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Sluchanko NN, Kapitonova AA, Shulepko MA, Kukushkin ID, Kulbatskii DS, Tugaeva KV, Varfolomeeva LA, Minyaev ME, Boyko KM, Popov VO, Kirpichnikov MP, Lyukmanova EN. Crystal structure reveals canonical recognition of the phosphorylated cytoplasmic loop of human alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor by 14-3-3 protein. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 682:91-96. [PMID: 37804592 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.09.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are ligand-gated ion channels composed of five homologous subunits. The homopentameric α7-nAChR, abundantly expressed in the brain, is involved in the regulation of the neuronal plasticity and memory and undergoes phosphorylation by protein kinase A (PKA). Here, we extracted native α7-nAChR from murine brain, validated its assembly by cryo-EM and showed that phosphorylation by PKA in vitro enables its interaction with the abundant human brain protein 14-3-3ζ. Bioinformatic analysis narrowed the putative 14-3-3-binding site down to the fragment of the intracellular loop (ICL) containing Ser365 (Q361RRCSLASVEMS372), known to be phosphorylated in vivo. We reconstructed the 14-3-3ζ/ICL peptide complex and determined its structure by X-ray crystallography, which confirmed the Ser365 phosphorylation-dependent canonical recognition of the ICL by 14-3-3. A common mechanism of nAChRs' regulation by ICL phosphorylation and 14-3-3 binding that potentially affects nAChR activity, stoichiometry, and surface expression is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolai N Sluchanko
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119071, Russia.
| | - Anna A Kapitonova
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119071, Russia
| | - Mikhail A Shulepko
- Faculty of Biology, MSU-BIT Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518172, China
| | - Ilya D Kukushkin
- Phystech School of Biological and Medical Physics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Institutskiy per. 9, Dolgoprudny, Moscow region, 141701, Russia; Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - Dmitrii S Kulbatskii
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - Kristina V Tugaeva
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119071, Russia
| | - Larisa A Varfolomeeva
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119071, Russia
| | - Mikhail E Minyaev
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Konstantin M Boyko
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119071, Russia
| | - Vladimir O Popov
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119071, Russia; Interdisciplinary Scientific and Educational School of Moscow University "Molecular Technologies of the Living Systems and Synthetic Biology", Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| | - Mikhail P Kirpichnikov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia; Interdisciplinary Scientific and Educational School of Moscow University "Molecular Technologies of the Living Systems and Synthetic Biology", Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| | - Ekaterina N Lyukmanova
- Faculty of Biology, MSU-BIT Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518172, China; Phystech School of Biological and Medical Physics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Institutskiy per. 9, Dolgoprudny, Moscow region, 141701, Russia; Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia; Interdisciplinary Scientific and Educational School of Moscow University "Molecular Technologies of the Living Systems and Synthetic Biology", Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, Moscow, 119234, Russia.
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Lyukmanova EN, Zaigraev MM, Kulbatskii DS, Isaev AB, Kukushkin ID, Bychkov ML, Shulepko MA, Chugunov AO, Kirpichnikov MP. Molecular Basis for Mambalgin-2 Interaction with Heterotrimeric α-ENaC/ASIC1a/γ-ENaC Channels in Cancer Cells. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:612. [PMID: 37888643 PMCID: PMC10610865 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15100612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer progression is characterized by microenvironmental acidification. Tumor cells adapt to low environmental pH by activating acid-sensing trimeric ion channels of the DEG/ENaC family. The α-ENaC/ASIC1a/γ-ENaC heterotrimeric channel is a tumor-specific acid-sensing channel, and its targeting can be considered a new strategy for cancer therapy. Mambalgin-2 from the Dendroaspis polylepis venom inhibits the α-ENaC/ASIC1a/γ-ENaC heterotrimer more effectively than the homotrimeric ASIC1a channel, initially proposed as the target of mambalgin-2. Although the molecular basis of such mambalgin selectivity remained unclear. Here, we built the models of the complexes of mambalgin-2 with the α-ENaC/ASIC1a/γ-ENaC and ASIC1a channels, performed MD and predicted the difference in the binding modes. The importance of the 'head' loop region of mambalgin-2 for the interaction with the hetero-, but not with the homotrimeric channel was confirmed by site-directed mutagenesis and electrophysiology. A new mode of allosteric regulation of the ENaC channels by linking the thumb domain of the ASIC1a subunit with the palm domain of the γ-ENaC subunit was proposed. The data obtained provide new insights into the regulation of various types of acid-sensing ion channels and the development of new strategies for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina N. Lyukmanova
- Faculty of Biology, MSU-BIT Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518172, China;
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, Moscow 117997, Russia; (M.M.Z.); (D.S.K.); (A.B.I.); (I.D.K.); (M.L.B.); (A.O.C.); (M.P.K.)
- Phystech School of Biological and Medical Physics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (National Research University), Institutsky Lane 9, Dolgoprudny, Moscow 141701, Russia
- Interdisciplinary Scientific and Educational School of Moscow University «Molecular Technologies of the Living Systems and Synthetic Biology», Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, Moscow 119234, Russia
| | - Maxim M. Zaigraev
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, Moscow 117997, Russia; (M.M.Z.); (D.S.K.); (A.B.I.); (I.D.K.); (M.L.B.); (A.O.C.); (M.P.K.)
- Phystech School of Biological and Medical Physics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (National Research University), Institutsky Lane 9, Dolgoprudny, Moscow 141701, Russia
| | - Dmitrii S. Kulbatskii
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, Moscow 117997, Russia; (M.M.Z.); (D.S.K.); (A.B.I.); (I.D.K.); (M.L.B.); (A.O.C.); (M.P.K.)
| | - Aizek B. Isaev
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, Moscow 117997, Russia; (M.M.Z.); (D.S.K.); (A.B.I.); (I.D.K.); (M.L.B.); (A.O.C.); (M.P.K.)
- Phystech School of Biological and Medical Physics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (National Research University), Institutsky Lane 9, Dolgoprudny, Moscow 141701, Russia
| | - Ilya D. Kukushkin
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, Moscow 117997, Russia; (M.M.Z.); (D.S.K.); (A.B.I.); (I.D.K.); (M.L.B.); (A.O.C.); (M.P.K.)
- Phystech School of Biological and Medical Physics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (National Research University), Institutsky Lane 9, Dolgoprudny, Moscow 141701, Russia
| | - Maxim L. Bychkov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, Moscow 117997, Russia; (M.M.Z.); (D.S.K.); (A.B.I.); (I.D.K.); (M.L.B.); (A.O.C.); (M.P.K.)
| | | | - Anton O. Chugunov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, Moscow 117997, Russia; (M.M.Z.); (D.S.K.); (A.B.I.); (I.D.K.); (M.L.B.); (A.O.C.); (M.P.K.)
- Phystech School of Biological and Medical Physics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (National Research University), Institutsky Lane 9, Dolgoprudny, Moscow 141701, Russia
| | - Mikhail P. Kirpichnikov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, Moscow 117997, Russia; (M.M.Z.); (D.S.K.); (A.B.I.); (I.D.K.); (M.L.B.); (A.O.C.); (M.P.K.)
- Interdisciplinary Scientific and Educational School of Moscow University «Molecular Technologies of the Living Systems and Synthetic Biology», Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, Moscow 119234, Russia
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Tsetlin V, Shelukhina I, Kozlov S, Kasheverov I. Fifty Years of Animal Toxin Research at the Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13884. [PMID: 37762187 PMCID: PMC10530976 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241813884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This review covers briefly the work carried out at our institute (IBCh), in many cases in collaboration with other Russian and foreign laboratories, for the last 50 years. It discusses the discoveries and studies of various animal toxins, including protein and peptide neurotoxins acting on the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) and on other ion channels. Among the achievements are the determination of the primary structures of the α-bungarotoxin-like three-finger toxins (TFTs), covalently bound dimeric TFTs, glycosylated cytotoxin, inhibitory cystine knot toxins (ICK), modular ICKs, and such giant molecules as latrotoxins and peptide neurotoxins from the snake, as well as from other animal venoms. For a number of toxins, spatial structures were determined, mostly by 1H-NMR spectroscopy. Using this method in combination with molecular modeling, the molecular mechanisms of the interactions of several toxins with lipid membranes were established. In more detail are presented the results of recent years, among which are the discovery of α-bungarotoxin analogs distinguishing the two binding sites in the muscle-type nAChR, long-chain α-neurotoxins interacting with α9α10 nAChRs and with GABA-A receptors, and the strong antiviral effects of dimeric phospholipases A2. A summary of the toxins obtained from arthropod venoms includes only highly cited works describing the molecules' success story, which is associated with IBCh. In marine animals, versatile toxins in terms of structure and molecular targets were discovered, and careful work on α-conotoxins differing in specificity for individual nAChR subtypes gave information about their binding sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Tsetlin
- Department of Molecular Neuroimmune Signaling, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 16/10 Miklukho-Maklay Str., 117997 Moscow, Russia; (I.S.); (I.K.)
| | - Irina Shelukhina
- Department of Molecular Neuroimmune Signaling, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 16/10 Miklukho-Maklay Str., 117997 Moscow, Russia; (I.S.); (I.K.)
| | - Sergey Kozlov
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 16/10 Miklukho-Maklay Str., 117997 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Igor Kasheverov
- Department of Molecular Neuroimmune Signaling, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 16/10 Miklukho-Maklay Str., 117997 Moscow, Russia; (I.S.); (I.K.)
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4
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Bychkov ML, Shulepko MA, Shlepova OV, Kulbatskii DS, Chulina IA, Paramonov AS, Baidakova LK, Azev VN, Koshelev SG, Kirpichnikov MP, Shenkarev ZO, Lyukmanova EN. SLURP-1 Controls Growth and Migration of Lung Adenocarcinoma Cells, Forming a Complex With α7-nAChR and PDGFR/EGFR Heterodimer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:739391. [PMID: 34595181 PMCID: PMC8476798 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.739391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Secreted Ly6/uPAR-related protein 1 (SLURP-1) is a secreted Ly6/uPAR protein that negatively modulates the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor of α7 type (α7-nAChR), participating in control of cancer cell growth. Previously we showed, that a recombinant analogue of human SLURP-1 (rSLURP-1) diminishes the lung adenocarcinoma A549 cell proliferation and abolishes the nicotine-induced growth stimulation. Here, using multiplex immunoassay, we demonstrated a decrease in PTEN and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) kinase phosphorylation in A549 cells upon the rSLURP-1 treatment pointing on down-regulation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Decreased phosphorylation of the platelet-derived growth factor receptor type β (PDGFRβ) and arrest of the A549 cell cycle in the S and G2/M phases without apoptosis induction was also observed. Using a scratch migration assay, inhibition of A549 cell migration under the rSLURP-1 treatment was found. Affinity extraction demonstrated that rSLURP-1 in A549 cells forms a complex not only with α7-nAChR, but also with PDGFRα and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), which are known to be involved in regulation of cancer cell growth and migration and are able to form a heterodimer. Knock-down of the genes encoding α7-nAChR, PDGFRα, and EGFR confirmed the involvement of these receptors in the anti-migration effect of SLURP-1. Thus, SLURP-1 can target the α7-nAChR complexes with PDGFRα and EGFR in the membrane of epithelial cells. Using chimeric proteins with grafted SLURP-1 loops we demonstrated that loop I is the principal active site responsible for the SLURP-1 interaction with α7-nAChR and its antiproliferative effect. Synthetic peptide mimicking the loop I cyclized by a disulfide bond inhibited ACh-evoked current at α7-nAChR, as well as A549 cell proliferation and migration. This synthetic peptide represents a promising prototype of new antitumor drug with the properties close to that of the native SLURP-1 protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxim L. Bychkov
- Bioengineering Department, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail A. Shulepko
- Bioengineering Department, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga V. Shlepova
- Bioengineering Department, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Moscow, Russia
- Phystech School of Biological and Medical Physics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Dmitrii S. Kulbatskii
- Bioengineering Department, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina A. Chulina
- Group of Peptide Chemistry, Branch of Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Pushchino, Russia
| | - Alexander S. Paramonov
- Department of Structural Biology, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ludmila K. Baidakova
- Group of Peptide Chemistry, Branch of Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Pushchino, Russia
| | - Viatcheslav N. Azev
- Group of Peptide Chemistry, Branch of Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Pushchino, Russia
| | - Sergey G. Koshelev
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail P. Kirpichnikov
- Bioengineering Department, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Moscow, Russia
- Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Zakhar O. Shenkarev
- Phystech School of Biological and Medical Physics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
- Department of Structural Biology, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina N. Lyukmanova
- Bioengineering Department, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Moscow, Russia
- Phystech School of Biological and Medical Physics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
- Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
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Paramonov AS, Shulepko MA, Kocharovskaya MV, Alenkin AE, Evdokimova AO, Akentiev PI, Shenkarev ZO, Kirpichnikov MP, Lyukmanova EN. Bacterial Production and Structural Study of Human Neuromodulator Lynx2. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162020060230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Kulbatskii DS, Shulepko MA, Sluchanko NN, Yablokov EO, Kamyshinsky RA, Chesnokov YM, Kirpichnikov MP, Lyukmanova EN. Efficient screening of ligand-receptor complex formation using fluorescence labeling and size-exclusion chromatography. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 532:127-133. [PMID: 32828540 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Evidence of a complex formation is a crucial step in the structural studies of ligand-receptor interactions. Here we presented a simple and fast approach for qualitative screening of the complex formation between the chimeric extracellular domain of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7-ECD) and three-finger proteins. Complex formation of snake toxins α-Bgtx and WTX, as well as of recombinant analogs of human proteins Lynx1 and SLURP-1, with α7-ECD was confirmed using fluorescently labeled ligands and size-exclusion chromatography with simultaneous absorbance and fluorescence detection. WTX/α7-ECD complex formation also was confirmed by cryo-EM. The proposed approach could easily be adopted to study the interaction of other receptors with their ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- D S Kulbatskii
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - M A Shulepko
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - N N Sluchanko
- A. N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskiy Prospect 33, Building 1, Moscow, 119071, Russia
| | - E O Yablokov
- Federal State Budgetary Institution "V.N. Orekhovich Research Institute of Biomedical Chemistry", Pogodinskaya 10k8, Moscow, 119121, Russia
| | - R A Kamyshinsky
- National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Academic Kurchatov Sq. 1, Moscow, 123182, Russia; Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography of Federal Scientific Research Centre "Crystallography and Photonics" of Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskiy Prospect 59, Moscow, 119333, Russia
| | - Y M Chesnokov
- National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Academic Kurchatov Sq. 1, Moscow, 123182, Russia; Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography of Federal Scientific Research Centre "Crystallography and Photonics" of Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskiy Prospect 59, Moscow, 119333, Russia
| | - M P Kirpichnikov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, Moscow, 117997, Russia; Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie gory, 1k12, Moscow, 119192, Russia
| | - E N Lyukmanova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, Moscow, 117997, Russia; Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie gory, 1k12, Moscow, 119192, Russia.
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Albulescu LO, Kazandjian T, Slagboom J, Bruyneel B, Ainsworth S, Alsolaiss J, Wagstaff SC, Whiteley G, Harrison RA, Ulens C, Kool J, Casewell NR. A Decoy-Receptor Approach Using Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Mimics Reveals Their Potential as Novel Therapeutics Against Neurotoxic Snakebite. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:848. [PMID: 31417406 PMCID: PMC6683245 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Snakebite is a neglected tropical disease that causes 138,000 deaths each year. Neurotoxic snake venoms contain small neurotoxins, including three-finger toxins (3FTxs), which can cause rapid paralysis in snakebite victims by blocking postsynaptic transmission via nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). These toxins are typically weakly immunogenic and thus are often not effectively targeted by current polyclonal antivenom therapies. We investigated whether nAChR mimics, also known as acetylcholine binding proteins (AChBPs), could effectively capture 3FTxs and therefore be developed as a novel class of snake-generic therapeutics for combatting neurotoxic envenoming. First, we identified the binding specificities of 3FTx from various medically important elapid snake venoms to nAChR using two recombinant nAChR mimics: the AChBP from Lymnaea stagnalis and a humanized neuronal α7 version (α7-AChBP). We next characterized these AChBP-bound and unbound fractions using SDS-PAGE and mass spectrometry. Interestingly, both mimics effectively captured long-chain 3FTxs from multiple snake species but largely failed to capture the highly related short-chain 3FTxs, suggesting a high level of binding specificity. We next investigated whether nAChR mimics could be used as snakebite therapeutics. We showed that while α7-AChBP alone did not protect against Naja haje (Egyptian cobra) venom lethality in vivo, it significantly prolonged survival times when coadministered with a nonprotective dose of antivenom. Thus, nAChR mimics are capable of neutralizing specific venom toxins and may be useful adjunct therapeutics for improving the safety and affordability of existing snakebite treatments by reducing therapeutic doses. Our findings justify exploring the future development of AChBPs as potential snakebite treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura-Oana Albulescu
- Centre for Snakebite Research & Interventions, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Taline Kazandjian
- Centre for Snakebite Research & Interventions, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Julien Slagboom
- AIMMS Division of BioMolecular Analysis, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ben Bruyneel
- AIMMS Division of BioMolecular Analysis, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Stuart Ainsworth
- Centre for Snakebite Research & Interventions, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Jaffer Alsolaiss
- Centre for Snakebite Research & Interventions, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Simon C Wagstaff
- Bioinformatics Unit, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Gareth Whiteley
- Centre for Snakebite Research & Interventions, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Robert A Harrison
- Centre for Snakebite Research & Interventions, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom.,Centre for Drugs and Diagnostics, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Chris Ulens
- Laboratory of Structural Neurobiology, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jeroen Kool
- AIMMS Division of BioMolecular Analysis, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Nicholas R Casewell
- Centre for Snakebite Research & Interventions, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom.,Centre for Drugs and Diagnostics, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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Water-soluble variant of human Lynx1 induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in lung cancer cells via modulation of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0217339. [PMID: 31150435 PMCID: PMC6544245 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0217339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lynx1 is the first three-finger prototoxin found in the mammalian central nervous system. It is a GPI-anchored protein modulating nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) in the brain. Besides the brain, the Lynx1 protein was found in the lung and kidney. Endogenous Lynx1 controls the nicotine-induced up-regulation of the expression of α7 type nAChRs in lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells as well as the cell growth. Here, we analyzed the Lynx1 expression in the set of human epithelial cells. The Lynx1 expression both at the mRNA and protein level was detected in normal oral keratinocytes, and lung, colon, epidermal, and breast cancer cells, but not in embryonic kidney cells. Co-localization of Lynx1 with α7-nAChRs was revealed in a cell membrane for lung adenocarcinoma A549 and colon carcinoma HT-29 cells, but not for breast adenocarcinoma MCF-7 and epidermoid carcinoma A431 cells. The recombinant water-soluble variant of Lynx1 without a GPI-anchor (ws-Lynx1) inhibited the growth of A549 cells causing cell cycle arrest via modulation of α7-nAChRs and activation of different intracellular signaling cascades, including PKC/IP3, MAP/ERK, p38, and JNK pathways. A549 cells treatment with ws-Lynx1 resulted in phosphorylation of the proapoptotic tumor suppressor protein p53 and different kinases participated in the regulation of gene transcription, cell growth, adhesion, and differentiation. Externalization of phosphatidylserine, an early apoptosis marker, observed by flow cytometry, confirmed the induction of apoptosis in A549 cells upon the ws-Lynx1 treatment. Our data revealed the ability of ws-Lynx1 to regulate homeostasis of epithelial cancer cells.
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Vasilyeva NA, Loktyushov EV, Bychkov ML, Shenkarev ZO, Lyukmanova EN. Three-Finger Proteins from the Ly6/uPAR Family: Functional Diversity within One Structural Motif. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2018. [PMID: 29523067 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297917130090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The discovery in higher animals of proteins from the Ly6/uPAR family, which have structural homology with snake "three-finger" neurotoxins, has generated great interest in these molecules and their role in the functioning of the organism. These proteins have been found in the nervous, immune, endocrine, and reproductive systems of mammals. There are two types of the Ly6/uPAR proteins: those associated with the cell membrane by GPI-anchor and secreted ones. For some of them (Lynx1, SLURP-1, SLURP-2, Lypd6), as well as for snake α-neurotoxins, the target of action is nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, which are widely represented in the central and peripheral nervous systems, and in many other tissues, including epithelial cells and the immune system. However, the targets of most proteins from the Ly6/uPAR family and the mechanism of their action remain unknown. This review presents data on the structural and functional properties of the Ly6/uPAR proteins, which reveal a variety of functions within a single structural motif.
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Affiliation(s)
- N A Vasilyeva
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Biology, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
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10
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Lyukmanova EN, Shulepko MA, Shenkarev ZO, Bychkov ML, Paramonov AS, Chugunov AO, Kulbatskii DS, Arvaniti M, Dolejsi E, Schaer T, Arseniev AS, Efremov RG, Thomsen MS, Dolezal V, Bertrand D, Dolgikh DA, Kirpichnikov MP. Secreted Isoform of Human Lynx1 (SLURP-2): Spatial Structure and Pharmacology of Interactions with Different Types of Acetylcholine Receptors. Sci Rep 2016; 6:30698. [PMID: 27485575 PMCID: PMC4971505 DOI: 10.1038/srep30698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Human-secreted Ly-6/uPAR-related protein-2 (SLURP-2) regulates the growth and differentiation of epithelial cells. Previously, the auto/paracrine activity of SLURP-2 was considered to be mediated via its interaction with the α3β2 subtype of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). Here, we describe the structure and pharmacology of a recombinant analogue of SLURP-2. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy revealed a 'three-finger' fold of SLURP-2 with a conserved β-structural core and three protruding loops. Affinity purification using cortical extracts revealed that SLURP-2 could interact with the α3, α4, α5, α7, β2, and β4 nAChR subunits, revealing its broader pharmacological profile. SLURP-2 inhibits acetylcholine-evoked currents at α4β2 and α3β2-nAChRs (IC50 ~0.17 and >3 μM, respectively) expressed in Xenopus oocytes. In contrast, at α7-nAChRs, SLURP-2 significantly enhances acetylcholine-evoked currents at concentrations <1 μM but induces inhibition at higher concentrations. SLURP-2 allosterically interacts with human M1 and M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) that are overexpressed in CHO cells. SLURP-2 was found to promote the proliferation of human oral keratinocytes via interactions with α3β2-nAChRs, while it inhibited cell growth via α7-nAChRs. SLURP-2/mAChRs interactions are also probably involved in the control of keratinocyte growth. Computer modeling revealed possible SLURP-2 binding to the 'classical' orthosteric agonist/antagonist binding sites at α7 and α3β2-nAChRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. N. Lyukmanova
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gori 1, Moscow 119234, Russian Federation
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Miklukho-Maklaya Street 16/10, Moscow 117997, Russian Federation
| | - M. A. Shulepko
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gori 1, Moscow 119234, Russian Federation
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Miklukho-Maklaya Street 16/10, Moscow 117997, Russian Federation
| | - Z. O. Shenkarev
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gori 1, Moscow 119234, Russian Federation
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Miklukho-Maklaya Street 16/10, Moscow 117997, Russian Federation
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Institutskiy Pereulok 9, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region 141700, Russian Federation
| | - M. L. Bychkov
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gori 1, Moscow 119234, Russian Federation
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Miklukho-Maklaya Street 16/10, Moscow 117997, Russian Federation
| | - A. S. Paramonov
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gori 1, Moscow 119234, Russian Federation
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Miklukho-Maklaya Street 16/10, Moscow 117997, Russian Federation
| | - A. O. Chugunov
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gori 1, Moscow 119234, Russian Federation
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Miklukho-Maklaya Street 16/10, Moscow 117997, Russian Federation
| | - D. S. Kulbatskii
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gori 1, Moscow 119234, Russian Federation
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Miklukho-Maklaya Street 16/10, Moscow 117997, Russian Federation
| | - M. Arvaniti
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 160, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Eva Dolejsi
- Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic (public research institution), Prague, 14220, Czech Republic
| | - T. Schaer
- HiQScreen Sàrl, 6 rte de Compois, 1222, Vésenaz, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - A. S. Arseniev
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gori 1, Moscow 119234, Russian Federation
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Institutskiy Pereulok 9, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region 141700, Russian Federation
| | - R. G. Efremov
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gori 1, Moscow 119234, Russian Federation
- National Research University Higher School of Economics, Myasnitskaya ul. 20, 101000 Moscow, Russia
| | - M. S. Thomsen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 160, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - V. Dolezal
- Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic (public research institution), Prague, 14220, Czech Republic
| | - D. Bertrand
- HiQScreen Sàrl, 6 rte de Compois, 1222, Vésenaz, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - D. A. Dolgikh
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gori 1, Moscow 119234, Russian Federation
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Miklukho-Maklaya Street 16/10, Moscow 117997, Russian Federation
| | - M. P. Kirpichnikov
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gori 1, Moscow 119234, Russian Federation
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Miklukho-Maklaya Street 16/10, Moscow 117997, Russian Federation
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Lyukmanova EN, Shulepko MA, Kudryavtsev D, Bychkov ML, Kulbatskii DS, Kasheverov IE, Astapova MV, Feofanov AV, Thomsen MS, Mikkelsen JD, Shenkarev ZO, Tsetlin VI, Dolgikh DA, Kirpichnikov MP. Human Secreted Ly-6/uPAR Related Protein-1 (SLURP-1) Is a Selective Allosteric Antagonist of α7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0149733. [PMID: 26905431 PMCID: PMC4764493 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
SLURP-1 is a secreted toxin-like Ly-6/uPAR protein found in epithelium, sensory neurons and immune cells. Point mutations in the slurp-1 gene cause the autosomal inflammation skin disease Mal de Meleda. SLURP-1 is considered an autocrine/paracrine hormone that regulates growth and differentiation of keratinocytes and controls inflammation and malignant cell transformation. The majority of previous studies of SLURP-1 have been made using fusion constructs containing, in addition to the native protein, extra polypeptide sequences. Here we describe the activity and pharmacological profile of a recombinant analogue of human SLURP-1 (rSLURP-1) differing from the native protein only by one additional N-terminal Met residue. rSLURP-1 significantly inhibited proliferation (up to ~ 40%, EC50 ~ 4 nM) of human oral keratinocytes (Het-1A cells). Application of mecamylamine and atropine,—non-selective inhibitors of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) and muscarinic acetylcholine receptors, respectively, and anti-α7-nAChRs antibodies revealed α7 type nAChRs as an rSLURP-1 target in keratinocytes. Using affinity purification from human cortical extracts, we confirmed that rSLURP-1 binds selectively to the α7-nAChRs. Exposure of Xenopus oocytes expressing α7-nAChRs to rSLURP-1 caused a significant non-competitive inhibition of the response to acetylcholine (up to ~ 70%, IC50 ~ 1 μM). It was shown that rSLURP-1 binds to α7-nAChRs overexpressed in GH4Cl cells, but does not compete with 125I-α-bungarotoxin for binding to the receptor. These findings imply an allosteric antagonist-like mode of SLURP-1 interaction with α7-nAChRs outside the classical ligand-binding site. Contrary to rSLURP-1, other inhibitors of α7-nAChRs (mecamylamine, α-bungarotoxin and Lynx1) did not suppress the proliferation of keratinocytes. Moreover, the co-application of α-bungarotoxin with rSLURP-1 did not influence antiproliferative activity of the latter. This supports the hypothesis that the antiproliferative activity of SLURP-1 is related to ‘metabotropic’ signaling pathway through α7-nAChR, that activates intracellular signaling cascades without opening the receptor channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina N. Lyukmanova
- Biological Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation
- Department of Bioengineering, Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
- * E-mail:
| | - Mikhail A. Shulepko
- Biological Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation
- Department of Bioengineering, Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Denis Kudryavtsev
- Department of Molecular Basics of Neurosignalling, Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Maxim L. Bychkov
- Biological Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation
- Department of Bioengineering, Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Dmitrii S. Kulbatskii
- Biological Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation
- Department of Bioengineering, Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Igor E. Kasheverov
- Department of Molecular Basics of Neurosignalling, Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Maria V. Astapova
- Department of Structural Biology, Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Alexey V. Feofanov
- Biological Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation
- Department of Structural Biology, Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Morten S. Thomsen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Neurobiology Research Unit, University Hospital, Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens D. Mikkelsen
- Neurobiology Research Unit, University Hospital, Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Zakhar O. Shenkarev
- Biological Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation
- Department of Structural Biology, Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (State University), Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, Russian Federation
| | - Victor I. Tsetlin
- Department of Molecular Basics of Neurosignalling, Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Dmitry A. Dolgikh
- Biological Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation
- Department of Bioengineering, Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Mikhail P. Kirpichnikov
- Biological Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation
- Department of Bioengineering, Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
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12
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Lyukmanova EN, Shenkarev ZO, Shulepko MA, Paramonov AS, Chugunov AO, Janickova H, Dolejsi E, Dolezal V, Utkin YN, Tsetlin VI, Arseniev AS, Efremov RG, Dolgikh DA, Kirpichnikov MP. Structural Insight into Specificity of Interactions between Nonconventional Three-finger Weak Toxin from Naja kaouthia (WTX) and Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptors. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:23616-30. [PMID: 26242733 PMCID: PMC4583006 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.656595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Revised: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Weak toxin from Naja kaouthia (WTX) belongs to the group of nonconventional "three-finger" snake neurotoxins. It irreversibly inhibits nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and allosterically interacts with muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs). Using site-directed mutagenesis, NMR spectroscopy, and computer modeling, we investigated the recombinant mutant WTX analogue (rWTX) which, compared with the native toxin, has an additional N-terminal methionine residue. In comparison with the wild-type toxin, rWTX demonstrated an altered pharmacological profile, decreased binding of orthosteric antagonist N-methylscopolamine to human M1- and M2-mAChRs, and increased antagonist binding to M3-mAChR. Positively charged arginine residues located in the flexible loop II were found to be crucial for rWTX interactions with all types of mAChR. Computer modeling suggested that the rWTX loop II protrudes to the M1-mAChR allosteric ligand-binding site blocking the entrance to the orthosteric site. In contrast, toxin interacts with M3-mAChR by loop II without penetration into the allosteric site. Data obtained provide new structural insight into the target-specific allosteric regulation of mAChRs by "three-finger" snake neurotoxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina N Lyukmanova
- From the Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 16/10 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, 117997 Moscow, Russia, the Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia,
| | - Zakhar O Shenkarev
- From the Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 16/10 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, 117997 Moscow, Russia, the Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia, the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Institutskiy Pereulok 9, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region 141700, Russian
| | - Mikhail A Shulepko
- From the Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 16/10 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, 117997 Moscow, Russia, the Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander S Paramonov
- From the Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 16/10 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, 117997 Moscow, Russia, the Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anton O Chugunov
- From the Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 16/10 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, 117997 Moscow, Russia, the Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Helena Janickova
- the Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic (Public Research Institution), 14220 Prague, Czech Republic, and
| | - Eva Dolejsi
- the Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic (Public Research Institution), 14220 Prague, Czech Republic, and
| | - Vladimir Dolezal
- the Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic (Public Research Institution), 14220 Prague, Czech Republic, and
| | - Yuri N Utkin
- From the Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 16/10 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Victor I Tsetlin
- From the Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 16/10 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander S Arseniev
- From the Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 16/10 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, 117997 Moscow, Russia, the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Institutskiy Pereulok 9, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region 141700, Russian
| | - Roman G Efremov
- From the Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 16/10 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, 117997 Moscow, Russia, the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Institutskiy Pereulok 9, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region 141700, Russian
| | - Dmitry A Dolgikh
- From the Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 16/10 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, 117997 Moscow, Russia, the Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail P Kirpichnikov
- From the Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 16/10 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, 117997 Moscow, Russia, the Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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Kudryavtsev DS, Shelukhina IV, Son LV, Ojomoko LO, Kryukova EV, Lyukmanova EN, Zhmak MN, Dolgikh DA, Ivanov IA, Kasheverov IE, Starkov VG, Ramerstorfer J, Sieghart W, Tsetlin VI, Utkin YN. Neurotoxins from snake venoms and α-conotoxin ImI inhibit functionally active ionotropic γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors. J Biol Chem 2015. [PMID: 26221036 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.648824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ionotropic receptors of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABAAR) regulate neuronal inhibition and are targeted by benzodiazepines and general anesthetics. We show that a fluorescent derivative of α-cobratoxin (α-Ctx), belonging to the family of three-finger toxins from snake venoms, specifically stained the α1β3γ2 receptor; and at 10 μm α-Ctx completely blocked GABA-induced currents in this receptor expressed in Xenopus oocytes (IC50 = 236 nm) and less potently inhibited α1β2γ2 ≈ α2β2γ2 > α5β2γ2 > α2β3γ2 and α1β3δ GABAARs. The α1β3γ2 receptor was also inhibited by some other three-finger toxins, long α-neurotoxin Ls III and nonconventional toxin WTX. α-Conotoxin ImI displayed inhibitory activity as well. Electrophysiology experiments showed mixed competitive and noncompetitive α-Ctx action. Fluorescent α-Ctx, however, could be displaced by muscimol indicating that most of the α-Ctx-binding sites overlap with the orthosteric sites at the β/α subunit interface. Modeling and molecular dynamic studies indicated that α-Ctx or α-bungarotoxin seem to interact with GABAAR in a way similar to their interaction with the acetylcholine-binding protein or the ligand-binding domain of nicotinic receptors. This was supported by mutagenesis studies and experiments with α-conotoxin ImI and a chimeric Naja oxiana α-neurotoxin indicating that the major role in α-Ctx binding to GABAAR is played by the tip of its central loop II accommodating under loop C of the receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis S Kudryavtsev
- From the Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 16/10 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Irina V Shelukhina
- From the Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 16/10 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Lina V Son
- the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Institutsky Per. 9, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region 141700, Russia
| | - Lucy O Ojomoko
- From the Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 16/10 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Elena V Kryukova
- From the Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 16/10 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Ekaterina N Lyukmanova
- From the Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 16/10 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, Moscow 117997, Russia, the Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia, and
| | - Maxim N Zhmak
- From the Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 16/10 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, Moscow 117997, Russia, the Syneuro OOO, ul. Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Dmitry A Dolgikh
- From the Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 16/10 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, Moscow 117997, Russia, the Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia, and
| | - Igor A Ivanov
- From the Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 16/10 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Igor E Kasheverov
- From the Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 16/10 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Vladislav G Starkov
- From the Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 16/10 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Joachim Ramerstorfer
- the Department of Molecular Neurosciences, Center for Brain Research, Medical University Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Werner Sieghart
- the Department of Molecular Neurosciences, Center for Brain Research, Medical University Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Victor I Tsetlin
- From the Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 16/10 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Yuri N Utkin
- From the Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 16/10 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, Moscow 117997, Russia,
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14
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Wilburn DB, Bowen KE, Doty KA, Arumugam S, Lane AN, Feldhoff PW, Feldhoff RC. Structural insights into the evolution of a sexy protein: novel topology and restricted backbone flexibility in a hypervariable pheromone from the red-legged salamander, Plethodon shermani. PLoS One 2014; 9:e96975. [PMID: 24849290 PMCID: PMC4029566 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In response to pervasive sexual selection, protein sex pheromones often display rapid mutation and accelerated evolution of corresponding gene sequences. For proteins, the general dogma is that structure is maintained even as sequence or function may rapidly change. This phenomenon is well exemplified by the three-finger protein (TFP) superfamily: a diverse class of vertebrate proteins co-opted for many biological functions - such as components of snake venoms, regulators of the complement system, and coordinators of amphibian limb regeneration. All of the >200 structurally characterized TFPs adopt the namesake "three-finger" topology. In male red-legged salamanders, the TFP pheromone Plethodontid Modulating Factor (PMF) is a hypervariable protein such that, through extensive gene duplication and pervasive sexual selection, individual male salamanders express more than 30 unique isoforms. However, it remained unclear how this accelerated evolution affected the protein structure of PMF. Using LC/MS-MS and multidimensional NMR, we report the 3D structure of the most abundant PMF isoform, PMF-G. The high resolution structural ensemble revealed a highly modified TFP structure, including a unique disulfide bonding pattern and loss of secondary structure, that define a novel protein topology with greater backbone flexibility in the third peptide finger. Sequence comparison, models of molecular evolution, and homology modeling together support that this flexible third finger is the most rapidly evolving segment of PMF. Combined with PMF sequence hypervariability, this structural flexibility may enhance the plasticity of PMF as a chemical signal by permitting potentially thousands of structural conformers. We propose that the flexible third finger plays a critical role in PMF:receptor interactions. As female receptors co-evolve, this flexibility may allow PMF to still bind its receptor(s) without the immediate need for complementary mutations. Consequently, this unique adaptation may establish new paradigms for how receptor:ligand pairs co-evolve, in particular with respect to sexual conflict.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien B. Wilburn
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Kathleen E. Bowen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Kari A. Doty
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Sengodagounder Arumugam
- J.G. Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Andrew N. Lane
- J.G. Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Pamela W. Feldhoff
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Richard C. Feldhoff
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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15
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Shulepko MA, Lyukmanova EN, Paramonov AS, Lobas AA, Shenkarev ZO, Kasheverov IE, Dolgikh DA, Tsetlin VI, Arseniev AS, Kirpichnikov MP. Human neuromodulator SLURP-1: bacterial expression, binding to muscle-type nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, secondary structure, and conformational heterogeneity in solution. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2013; 78:204-11. [PMID: 23581991 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297913020090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Human protein SLURP-1 is an endogenous neuromodulator belonging to the Ly-6/uPAR family and acting on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. In the present work, the gene of SLURP-1 was expressed in E. coli. The bacterial systems engineered for SLURP-1 expression as fused with thioredoxin and secretion with leader peptide STII failed in the production of milligram quantities of the protein. The SLURP-1 was produced with high-yield in the form of inclusion bodies, and different methods of the protein refolding were tested. Milligram quantities of recombinant SLURP-1 and its (15)N-labeled analog were obtained. The recombinant SLURP-1 competed with (125)I-α-bungarotoxin for binding to muscle-type Torpedo californica nAChR at micromolar concentrations, indicating a partial overlap in the binding sites for SLURP-1 and α-neurotoxins on the receptor surface. NMR study revealed conformational heterogeneity of SLURP-1 in aqueous solution, which was associated with cis-trans isomerization of the Tyr39-Pro40 peptide bond. The two structural forms of the protein have almost equal population in aqueous solution, and exchange process between them takes place with characteristic time of about 4 ms. Almost complete (1)H and (15)N resonance assignment was obtained for both structural forms of SLURP-1. The secondary structure of SLURP-1 involves two antiparallel β-sheets formed from five β-strands and closely resembles those of three-finger snake neurotoxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Shulepko
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia.
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Barber CM, Isbister GK, Hodgson WC. Alpha neurotoxins. Toxicon 2013; 66:47-58. [PMID: 23416229 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2013.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2012] [Accepted: 01/29/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
α-Neurotoxins have been isolated from hydrophid, elapid and, more recently, colubrid snake venoms. Also referred to as postsynaptic neurotoxins or 'curare mimetic' neurotoxins, they play an important role in the capture and/or killing of prey by binding to the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor on the skeletal muscle disrupting neurotransmission. They are also thought to cause respiratory paralysis in envenomed humans. This review will discuss the historical background into the discovery, isolation, structure and mechanism of action of the α-neurotoxins, including targets and cellular outcomes, and then will examine the potential uses of α-neurotoxins as pharmacological tools and/or as drug leads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmel M Barber
- Monash Venom Group, Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
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Shulepko MA, Liukmanova EN, Kasheverov IE, Dolgikh DA, Tsetlin VI, Kirpichnikov MP. [Bacterial expression of water-soluble domain of Lynx1, endogenic neuromodulator of human nicotinic acetylcholine receptors]. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2012; 37:609-15. [PMID: 22332355 DOI: 10.1134/s1068162011050165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Lynx1 expresses in the central nervous system and plays important role in a regulation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Successful milligram-quantitive expression of ws-Lynx1 was achieved only in the case of its production in the form of cytoplasm inclusion bodies. Different conditions of ws-Lynx1 refolding for yield optimization were performed. The obtained recombinant protein was characterized by means of mass spectrometry and CD spectroscopy. The binding experiments on the nAChRs from Torpedo californica membranes revealed that ws-Lynxl is biologically active and blocks muscle nAChR with IC50-20-30 microM.
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Lyukmanova EN, Shenkarev ZO, Shulepko MA, Mineev KS, D'Hoedt D, Kasheverov IE, Filkin SY, Krivolapova AP, Janickova H, Dolezal V, Dolgikh DA, Arseniev AS, Bertrand D, Tsetlin VI, Kirpichnikov MP. NMR structure and action on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors of water-soluble domain of human LYNX1. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:10618-27. [PMID: 21252236 PMCID: PMC3060513 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.189100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2010] [Revised: 12/20/2010] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Discovery of proteins expressed in the central nervous system sharing the three-finger structure with snake α-neurotoxins provoked much interest to their role in brain functions. Prototoxin LYNX1, having homology both to Ly6 proteins and three-finger neurotoxins, is the first identified member of this family membrane-tethered by a GPI anchor, which considerably complicates in vitro studies. We report for the first time the NMR spatial structure for the water-soluble domain of human LYNX1 lacking a GPI anchor (ws-LYNX1) and its concentration-dependent activity on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). At 5-30 μM, ws-LYNX1 competed with (125)I-α-bungarotoxin for binding to the acetylcholine-binding proteins (AChBPs) and to Torpedo nAChR. Exposure of Xenopus oocytes expressing α7 nAChRs to 1 μM ws-LYNX1 enhanced the response to acetylcholine, but no effect was detected on α4β2 and α3β2 nAChRs. Increasing ws-LYNX1 concentration to 10 μM caused a modest inhibition of these three nAChR subtypes. A common feature for ws-LYNX1 and LYNX1 is a decrease of nAChR sensitivity to high concentrations of acetylcholine. NMR and functional analysis both demonstrate that ws-LYNX1 is an appropriate model to shed light on the mechanism of LYNX1 action. Computer modeling, based on ws-LYNX1 NMR structure and AChBP x-ray structure, revealed a possible mode of ws-LYNX1 binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina N. Lyukmanova
- From the Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 16/10 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Zakhar O. Shenkarev
- From the Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 16/10 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail A. Shulepko
- From the Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 16/10 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Konstantin S. Mineev
- From the Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 16/10 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dieter D'Hoedt
- the Department of Neuroscience, Centre Medical Universitaire, 1 Rue Michel Servet, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Igor E. Kasheverov
- From the Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 16/10 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey Yu. Filkin
- From the Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 16/10 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexandra P. Krivolapova
- From the Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 16/10 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Helena Janickova
- the Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic, and
| | - Vladimir Dolezal
- the Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic, and
| | - Dmitry A. Dolgikh
- From the Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 16/10 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, 117997 Moscow, Russia
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander S. Arseniev
- From the Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 16/10 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Daniel Bertrand
- the Department of Neuroscience, Centre Medical Universitaire, 1 Rue Michel Servet, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Victor I. Tsetlin
- From the Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 16/10 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail P. Kirpichnikov
- From the Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 16/10 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, 117997 Moscow, Russia
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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Blacklow B, Kornhauser R, Hains PG, Loiacono R, Escoubas P, Graudins A, Nicholson GM. α-Elapitoxin-Aa2a, a long-chain snake α-neurotoxin with potent actions on muscle (α1)2βγδ nicotinic receptors, lacks the classical high affinity for neuronal α7 nicotinic receptors. Biochem Pharmacol 2011; 81:314-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2010.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2010] [Revised: 10/02/2010] [Accepted: 10/05/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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20
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Kini RM, Doley R. Structure, function and evolution of three-finger toxins: mini proteins with multiple targets. Toxicon 2010; 56:855-67. [PMID: 20670641 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2010.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 252] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2010] [Accepted: 07/19/2010] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Snake venoms are complex mixtures of pharmacologically active peptides and proteins. These protein toxins belong to a small number of superfamilies of proteins. Three-finger toxins belong to a superfamily of non-enzymatic proteins found in all families of snakes. They have a common structure of three beta-stranded loops extending from a central core containing all four conserved disulphide bonds. Despite the common scaffold, they bind to different receptors/acceptors and exhibit a wide variety of biological effects. Thus, the structure-function relationships of this group of toxins are complicated and challenging. Studies have shown that the functional sites in these 'sibling' toxins are located on various segments of the molecular surface. Targeting to a wide variety of receptors and ion channels and hence distinct functions in this group of mini proteins is achieved through a combination of accelerated rate of exchange of segments as well as point mutations in exons. In this review, we describe the structural and functional diversity, structure-function relationships and evolution of this group of snake venom toxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Manjunatha Kini
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore.
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Lyukmanova EN, Shulepko MA, Tikhonov RV, Shenkarev ZO, Paramonov AS, Wulfson AN, Kasheverov IE, Ustich TL, Utkin YN, Arseniev AS, Tsetlin VI, Dolgikh DA, Kirpichnikov MP. Bacterial production and refolding from inclusion bodies of a "weak" toxin, a disulfide rich protein. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2010; 74:1142-9. [PMID: 19916927 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297909100101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The gene for the "weak" toxin of Naja kaouthia venom was expressed in Escherichia coli. "Weak" toxin is a specific inhibitor of nicotine acetylcholine receptor, but mechanisms of interaction of similar neurotoxins with receptors are still unknown. Systems previously elaborated for neurotoxin II from venom of the cobra Naja oxiana were tested for bacterial production of "weak" toxin from N. kaouthia venom. Constructs were designed for cytoplasmic production of N. kaouthia "weak" toxin in the form of a fused polypeptide chain with thioredoxin and for secretion with the leader peptide STII. However, it became possible to obtain "weak" toxin in milligram amounts only within cytoplasmic inclusion bodies. Different approaches for refolding of the toxin were tested, and conditions for optimization of the yield of the target protein during refolding were investigated. The resulting protein was characterized by mass spectrometry and CD and NMR spectroscopy. Experiments on competitive inhibition of (125)I-labeled alpha-bungarotoxin binding to the Torpedo californica electric organ membranes containing the muscle-type nicotine acetylcholine receptor (alpha1(2)beta1gammadelta) showed the presence of biological activity of the recombinant "weak" toxin close to the activity of the natural toxin (IC(50) = 4.3 +/- 0.3 and 3.0 +/- 0.5 microM, respectively). The interaction of the recombinant toxin with alpha7 type human neuronal acetylcholine receptor transfected in the GH(4)C(1) cell line also showed the presence of activity close to that of the natural toxin (IC(50) 31 +/- 5.0 and 14.8 +/- 1.3 microM, respectively). The developed bacterial system for production of N. kaouthia venom "weak" toxin was used to obtain (15)N-labeled analog of the neurotoxin.
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Affiliation(s)
- E N Lyukmanova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia
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22
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Lyukmanova EN, Shulepko MA, Shenkarev ZO, Dolgikh DA, Kirpichnikov MP. In vitro production of three-finger neurotoxins from snake venoms, a disulfide rich proteins. Problems and their solutions (Review). RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2010; 36:149-58. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162010020019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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23
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Specific membrane binding of neurotoxin II can facilitate its delivery to acetylcholine receptor. Biophys J 2009; 97:2089-97. [PMID: 19804741 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2009.07.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2009] [Revised: 06/26/2009] [Accepted: 07/24/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The action of three-finger snake alpha-neurotoxins at their targets, nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR), is widely studied because of its biological and pharmacological relevance. Most such studies deal only with ligands and receptor models; however, for many ligand/receptor systems the membrane environment may affect ligand binding. In this work we focused on binding of short-chain alpha-neurotoxin II (NTII) from Naja oxiana to the native-like lipid bilayer, and the possible role played by the membrane in delivering the toxin to nAChR. Experimental (NMR and mutagenesis) and molecular modeling (molecular-dynamics simulation) studies revealed a specific interaction of the toxin molecule with the phosphatidylserine headgroup of lipids, resulting in the proper topology of NTII on lipid bilayers favoring the attack of nAChR. Analysis of short-chain alpha-neurotoxins showed that most of them possess a high positive charge and sequence homology in the lipid-binding motif of NTII, implying that interaction with the membrane surrounding nAChR may be common for the toxin family.
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Tsetlin V, Utkin Y, Kasheverov I. Polypeptide and peptide toxins, magnifying lenses for binding sites in nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Biochem Pharmacol 2009; 78:720-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2009.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2009] [Revised: 05/20/2009] [Accepted: 05/21/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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25
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Nicotinic receptors: allosteric transitions and therapeutic targets in the nervous system. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2009; 8:733-50. [PMID: 19721446 DOI: 10.1038/nrd2927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 521] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Nicotinic receptors - a family of ligand-gated ion channels that mediate the effects of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine - are among the most well understood allosteric membrane proteins from a structural and functional perspective. There is also considerable interest in modulating nicotinic receptors to treat nervous-system disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia, depression, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and tobacco addiction. This article describes both recent advances in our understanding of the assembly, activity and conformational transitions of nicotinic receptors, as well as developments in the therapeutic application of nicotinic receptor ligands, with the aim of aiding novel drug discovery by bridging the gap between these two rapidly developing fields.
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26
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Hogg RC, Bertrand D. Neurotoxins acting at nicotinic receptors. FUTURE NEUROLOGY 2008. [DOI: 10.2217/14796708.3.4.463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Neurotoxins include, in the most general sense, all molecules that destroy or inhibit the proper functioning of the nervous system. Neurotoxins from animals and plants include alkaloids and peptides, many of which interact with physiological processes in a selective manner. The majority of neurotoxins disrupt the transmission of signals in the nervous system by interfering with synaptic transmission. Neurotoxins can act presynaptically to inhibit the release, uptake and recycling of neurotransmitters or postsynaptically, binding to receptors on the postsynaptic membrane and preventing their activation by neurotransmitters. A class of neurotoxins from plants and animals interact with nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, either at the neuromuscular junction, peripherally at neuronal ganglia or centrally, to produce neurotoxic effects. In this article we review current knowledge of some of these neurotoxins, their structure, pharmacology, importance as pharmaceutical tools as well as future prospects for the development of therapeutic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ron C Hogg
- University of Geneva, Department of Neurosciences Fondamentales, Faculty of Medicine, 1, rue Michel Servet, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Bertrand
- University of Geneva, Department of Neurosciences Fondamentales, Faculty of Medicine, Switzerland
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Osipov AV, Kasheverov IE, Makarova YV, Starkov VG, Vorontsova OV, Ziganshin RK, Andreeva TV, Serebryakova MV, Benoit A, Hogg RC, Bertrand D, Tsetlin VI, Utkin YN. Naturally occurring disulfide-bound dimers of three-fingered toxins: a paradigm for biological activity diversification. J Biol Chem 2008; 283:14571-80. [PMID: 18381281 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m802085200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Disulfide-bound dimers of three-fingered toxins have been discovered in the Naja kaouthia cobra venom; that is, the homodimer of alpha-cobratoxin (a long-chain alpha-neurotoxin) and heterodimers formed by alpha-cobratoxin with different cytotoxins. According to circular dichroism measurements, toxins in dimers retain in general their three-fingered folding. The functionally important disulfide 26-30 in polypeptide loop II of alpha-cobratoxin moiety remains intact in both types of dimers. Biological activity studies showed that cytotoxins within dimers completely lose their cytotoxicity. However, the dimers retain most of the alpha-cobratoxin capacity to compete with alpha-bungarotoxin for binding to Torpedo and alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) as well as to Lymnea stagnalis acetylcholine-binding protein. Electrophysiological experiments on neuronal nAChRs expressed in Xenopus oocytes have shown that alpha-cobratoxin dimer not only interacts with alpha7 nAChR but, in contrast to alpha-cobratoxin monomer, also blocks alpha3beta2 nAChR. In the latter activity it resembles kappa-bungarotoxin, a dimer with no disulfides between monomers. These results demonstrate that dimerization is essential for the interaction of three-fingered neurotoxins with heteromeric alpha3beta2 nAChRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey V Osipov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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