Jul-Larsen A, Grudic A, Bjerkvig R, Bøe SO. Cell-cycle regulation and dynamics of cytoplasmic compartments containing the promyelocytic leukemia protein and nucleoporins. J Cell Sci 2009; 122:1201-10. [PMID: 19339552 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.040840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleoporins and the promyelocytic leukemia protein (PML) represent structural entities of nuclear pore complexes and PML nuclear bodies, respectively. In addition, these proteins might function in a common biological mechanism, because at least two different nucleoporins, Nup98 and Nup214, as well as PML, can become aberrantly expressed as oncogenic fusion proteins in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells. Here we show that PML and nucleoporins become directed to common cytoplasmic compartments during the mitosis-to-G1 transition of the cell cycle. These protein assemblies, which we have termed CyPNs (cytoplasmic assemblies of PML and nucleoporins), move on the microtubular network and become stably connected to the nuclear membrane once contact with the nucleus has been made. The ability of PML to target CyPNs depends on its nuclear localization signal, and loss of PML causes an increase in cytoplasmic-bound versus nuclear-membrane-bound nucleoporins. CyPNs are also targeted by the acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) fusion protein PML-RARalpha and can be readily detected within the APL cell line NB4. These results provide insight into a dynamic pool of cytoplasmic nucleoporins that form a complex with the tumor suppressor protein PML during the G1 phase of the cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asne Jul-Larsen
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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22
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Reineke EL, Kao HY. Targeting promyelocytic leukemia protein: a means to regulating PML nuclear bodies. Int J Biol Sci 2009; 5:366-76. [PMID: 19471587 PMCID: PMC2686094 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.5.366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2009] [Accepted: 05/06/2009] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The promyelocytic leukemia protein (PML) is involved in many cellular processes including cell cycle progression, DNA damage response, transcriptional regulation, viral infection, and apoptosis. These cellular activities often rely on the localization of PML to unique subnuclear structures known as PML nuclear bodies (NBs). More than 50 cellular proteins are known to traffic in and out of PML NBs, either transiently or constitutively. In order to understand the dynamics of these NBs, it is important to delineate the regulation of PML itself. PML is subject to extensive regulation at transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and post-translational levels. Many of these modes of regulation depend on the cellular context and the presence of extracellular signals. This review focuses on the current knowledge of regulation of PML under normal cellular conditions as well as the role for regulation of PML in viral infection and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin L Reineke
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University and the Comprehensive Cancer Center of CWRU, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
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23
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Bellodi C, Lidonnici MR, Hamilton A, Helgason GV, Soliera AR, Ronchetti M, Galavotti S, Young KW, Selmi T, Yacobi R, Van Etten RA, Donato N, Hunter A, Dinsdale D, Tirrò E, Vigneri P, Nicotera P, Dyer MJ, Holyoake T, Salomoni P, Calabretta B. Targeting autophagy potentiates tyrosine kinase inhibitor-induced cell death in Philadelphia chromosome-positive cells, including primary CML stem cells. J Clin Invest 2009; 119:1109-23. [PMID: 19363292 DOI: 10.1172/jci35660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 454] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2008] [Accepted: 02/11/2009] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Imatinib mesylate (IM), a potent inhibitor of the BCR/ABL tyrosine kinase, has become standard first-line therapy for patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), but the frequency of resistance increases in advancing stages of disease. Elimination of BCR/ABL-dependent intracellular signals triggers apoptosis, but it is unclear whether this activates additional cell survival and/or death pathways. We have shown here that IM induces autophagy in CML blast crisis cell lines, CML primary cells, and p210BCR/ABL-expressing myeloid precursor cells. IM-induced autophagy did not involve c-Abl or Bcl-2 activity but was associated with ER stress and was suppressed by depletion of intracellular Ca2+, suggesting it is mechanistically nonoverlapping with IM-induced apoptosis. We further demonstrated that suppression of autophagy using either pharmacological inhibitors or RNA interference of essential autophagy genes enhanced cell death induced by IM in cell lines and primary CML cells. Critically, the combination of a tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), i.e., IM, nilotinib, or dasatinib, with inhibitors of autophagy resulted in near complete elimination of phenotypically and functionally defined CML stem cells. Together, these findings suggest that autophagy inhibitors may enhance the therapeutic effects of TKIs in the treatment of CML.
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Salomoni P, Ferguson BJ, Wyllie AH, Rich T. New insights into the role of PML in tumour suppression. Cell Res 2008; 18:622-40. [PMID: 18504460 DOI: 10.1038/cr.2008.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The PML gene is involved in the t(15;17) translocation of acute promyelocytic leukaemia (APL), which generates the oncogenic fusion protein PML (promyelocytic leukaemia protein)-retinoic acid receptor alpha. The PML protein localises to a subnuclear structure called the PML nuclear domain (PML-ND), of which PML is the essential structural component. In APL, PML-NDs are disrupted, thus implicating these structures in the pathogenesis of this leukaemia. Unexpectedly, recent studies indicate that PML and the PML-ND play a tumour suppressive role in several different types of human neoplasms in addition to APL. Because of PML's extreme versatility and involvement in multiple cellular pathways, understanding the mechanisms underlying its function, and therefore role in tumour suppression, has been a challenging task. In this review, we attempt to critically appraise the more recent advances in this field and propose new avenues of investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Salomoni
- MRC Toxicology Unit, Lancaster Road Box 138, Leicester, LE 9HN, UK.
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25
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Ye X, Zerlanko B, Zhang R, Somaiah N, Lipinski M, Salomoni P, Adams PD. Definition of pRB- and p53-dependent and -independent steps in HIRA/ASF1a-mediated formation of senescence-associated heterochromatin foci. Mol Cell Biol 2007; 27:2452-65. [PMID: 17242198 PMCID: PMC1899904 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.01592-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence is an irreversible proliferation arrest triggered by short chromosome telomeres, activated oncogenes, and cell stress and mediated by the pRB and p53 tumor suppressor pathways. One of the earliest steps in the senescence program is translocation of a histone chaperone, HIRA, into promyelocytic leukemia (PML) nuclear bodies. This relocalization precedes other markers of senescence, including the appearance of specialized domains of facultative heterochromatin called senescence-associated heterochromatin foci (SAHF) and cell cycle exit. SAHF represses expression of proliferation-promoting genes, thereby driving exit from the cell cycle. HIRA bound to another histone chaperone, ASF1a, drives formation of SAHF. Here, we show that HIRA's translocation to PML bodies occurs in response to all senescence triggers tested. Dominant negative HIRA mutants that block HIRA's localization to PML bodies prevent formation of SAHF, as does a PML-RARalpha fusion protein which disrupts PML bodies, directly supporting the idea that localization of HIRA to PML bodies is required for formation of SAHF. Significantly, translocation of HIRA to PML bodies occurs in the absence of functional pRB and p53 tumor suppressor pathways. However, our evidence indicates that downstream of HIRA's localization to PML bodies, the HIRA/ASF1a pathway cooperates with pRB and p53 to make SAHF, with the HIRA/ASF1a and pRB pathways acting in parallel. We present evidence that convergence of the HIRA/ASF1a and pRB pathways occurs through a DNAJ-domain protein, DNAJA2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofen Ye
- Department of Basic Science, Fox Chase Cancer Center, 333 Cottman Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
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