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Escobar-Salom M, BarcelĆ³ IM, Rojo-Molinero E, Jordana-Lluch E, Cabot G, Oliver A, Juan C. In vitro activity of human defensins HNP-1 and hBD-3 against multidrug-resistant ESKAPE Gram-negatives of clinical origin and selected peptidoglycan recycling-defective mutants. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0035824. [PMID: 38441982 PMCID: PMC10986477 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00358-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The use of immune compounds as antimicrobial adjuvants is a classic idea recovering timeliness in the current antibiotic resistance scenario. However, the activity of certain antimicrobial peptides against ESKAPE Gram-negatives has not been sufficiently investigated. The objective of this study was to determine the activities of human defensins HNP-1 and hBD-3 alone or combined with permeabilizing/peptidoglycan-targeting agents against clinical ESKAPE Gram-negatives [Acinetobacter baumannii (AB), Enterobacter cloacae (EC), Klebsiella pneumoniae (KP), and acute/chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA)]. Lethal concentrations (LCs) of HNP-1 and hBD-3 were determined in four collections of multidrug resistant EC, AB, KP, and PA clinical strains (10-36 isolates depending on the collection). These defensins act through membrane permeabilization plus peptidoglycan building blockade, enabling that alterations in peptidoglycan recycling may increase their activity, which is why different recycling-defective mutants were also included. Combinations with physiological lysozyme and subinhibitory colistin for bactericidal activities determination, and with meropenem for minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs), were also assessed. HNP-1 showed undetectable activity (LC > 32 mg/L for all strains). hBD-3 showed appreciable activities: LC ranges 2-16, 8-8, 8->32, and 8->32 mg/L for AB, EC, KP, and PA, being PA strains from cystic fibrosis significantly more resistant than acute origin ones. None of the peptidoglycan recycling-defective mutants showed greater susceptibility to HNP-1/hBD-3. Combination with colistin or lysozyme did not change their bactericidal power, and virtually neither did meropenem + hBD-3 compared to meropenem MICs. This is the first study comparatively analyzing the HNP-1/hBD-3 activities against the ESKAPE Gram-negatives, and demonstrates interesting bactericidal capacities of hBD-3 mostly against AB and EC. IMPORTANCE In the current scenario of critical need for new antimicrobials against multidrug-resistant bacteria, all options must be considered, including classic ideas such as the use of purified immune compounds. However, information regarding the activity of certain human defensins against ESKAPE Gram-negatives was incomplete. This is the first study comparatively assessing the in vitro activity of two membrane-permeabilizing/peptidoglycan construction-blocking defensins (HNP-1 and hBD-3) against relevant clinical collections of ESKAPE Gram-negatives, alone or in combination with permeabilizers, additional peptidoglycan-targeting attacks, or the blockade of its recycling. Our data suggest that hBD-3 has a notable bactericidal activity against multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii and Enterobacter cloacae strains that should be considered as potential adjuvant option. Our results suggest for the first time an increased resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains from chronic infection compared to acute origin ones, and provide new clues about the predominant mode of action of hBD-3 against Gram-negatives (permeabilization rather than peptidoglycan-targeting).
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Affiliation(s)
- MarĆa Escobar-Salom
- Research Unit, University Hospital Son Espases-Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
- Microbiology Department, University Hospital Son Espases, Palma, Spain
- Centro de InvestigaciĆ³n BiomĆ©dica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel MarĆa BarcelĆ³
- Research Unit, University Hospital Son Espases-Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
- Microbiology Department, University Hospital Son Espases, Palma, Spain
- Centro de InvestigaciĆ³n BiomĆ©dica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Estrella Rojo-Molinero
- Research Unit, University Hospital Son Espases-Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
- Microbiology Department, University Hospital Son Espases, Palma, Spain
- Centro de InvestigaciĆ³n BiomĆ©dica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Jordana-Lluch
- Research Unit, University Hospital Son Espases-Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
- Microbiology Department, University Hospital Son Espases, Palma, Spain
- Centro de InvestigaciĆ³n BiomĆ©dica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Gabriel Cabot
- Research Unit, University Hospital Son Espases-Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
- Microbiology Department, University Hospital Son Espases, Palma, Spain
- Centro de InvestigaciĆ³n BiomĆ©dica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Oliver
- Research Unit, University Hospital Son Espases-Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
- Microbiology Department, University Hospital Son Espases, Palma, Spain
- Centro de InvestigaciĆ³n BiomĆ©dica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Juan
- Research Unit, University Hospital Son Espases-Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
- Microbiology Department, University Hospital Son Espases, Palma, Spain
- Centro de InvestigaciĆ³n BiomĆ©dica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Madrid, Spain
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Sainz RM, Rodriguez-Quintero JH, Maldifassi MC, Stiles BM, Wennerberg E. Tumour immune escape via P2X7 receptor signalling. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1287310. [PMID: 38022596 PMCID: PMC10643160 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1287310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
While P2X7 receptor expression on tumour cells has been characterized as a promotor of cancer growth and metastasis, its expression by the host immune system is central for orchestration of both innate and adaptive immune responses against cancer. The role of P2X7R in anti-tumour immunity is complex and preclinical studies have described opposing roles of the P2X7R in regulating immune responses against tumours. Therefore, few P2X7R modulators have reached clinical testing in cancer patients. Here, we review the prognostic value of P2X7R in cancer, how P2X7R have been targeted to date in tumour models, and we discuss four aspects of how tumours skew immune responses to promote immune escape via the P2X7R; non-pore functional P2X7Rs, mono-ADP-ribosyltransferases, ectonucleotidases, and immunoregulatory cells. Lastly, we discuss alternative approaches to offset tumour immune escape via P2X7R to enhance immunotherapeutic strategies in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo M. Sainz
- Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jorge Humberto Rodriguez-Quintero
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Health System, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Maria Constanza Maldifassi
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Health System, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Brendon M. Stiles
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Health System, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Erik Wennerberg
- Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
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Ishiwata-Endo H, Kato J, Oda H, Sun J, Yu ZX, Liu C, Springer DA, Dagur P, Lizak MJ, Murphy E, Moss J. Mono-ADP-ribosyltransferase 1 ( Artc1 )-deficiency decreases tumorigenesis, increases inflammation, decreases cardiac contractility, and reduces survival. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.06.527366. [PMID: 36945646 PMCID: PMC10028742 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.06.527366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Arginine-specific mono-ADP-ribosylation is a reversible post-translational modification; arginine-specific, cholera toxin-like mono-ADP-ribosyltransferases (ARTCs) transfer ADP-ribose from NAD + to arginine, followed by cleavage of ADP-ribose-(arginine)protein bond by ADP-ribosylarginine hydrolase 1 (ARH1), generating unmodified (arginine)protein. ARTC1 has been shown to enhance tumorigenicity as does Arh1 deficiency. In this study, Artc1 -KO and Artc1/Arh1 -double-KO mice showed decreased spontaneous tumorigenesis and increased age-dependent, multi-organ inflammation with upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF- Ī± . In a xenograft model using tumorigenic Arh1 -KO mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs), tumorigenicity was decreased in Artc1 -KO and heterozygous recipient mice, with tumor infiltration by CD8 + T cells and macrophages, leading to necroptosis, suggesting that ARTC1 promotes the tumor microenvironment. Furthermore, Artc1/Arh1 -double-KO MEFs showed decreased tumorigenesis in nude mice, showing that tumor cells as well as tumor microenvironment require ARTC1. By echocardiography and MRI, Artc1 -KO and heterozygous mice showed male-specific, reduced myocardial contractility. Furthermore, Artc1 -KO male hearts exhibited enhanced susceptibility to myocardial ischemia-reperfusion-induced injury with increased receptor-interacting protein kinase 3 (RIP3) protein levels compared to WT mice, suggesting that ARTC1 suppresses necroptosis. Overall survival rate of Artc1 -KO was less than their Artc1 -WT counterparts, primarily due to enhanced immune response and inflammation. Thus, anti-ARTC1 agents may reduce tumorigenesis but may increase multi-organ inflammation and decrease cardiac contractility.
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ARH Family of ADP-Ribose-Acceptor Hydrolases. Cells 2022; 11:cells11233853. [PMID: 36497109 PMCID: PMC9738213 DOI: 10.3390/cells11233853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The ARH family of ADP-ribose-acceptor hydrolases consists of three 39-kDa members (ARH1-3), with similarities in amino acid sequence. ARH1 was identified based on its ability to cleave ADP-ribosyl-arginine synthesized by cholera toxin. Mammalian ADP-ribosyltransferases (ARTCs) mimicked the toxin reaction, with ARTC1 catalyzing the synthesis of ADP-ribosyl-arginine. ADP-ribosylation of arginine was stereospecific, with Ī²-NAD+ as substrate and, Ī±-anomeric ADP-ribose-arginine the reaction product. ARH1 hydrolyzed Ī±-ADP-ribose-arginine, in addition to Ī±-NAD+ and O-acetyl-ADP-ribose. Thus, ADP-ribose attached to oxygen-containing or nitrogen-containing functional groups was a substrate. Arh1 heterozygous and knockout (KO) mice developed tumors. Arh1-KO mice showed decreased cardiac contractility and developed myocardial fibrosis. In addition to Arh1-KO mice showed increased ADP-ribosylation of tripartite motif-containing protein 72 (TRIM72), a membrane-repair protein. ARH3 cleaved ADP-ribose from ends of the poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR) chain and released the terminal ADP-ribose attached to (serine)protein. ARH3 also hydrolyzed Ī±-NAD+ and O-acetyl-ADP-ribose. Incubation of Arh3-KO cells with H2O2 resulted in activation of poly-ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP)-1, followed by increased nuclear PAR, increased cytoplasmic PAR, leading to release of Apoptosis Inducing Factor (AIF) from mitochondria. AIF, following nuclear translocation, stimulated endonucleases, resulting in cell death by Parthanatos. Human ARH3-deficiency is autosomal recessive, rare, and characterized by neurodegeneration and early death. Arh3-KO mice developed increased brain infarction following ischemia-reperfusion injury, which was reduced by PARP inhibitors. Similarly, PARP inhibitors improved survival of Arh3-KO cells treated with H2O2. ARH2 protein did not show activity in the in vitro assays described above for ARH1 and ARH3. ARH2 has a restricted tissue distribution, with primary involvement of cardiac and skeletal muscle. Overall, the ARH family has unique functions in biological processes and different enzymatic activities.
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Li P, Lei Y, Qi J, Liu W, Yao K. Functional roles of ADP-ribosylation writers, readers and erasers. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:941356. [PMID: 36035988 PMCID: PMC9404506 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.941356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
ADP-ribosylation is a reversible post-translational modification (PTM) tightly regulated by the dynamic interplay between its writers, readers and erasers. As an intricate and versatile PTM, ADP-ribosylation plays critical roles in various physiological and pathological processes. In this review, we discuss the major players involved in the ADP-ribosylation cycle, which may facilitate the investigation of the ADP-ribosylation function and contribute to the understanding and treatment of ADP-ribosylation associated disease.
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Tan A, Doig CL. NAD + Degrading Enzymes, Evidence for Roles During Infection. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:697359. [PMID: 34485381 PMCID: PMC8415550 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.697359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Declines in cellular nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) contribute to metabolic dysfunction, increase susceptibility to disease, and occur as a result of pathogenic infection. The enzymatic cleavage of NAD+ transfers ADP-ribose (ADPr) to substrate proteins generating mono-ADP-ribose (MAR), poly-ADP-ribose (PAR) or O-acetyl-ADP-ribose (OAADPr). These important post-translational modifications have roles in both immune response activation and the advancement of infection. In particular, emergent data show viral infection stimulates activation of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) mediated NAD+ depletion and stimulates hydrolysis of existing ADP-ribosylation modifications. These studies are important for us to better understand the value of NAD+ maintenance upon the biology of infection. This review focuses specifically upon the NAD+ utilising enzymes, discusses existing knowledge surrounding their roles in infection, their NAD+ depletion capability and their influence within pathogenic infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnold Tan
- Interdisciplinary Science and Technology Centre, Department of Biosciences, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Craig L Doig
- Interdisciplinary Science and Technology Centre, Department of Biosciences, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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Gasparrini M, Sorci L, Raffaelli N. Enzymology of extracellular NAD metabolism. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:3317-3331. [PMID: 33755743 PMCID: PMC8038981 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03742-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular NAD represents a key signaling molecule in different physiological and pathological conditions. It exerts such function both directly, through the activation of specific purinergic receptors, or indirectly, serving as substrate of ectoenzymes, such as CD73, nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1, CD38 and its paralog CD157, and ecto ADP ribosyltransferases. By hydrolyzing NAD, these enzymes dictate extracellular NAD availability, thus regulating its direct signaling role. In addition, they can generate from NAD smaller signaling molecules, like the immunomodulator adenosine, or they can use NAD to ADP-ribosylate various extracellular proteins and membrane receptors, with significant impact on the control of immunity, inflammatory response, tumorigenesis, and other diseases. Besides, they release from NAD several pyridine metabolites that can be taken up by the cell for the intracellular regeneration of NAD itself. The extracellular environment also hosts nicotinamideĀ phosphoribosyltransferase and nicotinic acid phosphoribosyltransferase, which inside the cell catalyze key reactions in NAD salvaging pathways. The extracellular forms of these enzymes behave as cytokines, with pro-inflammatory functions. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the extracellular NAD metabolome and describes the major biochemical properties of the enzymes involved in extracellular NAD metabolism, focusing on the contribution of their catalytic activities to the biological function. By uncovering the controversies and gaps in their characterization, further research directions are suggested, also to better exploit the great potential of these enzymes as therapeutic targets in various human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimiliano Gasparrini
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Leonardo Sorci
- Division of Bioinformatics and Biochemistry, Department of Materials, Environmental Sciences and Urban Planning, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Nadia Raffaelli
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy.
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8
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Menzel S, Koudelka T, Rissiek B, Haag F, Meyer-Schwesinger C, Tholey A, Koch-Nolte F. ADP-Ribosylation Regulates the Signaling Function of IFN-Ī³. Front Immunol 2021; 12:642545. [PMID: 33763084 PMCID: PMC7983947 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.642545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Murine T cells express the GPI-anchored ADP-ribosyltransferase 2.2 (ARTC2.2) on the cell surface. In response to T cell activation or extracellular NAD+ or ATP-mediated gating of the P2X7 ion channel ARTC2.2 is shed from the cell surface as a soluble enzyme. Shedding alters the target specificity of ARTC2.2 from cell surface proteins to secreted proteins. Here we demonstrate that shed ARTC2.2 potently ADP-ribosylates IFN-Ī³ in addition to other cytokines. Using mass spectrometry, we identify arginine 128 as the target site of ADP-ribosylation. This residue has been implicated to play a key role in binding of IFN-Ī³ to the interferon receptor 1 (IFNR1). Indeed, binding of IFN-Ī³ to IFNR1 blocks ADP-ribosylation of IFN-Ī³. Moreover, ADP-ribosylation of IFN-Ī³ inhibits the capacity of IFN-Ī³ to induce STAT1 phosphorylation in macrophages and upregulation of the proteasomal subunit Ć5i and the proteasomal activator PA28-Ī± in podocytes. Our results show that ADP-ribosylation inhibits the signaling functions of IFN-Ī³ and point to a new regulatory mechanism for controlling signaling by IFN-Ī³.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Menzel
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tomas Koudelka
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, AG Systematic Proteome Research and Bioanalytics, Christian-Albrechts-UniversitƤt, Kiel, Germany
| | - Bjƶrn Rissiek
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Friedrich Haag
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Catherine Meyer-Schwesinger
- Institute of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Tholey
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, AG Systematic Proteome Research and Bioanalytics, Christian-Albrechts-UniversitƤt, Kiel, Germany
| | - Friedrich Koch-Nolte
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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Moyer TB, Parsley NC, Sadecki PW, Schug WJ, Hicks LM. Leveraging orthogonal mass spectrometry based strategies for comprehensive sequencing and characterization of ribosomal antimicrobial peptide natural products. Nat Prod Rep 2021; 38:489-509. [PMID: 32929442 PMCID: PMC7956910 DOI: 10.1039/d0np00046a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Covering: Up to July 2020Ribosomal antimicrobial peptide (AMP) natural products, also known as ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptides (RiPPs) or host defense peptides, demonstrate potent bioactivities and impressive complexity that complicate molecular and biological characterization. Tandem mass spectrometry (MS) has rapidly accelerated bioactive peptide sequencing efforts, yet standard workflows insufficiently address intrinsic AMP diversity. Herein, orthogonal approaches to accelerate comprehensive and accurate molecular characterization without the need for prior isolation are reviewed. Chemical derivatization, proteolysis (enzymatic and chemical cleavage), multistage MS fragmentation, and separation (liquid chromatography and ion mobility) strategies can provide complementary amino acid composition and post-translational modification data to constrain sequence solutions. Examination of two complex case studies, gomesin and styelin D, highlights the practical implementation of the proposed approaches. Finally, we emphasize the importance of heterogeneous AMP peptidoforms that confer varying biological function, an area that warrants significant further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessa B Moyer
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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Tian L, Yao K, Liu K, Han B, Dong H, Zhao W, Jiang W, Qiu F, Qu L, Wu Z, Zhou B, Zhong M, Zhao J, Qiu X, Zhong L, Guo X, Shi T, Hong X, Lu S. PLK1/NF-ĪŗB feedforward circuit antagonizes the mono-ADP-ribosyltransferase activity of PARP10 and facilitates HCC progression. Oncogene 2020; 39:3145-3162. [PMID: 32060423 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-1205-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulation of PARP10 has been implicated in various tumor types and plays a vital role in delaying hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression. However, the mechanisms controlling the expression and activity of PARP10 in HCC remain mostly unknown. The crosstalk between PLK1, PARP10, and NF-ĪŗB pathway in HCC was determined by performing different in vitro and in vivo assays, including mass spectrometry, kinase, MARylation, chromatin immunoprecipitation, and luciferase reporter measurements. Functional examination was performed by using small chemical drug, cell culture, and mice HCC models. Correlation between PLK1, NF-ĪŗB, and PARP10 expression was determined by analyzing clinical samples of HCC patients with using immunohistochemistry. PLK1, an important regulator for cell mitosis, directly interacts with and phosphorylates PARP10 at T601. PARP10 phosphorylation at T601 significantly decreases its binding to NEMO and disrupts its inhibition to NEMO ubiquitination, thereby enhancing the transcription activity of NF-ĪŗB toward multiple target genes and promoting HCC development. In turn, NF-ĪŗB transcriptionally inhibits the PARP10 promoter activity and leads to its downregulation in HCC. Interestingly, PLK1 is mono-ADP-ribosylated by PARP10 and the MARylation of PLK1 significantly inhibits its kinase activity and oncogenic function in HCC. Clinically, the expression levels of PLK1 and phosphor-p65 show an inverse correlation with PARP10 expression in human HCC tissues. These findings are the first to uncover a PLK1/PARP10/NF-ĪŗB signaling circuit that underlies tumorigenesis and validate PLK1 inhibitors, alone or with NF-ĪŗB antagonists, as potential effective therapeutics for PARP10-expressing HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lantian Tian
- The Department of hepatopancreatobiliary surgery of the Affiliated Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Clinical Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ke Yao
- The Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics of the Affiliated Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Kun Liu
- The General Surgery Department, The 971st Hospital of the PLA Navy, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Bing Han
- The Department of hepatopancreatobiliary surgery of the Affiliated Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Hanguang Dong
- The Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- The Department of hepatopancreatobiliary surgery of the Affiliated Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Weibo Jiang
- The Department of hepatopancreatobiliary surgery of the Affiliated Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Fabo Qiu
- The Department of hepatopancreatobiliary surgery of the Affiliated Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Linlin Qu
- The Department of hepatopancreatobiliary surgery of the Affiliated Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Zehua Wu
- The Department of hepatopancreatobiliary surgery of the Affiliated Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Bin Zhou
- The Department of hepatopancreatobiliary surgery of the Affiliated Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Mengya Zhong
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Institute of Gastrointestinal Oncology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Jiabao Zhao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Institute of Gastrointestinal Oncology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Xingfeng Qiu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Institute of Gastrointestinal Oncology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Lifeng Zhong
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Institute of Gastrointestinal Oncology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Xiaofeng Guo
- The Department of hepatopancreatobiliary surgery of the Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Tianlu Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China.
| | - Xuehui Hong
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
- Institute of Gastrointestinal Oncology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
| | - Shichun Lu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Clinical Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
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ARH1 in Health and Disease. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12020479. [PMID: 32092898 PMCID: PMC7072381 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12020479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Arginine-specific mono-adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-ribosylation is a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)+-dependent, reversible post-translational modification involving the transfer of an ADP-ribose from NAD+ by bacterial toxins and eukaryotic ADP-ribosyltransferases (ARTs) to arginine on an acceptor protein or peptide. ADP-ribosylarginine hydrolase 1 (ARH1) catalyzes the cleavage of the ADP-ribose-arginine bond, regenerating (arginine)protein. Arginine-specific mono-ADP-ribosylation catalyzed by bacterial toxins was first identified as a mechanism of disease pathogenesis. Cholera toxin ADP-ribosylates and activates the Ī± subunit of GĪ±s, a guanine nucleotide-binding protein that stimulates adenylyl cyclase activity, increasing cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), and resulting in fluid and electrolyte loss. Arginine-specific mono-ADP-ribosylation in mammalian cells has potential roles in membrane repair, immunity, and cancer. In mammalian tissues, ARH1 is a cytosolic protein that is ubiquitously expressed. ARH1 deficiency increased tumorigenesis in a gender-specific manner. In the myocardium, in response to cellular injury, an arginine-specific mono-ADP-ribosylation cycle, involving ART1 and ARH1, regulated the level and cellular distribution of ADP-ribosylated tripartite motif-containing protein 72 (TRIM72). Confirmed substrates of ARH1 in vivo are GĪ±s and TRIM72, however, more than a thousand proteins, ADP-ribosylated on arginine, have been identified by proteomic analysis. This review summarizes the current understanding of the properties of ARH1, e.g., bacterial toxin action, myocardial membrane repair following injury, and tumorigenesis.
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12
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Stevens LA, Kato J, Kasamatsu A, Oda H, Lee DY, Moss J. The ARH and Macrodomain Families of Ī±-ADP-ribose-acceptor Hydrolases Catalyze Ī±-NAD + Hydrolysis. ACS Chem Biol 2019; 14:2576-2584. [PMID: 31599159 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.9b00429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
ADP-ribosyltransferases transfer ADP-ribose from Ī²-NAD+ to acceptors; ADP-ribosylated acceptors are cleaved by ADP-ribosyl-acceptor hydrolases (ARHs) and proteins containing ADP-ribose-binding modules termed macrodomains. On the basis of the ADP-ribosyl-arginine hydrolase 1 (ARH1) stereospecific hydrolysis of Ī±-ADP-ribosyl-arginine and the hypothesis that Ī±-NAD+ is generated as a side product of Ī²-NAD+/ NADH metabolism, we proposed that Ī±-NAD+ was a substrate of ARHs and macrodomain proteins. Here, we report that ARH1, ARH3, and macrodomain proteins (i.e., MacroD1, MacroD2, C6orf130 (TARG1), Af1521, hydrolyzed Ī±-NAD+ but not Ī²-NAD+. ARH3 had the highest Ī±-NADase specific activity. The ARH and macrodomain protein families, in stereospecific reactions, cleave ADP-ribose linkages to N- or O- containing functional groups; anomerization of Ī±- to Ī²-forms (e.g., Ī±-ADP-ribosyl-arginine to Ī²-ADP-ribose- (arginine) protein) may explain partial hydrolysis of ADP-ribosylated acceptors with an increase in content of ADP-ribosylated substrates. Af1521 and ARH3 crystal structures with bound ADP-ribose revealed similar ADP-ribose-binding pockets with the catalytic residues of the ARH and macrodomain protein families in the N-terminal helix and loop. Although the biological roles of the ARHs and macrodomain proteins differ, they share enzymatic and structural properties that may regulate metabolites such as Ī±-NAD+.
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13
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Di Girolamo M, Fabrizio G. Overview of the mammalian ADP-ribosyl-transferases clostridia toxin-like (ARTCs) family. Biochem Pharmacol 2019; 167:86-96. [PMID: 31283932 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Mono-ADP-ribosylation is a reversible post-translational protein modification that modulates the function of proteins involved in different cellular processes, including signal transduction, protein transport, transcription, cell cycle regulation, DNA repair and apoptosis. In mammals, mono-ADP-ribosylation is mainly catalyzed by members of two different classes of enzymes: ARTCs and ARTDs. The human ARTC family is composed of four structurally related ecto-mono-ARTs, expressed at the cell surface or secreted into the extracellular compartment that are either active mono-ARTs (hARTC1, hARTC5) or inactive proteins (hARTC3, hARTC4). The human ARTD enzyme family consists of 17 multidomain proteins that can be divided on the basis of their catalytic activity into polymerases (ARTD1-6), mono-ART (ARTD7-17), and the inactive ARTD13. In recent years, ADP-ribosylation was intensively studied, and research was dominated by studies focusing on the role of this modification and its implication on various cellular processes. The aim of this review is to provide a general overview of the ARTC enzymes. In the following sections, we will report the mono-ADP-ribosylation reactions that are catalysed by the active ARTC enzymes, with a particular focus on hARTC1 that recently has been intensively studied with the discovery of new targets and functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Di Girolamo
- SoL&Pharma s.r.l. Biotechnology Research, Registered Office, Via Brasile 13, 66030 Mozzagrogna, CH, Italy.
| | - Gaia Fabrizio
- SoL&Pharma s.r.l. Biotechnology Research, Registered Office, Via Brasile 13, 66030 Mozzagrogna, CH, Italy
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14
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Stevens LA, Moss J. Mono-ADP-Ribosylation Catalyzed by Arginine-Specific ADP-Ribosyltransferases. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1813:149-165. [PMID: 30097866 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8588-3_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Methods are described for determination of arginine-specific mono-ADP-ribosyltransferase activity of purified proteins and intact cells by monitoring the transfer of ADP-ribose from NAD+ to a model substrate, e.g., arginine, agmatine, and peptide (human neutrophil peptide-1 [HNP1]), and for the nonenzymatic hydrolysis of ADP-ribose-arginine to ornithine, a noncoded amino acid. In addition, preparation of purified ADP-ribosylarginine is included as a control substrate for ADP-ribosylation reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda A Stevens
- Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Joel Moss
- Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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15
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Ishiwata-Endo H, Kato J, Tonouchi A, Chung YW, Sun J, Stevens LA, Zhu J, Aponte AM, Springer DA, San H, Takeda K, Yu ZX, Hoffmann V, Murphy E, Moss J. Role of a TRIM72 ADP-ribosylation cycle in myocardial injury and membrane repair. JCI Insight 2018; 3:97898. [PMID: 30429362 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.97898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Mono-ADP-ribosylation of an (arginine) protein catalyzed by ADP-ribosyltransferase 1 (ART1) - i.e., transfer of ADP-ribose from NAD to arginine - is reversed by ADP-ribosylarginine hydrolase 1 (ARH1) cleavage of the ADP-ribose-arginine bond. ARH1-deficient mice developed cardiomyopathy with myocardial fibrosis, decreased myocardial function under dobutamine stress, and increased susceptibility to ischemia/reperfusion injury. The membrane repair protein TRIM72 was identified as a substrate for ART1 and ARH1; ADP-ribosylated TRIM72 levels were greater in ARH1-deficient mice following ischemia/reperfusion injury. To understand better the role of TRIM72 and ADP-ribosylation, we used C2C12 myocytes. ARH1 knockdown in C2C12 myocytes increased ADP-ribosylation of TRIM72 and delayed wound healing in a scratch assay. Mutant TRIM72 (R207K, R260K) that is not ADP-ribosylated interfered with assembly of TRIM72 repair complexes at a site of laser-induced injury. The regulatory enzymes ART1 and ARH1 and their substrate TRIM72 were found in multiple complexes, which were coimmunoprecipitated from mouse heart lysates. In addition, the mono-ADP-ribosylation inhibitors vitamin K1 and novobiocin inhibited oligomerization of TRIM72, the mechanism by which TRIM72 is recruited to the site of injury. We propose that a mono-ADP-ribosylation cycle involving recruitment of TRIM72 and other regulatory factors to sites of membrane damage is critical for membrane repair and wound healing following myocardial injury.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Hong San
- Animal Surgery and Resources Core, and
| | - Kazuyo Takeda
- Pathology Core, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Zu-Xi Yu
- Pathology Core, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Victoria Hoffmann
- Diagnostic and Research Service Branch, Division of Veterinary Resources, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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16
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Crawford K, Bonfiglio JJ, MikoÄ A, Matic I, Ahel I. Specificity of reversible ADP-ribosylation and regulation of cellular processes. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2018; 53:64-82. [PMID: 29098880 DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2017.1394265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Proper and timely regulation of cellular processes is fundamental to the overall health and viability of organisms across all kingdoms of life. Thus, organisms have evolved multiple highly dynamic and complex biochemical signaling cascades in order to adapt and survive diverse challenges. One such method of conferring rapid adaptation is the addition or removal of reversible modifications of different chemical groups onto macromolecules which in turn induce the appropriate downstream outcome. ADP-ribosylation, the addition of ADP-ribose (ADPr) groups, represents one of these highly conserved signaling chemicals. Herein we outline the writers, erasers and readers of ADP-ribosylation and dip into the multitude of cellular processes they have been implicated in. We also review what we currently know on how specificity of activity is ensured for this important modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerryanne Crawford
- a Sir William Dunn School of Pathology , University of Oxford , Oxford , UK
| | | | - Andreja MikoÄ
- c Division of Molecular Biology , RuÄer BoÅ”koviÄ Institute , Zagreb , Croatia
| | - Ivan Matic
- b Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing , Cologne , Germany
| | - Ivan Ahel
- a Sir William Dunn School of Pathology , University of Oxford , Oxford , UK
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17
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LĆ¼scher B, BĆ¼tepage M, Eckei L, Krieg S, Verheugd P, Shilton BH. ADP-Ribosylation, a Multifaceted Posttranslational Modification Involved in the Control of Cell Physiology in Health and Disease. Chem Rev 2017; 118:1092-1136. [PMID: 29172462 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Posttranslational modifications (PTMs) regulate protein functions and interactions. ADP-ribosylation is a PTM, in which ADP-ribosyltransferases use nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) to modify target proteins with ADP-ribose. This modification can occur as mono- or poly-ADP-ribosylation. The latter involves the synthesis of long ADP-ribose chains that have specific properties due to the nature of the polymer. ADP-Ribosylation is reversed by hydrolases that cleave the glycosidic bonds either between ADP-ribose units or between the protein proximal ADP-ribose and a given amino acid side chain. Here we discuss the properties of the different enzymes associated with ADP-ribosylation and the consequences of this PTM on substrates. Furthermore, the different domains that interpret either mono- or poly-ADP-ribosylation and the implications for cellular processes are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard LĆ¼scher
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University , 52057 Aachen, Germany
| | - Mareike BĆ¼tepage
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University , 52057 Aachen, Germany
| | - Laura Eckei
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University , 52057 Aachen, Germany
| | - Sarah Krieg
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University , 52057 Aachen, Germany
| | - Patricia Verheugd
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University , 52057 Aachen, Germany
| | - Brian H Shilton
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University , 52057 Aachen, Germany.,Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario , Medical Sciences Building Room 332, London, Ontario Canada N6A 5C1
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18
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Kudryashova E, Seveau SM, Kudryashov DS. Targeting and inactivation of bacterial toxins by human defensins. Biol Chem 2017; 398:1069-1085. [PMID: 28593905 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2017-0106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Defensins, as a prominent family of antimicrobial peptides (AMP), are major effectors of the innate immunity with a broad range of immune modulatory and antimicrobial activities. In particular, defensins are the only recognized fast-response molecules that can neutralize a broad range of bacterial toxins, many of which are among the deadliest compounds on the planet. For a decade, the mystery of how a small and structurally conserved group of peptides can neutralize a heterogeneous group of toxins with little to no sequential and structural similarity remained unresolved. Recently, it was found that defensins recognize and target structural plasticity/thermodynamic instability, fundamental physicochemical properties that unite many bacterial toxins and distinguish them from the majority of host proteins. Binding of human defensins promotes local unfolding of the affected toxins, destabilizes their secondary and tertiary structures, increases susceptibility to proteolysis, and leads to their precipitation. While the details of toxin destabilization by defensins remain obscure, here we briefly review properties and activities of bacterial toxins known to be affected by or resilient to defensins, and discuss how recognized features of defensins correlate with the observed inactivation.
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19
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Ling F, Tang Y, Li M, Li QS, Li X, Yang L, Zhao W, Jin CC, Zeng Z, Liu C, Wu CF, Chen WW, Lin X, Wang YL, Threadgill MD. Mono-ADP-ribosylation of histone 3 at arginine-117 promotes proliferation through its interaction with P300. Oncotarget 2017; 8:72773-72787. [PMID: 29069825 PMCID: PMC5641168 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Relatively little attention has been paid to ADP-ribosylated modifications of histones, especially to mono-ADP-ribosylation. As an increasing number of mono-ADP-ribosyltransferases have been identified in recent studies, the functions of mono-ADP-ribosylated proteins have aroused research interest. In particular, histones are substrates of some mono-ADP-ribosyltransferases and mono-ADP-ribosylated histone have been detected in physiological or pathological processes. In this research, arginine-117 (Arg-117; R-117) of hsitone3(H3) is identified as the a site of mono-ADP-ribosylation in colon carcinoma(the first such site to be identified); this posttranslational modification may promote the proliferation of colon carcinoma cells in vitro and in vivo. Using a point-mutant lentivirus transfection and using an activator of P300 allowed us to observe the mono-ADP-ribosylation at H3R117 and enhancement of the activity of P300 to up-regulate the level of acetylated Ī²-catenin, which could increase the expression of c-myc and cyclin D1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Ling
- Department of Pathology, Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yi Tang
- Department of Pathology, Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Pathology, Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qing-Shu Li
- Department of Pathology, Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xian Li
- Department of Pathology, Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lian Yang
- Department of Pathology, Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Cong-Cong Jin
- Department of Pathology, Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhen Zeng
- Department of Pathology, Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Pathology, Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Cheng-Fang Wu
- Department of Pathology, Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wen-Wen Chen
- Department of Pathology, Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiao Lin
- Department of Pathology, Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ya-Lan Wang
- Department of Pathology, Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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20
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Rodas PI, Ćlamos-Musre AS, Ćlvarez FP, Escobar A, Tapia CV, Osorio E, Otero C, CalderĆ³n IL, Fuentes JA, Gil F, Paredes-Sabja D, Christodoulides M. The NarE protein of Neisseria gonorrhoeae catalyzes ADP-ribosylation of several ADP-ribose acceptors despite an N-terminal deletion. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2016; 363:fnw181. [PMID: 27465490 PMCID: PMC5812539 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnw181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The ADP-ribosylating enzymes are encoded in many pathogenic bacteria in order to affect essential functions of the host. In this study, we show that Neisseria gonorrhoeae possess a locus that corresponds to the ADP-ribosyltransferase NarE, a previously characterized enzyme in N. meningitidis The 291 bp coding sequence of gonococcal narE shares 100% identity with part of the coding sequence of the meningococcal narE gene due to a frameshift previously described, thus leading to aĀ 49-amino-acid deletion at the N-terminus of gonococcal NarE protein. However, we found a promoter region and a GTG start codon, which allowed expression of the protein as demonstrated by RT-PCR and western blot analyses. Using a gonococcal NarE-6xHis fusion protein, we demonstrated that the gonococcal enzyme underwent auto-ADP-ribosylation but to a lower extent than meningococcal NarE. We also observed that gonoccocal NarE exhibited ADP-ribosyltransferase activity using agmatine and cell-free host proteins as ADP-ribose acceptors, but its activity was inhibited by human Ī²-defensins. Taken together, our results showed that NarE of Neisseria gonorrhoeae is a functional enzyme that possesses key features of bacterial ADP-ribosylating enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula I Rodas
- Center for Integrative Medicine and Innovative Sciences, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - A Said Ćlamos-Musre
- Center for Integrative Medicine and Innovative Sciences, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisca P Ćlvarez
- Center for Integrative Medicine and Innovative Sciences, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alejandro Escobar
- Instituto de InvestigaciĆ³n en Ciencias OdontolĆ³gicas, Facultad de OdontologĆa, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cecilia V Tapia
- Laboratorio ClĆnica DĆ”vila, Santiago, Chile Laboratorio de MicologĆa MĆ©dica, Programa de MicrobiologĆa y MicologĆa, ICBM, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Eduardo Osorio
- Servicio de GinecologĆa y Obstetricia, ClĆnica DĆ”vila, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carolina Otero
- Center for Integrative Medicine and Innovative Sciences, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - IvĆ”n L CalderĆ³n
- Laboratorio de GenĆ©tica y PatogĆ©nesis Bacteriana, Facultad de Ciencias BiolĆ³gicas, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan A Fuentes
- Laboratorio de GenĆ©tica y PatogĆ©nesis Bacteriana, Facultad de Ciencias BiolĆ³gicas, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Fernando Gil
- Laboratorio de GenĆ©tica y PatogĆ©nesis Bacteriana, Facultad de Ciencias BiolĆ³gicas, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniel Paredes-Sabja
- Microbiota-Host Interactions and Clostridia Research Group, Departamento de Ciencias BiolĆ³gicas, Facultad de Ciencias BiolĆ³gicas, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile Center for Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, Facultad de Ciencias BiolĆ³gicas, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Myron Christodoulides
- Neisseria Research Group, Molecular Microbiology, Sir Henry Wellcome Laboratories, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, England
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21
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Rohrbeck A, FĆ¼hner V, Schrƶder A, Hagemann S, Vu XK, Berndt S, Hust M, Pich A, Just I. Detection and Quantification of ADP-Ribosylated RhoA/B by Monoclonal Antibody. Toxins (Basel) 2016; 8:100. [PMID: 27043630 PMCID: PMC4848626 DOI: 10.3390/toxins8040100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Revised: 03/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Clostridium botulinum exoenzyme C3 is the prototype of C3-like ADP-ribosyltransferases that modify the GTPases RhoA, B, and C. C3 catalyzes the transfer of an ADP-ribose moiety from the co-substrate nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) to asparagine-41 of Rho-GTPases. Although C3 does not possess cell-binding/-translocation domains, C3 is able to efficiently enter intact cells, including neuronal and macrophage-like cells. Conventionally, the detection of C3 uptake into cells is carried out via the gel-shift assay of modified RhoA. Since this gel-shift assay does not always provide clear, evaluable results an additional method to confirm the ADP-ribosylation of RhoA is necessary. Therefore, a new monoclonal antibody has been generated that specifically detects ADP-ribosylated RhoA/B, but not RhoC, in Western blot and immunohistochemical assay. The scFv antibody fragment was selected by phage display using the human naive antibody gene libraries HAL9/10. Subsequently, the antibody was produced as scFv-Fc and was found to be as sensitive as a commercially available RhoA antibody providing reproducible and specific results. We demonstrate that this specific antibody can be successfully applied for the analysis of ADP-ribosylated RhoA/B in C3-treated Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) and HT22 cells. Moreover, ADP-ribosylation of RhoA was detected within 10 min in C3-treated CHO wild-type cells, indicative of C3 cell entry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Rohrbeck
- Institute of Toxicology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Viola FĆ¼hner
- Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Department of Biotechnology, Institute for Biochemistry, Technische UniversitƤt Braunschweig, Spielmannstr. 7, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Anke Schrƶder
- Institute of Toxicology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Sandra Hagemann
- Institute of Toxicology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Xuan-Khang Vu
- Institute of Toxicology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Sarah Berndt
- Institute of Toxicology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Michael Hust
- Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Department of Biotechnology, Institute for Biochemistry, Technische UniversitƤt Braunschweig, Spielmannstr. 7, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Andreas Pich
- Institute of Toxicology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Ingo Just
- Institute of Toxicology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
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22
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Larmonier CB, Shehab KW, Laubitz D, Jamwal DR, Ghishan FK, Kiela PR. Transcriptional Reprogramming and Resistance to Colonic Mucosal Injury in Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase 1 (PARP1)-deficient Mice. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:8918-30. [PMID: 26912654 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.714386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) synthesize and bind branched polymers of ADP-ribose to acceptor proteins using NAD as a substrate and participate in the control of gene transcription and DNA repair. PARP1, the most abundant isoform, regulates the expression of proinflammatory mediator cytokines, chemokines, and adhesion molecules, and inhibition of PARP1 enzymatic activity reduced or ameliorated autoimmune diseases in several experimental models, including colitis. However, the mechanism(s) underlying the protective effects of PARP1 inhibition in colitis and the cell types in which Parp1 deletion has the most significant impact are unknown. The objective of the current study was to determine the impact of Parp1 deletion on the innate immune response to mucosal injury and on the gut microbiome composition. Parp1 deficiency was evaluated in DSS-induced colitis in WT, Parp1(-/-), Rag2(-/-), and Rag2(-/-)ĆParp1(-/-) double knock-out mice. Genome-wide analysis of the colonic transcriptome and fecal 16S amplicon profiling was performed. Compared with WT, we demonstrated that Parp1(-/-) were protected from dextran-sulfate sodium-induced colitis and that this protection was associated with a dramatic transcriptional reprogramming in the colon. PARP1 deficiency was also associated with a modulation of the colonic microbiota (increases relative abundance of Clostridia clusters IV and XIVa) and a concomitant increase in the frequency of mucosal CD4(+)CD25(+) Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells. The protective effects conferred by Parp1 deletion were lost in Rag2(-/-) Ć Parp1(-/-) mice, highlighting the role of the adaptive immune system for full protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire B Larmonier
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Steele Children's Research Center, and
| | - Kareem W Shehab
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Steele Children's Research Center, and
| | - Daniel Laubitz
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Steele Children's Research Center, and
| | - Deepa R Jamwal
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Steele Children's Research Center, and
| | - Fayez K Ghishan
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Steele Children's Research Center, and
| | - Pawel R Kiela
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Steele Children's Research Center, and Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona Health Sciences Center, Tucson, Arizona 85724
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23
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Esther CR, Coakley RD, Henderson AG, Zhou YH, Wright FA, Boucher RC. Metabolomic Evaluation of Neutrophilic Airway Inflammation in Cystic Fibrosis. Chest 2015; 148:507-515. [PMID: 25611918 DOI: 10.1378/chest.14-1800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolomic evaluation of cystic fibrosis (CF) airway secretions could identify metabolites and metabolic pathways involved in neutrophilic airway inflammation that could serve as biomarkers and therapeutic targets. METHODS Mass spectrometry (MS)-based metabolomics was performed on a discovery set of BAL fluid samples from 25 children with CF, and targeted MS methods were used to identify and quantify metabolites related to neutrophilic inflammation. A biomarker panel of these metabolites was then compared with neutrophil counts and clinical markers in independent validation sets of lavage from children with CF and adults with COPD compared with control subjects. RESULTS Of the 7,791 individual peaks detected by positive-mode MS metabolomics discovery profiling, 338 were associated with neutrophilic inflammation. Targeted MS determined that many of these peaks were generated by metabolites from pathways related to the metabolism of purines, polyamines, proteins, and nicotinamide. Analysis of the independent validation sets verified that, in subjects with CF or COPD, several metabolites, particularly those from purine metabolism and protein catabolism pathways, were strongly correlated with neutrophil counts and were related to clinical markers, including airway infection and lung function. CONCLUSIONS MS metabolomics identified multiple metabolic pathways associated with neutrophilic airway inflammation. These findings provide insight into disease pathophysiology and can serve as the basis for developing disease biomarkers and therapeutic interventions for airways diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles R Esther
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC.
| | - Raymond D Coakley
- Cystic Fibrosis and Pulmonary Research and Treatment Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Ashley G Henderson
- Cystic Fibrosis and Pulmonary Research and Treatment Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Yi-Hui Zhou
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Fred A Wright
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Richard C Boucher
- Cystic Fibrosis and Pulmonary Research and Treatment Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
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24
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CortĆ©s-Garcia JD, LĆ³pez-LĆ³pez C, Cortez-Espinosa N, GarcĆa-HernĆ”ndez MH, GuzmĆ”n-Flores JM, Layseca-Espinosa E, Portales-Cervantes L, Portales-PĆ©rez DP. Evaluation of the expression and function of the P2X7 receptor and ART1 in human regulatory T-cell subsets. Immunobiology 2015; 221:84-93. [PMID: 26307000 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2015.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Revised: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Regulatory T cells that express CD39 (CD39+ Treg) exhibit specific immunomodulatory properties. Ectonucleotidase CD39 hydrolyses ATP and ADP. ATP is a ligand of the P2X7 receptor and induces the shedding of CD62L and apoptosis. However, the role of ATP in CD39+ Treg cells has not been defined. Furthermore, NAD can activate the P2X7 receptor via ADP-ribosyltransferase (ART) enzymes and cause cell depletion in murine models. We evaluated the expression and function of P2X7 and ART1 in CD39+ Treg and CD39- Treg cells in the presence or absence of ATP and NAD. We isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy subjects and purified CD4+ T cells, CD4+ CD25+ T cells and CD4+ CD25+ CD39+ T cells. P2X7 and ART1 expression was assessed by flow cytometry and real-time PCR. Our results showed low P2X7 expression on CD39+ Treg cells and higher levels of ART1 expression in CD4+ CD39+ T cells than the other subtypes studied. Neither shedding of CD62L nor cell death of CD39+ Treg or CD39- Treg cells was observed by 1mM ATP or 60Ī¼M NAD. In contrast, P2Xs receptor-dependent proliferation with 300Ī¼M ATP, was inhibited by NAD in the different cell types analysed. The NAD proliferation-inhibition was increased with P2Xs and A2a agonist and was reversed with P2Xs and A2a antagonist, therefore NAD inhibits P2Xs-dependent proliferation and A2a activation. In conclusion, our results suggest that the altered function and expression of P2X7 and ART1 in the human CD39+ Treg or CD39- Treg cells could participate in the resistance against cell death induced by ATP or NAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan D CortƩs-Garcia
- Laboratory of Immunology and Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, UASLP, San Luis PotosĆ, S.L.P., Mexicohttp://10.10.23.110:8080/TDXPSLIVELATEX/gateway/elsevierjournal/index.jsp#
| | - Cintya LĆ³pez-LĆ³pez
- Division of Molecular Biology, Instituto Potosino de InvestigaciĆ³n CientĆfica y TecnolĆ³gica, San Luis PotosĆ, S.L.P. Mexico
| | - Nancy Cortez-Espinosa
- Laboratory of Immunology and Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, UASLP, San Luis PotosĆ, S.L.P., Mexicohttp://10.10.23.110:8080/TDXPSLIVELATEX/gateway/elsevierjournal/index.jsp#
| | | | - Juan M GuzmƔn-Flores
- Laboratory of Immunology and Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, UASLP, San Luis PotosĆ, S.L.P., Mexicohttp://10.10.23.110:8080/TDXPSLIVELATEX/gateway/elsevierjournal/index.jsp#
| | | | - Liliana Portales-Cervantes
- Laboratory of Immunology and Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, UASLP, San Luis PotosĆ, S.L.P., Mexicohttp://10.10.23.110:8080/TDXPSLIVELATEX/gateway/elsevierjournal/index.jsp#
| | - Diana P Portales-PĆ©rez
- Laboratory of Immunology and Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, UASLP, San Luis PotosĆ, S.L.P., Mexicohttp://10.10.23.110:8080/TDXPSLIVELATEX/gateway/elsevierjournal/index.jsp#.
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25
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Menzel S, Rissiek B, Bannas P, Jakoby T, Miksiewicz M, Schwarz N, Nissen M, Haag F, Tholey A, Koch-Nolte F. Nucleotide-Induced Membrane-Proximal Proteolysis Controls the Substrate Specificity of T Cell Ecto-ADP-Ribosyltransferase ARTC2.2. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015. [PMID: 26209623 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1401677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
ARTC2.2 is a toxin-related, GPI-anchored ADP-ribosyltransferase expressed by murine T cells. In response to NAD(+) released from damaged cells during inflammation, ARTC2.2 ADP-ribosylates and thereby gates the P2X7 ion channel. This induces ectodomain shedding of metalloprotease-sensitive cell surface proteins. In this study, we show that ARTC2.2 itself is a target for P2X7-triggered ectodomain shedding. We identify the metalloprotease cleavage site 3 aa upstream of the predicted GPI anchor attachment site of ARTC2.2. Intravenous injection of NAD(+) increased the level of enzymatically active ARTC2.2 in serum, indicating that this mechanism is operative also under inflammatory conditions in vivo. Radio-ADP-ribosylation assays reveal that shedding refocuses the target specificity of ARTC2.2 from membrane proteins to secretory proteins. Our results uncover nucleotide-induced membrane-proximal proteolysis as a regulatory mechanism to control the substrate specificity of ARTC2.2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Menzel
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, D20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Bjƶrn Rissiek
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, D20246 Hamburg, Germany; Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, D20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Peter Bannas
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, D20246 Hamburg, Germany; Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, D20246 Hamburg, Germany; and
| | - Thomas Jakoby
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Systematic Proteome Research Group, Christian-Albrechts-UniversitƤt, D24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Maria Miksiewicz
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, D20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nicole Schwarz
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, D20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marion Nissen
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, D20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Friedrich Haag
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, D20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Tholey
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Systematic Proteome Research Group, Christian-Albrechts-UniversitƤt, D24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Friedrich Koch-Nolte
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, D20246 Hamburg, Germany;
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26
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Mutations of the functional ARH1 allele in tumors from ARH1 heterozygous mice and cells affect ARH1 catalytic activity, cell proliferation and tumorigenesis. Oncogenesis 2015; 4:e151. [PMID: 26029825 PMCID: PMC4753525 DOI: 10.1038/oncsis.2015.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Revised: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
ADP-ribosylation results from transfer of the ADP-ribose moiety of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) to an acceptor with ADP-ribose-acceptor content determined by the activities of ADP-ribosyltransferases, which modify the acceptor, and ADP-ribose-acceptor hydrolase (ARH), which cleave the ADP-ribose-acceptor bond. ARH1 was discovered as an ADP-ribose(arginine)protein hydrolase. Previously, we showed that ARH1-knockout and ARH1 heterozygous mice spontaneously developed tumors. Further, ARH1-knockout and ARH1 heterozygous mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) produced tumors when injected into nude mice. In tumors arising in ARH1 heterozygous mice and MEFs, we found both loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of the ARH1 gene and ARH1 gene mutations. In the present report, we found that these mutant ARH1 genes encode proteins with reduced ARH1 enzymatic activity. Moreover, MEFs transformed with ARH1 mutant genes exhibiting different levels of ARH1 activity showed altered rates of proliferation, anchorage-independent colony growth in soft agar, and tumorigenesis in nude mice. MEFs transformed with the wild-type (WT) gene, but expressing low levels of hydrolase activity were also tumorigenic. However, transformation with the WT gene was less likely to yield tumors than transformation with a mutant gene exhibiting similar hydrolase activity. Thus, control of protein-ADP-ribosylation by ARH1 is critical for tumorigenesis. In the human cancer database, LOH and mutations of the ARH1 gene were observed. Further, ARH1 gene mutations were located in exons 3 and 4, comparable to exons 2 and 3 of the murine ARH1 gene, which comprise the catalytic site. Thus, human ARH1 gene mutations similar to their murine counterparts may be involved in human cancers.
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27
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Identification and analysis of ADP-ribosylated proteins. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2015; 384:33-50. [PMID: 25113886 DOI: 10.1007/82_2014_424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The analysis of ADP-ribosylated proteins is a challenging task, on the one hand because of the diversity of the target proteins and the modification sites, on the other hand because of the particular problems posed by the analysis of ADP-ribosylated peptides. ADP-ribosylated proteins can be detected in in vitro experiments after the incorporation of radioactively labeled or chemically modified ADP-ribose. Endogenously ADP-ribosylated proteins may be detected and enriched by antibodies directed against the ADP-ribosyl moiety or by ADP-ribosyl binding macro domains. The determination of the exact attachment site of the modification, which is a prerequisite for the understanding of the specificity of the various ADP-ribosyl transferases and the structural consequences of ADP-ribosylation, necessitates the proteolytic cleavage of the proteins. The resulting peptides can afterwards be enriched either by IMAC (using the affinity of the pyrophosphate group for heavy metal ions) or by immobilized boronic acid beads (using the affinity of the vicinal ribose hydroxy groups for boronic acid). The identification of the modified peptides usually requires tandem mass spectrometric measurements. Problems that hamper the mass spectrometric analysis by collision-induced decay (CID) can be circumvented either by the application of different fragmentation techniques (electron transfer or electron capture dissociation; ETD or ECD) or by enzymatic cleavage of the ADP-ribosyl group to ribosyl-phosphate.
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28
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Teege S, Hann A, Miksiewicz M, MacMillan C, Rissiek B, Buck F, Menzel S, Nissen M, Bannas P, Haag F, Boyer O, Seman M, Adriouch S, Koch-Nolte F. Tuning IL-2 signaling by ADP-ribosylation of CD25. Sci Rep 2015; 5:8959. [PMID: 25753532 PMCID: PMC4354014 DOI: 10.1038/srep08959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Control of immunologic tolerance and homeostasis rely on Foxp3+CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) that constitutively express the high affinity receptor for Interleukin-2, CD25. Tregs proliferate in response to injections of IL-2/anti-IL-2 antibody complexes or low doses of IL-2. However, little is known about endogenous mechanisms that regulate the sensitivity of CD25 to signaling by IL-2. Here we demonstrate that CD25 is ADP-ribosylated at Arg35 in the IL-2 binding site by ecto-ADP-ribosyltransferase ARTC2.2, a toxin-related GPI-anchored ecto-enzyme. ADP-ribosylation inhibits binding of IL-2 by CD25, IL-2- induced phosphorylation of STAT5, and IL-2-dependent cell proliferation. Our study elucidates an as-yet-unrecognized mechanism to tune IL-2 signaling. This newly found mechanism might thwart Tregs at sites of inflammation and thereby permit a more potent response of activated effector T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Teege
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Hann
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Maria Miksiewicz
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Cary MacMillan
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Bjƶrn Rissiek
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Friedrich Buck
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Center, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stephan Menzel
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marion Nissen
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Peter Bannas
- 1] Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center, 20246 Hamburg, Germany [2] Department of Radiology, University Medical Center, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Friedrich Haag
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Olivier Boyer
- 1] Normandy University, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, 76183 Rouen, France [2] Inserm, U905, 76000 Rouen, France [3] Rouen University Hospital, Department of Immunology, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Michel Seman
- 1] Normandy University, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, 76183 Rouen, France [2] Inserm, U905, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Sahil Adriouch
- 1] Normandy University, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, 76183 Rouen, France [2] Inserm, U905, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Friedrich Koch-Nolte
- 1] Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center, 20246 Hamburg, Germany [2] Normandy University, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, 76183 Rouen, France
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29
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Stevens LA, Barbieri JT, Piszczek G, Otuonye AN, Levine RL, Zheng G, Moss J. Nonenzymatic conversion of ADP-ribosylated arginines to ornithine alters the biological activities of human neutrophil peptide-1. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 193:6144-51. [PMID: 25392530 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1303068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Activated neutrophils, recruited to the airway of diseased lung, release human neutrophil peptides (HNP1-4) that are cytotoxic to airway cells as well as microbes. Airway epithelial cells express arginine-specific ADP ribosyltransferase (ART)-1, a GPI-anchored ART that transfers ADP-ribose from NAD to arginines 14 and 24 of HNP-1. We previously reported that ADP-ribosyl-arginine is converted nonenzymatically to ornithine and that ADP-ribosylated HNP-1 and ADP-ribosyl-HNP-(ornithine) were isolated from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of a patient with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, indicating that these reactions occur in vivo. To determine effects of HNP-ornithine on the airway, three analogs of HNP-1, HNP-(R14orn), HNP-(R24orn), and HNP-(R14,24orn), were tested for their activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus; their cytotoxic effects on A549, NCI-H441, small airway epithelial-like cells, and normal human lung fibroblasts; and their ability to stimulate IL-8 and TGF-Ī²1 release from A549 cells, and to serve as ART1 substrates. HNP and the three analogs had similar effects on IL-8 and TGF-Ī²1 release from A549 cells and were all cytotoxic for small airway epithelial cells, NCI-H441, and normal human lung fibroblasts. HNP-(R14,24orn), when compared with HNP-1 and HNP-1 with a single ornithine substitution for arginine 14 or 24, exhibited reduced cytotoxicity, but it enhanced proliferation of A549 cells and had antibacterial activity. Thus, arginines 14 and 24, which can be ADP ribosylated by ART1, are critical to the regulation of the cytotoxic and antibacterial effects of HNP-1. The HNP analog, HNP-(R14,24orn), lacks the epithelial cell cytotoxicity of HNP-1, but partially retains its antibacterial activity and thus may have clinical applications in airway disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda A Stevens
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch, National, Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Joseph T Barbieri
- Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226
| | - Grzegorz Piszczek
- Biophysics Core Facility, National, Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Amy N Otuonye
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch, National, Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Rodney L Levine
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, National, Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; and
| | - Gang Zheng
- Office of Biostatistics Research, National, Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Joel Moss
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch, National, Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892;
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30
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Picchianti M, Russo C, Castagnini M, Biagini M, Soldaini E, Balducci E. NAD-dependent ADP-ribosylation of the human antimicrobial and immune-modulatory peptide LL-37 by ADP-ribosyltransferase-1. Innate Immun 2014; 21:314-21. [PMID: 25128692 DOI: 10.1177/1753425914536242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
LL-37 is a cationic peptide belonging to the cathelicidin family that has antimicrobial and immune-modulatory properties. Here we show that the mammalian mono-ADP-ribosyltransferase-1 (ART1), which selectively transfers the ADP-ribose moiety from NAD to arginine residues, ADP-ribosylates LL-37 inĀ vitro. The incorporation of ADP-ribose was first observed by Western blot analysis and then confirmed by MALDI-TOF. Mass-spectrometry showed that up to four of the five arginine residues present in LL-37 could be ADP-ribosylated on the same peptide when incubated at a high NAD concentration in the presence of ART1. The attachment of negatively charged ADP-ribose moieties considerably alters the positive charge of the arginine residues thus reducing the cationicity of LL-37. The cationic nature of LL-37 is key for its ability to interact with cell membranes or negatively charged biomolecules, such as DNA, RNA, F-actin and glycosaminoglycans. Thus, the ADP-ribosylation of LL-37 is expected to have the potential to modulate LL-37 biological activities in several physiological and pathological settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Picchianti
- Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics, Siena, Italy Department of Evolutionary Biology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Carla Russo
- Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics, Siena, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Enrico Balducci
- School of Biosciences and Biotechnologies, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
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31
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Human neutrophil peptide 1 variants bearing arginine modified cationic side chains: effects on membrane partitioning. Biophys Chem 2014; 190-191:32-40. [PMID: 24820901 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2014.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Revised: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Ī±-Defensins (e.g. human neutrophil peptides, HNPs) have a broad spectrum bactericidal activity contributing to human innate immunity. The positive charge of amino acid side chains is responsible for the first interaction of cationic antimicrobial peptides with negatively charged bacterial membranes. Ī±-Defensins contain a high content of Arg residues compared to Lys. In this paper, different peptide analogs including substitution of Arg-14 respectively with N(G)-N(G')-asymmetric dimethyl-l-arginine (ADMA), N(G)-N(G')-symmetric dimethyl-l-arginine (SDMA) and Lys (R14K and R15KR14KR15K) variants have been studied to test the role of Arg guanidino group and the localized cationic charge of Lys for interaction with lipid membranes. Our findings show that all the variants have a decreased disruptive activity against the bilayer. The methylated analogs show a reduction in membrane partitioning due to the lack of their ability to form hydrogen bonds. Comparison with the native HNP-1 peptide has been discussed.
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32
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KUANG JING, WANG YALAN, XIAO MING, TANG YI, CHEN WENWEN, SONG GUANGLIN, YANG XI, LI MING. Synergistic effect of arginine-specific ADP-ribosyltransferase 1 and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 on apoptosis induced by cisplatin in CT26 cells. Oncol Rep 2014; 31:2335-43. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2014.3100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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33
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Regulation of the actin-activated MgATPase activity of Acanthamoeba myosin II by phosphorylation of serine 639 in motor domain loop 2. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2012; 110:E23-32. [PMID: 23248278 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1219713110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
It had been proposed previously that only filamentous forms of Acanthamoeba myosin II have actin-activated MgATPase activity and that this activity is inhibited by phosphorylation of up to four serine residues in a repeating sequence in the C-terminal nonhelical tailpiece of the two heavy chains. We have reinvestigated these issues using recombinant WT and mutant myosins. Contrary to the earlier proposal, we show that two nonfilamentous forms of Acanthamoeba myosin II, heavy meromyosin and myosin subfragment 1, have actin-activated MgATPase that is down-regulated by phosphorylation. By mass spectroscopy, we identified five serines in the heavy chains that can be phosphorylated by a partially purified kinase preparation in vitro and also are phosphorylated in endogenous myosin isolated from the amoebae: four serines in the nonhelical tailpiece and Ser639 in loop 2 of the motor domain. S639A mutants of both subfragment 1 and full-length myosin had actin-activated MgATPase that was not inhibited by phosphorylation of the serines in the nonhelical tailpiece or their mutation to glutamic acid or aspartic acid. Conversely, S639D mutants of both subfragment 1 and full-length myosin were inactive, irrespective of the phosphorylation state of the serines in the nonhelical tailpiece. To our knowledge, this is the first example of regulation of the actin-activated MgATPase activity of any myosin by modification of surface loop 2.
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34
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Castagnini M, Picchianti M, Talluri E, Biagini M, Del Vecchio M, Di Procolo P, Norais N, Nardi-Dei V, Balducci E. Arginine-specific mono ADP-ribosylation in vitro of antimicrobial peptides by ADP-ribosylating toxins. PLoS One 2012; 7:e41417. [PMID: 22879887 PMCID: PMC3413682 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0041417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2012] [Accepted: 06/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the several toxins used by pathogenic bacteria to target eukaryotic host cells, proteins that exert ADP-ribosylation activity represent a large and studied family of dangerous and potentially lethal toxins. These proteins alter cell physiology catalyzing the transfer of the ADP-ribose unit from NAD to cellular proteins involved in key metabolic pathways. In the present study, we tested the capability of four of these toxins, to ADP-ribosylate Ī±- and Ī²- defensins. Cholera toxin (CT) from Vibrio cholerae and heat labile enterotoxin (LT) from Escherichia coli both modified the human Ī±-defensin (HNP-1) and Ī²- defensin-1 (HBD1), as efficiently as the mammalian mono-ADP-ribosyltransferase-1. Pseudomonas aeruginosa exoenzyme S was inactive on both HNP-1 and HBD1. Neisseria meningitidis NarE poorly recognized HNP-1 as a substrate but it was completely inactive on HBD1. On the other hand, HNP-1 strongly influenced NarE inhibiting its transferase activity while enhancing auto-ADP-ribosylation. We conclude that only some arginine-specific ADP-ribosylating toxins recognize defensins as substrates in vitro. Modifications that alter the biological activities of antimicrobial peptides may be relevant for the innate immune response. In particular, ADP-ribosylation of antimicrobial peptides may represent a novel escape mechanism adopted by pathogens to facilitate colonization of host tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Monica Picchianti
- Novartis Vaccines & Diagnostics, Siena, Italy
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Enrico Balducci
- School of Biosciences and Biotechnologies, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
- * E-mail:
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35
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Icenogle LM, Hengel SM, Coye LH, Streifel A, Collins CM, Goodlett DR, Moseley SL. Molecular and biological characterization of Streptococcal SpyA-mediated ADP-ribosylation of intermediate filament protein vimentin. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:21481-91. [PMID: 22549780 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.370791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The Gram-positive bacterial pathogen Streptococcus pyogenes produces a C3 family ADP-ribosyltransferase designated SpyA (S. pyogenes ADP-ribosyltransferase). Our laboratory has identified a number of eukaryotic protein targets for SpyA, prominent among which are the cytoskeletal proteins actin and vimentin. Because vimentin is an unusual target for modification by bacterial ADP-ribosyltransferases, we quantitatively compared the activity of SpyA on vimentin and actin. Vimentin was the preferred substrate for SpyA (k(cat), 58.5 Ā± 3.4 min(-1)) relative to actin (k(cat), 10.1 Ā± 0.6 min(-1)), and vimentin was modified at a rate 9.48 Ā± 1.95-fold greater than actin. We employed tandem mass spectrometry analysis to identify sites of ADP-ribosylation on vimentin. The primary sites of modification were Arg-44 and -49 in the head domain, with several additional secondary sites identified. Because the primary sites are located in a domain of vimentin known to be important for the regulation of polymerization by phosphorylation, we investigated the effects of SpyA activity on vimentin polymerization, utilizing an in vitro NaCl-induced filamentation assay. SpyA inhibited vimentin filamentation, whereas a catalytic site mutant of SpyA had no effect. Additionally, we demonstrated that expression of SpyA in HeLa cells resulted in collapse of the vimentin cytoskeleton, whereas expression in RAW 264.7 cells impeded vimentin reorganization upon stimulation of this macrophage-like cell line with LPS. We conclude that SpyA modification of vimentin occurs in an important regulatory region of the head domain and has significant functional effects on vimentin assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M Icenogle
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
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Welsby I, Hutin D, Leo O. Complex roles of members of the ADP-ribosyl transferase super family in immune defences: looking beyond PARP1. Biochem Pharmacol 2012; 84:11-20. [PMID: 22402301 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2012.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2012] [Revised: 02/16/2012] [Accepted: 02/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
ADP ribosylation has been recently recognised as an important posttranslational modification regulating numerous cellular processes. This enzymatic activity is shared by two major families of enzymes, the extracellular ADP-ribosyl-transferases, or ecto-ARTS and the poly-ADP-ribosyltranferases, whose denomination derives from the capacity of its founding member, PARP1, to synthesise large linear or branched polymers of ADP-ribose on target proteins. This latter post-translational modification has recently attracted much interest based on its role in the cellular response to genotoxic and oxidative stress. Accordingly, a series of PARP-specific pharmacological inhibitors have demonstrated cell survival and anti-inflammatory properties in vivo, promoting a renewed interest in the potential immunoregulatory role of this gene family. More recently, the role of ADP-ribosylation in regulating several aspects of intracellular signalling and gene transcription has been uncovered, in particular within cells of the immune system, revealing the potential immunomodulatory role of several members of this family in addition to PARP1. We review herein the experimental evidence illustrating the complex role played by this gene family in regulating multiple aspects of the immune response, including cell survival, cytokine gene transcription and antiviral innate defences. In particular, the unexpected potential anti-inflammatory role of members of this family (including in particular PARP5a, 5b and PARP14) will be briefly discussed, raising some concern on the use of pan-specific PARP inhibitors to treat chronic inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iain Welsby
- Laboratoire d'Immunobiologie, UniversitƩ Libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies, Belgium
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Structural and Functional Consequences Induced by Post-Translational Modifications in Ī±-Defensins. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PEPTIDES 2011; 2011:594723. [PMID: 21904558 PMCID: PMC3163396 DOI: 10.1155/2011/594723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2011] [Accepted: 05/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
HNP-1 is an antimicrobial peptide that undergoes proteolytic cleavage to become a mature peptide. This process represents the mechanism commonly used by the cells to obtain a fully active antimicrobial peptide. In addition, it has been recently described that HNP-1 is recognized as substrate by the arginine-specific ADP-ribosyltransferase-1. Arginine-specific mono-ADP-ribosylation is an enzyme-catalyzed post-translational modification in which NAD+ serves as donor of the ADP-ribose moiety, which is transferred to the guanidino group of arginines in target proteins. While the arginine carries one positive charge, the ADP-ribose is negatively charged at the phosphate moieties at physiological pH. Therefore, the attachment of one or more ADP-ribose units results in a marked change of cationicity. ADP-ribosylation of HNP-1 drastically reduces its cytotoxic and antibacterial activities. While the chemotactic activity of HNP-1 remains unaltered, its ability to induce interleukin-8 production is enhanced. The arginine 14 of HNP-1 modified by the ADP-ribose is in some cases processed into ornithine, perhaps representing a different modality in the regulation of HNP-1 activities.
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Kato J, Zhu J, Liu C, Stylianou M, Hoffmann V, Lizak MJ, Glasgow CG, Moss J. ADP-ribosylarginine hydrolase regulates cell proliferation and tumorigenesis. Cancer Res 2011; 71:5327-35. [PMID: 21697277 PMCID: PMC3399181 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-10-0733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Protein ADP-ribosylation is a reversible posttranslational modification of uncertain significance in cancer. In this study, we evaluated the consequences for cancer susceptibility in the mouse of a genetic deletion of the enzyme responsible for removing mono-ADP-ribose moieties from arginines in cellular proteins. Specifically, we analyzed cancer susceptibility in animals lacking the ADP-ribosylarginine hydrolase (ARH1) that cleaves the ADP ribose-protein bond. ARH1(-/-) cells or ARH1(-/-) cells overexpressing an inactive mutant ARH1 protein (ARH1(-/-)+dm) had higher proliferation rates than either wild-type ARH1(+/+) cells or ARH1(-/-) cells engineered to express the wild-type ARH1 enzyme. More significantly, ARH1(-/-) and ARH1(+/-) mice spontaneously developed lymphomas, adenocarcinomas, and metastases more frequently than wild-type ARH1(+/+) mice. In ARH1(+/-) mice, we documented in all arising tumors mutation of the remaining wild-type allele (or loss of heterozygosity), illustrating the strict correlation that existed between tumor formation and absence of ARH1 gene function. Our findings show that proper control of protein ADP-ribosylation levels affected by ARH1 is essential for cancer suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiro Kato
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jianfeng Zhu
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Chengyu Liu
- Transgenic Mouse Core Facility, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Mario Stylianou
- Office of Biostatistics Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Victoria Hoffmann
- Diagnostic and Research Service Branch, Division of Veterinary Resources, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | | | - Joel Moss
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
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Laing S, Koch-Nolte F, Haag F, Buck F. Strategies for the identification of arginine ADP-ribosylation sites. J Proteomics 2011; 75:169-76. [PMID: 21784185 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2011.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2011] [Revised: 06/27/2011] [Accepted: 07/04/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Mono-ADP-ribosylation of arginine is a protein modification in eukaryotic cells regulating protein activity and thereby influencing signal transduction and metabolism. Due to the complexity of the modification and the fragmentation pattern in MS/MS CID experiments, the identification of ADP-ribosylation sites in complex mixtures is difficult. Here we describe a two-step strategy, in the first step enriching and identifying potentially ADP-ribosylated proteins and in the second step identifying the sites of modification by a combination of LC/MS-, LC/MS(E) (MS at elevated fragmentation energy)- and LC/MS/MS experiments. Using this technique we could identify two ADP-ribosylation sites in TNFĪ± digested with trypsin, protease V8 and both proteases and thereby demonstrate the specific ADP-ribosylation of TNFĪ±. In complex samples the detection of ADP-ribosylated peptides requires further enrichment of the modified peptides. We tested various materials routinely used for the isolation of phosphopeptides. IMAC as well as TiO(2) chromatography were successfully applied for the selective enrichment of ADP-ribosylated model peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Laing
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
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Koch-Nolte F, Fischer S, Haag F, Ziegler M. Compartmentation of NAD+-dependent signalling. FEBS Lett 2011; 585:1651-6. [PMID: 21443875 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2011.03.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2011] [Revised: 03/21/2011] [Accepted: 03/21/2011] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
NAD(+) plays central roles in energy metabolism as redox carrier. Recent research has identified important signalling functions of NAD(+) that involve its consumption. Although NAD(+) is synthesized mainly in the cytosol, nucleus and mitochondria, it has been detected also in vesicular and extracellular compartments. Three protein families that consume NAD(+) in signalling reactions have been characterized on a molecular level: ADP-ribosyltransferases (ARTs), Sirtuins (SIRTs), and NAD(+) glycohydrolases (NADases). Members of these families serve important regulatory functions in various cellular compartments, e.g., by linking the cellular energy state to gene expression in the nucleus, by regulating nitrogen metabolism in mitochondria, and by sensing tissue damage in the extracellular compartment. Distinct NAD(+) pools may be crucial for these processes. Here, we review the current knowledge about the compartmentation and biochemistry of NAD(+)-converting enzymes that control NAD(+) signalling.
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Laing S, Unger M, Koch-Nolte F, Haag F. ADP-ribosylation of arginine. Amino Acids 2010; 41:257-69. [PMID: 20652610 PMCID: PMC3102197 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-010-0676-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2010] [Accepted: 06/24/2010] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Arginine adenosine-5ā²-diphosphoribosylation (ADP-ribosylation) is an enzyme-catalyzed, potentially reversible posttranslational modification, in which the ADP-ribose moiety is transferred from NAD+ to the guanidino moiety of arginine. At 540Ā Da, ADP-ribose has the size of approximately five amino acid residues. In contrast to arginine, which, at neutral pH, is positively charged, ADP-ribose carries two negatively charged phosphate moieties. Arginine ADP-ribosylation, thus, causes a notable change in size and chemical property at the ADP-ribosylation site of the target protein. Often, this causes steric interference of the interaction of the target protein with binding partners, e.g. toxin-catalyzed ADP-ribosylation of actin at R177 sterically blocks actin polymerization. In case of the nucleotide-gated P2X7 ion channel, ADP-ribosylation at R125 in the vicinity of the ligand-binding site causes channel gating. Arginine-specific ADP-ribosyltransferases (ARTs) carry a characteristic R-S-EXE motif that distinguishes these enzymes from structurally related enzymes which catalyze ADP-ribosylation of other amino acid side chains, DNA, or small molecules. Arginine-specific ADP-ribosylation can be inhibited by small molecule arginine analogues such as agmatine or meta-iodobenzylguanidine (MIBG), which themselves can serve as targets for arginine-specific ARTs. ADP-ribosylarginine specific hydrolases (ARHs) can restore target protein function by hydrolytic removal of the entire ADP-ribose moiety. In some cases, ADP-ribosylarginine is processed into secondary posttranslational modifications, e.g. phosphoribosylarginine or ornithine. This review summarizes current knowledge on arginine-specific ADP-ribosylation, focussing on the methods available for its detection, its biological consequences, and the enzymes responsible for this modification and its reversal, and discusses future perspectives for research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Laing
- Campus Forschung, 2. OG Rm 02.0058, Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
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Tecle T, Tripathi S, Hartshorn KL. Review: Defensins and cathelicidins in lung immunity. Innate Immun 2010; 16:151-9. [PMID: 20418263 DOI: 10.1177/1753425910365734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Defensins were first identified in 1985 and are now recognized as part of a large family of antimicrobial peptides, divided into three categories: alpha-, beta-, and -defensins. These defensin classes differ in structure, sites of expression and biological activities. Human alpha-defensins include peptides that are expressed primarily in neutrophils, whereas human beta-defensins are widely expressed in epithelial cells, including those lining the respiratory tract. Defensins were first studied for their broad spectrum activity against bacteria, fungi and viruses; however, it is now clear that they also recruit inflammatory cells and promote innate and adaptive immune responses. Recent evidence shows that defensins have anti-inflammatory effects as well. Hence, defensins can participate in all phases of an immune response in the lung, including initial killing of pathogens and mounting - and resolution -- of an immune or inflammatory response. The cathelicidin, LL-37, is an antimicrobial peptide produced by neutrophils and respiratory epithelial cells that has similar roles in lung immunity as the defensins. A major challenge for the coming years will be to sort out the relative contributions of defensins and LL-37 to overall immune responses in the lung and to determine which of their many in vitro activities are most important for lung immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tesfaldet Tecle
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Massachusetts, USA
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Grahnert A, Grahnert A, Klein C, Schilling E, Wehrhahn J, Hauschildt S. Review: NAD +: a modulator of immune functions. Innate Immun 2010; 17:212-33. [PMID: 20388721 DOI: 10.1177/1753425910361989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Latterly, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) has emerged as a molecule with versatile functions and of enormous impact on the maintenance of cell integrity. Besides playing key roles in almost all major aspects of energy metabolism, there is mounting evidence that NAD+ and its degradation products affect various biological activities including calcium homeostasis, gene transcription, DNA repair, and intercellular communication. This review is aimed at giving a brief insight into the life cycle of NAD+ in the cell, referring to synthesis, action and degradation aspects. With respect to their immunological relevance, the importance and function of the major NAD+ metabolizing enzymes, namely CD38/CD157, ADP-ribosyltransferases (ARTs), poly-ADP-ribose-polymerases (PARPs), and sirtuins are summarized and roles of NAD+ and its main degradation product adenosine 5'-diphosphoribose (ADPR) in cell signaling are discussed. In addition, an outline of the variety of immunological processes depending on the activity of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (Nampt), the key enzyme of the salvage pathway of NAD+ synthesis, is presented. Taken together, an efficient supply of NAD+ seems to be a crucial need for a multitude of cell functions, underlining the yet only partly revealed potency of this small molecule to influence cell fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Grahnert
- Department of Immunobiology, Institute of Biology, University of Leipzig, Talstrasse 33, Leipzig, Germany
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Doss M, White MR, Tecle T, Hartshorn KL. Human defensins and LL-37 in mucosal immunity. J Leukoc Biol 2010; 87:79-92. [PMID: 19808939 PMCID: PMC7167086 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0609382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2009] [Revised: 09/14/2009] [Accepted: 09/15/2009] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Defensins are widespread in nature and have activity against a broad range of pathogens. Defensins have direct antimicrobial effects and also modulate innate and adaptive immune responses. We consider the role of human defensins and the cathelicidin LL-37 in defense of respiratory, gastrointestinal, and genitourinary tracts and the oral cavity, skin, and eye. Human beta-defensins (hBDs) and human defensins 5 and 6 (HD5 and -6) are involved most obviously in mucosal responses, as they are produced principally by epithelial cells. Human alpha-defensins 1-4 (or HNPs 1-4) are produced principally by neutrophils recruited to the mucosa. Understanding the biology of defensins and LL-37 is the beginning to clarify the pathophysiology of mucosal inflammatory and infectious diseases (e.g., Crohn's disease, atopic dermatitis, lung or urinary infections). Challenges for these studies are the redundancy of innate defense mechanisms and the presence and interactions of many innate defense proteins in mucosal secretions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Doss
- Boston University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mitchell R. White
- Boston University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Tesfaldet Tecle
- Boston University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kevan L. Hartshorn
- Boston University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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ADP-ribosylation of human defensin HNP-1 results in the replacement of the modified arginine with the noncoded amino acid ornithine. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2009; 106:19796-800. [PMID: 19897717 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0910633106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Defensins (e.g., human neutrophil peptides, or HNPs) contribute to innate immunity through diverse actions, including microbial killing; high concentrations are present in the lung in response to inflammation. Arginines are critical for HNP activity, which is decreased by their replacement with ornithine. ADP-ribosyltransferases (ARTs) catalyze transfer of ADP-ribose from NAD to an acceptor arginine in a protein substrate, whereas ADP-ribosylarginine hydrolases release ADP-ribose. ART1 on the surface of airway epithelial cells ADP-ribosylated HNP-1 specifically on arginines 14 and 24, with ADP-ribosylation altering biological activity. Di- and mono-ADP-ribosylated HNP-1 were isolated from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of patients with asthma and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), suggesting a role for ADP-ribosylation in disease. In the present study, we observed that ART1-catalyzed ADP-ribosylation of HNP-1 in vitro generated a product with ADP-ribose on arginine 24, and ornithine replacing arginine at position 14. We hypothesized that ADP-ribosylarginine is susceptible to a nonenzymatic hydrolytic reaction yielding ornithine. On incubation of di- or mono-ADP-ribosyl-HNP-1 at 37 degrees C, ADP-ribosylarginine was partially replaced by ornithine, whereas ornithine was not detected by amino acid analysis and mass spectrometry of unmodified HNP-1 incubated under the same conditions. Further, ornithine was produced from the model compound, ADP-ribosylarginine. BALF from an IPF patient contained ADP-ribosyl-HNP-ornithine as well as mono- and di-ADP-ribosylated HNP-1, consistent with in vivo conversion of arginine to ornithine. Targeted ADP-ribosylation of specific arginines by transferases, resulting in their replacement with ornithine, is an alternative pathway for regulation of protein function through posttranslational modification.
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Dysregulation of human beta-defensin-2 protein in inflammatory bowel disease. PLoS One 2009; 4:e6285. [PMID: 19617917 PMCID: PMC2708916 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0006285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2009] [Accepted: 06/10/2009] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Human Ī²-defensin-2 (HBD2) is an antimicrobial peptide implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Low copy number and concomitant low mRNA expression of the HBD2 gene have been implicated in susceptibility to colonic Crohn's Disease (CD). We investigated the colonic distribution of HBD2 mRNA expression, and the contributions of genetic and environmental factors on HBD2 protein production. Methodology/Principal Findings We examined HBD2 mRNA expression at three colonic locations by microarray analysis of biopsies from 151 patients (53 CD, 67 ulcerative colitis [UC], 31 controls). We investigated environmental and genetic influences on HBD2 protein production using ex vivo cultured sigmoid colon biopsies from 69 patients (22 CD, 26 UC, 21 controls) stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and/or nicotine for 24 hours. HBD2 and cytokines were measured in culture supernatants. Using DNA samples from these patients, regions in the HBD2 gene promoter were sequenced for NF-ĪŗB binding-sites and HBD2 gene copy number was determined. HBD2 mRNA expression was highest in inflamed (vs. uninflamed pā=ā0.0122) ascending colon in CD and in inflamed (vs. uninflamed p<0.0001) sigmoid colon in UC. HBD2 protein production was increased in inflamed UC biopsies (pā=ā0.0078). There was no difference in HBD2 protein production from unstimulated biopsies of CD, UC and controls. LPS-induced HBD2 production was significantly increased in CD (pā=ā0.0375) but not UC (pā=ā0.2017); this LPS-induced response was augmented by nicotine in UC (pā=ā0.0308) but not CD (pā=ā0.6872). Nicotine alone did not affect HBD2 production. HBD2 production correlated with IL8 production in UC (p<0.001) and with IL10 in CD (p<0.05). Variations in the HBD2 promoter and HBD2 gene copy number did not affect HBD2 production. Significance/Conclusions Colonic HBD2 was dysregulated at mRNA and protein level in IBD. Inflammatory status and stimulus but not germline variations influenced these changes.
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Basal and inducible expression of the thiol-sensitive ART2.1 ecto-ADP-ribosyltransferase in myeloid and lymphoid leukocytes. Purinergic Signal 2009; 5:369-83. [PMID: 19404775 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-009-9162-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2008] [Accepted: 04/15/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
ADP-ribosylation of cell surface proteins in mammalian cells is a post-translational modification by which ecto-ADP-ribosyltransferases (ARTs) transfer ADP-ribose from extracellular NAD to protein targets. The ART2 locus at murine chromosome 7 encompasses the tandem Art2a and Art2b genes that encode the distinct ART2.1 and ART2.2 proteins. Although both ecto-enzymes share 80% sequence identity, ART2.1 activity is uniquely regulated by an allosteric disulfide bond that is reducible in the presence of extracellular thiols, such as cysteine and glutathione, that accumulate in hypoxic and ischemic tissues. Previous studies have characterized the expression of ART2.1 and ART2.2 in murine T lymphocytes but not in other major classes of lymphoid and myeloid leukocytes. Here, we describe the expression of ART2.1 activity in a wide range of freshly isolated or tissue-cultured murine myeloid and lymphoid leukocytes. Spleen-derived macrophages, dendritic cells (DC), and B cells constitutively express ART2.1 as their predominant ART while spleen T cells express both ART2.1 and the thiol-independent ART2.2 isoform. Although bone-marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM) and dendritic cells (BMDC) constitutively express ART2.1 at low levels, it is markedly up-regulated when these cells are stimulated in vitro with IFNbeta or IFNgamma. ART2.1 expression and activity in splenic B cells is modestly up-regulated during incubation in vitro for 24 h, a condition that promotes B cell apoptosis. This increase in ART2.1 is attenuated by IL-4 (a B cell survival factor), but is not affected by IFNbeta/gamma, suggesting a possible induction of ART2.1 as an ancillary response to B cell apoptosis. In contrast, ART2.1 and ART2.2, which are highly expressed in freshly isolated splenic T cells, are markedly down-regulated when purified T cells are incubated in vitro for 12-24 h. Studies with the BW5147 mouse thymocyte line verified basal expression of ART2.1 and ART2.2, as in primary spleen T cells, and demonstrated that both isoforms can be up-regulated when T cells are maintained in the presence of IFNs. Comparison of the surface proteins which are ADP-ribosylated by ART2.1 in the different leukocyte subtypes indicated both shared and cell-specific proteins as ART2.1 substrates. The LFA-1 integrin, a major target for ART2.2 in T cells, is also ADP-ribosylated by the ART2.1 expressed in macrophages. Thus, ART2.1, in contrast to ART2.2, is expressed in a broad range of myeloid and lymphoid leukocytes. The thiol redox-sensitive nature of this ecto-enzyme suggests an involvement in purinergic signaling that occurs in the combined context of inflammation and hypoxia/ischemia.
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Nakano T, Matsushima-Hibiya Y, Yamamoto M, Enomoto S, Matsumoto Y, Totsuka Y, Watanabe M, Sugimura T, Wakabayashi K. Purification and molecular cloning of a DNA ADP-ribosylating protein, CARP-1, from the edible clam Meretrix lamarckii. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2006; 103:13652-7. [PMID: 16945908 PMCID: PMC1564245 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0606140103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The cabbage butterflies Pieris rapae and Pieris brassicae have unique enzymes, named pierisin-1 and -2, respectively, that catalyze the ADP-ribosylation of guanine residues of DNA, which has been linked with induction of apoptosis and mutation in mammalian cell lines. In the present study, we identified ADP-ribosylation activity targeting DNA in six kinds of edible clam. Similar to our observations with pierisin-1 and -2, crude extracts from the clams Meretrix lamarckii, Ruditapes philippinarum, and Corbicula japonica incubated with calf thymus DNA and beta-NAD resulted in production of N(2)-(ADP-ribos-1-yl)-2'-deoxyguanosine. The DNA ADP-ribosylating protein in the hard clam M. lamarckii, designated as CARP-1, was purified by column chromatography, and its cDNA was cloned. The cDNA encodes a 182-aa protein with a calculated molecular mass of 20,332. The protein synthesized in vitro from the cDNA in a reticulocyte lysate exhibited the same ADP-ribosylating activity as that of purified CARP-1. Neither the nucleotide nor the deduced amino acid sequence of CARP-1 showed homology with pierisin-1 or -2. However, a glutamic acid residue (E128) at the putative NAD-binding site, conserved in all ADP-ribosyltransferases, was found in CARP-1, and replacement of aspartic acid for this glutamic acid resulted in loss of almost all ADP-ribosylating activity. CARP-1 in the culture medium showed no cytotoxicity against HeLa and TMK-1 cells; however, introduction of this protein by electroporation induced apoptosis in these cells. The finding of clam ADP-ribosylating protein targeting guanine residues in DNA could offer new insights into the biological significance of ADP-ribosylation of DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Nakano
- *Cancer Prevention Basic Research Project, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan; and
| | - Yuko Matsushima-Hibiya
- *Cancer Prevention Basic Research Project, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan; and
| | - Masafumi Yamamoto
- *Cancer Prevention Basic Research Project, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan; and
| | - Shigeki Enomoto
- *Cancer Prevention Basic Research Project, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan; and
| | - Yasuko Matsumoto
- *Cancer Prevention Basic Research Project, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan; and
| | - Yukari Totsuka
- *Cancer Prevention Basic Research Project, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan; and
| | - Masahiko Watanabe
- *Cancer Prevention Basic Research Project, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan; and
- Department of Pharmacy, Shujitsu University, 1-6-1 Nishigawara, Okayama 703-8516, Japan
| | - Takashi Sugimura
- *Cancer Prevention Basic Research Project, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan; and
- To whom correspondence may be addressed. E-mail:
or
| | - Keiji Wakabayashi
- *Cancer Prevention Basic Research Project, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan; and
- To whom correspondence may be addressed. E-mail:
or
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