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McClean N, Hasday JD, Shapiro P. Progress in the development of kinase inhibitors for treating asthma and COPD. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2023; 98:145-178. [PMID: 37524486 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2023.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Current therapies to mitigate inflammatory responses involved in airway remodeling and associated pathological features of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are limited and largely ineffective. Inflammation and the release of cytokines and growth factors activate kinase signaling pathways that mediate changes in airway mesenchymal cells such as airway smooth muscle cells and lung fibroblasts. Proliferative and secretory changes in mesenchymal cells exacerbate the inflammatory response and promote airway remodeling, which is often characterized by increased airway smooth muscle mass, airway hyperreactivity, increased mucus secretion, and lung fibrosis. Thus, inhibition of relevant kinases has been viewed as a potential therapeutic approach to mitigate the debilitating and, thus far, irreversible airway remodeling that occurs in asthma and COPD. Despite FDA approval of several kinase inhibitors for the treatment of proliferative disorders, such as cancer and inflammation associated with rheumatoid arthritis and ulcerative colitis, none of these drugs have been approved to treat asthma or COPD. This review will provide a brief overview of the role kinases play in the pathology of asthma and COPD and an update on the status of kinase inhibitors currently in clinical trials for the treatment of obstructive pulmonary disease. In addition, potential issues associated with the current kinase inhibitors, which have limited their success as therapeutic agents in treating asthma or COPD, and alternative approaches to target kinase functions will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel McClean
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Jeffery D Hasday
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Paul Shapiro
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD, United States.
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2
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Lusardi M, Spallarossa A, Brullo C. Amino-Pyrazoles in Medicinal Chemistry: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24097834. [PMID: 37175540 PMCID: PMC10177828 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
A pyrazole nucleus is an easy-to-prepare scaffold with large therapeutic potential. Consequently, the search for new pyrazole-based compounds is of great interest to the academic community as well as industry. In the last ten years, a large number of papers and reviews on the design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of different classes of pyrazoles and many pyrazole-containing compounds have been published. However, an overview of pyrazole derivatives bearing a free amino group at the 3, 4, or 5 position (namely, 3-aminopyrazoles, 4-aminopyrazoles, and 5-aminopyrazoles, respectively) and their biological properties is still missing, despite the fact that aminopyrazoles are advantageous frameworks able to provide useful ligands for receptors or enzymes, such as p38MAPK, and different kinases, COX and others, as well as targets important for bacterial and virus infections. With the aim to fill this gap, the present review focuses on aminopyrazole-based compounds studied as active agents in different therapeutic areas, with particular attention on the design and structure-activity relationships defined by each class of compounds. In particular, the most relevant results have been obtained for anticancer/anti-inflammatory compounds, as the recent approval of Pirtobrutinib demonstrates. The data reported here are collected from different databases (Scifinder, Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Pubmed) using "aminopyrazole" as the keyword.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Lusardi
- Department of Pharmacy (DIFAR), Section of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 3, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Andrea Spallarossa
- Department of Pharmacy (DIFAR), Section of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 3, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Chiara Brullo
- Department of Pharmacy (DIFAR), Section of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 3, 16132 Genoa, Italy
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3
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García-Flores N, Jiménez-Suárez J, Garnés-García C, Fernández-Aroca DM, Sabater S, Andrés I, Fernández-Aramburo A, Ruiz-Hidalgo MJ, Belandia B, Sanchez-Prieto R, Cimas FJ. P38 MAPK and Radiotherapy: Foes or Friends? Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:861. [PMID: 36765819 PMCID: PMC9913882 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15030861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last 30 years, the study of the cellular response to ionizing radiation (IR) has increased exponentially. Among the various signaling pathways affected by IR, p38 MAPK has been shown to be activated both in vitro and in vivo, with involvement in key processes triggered by IR-mediated genotoxic insult, such as the cell cycle, apoptosis or senescence. However, we do not yet have a definitive clue about the role of p38 MAPK in terms of radioresistance/sensitivity and its potential use to improve current radiotherapy. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on this family of MAPKs in response to IR as well as in different aspects related to radiotherapy, such as their role in the control of REDOX, fibrosis, and in the radiosensitizing effect of several compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia García-Flores
- Laboratorio de Oncología Molecular, Unidad de Medicina Molecular, Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Unidad Asociada de Biomedicina UCLM, Unidad Asociada al CSIC, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 02008 Albacete, Spain
| | - Jaime Jiménez-Suárez
- Laboratorio de Oncología Molecular, Unidad de Medicina Molecular, Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Unidad Asociada de Biomedicina UCLM, Unidad Asociada al CSIC, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 02008 Albacete, Spain
| | - Cristina Garnés-García
- Laboratorio de Oncología Molecular, Unidad de Medicina Molecular, Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Unidad Asociada de Biomedicina UCLM, Unidad Asociada al CSIC, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 02008 Albacete, Spain
| | - Diego M. Fernández-Aroca
- Laboratorio de Oncología Molecular, Unidad de Medicina Molecular, Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Unidad Asociada de Biomedicina UCLM, Unidad Asociada al CSIC, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 02008 Albacete, Spain
| | - Sebastia Sabater
- Laboratorio de Oncología Molecular, Unidad de Medicina Molecular, Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Unidad Asociada de Biomedicina UCLM, Unidad Asociada al CSIC, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 02008 Albacete, Spain
- Servicio de Oncología Radioterápica, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Albacete, 02006 Albacete, Spain
| | - Ignacio Andrés
- Laboratorio de Oncología Molecular, Unidad de Medicina Molecular, Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Unidad Asociada de Biomedicina UCLM, Unidad Asociada al CSIC, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 02008 Albacete, Spain
- Servicio de Oncología Radioterápica, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Albacete, 02006 Albacete, Spain
| | - Antonio Fernández-Aramburo
- Laboratorio de Oncología Molecular, Unidad de Medicina Molecular, Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Unidad Asociada de Biomedicina UCLM, Unidad Asociada al CSIC, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 02008 Albacete, Spain
- Servicio de Oncología Médica, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Albacete, 02006 Albacete, Spain
| | - María José Ruiz-Hidalgo
- Laboratorio de Oncología Molecular, Unidad de Medicina Molecular, Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Unidad Asociada de Biomedicina UCLM, Unidad Asociada al CSIC, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 02008 Albacete, Spain
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica, Área de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 02008 Albacete, Spain
| | - Borja Belandia
- Departamento de Biología del Cáncer, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas ‘Alberto Sols’ (CSIC-UAM), Unidad Asociada de Biomedicina UCLM, Unidad Asociada al CSIC, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ricardo Sanchez-Prieto
- Laboratorio de Oncología Molecular, Unidad de Medicina Molecular, Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Unidad Asociada de Biomedicina UCLM, Unidad Asociada al CSIC, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 02008 Albacete, Spain
- Departamento de Biología del Cáncer, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas ‘Alberto Sols’ (CSIC-UAM), Unidad Asociada de Biomedicina UCLM, Unidad Asociada al CSIC, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Ciencias Médicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 02008 Albacete, Spain
| | - Francisco J. Cimas
- Laboratorio de Oncología Molecular, Unidad de Medicina Molecular, Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Unidad Asociada de Biomedicina UCLM, Unidad Asociada al CSIC, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 02008 Albacete, Spain
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica, Área de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 02008 Albacete, Spain
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4
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Min S, Chang D, Wang YC, Xu TT, Ge H, Zhang J, Wang B, Ju S. Novel small-molecule compound VCP979 attenuates renal fibrosis in male rats with unilateral ureteral obstruction. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2023; 248:327-338. [PMID: 36715096 PMCID: PMC10159523 DOI: 10.1177/15353702221147569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal fibrosis is a hallmark of chronic kidney disease, while efficient therapy against renal fibrosis is still lacking. In this study, we investigated the role of a novel small-molecule compound VCP979 on renal fibrosis and inflammation in a rat model of unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). One week after the UUO surgery, rats were administered VCP979 by gavage for one week, and after treatment, magnetic resonance imaging of T1rho mapping and histopathological analysis were performed to evaluate renal fibrosis in vivo and ex vivo. This study showed that treatment with VCP979 effectively reduced renal fibrosis, extracellular matrix accumulation, and alleviated epithelial-mesenchymal transition in UUO rats, as well as improved renal function. In vivo T1rho mapping displayed increased T1rho values in the UUO rats, which was decreased after VCP979 treatment, and a positive correlation was detected between the T1rho values and the percentage of fibrotic area. Moreover, the administration of VCP979 also ameliorated the inflammatory cytokines expression and the infiltration of macrophages in renal tissues. Mechanistically, VCP979 treatment inhibited the activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, nuclear factor-kappa B, and transforming growth factor-β1/Smads signaling pathways. These results indicated that VCP979 could be an effective therapeutic agent for alleviating renal fibrosis and inflammation in the rat model of UUO via its antifibrotic and anti-inflammatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shudan Min
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Di Chang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yuan-Cheng Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ting-Ting Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Hong Ge
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jilei Zhang
- Clinical Science, Philips Healthcare, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Binghui Wang
- Biomarker Discovery Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia.,Monash Centre of Cardiovascular Research and Education in Therapeutics, Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Shenghong Ju
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
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5
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Radnaa E, Richardson L, Goldman B, Burks J, Baljinnyam T, Vora N, Zhang HJ, Bonney E, Han A, Menon R. Stress signaler p38 mitogen-activated kinase activation: a cause for concern? Clin Sci (Lond) 2022; 136:1591-1614. [PMID: 36250628 PMCID: PMC9664350 DOI: 10.1042/cs20220491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS) induced activation of p38 mitogen-activated kinase (MAPK) and cell fate from p38 signaling was tested using the human fetal membrane's amnion epithelial cells (AEC). We created p38 KO AEC using the CRISPR/Cas9 approach and tested cell fate in response to OS on an AEC-free fetal membrane extracellular matrix (ECM). Screening using image CyTOF indicated OS causing epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Further testing revealed p38 deficiency prevented AEC senescence, EMT, cell migration, and inflammation. To functionally validate in vitro findings, fetal membrane-specific conditional KO (cKO) mice were developed by injecting Cre-recombinase encoded exosomes intra-amniotically into p38αloxP/loxP mice. Amnion membranes from p38 cKO mice had reduced senescence, EMT, and increased anti-inflammatory IL-10 compared with WT animals. Our study suggested that overwhelming activation of p38 in response to OS inducing risk exposures can have an adverse impact on cells, cause cell invasion, inflammation, and ECM degradation detrimental to tissue homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enkhtuya Radnaa
- Division of Basic and Translational Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, U.S.A
| | - Lauren Richardson
- Division of Basic and Translational Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, U.S.A
| | - Brett Goldman
- Division of Basic and Translational Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, U.S.A
| | - Jared K. Burks
- Flow Cytometry and Cellular Imaging Core Facility, Department of Leukemia, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Texas, U.S.A. 77030
| | - Tuvshintugs Baljinnyam
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, U.S.A. 77555
| | - Natasha Vora
- Division of Basic and Translational Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, U.S.A
| | - Hui-juan Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. 200030
| | - Elizabeth A. Bonney
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, U.S.A. 05405ghout all figures, the following notations were
| | - Arum Han
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, U.S.A. 77843
| | - Ramkumar Menon
- Division of Basic and Translational Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, U.S.A
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6
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Kim M, Choe YH, Lee SI. Lessons From the Success and Failure of Targeted Drugs for Rheumatoid Arthritis: Perspectives for Effective Basic and Translational Research. Immune Netw 2022; 22:e8. [PMID: 35291656 PMCID: PMC8901706 DOI: 10.4110/in.2022.22.e8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mingyo Kim
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Health Science, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine and Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju 52727, Korea
| | - Yong-ho Choe
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Health Science, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine and Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju 52727, Korea
| | - Sang-il Lee
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Health Science, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine and Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju 52727, Korea
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7
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Sin TK, Zhang G, Zhang Z, Zhu JZ, Zuo Y, Frost JA, Li M, Li YP. Cancer-Induced Muscle Wasting Requires p38β MAPK Activation of p300. Cancer Res 2020; 81:885-897. [PMID: 33355181 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-3219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cancer-associated cachexia, characterized by muscle wasting, is a lethal metabolic syndrome without defined etiology or established treatment. We previously found that p300 mediates cancer-induced muscle wasting by activating C/EBPβ, which then upregulates key catabolic genes. However, the signaling mechanism that activates p300 in response to cancer is unknown. Here, we show that upon cancer-induced activation of Toll-like receptor 4 in skeletal muscle, p38β MAPK phosphorylates Ser-12 on p300 to stimulate C/EBPβ acetylation, which is necessary and sufficient to cause muscle wasting. Thus, p38β MAPK is a central mediator and therapeutic target of cancer-induced muscle wasting. In addition, nilotinib, an FDA-approved kinase inhibitor that preferentially binds p38β MAPK, inhibited p300 activation 20-fold more potently than the p38α/β MAPK inhibitor, SB202190, and abrogated cancer cell-induced muscle protein loss in C2C12 myotubes without suppressing p38α MAPK-dependent myogenesis. Systemic administration of nilotinib at a low dose (0.5 mg/kg/day, i.p.) in tumor-bearing mice not only alleviated muscle wasting, but also prolonged survival. Therefore, nilotinib appears to be a promising treatment for human cancer cachexia due to its selective inhibition of p38β MAPK. SIGNIFICANCE: These findings demonstrate that prevention of p38β MAPK-mediated activation of p300 by the FDA-approved kinase inhibitor, nilotinib, ameliorates cancer cachexia, representing a potential therapeutic strategy against this syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas K Sin
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Guohua Zhang
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Zicheng Zhang
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - James Z Zhu
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Yan Zuo
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Jeffrey A Frost
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Min Li
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas.,The Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas.,Department of Medicine, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.,Department of Surgery, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Yi-Ping Li
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas.
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8
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Avoiding or Co-Opting ATP Inhibition: Overview of Type III, IV, V, and VI Kinase Inhibitors. NEXT GENERATION KINASE INHIBITORS 2020. [PMCID: PMC7359047 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-48283-1_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
As described in the previous chapter, most kinase inhibitors that have been developed for use in the clinic act by blocking ATP binding; however, there is growing interest in identifying compounds that target kinase activities and functions without interfering with the conserved features of the ATP-binding site. This chapter will highlight alternative approaches that exploit unique kinase structural features that are being targeted to identify more selective and potent inhibitors. The figure below, adapted from (Sammons et al., Molecular Carcinogenesis 58:1551–1570, 2019), provides a graphical description of the various approaches to manipulate kinase activity. In addition to the type I and II inhibitors, type III kinase inhibitors have been identified to target sites adjacent to the ATP-binding site in the catalytic domain. New information on kinase structure and substrate-binding sites has enabled the identification of type IV kinase inhibitor compounds that target regions outside the catalytic domain. The combination of targeting unique allosteric sites outside the catalytic domain with ATP-targeted compounds has yielded a number of novel bivalent type V kinase inhibitors. Finally, emerging interest in the development of irreversible compounds that form selective covalent interactions with key amino acids involved in kinase functions comprise the class of type VI kinase inhibitors.
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Röhm S, Berger BT, Schröder M, Chaikuad A, Winkel R, Hekking KFW, Benningshof JJC, Müller G, Tesch R, Kudolo M, Forster M, Laufer S, Knapp S. Fast Iterative Synthetic Approach toward Identification of Novel Highly Selective p38 MAP Kinase Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2019; 62:10757-10782. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Röhm
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Structural Genomics Consortium (SGC), Buchmann Institute for Life Sciences, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 15, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Benedict-Tilman Berger
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Structural Genomics Consortium (SGC), Buchmann Institute for Life Sciences, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 15, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Martin Schröder
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Structural Genomics Consortium (SGC), Buchmann Institute for Life Sciences, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 15, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Apirat Chaikuad
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Structural Genomics Consortium (SGC), Buchmann Institute for Life Sciences, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 15, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Rob Winkel
- Mercachem BV, Kerkenbos 1013, 6546 BB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Gerhard Müller
- Gotham Therapeutics, 430 East 29th Street, Alexandria Center, New York, New York 10016, United States
| | - Roberta Tesch
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Structural Genomics Consortium (SGC), Buchmann Institute for Life Sciences, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 15, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Mark Kudolo
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Michael Forster
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Laufer
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Knapp
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Structural Genomics Consortium (SGC), Buchmann Institute for Life Sciences, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 15, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Hassan L, Pecht T, Goldstein N, Haim Y, Kloog I, Yarza S, Sarov B, Novack V. The effects of ambient particulate matter on human adipose tissue. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2019; 82:564-576. [PMID: 31242808 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2019.1634381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The effects of particulate matter (PM) air pollution on adipose tissue have mainly been studied in animal models. The aim of this study was to examine the potential associations between PM exposure and 25 cellular markers in human omental (OM) and subcutaneous (SC) adipose tissue. The PM exposure assessments for both PM2.5 (PM <2.5 μm in diameter) and PM10 (<10 μm) were based upon a novel hybrid satellite-based spatio-temporally resolved model. We calculated the PM exposure above the background threshold for 1 week (acute phase), 3 and 6 months (intermediate phase), and 1 year (chronic phase) prior to tissue harvesting and tested the associations with adipose cell metabolic effects using multiple linear regressions and heat maps strategy. Chemokine levels were found to increase after acute and intermediate exposure duration to PM10. The levels of stress signaling biomarkers in the SC and OM tissues rose after acute exposure to PM10 and PM2.5. Macrophage and leucocyte counts were associated with severity of PM exposure in all three duration groups. Adipocyte diameter decreased in all exposure periods. Our results provide evidence for significant contribution of air pollutants exposure to adipose tissue inflammation as well as for pathophysiological mechanisms of metabolic dysregulation that may be involved in the observed responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lior Hassan
- a Environmental Health Research Institute, Soroka University Medical Center and Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev , Beer-Sheva , Israel
| | - Tal Pecht
- b Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev , Beer-Sheva , Israel
| | - Nir Goldstein
- b Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev , Beer-Sheva , Israel
| | - Yulia Haim
- b Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev , Beer-Sheva , Israel
| | - Itai Kloog
- c Department of Geography and Environmental Development, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev , Beer-Sheva , Israel
| | - Shaked Yarza
- a Environmental Health Research Institute, Soroka University Medical Center and Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev , Beer-Sheva , Israel
| | - Batia Sarov
- d Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Victor Novack
- a Environmental Health Research Institute, Soroka University Medical Center and Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev , Beer-Sheva , Israel
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11
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Deredge D, Wintrode PL, Tulapurkar ME, Nagarsekar A, Zhang Y, Weber DJ, Shapiro P, Hasday JD. A temperature-dependent conformational shift in p38α MAPK substrate-binding region associated with changes in substrate phosphorylation profile. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:12624-12637. [PMID: 31213525 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.007525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Febrile-range hyperthermia worsens and hypothermia mitigates lung injury, and temperature dependence of lung injury is blunted by inhibitors of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). Of the two predominant p38 isoforms, p38α is proinflammatory and p38β is cytoprotective. Here, we analyzed the temperature dependence of p38 MAPK activation, substrate interaction, and tertiary structure. Incubating HeLa cells at 39.5 °C stimulated modest p38 activation, but did not alter tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα)-induced p38 activation. In in vitro kinase assays containing activated p38α and MAPK-activated kinase-2 (MK2), MK2 phosphorylation was 14.5-fold greater at 39.5 °C than at 33 °C. By comparison, we observed only 3.1- and 1.9-fold differences for activating transcription factor-2 (ATF2) and signal transducer and activator of transcription-1α (STAT1α) and a 7.7-fold difference for p38β phosphorylation of MK2. The temperature dependence of p38α:substrate binding affinity, as measured by surface plasmon resonance, paralleled substrate phosphorylation. Hydrogen-deuterium exchange MS (HDX-MS) of p38α performed at 33, 37, and 39.5 °C indicated temperature-dependent conformational changes in an α helix near the common docking and glutamate:aspartate substrate-binding domains at the known binding site for MK2. In contrast, HDX-MS analysis of p38β did not detect significant temperature-dependent conformational changes in this region. We observed no conformational changes in the catalytic domain of either isoform and no corresponding temperature dependence in the C-terminal p38α-interacting region of MK2. Because MK2 participates in the pathogenesis of lung injury, the observed changes in the structure and function of proinflammatory p38α may contribute to the temperature dependence of acute lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Deredge
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
| | - Patrick L Wintrode
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
| | - Mohan E Tulapurkar
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
| | - Ashish Nagarsekar
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
| | - Yinghua Zhang
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
| | - David J Weber
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
| | - Paul Shapiro
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
| | - Jeffrey D Hasday
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201 .,Medicine and Research Services, Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
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12
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Somakala K, Tariq S, Amir M. Synthesis, evaluation and docking of novel pyrazolo pyrimidines as potent p38α MAP kinase inhibitors with improved anti-inflammatory, ulcerogenic and TNF-α inhibitory properties. Bioorg Chem 2019; 87:550-559. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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13
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Huang L, Qiao L, Zhu H, Jiang L, Yin L. Genomics of neonatal sepsis: has-miR-150 targeting BCL11B functions in disease progression. Ital J Pediatr 2018; 44:145. [PMID: 30497506 PMCID: PMC6267077 DOI: 10.1186/s13052-018-0575-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neonatal sepsis is an inflammatory systemic syndrome, which is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in premature infants. We analyzed the expression profile data of E-MTAB-4785 to reveal the pathogenesis of the disease. Methods The expression profile dataset E-MTAB-4785, which contained 17 sepsis samples and 19 normal samples, was obtained from the ArrayExpress database. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were analyzed by the Bayesian testing method in limma package. Based on the DAVID online tool, enrichment analysis was conducted for the DEGs. Using STRING database and Cytoscape software, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and module analyses were performed. Besides, transcription factor (TF)-DEG regulatory network was also constructed by Cytoscape software. Additionally, miRNA-DEG pairs were searched using miR2Disease and miRWalk 2.0 databases, followed by miRNA-DEG regulatory network was visualized by Cytoscape software. Results A total of 275 DEGs were identified from the sepsis samples in comparison to normal samples. TSPO, MAPK14, and ZAP70 were the hub nodes in the PPI network. Pathway enrichment analysis indicated that CEBPB and MAPK14 were enriched in TNF signaling pathway. Moreover, CEBPB and has-miR-150 might function in neonatal sepsis separately through targeting MAPK14 and BCL11B in the regulatory networks. These genes and miRNA might be novel targets for the clinical treatment of neonatal sepsis. Conclusion TSPO, ZAP70, CEBPB targeting MAPK14, has-miR-150 targeting BCL11B might affect the pathogenesis of neonatal sepsis. However, their roles in neonatal sepsis still needed to be confirmed by further experimental researches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Huang
- Pediatric Department, Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, 210009, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lixing Qiao
- Pediatric Department, Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, 210009, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Huan Zhu
- Pediatric Department, Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, 210009, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Jiang
- Pediatric Department, Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, 210009, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Liping Yin
- Pediatric Department, Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, 210009, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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14
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Goldshmit Y, Jona G, Schmukler E, Solomon S, Pinkas-Kramarski R, Ruban A. Blood Glutamate Scavenger as a Novel Neuroprotective Treatment in Spinal Cord Injury. J Neurotrauma 2018; 35:2581-2590. [DOI: 10.1089/neu.2017.5524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yona Goldshmit
- Steyer School of Health Professions, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash Biotechnology, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ghil Jona
- Department of Life Sciences Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Eran Schmukler
- Department of Neurobiology, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Shira Solomon
- Department of Neurobiology, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | - Angela Ruban
- Steyer School of Health Professions, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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15
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Liu Z, Sin KWT, Ding H, Doan HA, Gao S, Miao H, Wei Y, Wang Y, Zhang G, Li YP. p38β MAPK mediates ULK1-dependent induction of autophagy in skeletal muscle of tumor-bearing mice. Cell Stress 2018; 2:311-324. [PMID: 31225455 PMCID: PMC6551802 DOI: 10.15698/cst2018.11.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle wasting is the key manifestation of cancer-associated cachexia, a lethal metabolic disorder seen in over 50% of cancer patients. Autophagy is activated in cachectic muscle of cancer hosts along with the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway (UPP), contributing to accelerated protein degradation and muscle wasting. However, established signaling mechanism that activates autophagy in response to fasting or denervation does not seem to mediate cancer-provoked autophagy in skeletal myocytes. Here, we show that p38β MAPK mediates autophagy activation in cachectic muscle of tumor-bearing mice via novel mechanisms. Complementary genetic and pharmacological manipulations reveal that activation of p38β MAPK, but not p38α MAPK, is necessary and sufficient for Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC)-induced autophagy activation in skeletal muscle cells. Particularly, muscle-specific knockout of p38β MAPK abrogates LLC tumor-induced activation of autophagy and UPP, sparing tumor-bearing mice from muscle wasting. Mechanistically, p38β MAPK-mediated activation of transcription factor C/EBPβ is required for LLC-induced autophagy activation, and upregulation of autophagy-related genes LC3b and Gabarapl1. Surprisingly, ULK1 activation (phosphorylation at S555) by cancer requires p38β MAPK, rather than AMPK. Activated ULK1 forms a complex with p38β MAPK in myocytes, which is markedly increased by a tumor burden. Overexpression of a constitutively active p38Tbeta; MAPK in HEK293 cells increases phosphorylation at S555 and other amino acid residues of ULK1, but not several of AMPK-mediated sites. Finally, ULK1 activation is abrogated in tumor-bearing mice with muscle-specific knockout of p38β MAPK. Thus, p38β MAPK appears a key mediator of cancer-provoked autophagy activation, and a therapeutic target of cancer-induced muscle wasting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhelong Liu
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.,Division of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ka Wai Thomas Sin
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Hui Ding
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Yixing Hospital affiliated to Jiangsu University, Yixing, China
| | - HoangAnh Amy Doan
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Song Gao
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Hongyu Miao
- School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Yahui Wei
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Yiman Wang
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Guohua Zhang
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Yi-Ping Li
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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16
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Rutigliano G, Stazi M, Arancio O, Watterson DM, Origlia N. An isoform-selective p38α mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitor rescues early entorhinal cortex dysfunctions in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging 2018; 70:86-91. [PMID: 30007168 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2018.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is a fundamental mechanism in Alzheimer's disease (AD) progression. The stress-induced activation of the p38α mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) leads to increased production of proinflammatory cytokines and neurodegeneration. We investigated the effects of an isoform selective p38α MAPK inhibitor, MW01-18-150SRM (MW150), administered at 2.5 mg/kg/d (i.p.; 14 days) on early entorhinal cortex (EC) alterations in an AD mouse model carrying human mutations of the amyloid precursor protein (mhAPP). We used electrophysiological analyses with long-term potentiation induction in EC-containing brain slices and EC-relevant associative memory tasks. We found that MW150 was capable of rescuing long-term potentiation in 2-month old mhAPP mice. Acute delivery of MW150 to brain slices was similarly effective in rescuing long-term potentiation, with a comparable efficacy to that of the widely used multikinase inhibitor SB203580. MW150-treated mhAPP mice demonstrated improved ability to discriminate novel associations between objects and their position/context. Our findings suggest that the selective inhibition of the stress-activated p38α MAPK with MW150 can attenuate the EC dysfunctions associated with neuroinflammation in an early stage of AD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grazia Rutigliano
- Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy; National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Neuroscience, Pisa, Italy
| | - Martina Stazi
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Neuroscience, Pisa, Italy
| | - Ottavio Arancio
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Nicola Origlia
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Neuroscience, Pisa, Italy.
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17
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Du G, Chen J, Wang Y, Cao T, Zhou L, Wang Y, Han X, Tang G. Differential expression of STAT-3 in subtypes of oral lichen planus: a preliminary study. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2017; 125:236-243.e1. [PMID: 29269258 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2017.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to examine the expression of signaling transduction proteins and their possible correlation with different clinical subtypes of oral lichen planus (OLP). STUDY DESIGN We examined the immunoexpression and phosphorylation status of 21 signaling transduction proteins of OLP (n = 10) and normal groups (n = 8) using PathScan analysis. Using immunohistochemistry, we detected expression of STAT-3 and p38 MAPK in tissues of OLP (n = 40) and normal controls (n = 10). RESULTS PathScan analysis showed that STAT-3 (Ser727) expression in normal control (N), reticular OLP (R-OLP) and erosive OLP (E-OLP) group was gradually elevated (R-OLP vs N, P = .001; E-OLP vs N, P < .001; E-OLP vs R-OLP, P = .002). Immunohistochemistry showed that STAT-3 expression in the epithelium of normal control, reticular OLP and erosive OLP was consistent with PathScan analysis (R-OLP vs N, P < .001; E-OLP vs N, P < .001; E-OLP vs R-OLP, P = .036). Both PathScan (P = .012) and immunohistochemistry (P < .001) showed that, p38 MAPK expression was significantly higher in OLP compared with normal controls. However, a significant difference was not seen between the reticular OLP and erosive OLP groups. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that STAT-3 may be involved in OLP development and progression and account for different clinical manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanhuan Du
- Department of Oral Medicine, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Junjun Chen
- Department of Oral Medicine, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanni Wang
- Department of Oral Medicine, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianyi Cao
- Department of Oral Medicine, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Leilei Zhou
- Department of Oral Medicine, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yufeng Wang
- Department of Oral Medicine, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaozhe Han
- The Forsyth Institute, Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Guoyao Tang
- Department of Oral Medicine, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai, China.
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18
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Raza A, Crothers JW, McGill MM, Mawe GM, Teuscher C, Krementsov DN. Anti-inflammatory roles of p38α MAPK in macrophages are context dependent and require IL-10. J Leukoc Biol 2017; 102:1219-1227. [PMID: 28877953 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.2ab0116-009rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The p38 MAPK pathway was originally identified as a master regulator of proinflammatory cytokine production by myeloid cells. Numerous drugs targeting this kinase showed promise in preclinical models of inflammatory disease, but so far, none have shown efficacy in clinical trials. The reasons behind this are unclear, but may, in part, be explained by emerging anti-inflammatory functions of this kinase or overly refined selectivity of second-generation pharmacologic inhibitors. Here, we show that p38α signaling in macrophages plays pro- and anti-inflammatory functions in vivo and in vitro, with the outcome depending on the stimulus, output, kinetics, or mode of kinase inhibition (genetic vs. pharmacologic). Different pharmacologic inhibitors of p38 exhibit opposing effects, with second-generation inhibitors acting more specifically but inhibiting anti-inflammatory functions. Functionally, we show that the anti-inflammatory functions of p38α in macrophages are critically dependent on production of IL-10. Accordingly, in the absence of IL-10, inhibition of p38α signaling in macrophages is protective in a spontaneous model of colitis. Taken together, our results shed light on the limited clinical efficacy of drugs targeting p38 and suggest that their therapeutic efficacy can be significantly enhanced by simultaneous modulation of p38-dependent anti-inflammatory mediators, such as IL-10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Raza
- Division of Immunobiology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Jessica W Crothers
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA; and
| | - Mahalia M McGill
- Department of Medical Laboratory and Radiation Sciences, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Gary M Mawe
- Department of Neurological Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Cory Teuscher
- Division of Immunobiology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA; and
| | - Dimitry N Krementsov
- Department of Medical Laboratory and Radiation Sciences, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
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19
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Liu Q, Zhang S, Chen G, Zhou H. E3 ubiquitin ligase Nedd4 inhibits AP-1 activity and TNF-α production through targeting p38α for polyubiquitination and subsequent degradation. Sci Rep 2017; 7:4521. [PMID: 28674435 PMCID: PMC5495757 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04072-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
p38α plays an important role in many inflammatory diseases, such as skin inflammation, endotoxic shock and arthritis. Ubiquitination is a vital posttranslational modification of proteins and plays a crucial regulatory role in inflammatory cells. It has been reported that ubiquitination of Tak1 and TAB1 upstream of p38α can regulate p38α activation respectively. However, p38α ubiquitination is not yet clear. In this paper, we showed that E3 ubiquitin ligase Nedd4 is a regulatory component of the p38α pathway and is responsible for polyubiquitination of p38α through K48-linked and K63-linked polyubiquitination. The levels of p38α and its downstream target TNF-α were increased in Nedd4 deficient macrophages response to LPS compared with wild-type cells. AP-1 activity and degradation of p38α were induced by Nedd4 in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, we found that phosphorylation of p38α is involved in the interactions between p38α and Nedd4 and subsequently promotes polyubiquitination of p38α, especially K48-linked polyubiquitination by Nedd4. The different conformation of two p38α isoforms (p38αV1 and p38αV2) might be the cause of their different interactions with Nedd4 and their polyubiquitination sites by Nedd4. Thus, NEDD4 is a previously unknown component of the p38α signaling complex necessary for TNF-α activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingjun Liu
- Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Blood Safety and Supply Technologies, Taiping Road 27, 100850, Beijing, P.R. China.
| | - Shihui Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Blood Safety and Supply Technologies, Taiping Road 27, 100850, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Gan Chen
- Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Blood Safety and Supply Technologies, Taiping Road 27, 100850, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Hong Zhou
- Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Blood Safety and Supply Technologies, Taiping Road 27, 100850, Beijing, P.R. China.
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20
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Baig MS, Liu D, Muthu K, Roy A, Saqib U, Naim A, Faisal SM, Srivastava M, Saluja R. Heterotrimeric complex of p38 MAPK, PKCδ, and TIRAP is required for AP1 mediated inflammatory response. Int Immunopharmacol 2017; 48:211-218. [PMID: 28528205 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2017.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation could be described as a physiological response of the body to tissue injury, pathogen invasion, and irritants. During the inflammatory phase, cells of both the innate as well as adaptive immune system are activated and recruited to the site of inflammation. These mediators are downstream targets for the transcription factors; activator protein-1 (AP1), nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer (NF-κB), signal transducers and activators of transcription factors (STAT1), as well as interferon regulatory factors (IRFs), which control the expression of most immunomodulatory genes. There is a significant increase in active p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAK) immediately after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation, which results in the activation of AP-1 transcription factor and expression of proinflammatory cytokines, IL-12 and IL-23. We studied the novel mechanism of p38 MAPK activation through the formation of a heterotrimeric complex of Protein kinase C delta type (PKCδ), Toll-Interleukin 1 Receptor (TIR) Domain Containing Adaptor Protein (TIRAP), and p38 proteins. TIRAP serves as an adaptor molecule which brings PKCδ and p38 in close proximity. The complex facilitates the activation of p38MAPK by PKCδ. Therefore, we propose that disruption of the heterotrimeric complex may be a good strategy to dampen the inflammatory response. Structure-based design of small molecules or peptides targetting PKCδ-TIRAP or TIRAP-p38 interfaces would be beneficial for therapy in AP1 mediated inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirza S Baig
- Centre for Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering (BSBE), Indian Institute of Technology Indore (IITI), Indore, India.
| | - Dongfang Liu
- Centre for Inflammation & Epigenetics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kannan Muthu
- Centre for Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering (BSBE), Indian Institute of Technology Indore (IITI), Indore, India
| | - Anjali Roy
- Centre for Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering (BSBE), Indian Institute of Technology Indore (IITI), Indore, India
| | - Uzma Saqib
- Discipline of Chemistry, School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Indore (IITI), Indore, India
| | - Adnan Naim
- Centre for Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering (BSBE), Indian Institute of Technology Indore (IITI), Indore, India
| | - Syed M Faisal
- National Institute of Animal Biotechnology (NIAB), Hyderabad, India
| | - Mansi Srivastava
- Centre for Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering (BSBE), Indian Institute of Technology Indore (IITI), Indore, India
| | - Rohit Saluja
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Bhopal, India
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21
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Ding H, Zhang G, Sin KWT, Liu Z, Lin RK, Li M, Li YP. Activin A induces skeletal muscle catabolism via p38β mitogen-activated protein kinase. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2017; 8:202-212. [PMID: 27897407 PMCID: PMC5377410 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Revised: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Activation of type IIB activin receptor (ActRIIB) in skeletal muscle leads to muscle atrophy because of increased muscle protein degradation. However, the intracellular signalling mechanism that mediates ActRIIB-activated muscle catabolism is poorly defined. METHODS We investigated the role of p38β mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) in mediating ActRIIB ligand activin A-activated muscle catabolic pathways in C2C12 myotubes and in mice with perturbation of this kinase pharmacologically and genetically. RESULTS Treatment of C2C12 myotubes with activin A or myostatin rapidly activated p38 MAPK and its effector C/EBPβ within 1 h. Paradoxically, Akt was activated at the same time through a p38 MAPK-independent mechanism. These events were followed by up-regulation of ubiquitin ligases atrogin1 (MAFbx) and UBR2 (E3α-II), as well as increase in LC3-II, a marker of autophagosome formation, leading to myofibrillar protein loss and myotube atrophy. The catabolic effects of activin A were abolished by p38α/β MAPK inhibitor SB202190. Using small interfering RNA-mediated gene knockdown, we found that the catabolic activity of activin A was dependent on p38β MAPK specifically. Importantly, systemic administration of activin A to mice similarly activated the catabolic pathways in vivo, and this effect was blocked by SB202190. Further, activin A failed to activate the catabolic pathways in mice with muscle-specific knockout of p38β MAPK. Interestingly, activin A up-regulated MuRF1 in a p38 MAPK-independent manner, and MuRF1 did not appear responsible for activin A-induced myosin heavy chain loss and muscle atrophy. CONCLUSIONS ActRIIB-mediated activation of muscle catabolism is dependent on p38β MAPK-activated signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Ding
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Yixing Hospital affiliated to Jiangsu University, Yixing, China
| | - Guohua Zhang
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Ka Wai Thomas Sin
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Zhelong Liu
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Division of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ren-Kuo Lin
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Min Li
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Yi-Ping Li
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
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22
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Shah NG, Tulapurkar ME, Ramarathnam A, Brophy A, Martinez R, Hom K, Hodges T, Samadani R, Singh IS, MacKerell AD, Shapiro P, Hasday JD. Novel Noncatalytic Substrate-Selective p38α-Specific MAPK Inhibitors with Endothelial-Stabilizing and Anti-Inflammatory Activity. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 198:3296-3306. [PMID: 28298524 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1602059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The p38 MAPK family is composed of four kinases of which p38α/MAPK14 is the major proinflammatory member. These kinases contribute to many inflammatory diseases, but the currently available p38 catalytic inhibitors (e.g., SB203580) are poorly effective and cause toxicity. We reasoned that the failure of catalytic p38 inhibitors may derive from their activity against noninflammatory p38 isoforms (e.g., p38β/MAPK11) and loss of all p38α-dependent responses, including anti-inflammatory, counterregulatory responses via mitogen- and stress-activated kinase (MSK) 1/2 and Smad3. We used computer-aided drug design to target small molecules to a pocket near the p38α glutamate-aspartate (ED) substrate-docking site rather than the catalytic site, the sequence of which had only modest homology among p38 isoforms. We identified a lead compound, UM101, that was at least as effective as SB203580 in stabilizing endothelial barrier function, reducing inflammation, and mitigating LPS-induced mouse lung injury. Differential scanning fluorimetry and saturation transfer difference-nuclear magnetic resonance demonstrated specific binding of UM101 to the computer-aided drug design-targeted pockets in p38α but not p38β. RNA sequencing analysis of TNF-α-stimulated gene expression revealed that UM101 inhibited only 28 of 61 SB203580-inhibited genes and 7 of 15 SB203580-inhibited transcription factors, but spared the anti-inflammatory MSK1/2 pathway. We provide proof of principle that small molecules that target the ED substrate-docking site may exert anti-inflammatory effects similar to the catalytic p38 inhibitors, but their isoform specificity and substrate selectivity may confer inherent advantages over catalytic inhibitors for treating inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirav G Shah
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Mohan E Tulapurkar
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Aparna Ramarathnam
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Amanda Brophy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Ramon Martinez
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Kellie Hom
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Theresa Hodges
- University of Maryland Institute for Genome Science, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Ramin Samadani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Ishwar S Singh
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Alexander D MacKerell
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD 21201.,Computer-Aided Drug Design Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD 21201; and
| | - Paul Shapiro
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Jeffrey D Hasday
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201; .,Medicine and Research Services, Baltimore Veterans Administration Medical Center, Baltimore, MD 21201
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Umezawa H, Naito Y, Tanaka K, Yoshioka K, Suzuki K, Sudo T, Hagihara M, Hatano M, Tatsumi K, Kasuya Y. Genetic and Pharmacological Inhibition of p38α Improves Locomotor Recovery after Spinal Cord Injury. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:72. [PMID: 28261102 PMCID: PMC5313485 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the mitogen-activated protein kinases, p38α plays a crucial role in various inflammatory diseases and apoptosis of various types of cells. In this study, we investigated the pathophysiological roles of p38α in spinal cord injury (SCI), using a mouse model. Lateral hemisection at T9 of the SC was performed in wild type (WT) and p38α+/- mice (p38α-/- showed embryonic lethality). p38α+/- mice showed a better functional recovery from SCI-associated paralyzed hindlimbs compared to WT mice at 7 days post-injury (dpi), which remained until 28 dpi (an end time point of monitoring the behavior). In histopathological analysis at 28 dpi, there was more axonal regeneration with remyelination on the caudal side of the lesion epicenter in p38α+/- mice than in WT mice. At 7 dpi, infiltration of inflammatory cells into the lesion and expression of cytokines in the lesion were reduced in p38α+/- mice compared with WT mice. At the same time point, the number of apoptotic oligodendrocytes in the white matter at the caudal boarder of the lesion of p38α+/- mice was lower than that of WT mice. At 14 dpi, more neural and oligodendrocyte precursor cells in the gray matter and white matter, respectively, were observed around the lesion epicenter of p38α+/- mice compared with the case of WT mice. At the same time point, astrocytic scar formation was less apparent in p38α+/- than in WT mice, while compaction of inflammatory immune cells associated with the wound contraction was more apparent in p38α+/- than in WT mice. Furthermore, we verified the effectiveness of oral administration of SB239063, a p38α inhibitor on the hindlimb locomotor recovery after SCI. These results suggest that p38α deeply contributes to the pathogenesis of SCI and that inhibition of p38α is a beneficial strategy to recovery from SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Umezawa
- Department of Respirology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba UniversityChiba, Japan; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba UniversityChiba, Japan; Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba UniversityChiba, Japan
| | - Yusuke Naito
- Department of Respirology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba UniversityChiba, Japan; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba UniversityChiba, Japan; Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba UniversityChiba, Japan
| | - Kensuke Tanaka
- Department of Respirology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba UniversityChiba, Japan; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba UniversityChiba, Japan
| | - Kento Yoshioka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba UniversityChiba, Japan; Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba UniversityChiba, Japan
| | - Kenichi Suzuki
- Department of Respirology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba UniversityChiba, Japan; Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba UniversityChiba, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Sudo
- Chemical Biology Core Facility and Antibiotics Laboratory, RIKEN Advanced Science Institute Saitama, Japan
| | | | - Masahiko Hatano
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University Chiba, Japan
| | - Koichiro Tatsumi
- Department of Respirology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University Chiba, Japan
| | - Yoshitoshi Kasuya
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba UniversityChiba, Japan; Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba UniversityChiba, Japan
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24
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Wu HY, Mao XF, Fan H, Wang YX. p38 β Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Signaling Mediates Exenatide-Stimulated Microglial β-Endorphin Expression. Mol Pharmacol 2017; 91:451-463. [PMID: 28202578 DOI: 10.1124/mol.116.107102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent discoveries established that activation of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptors (GLP-1Rs) mediates neuroprotection and antinociception through microglial β-endorphin expression. This study aimed to explore the underlying signaling mechanisms of microglial β-endorphin. GLP-1Rs and β-endorphin were coexpressed in primary cultures of microglia. Treatment with the GLP-1R agonist exenatide concentration-dependently stimulated microglial expression of the β-endorphin precursor gene proopiomelanocortin (POMC) and peptides, with EC50 values of 4.1 and 7.5 nM, respectively. Exenatide also significantly increased intracellular cAMP levels and expression of p-protein kinase A (PKA), p-p38, and p-cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) in cultured primary microglia. Furthermore, exenatide-induced microglial expression of POMC was completely blocked by reagents that specifically inhibit adenylyl cyclase and activation of PKA, p38, and CREB. In addition, knockdown of p38β (but not p38α) using short interfering RNA (siRNA) eliminated exenatide-induced microglial p38 phosphorylation and POMC expression. In contrast, lipopolysaccharide increased microglial activation of p38, and knockdown of p38α (but not p38β) partially suppressed expression of proinflammatory factors (including tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, and interleukin-6). Exenatide-induced phosphorylation of p38 and CREB was also totally blocked by the PKA inhibitor and siRNA/p38β, but not by siRNA/p38α Seven-day intrathecal injections of siRNA/p38β (but not siRNA/p38α) completely blocked exenatide-induced spinal p38 activation, β-endorphin expression, and mechanical antiallodynia in rats with established neuropathy, although siRNA/p38β and siRNA/p38α were not antiallodynic. To our knowledge, our results are the first to show a causal relationship between the PKA-dependent p38β mitogen-activated protein kinase/CREB signal cascade and GLP-1R agonism-mediated microglial β-endorphin expression. The differential role of p38α and p38β activation in inflammation and nociception was also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Yun Wu
- King's Laboratory, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Fang Mao
- King's Laboratory, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Fan
- King's Laboratory, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong-Xiang Wang
- King's Laboratory, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai, China
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25
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Pourbasheer E, Ahmadpour S, Zare-Dorabei R, Nekoei M. Quantitative structure activity relationship study of p38α MAP kinase inhibitors. ARAB J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2013.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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26
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Mao G, Ren P, Wang G, Yan F, Zhang Y. MicroRNA-128-3p Protects Mouse Against Cerebral Ischemia Through Reducing p38α Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Activity. J Mol Neurosci 2016; 61:152-158. [DOI: 10.1007/s12031-016-0871-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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27
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Wang S, Ding L, Ji H, Xu Z, Liu Q, Zheng Y. The Role of p38 MAPK in the Development of Diabetic Cardiomyopathy. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17071037. [PMID: 27376265 PMCID: PMC4964413 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17071037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Revised: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a major complication of diabetes that contributes to an increase in mortality. A number of mechanisms potentially explain the development of DCM including oxidative stress, inflammation and extracellular fibrosis. Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-mediated signaling pathways are common among these pathogenic responses. Among the diverse array of kinases, extensive attention has been given to p38 MAPK due to its capacity for promoting or inhibiting the translation of target genes. Growing evidence has indicated that p38 MAPK is aberrantly expressed in the cardiovascular system, including the heart, under both experimental and clinical diabetic conditions and, furthermore, inhibition of p38 MAPK activation in transgenic animal model or with its pharmacologic inhibitor significantly prevents the development of DCM, implicating p38 MAPK as a novel diagnostic indicator and therapeutic target for DCM. This review summarizes our current knowledge base to provide an overview of the impact of p38 MAPK signaling in diabetes-induced cardiac remodeling and dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shudong Wang
- Cardiovascular Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Lijuan Ding
- Department of Radiation Oncology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Honglei Ji
- Cardiovascular Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Zheng Xu
- Cardiovascular Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Quan Liu
- Cardiovascular Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Yang Zheng
- Cardiovascular Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
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28
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Martin ED, Bassi R, Marber MS. p38 MAPK in cardioprotection - are we there yet? Br J Pharmacol 2015; 172:2101-13. [PMID: 25204838 PMCID: PMC4386984 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Revised: 08/22/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
PKs transfer a phosphate from ATP to the side-chain hydroxyl group of a serine, threonine or tyrosine residue of a substrate protein. This in turn can alter that protein's function; modulating fundamental cellular processes including, metabolism, transcription, growth, division, differentiation, motility and survival. PKs are subdivided into families based on homology. One such group are the stress-activated kinases, which as the name suggests, are activated in response to cellular stresses such as toxins, cytokines, mechanical deformation and osmotic stress. Members include the p38 MAPK family, which is composed of α, β, γ and δ, isoforms which are encoded by separate genes. These kinases transduce extracellular signals and coordinate the cellular responses needed for adaptation and survival. However, in cardiovascular and other disease states, these same systems can trigger maladaptive responses that aggravate, rather than alleviate, the disease. This situation is analogous to adrenergic, angiotensin and aldosterone signalling in heart failure, where inhibition is beneficial despite the importance of these hormones to homeostasis. The question is whether similar benefits could accrue from p38 inhibition? In this review, we will discuss the structure and function of p38, the history of p38 inhibitors and their use in preclinical studies. Finally, we will summarize the results of recent cardiovascular clinical trials with p38 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- E D Martin
- King's College London BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Cardiovascular Division, The Rayne Institute, St Thomas' HospitalLondon, UK
| | - R Bassi
- King's College London BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Cardiovascular Division, The Rayne Institute, St Thomas' HospitalLondon, UK
| | - M S Marber
- King's College London BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Cardiovascular Division, The Rayne Institute, St Thomas' HospitalLondon, UK
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29
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Gupta J, Nebreda AR. Roles of p38α mitogen-activated protein kinase in mouse models of inflammatory diseases and cancer. FEBS J 2015; 282:1841-57. [PMID: 25728574 PMCID: PMC5006851 DOI: 10.1111/febs.13250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Revised: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The p38α mitogen‐activated protein kinase pathway not only regulates the production of inflammatory mediators, but also controls processes related to tissue homeostasis, such as cell proliferation, differentiation and survival, which are often disrupted during malignant transformation. The versatility of this signaling pathway allows for the regulation of many specific functions depending on the cell type and context. Here, we discuss mouse models that have been used to identify in vivo functions of p38α signaling in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases and cancer. Experiments using genetically modified mice and pharmacological inhibitors support that targeting the p38α pathway could be therapeutically useful for some inflammatory diseases and tumor types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jalaj Gupta
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Angel R Nebreda
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain.,Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
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30
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Xing B, Bachstetter AD, Van Eldik LJ. Inhibition of neuronal p38α, but not p38β MAPK, provides neuroprotection against three different neurotoxic insults. J Mol Neurosci 2014; 55:509-18. [PMID: 25012593 PMCID: PMC4303701 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-014-0372-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway plays a key role in pathological glial activation and neuroinflammatory responses. Our previous studies demonstrated that microglial p38α and not the p38β isoform is an important contributor to stressor-induced proinflammatory cytokine upregulation and glia-dependent neurotoxicity. However, the contribution of neuronal p38α and p38β isoforms in responses to neurotoxic agents is less well understood. In the current study, we used cortical neurons from wild-type or p38β knockout mice, and wild-type neurons treated with two highly selective inhibitors of p38α MAPK. Neurons were treated with one of three neurotoxic insults (L-glutamate, sodium nitroprusside, and oxygen-glucose deprivation), and neurotoxicity was assessed. All three stimuli led to neuronal death and neurite degeneration, and the degree of neurotoxicity induced in wild-type and p38β knockout neurons was not significantly different. In contrast, selective inhibition of neuronal p38α was neuroprotective. Our results show that neuronal p38β is not required for neurotoxicity induced by multiple toxic insults, but that p38α in the neuron contributes quantitatively to the neuronal dysfunction responses. These data are consistent with our previous findings of the critical importance of microglia p38α compared to p38β, and continue to support selective targeting of the p38α isoform as a potential therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Xing
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
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31
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Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) mediate a wide variety of cellular behaviors in response to extracellular stimuli. One of the main subgroups, the p38 MAP kinases, has been implicated in a wide range of complex biologic processes, such as cell proliferation, cell differentiation, cell death, cell migration, and invasion. Dysregulation of p38 MAPK levels in patients are associated with advanced stages and short survival in cancer patients (e.g., prostate, breast, bladder, liver, and lung cancer). p38 MAPK plays a dual role as a regulator of cell death, and it can either mediate cell survival or cell death depending not only on the type of stimulus but also in a cell type specific manner. In addition to modulating cell survival, an essential role of p38 MAPK in modulation of cell migration and invasion offers a distinct opportunity to target this pathway with respect to tumor metastasis. The specific function of p38 MAPK appears to depend not only on the cell type but also on the stimuli and/or the isoform that is activated. p38 MAPK signaling pathway is activated in response to diverse stimuli and mediates its function by components downstream of p38. Extrapolation of the knowledge gained from laboratory findings is essential to address the clinical significance of p38 MAPK signaling pathways. The goal of this review is to provide an overview on recent progress made in defining the functions of p38 MAPK pathways with respect to solid tumor biology and generate testable hypothesis with respect to the role of p38 MAPK as an attractive target for intervention of solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hari K Koul
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, LSU Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA ; Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Shreveport, LA, USA ; Veterans Administration Medical Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Mantu Pal
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, LSU Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA ; Veterans Administration Medical Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Sweaty Koul
- Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Shreveport, LA, USA ; Department of Urology, LSU Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
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32
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Furman S, Nissim-Bardugo E, Zeeli S, Weitman M, Nudelman A, Finkin-Groner E, Moradov D, Shifrin H, Schorer-Apelbaum D, Weinstock M. Synthesis and in vitro evaluation of anti-inflammatory activity of ester and amine derivatives of indoline in RAW 264.7 and peritoneal macrophages. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 24:2283-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.03.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Revised: 03/23/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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33
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Target engagement analysis and link to pharmacodynamic endpoint for a novel class of CNS-penetrant and efficacious p38α MAPK inhibitors. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2014; 9:454-60. [PMID: 24789302 PMCID: PMC4122817 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-014-9543-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
The protein kinase, p38α MAPK, is a key intracellular transducer of stressor-induced neuroinflammatory responses and, as such, is of high interest as a potential therapeutic target. We recently reported the synthesis and evaluation of first-in-class CNS-penetrant and highly specific p38 MAPK inhibitors that avoid target crossover issues seen in popular small molecule p38 MAPK inhibitors used in hundreds of previous reports. The novel p38 MAPK inhibitors, represented in this study by MW181, are efficacious in vivo. Pharmacodynamic actions include attenuation of stressor-induced increases in brain proinflammatory cytokine levels. We report here more detailed analyses of MW181 target engagement and specific linkage to the downstream increase in glia proinflammatory cytokine production. In vivo validation included demonstration that oral administration of MW181 suppresses lipopolysaccharide-induced increases in mouse brain IL-1β, TNFα, IL-6, IL-10, and CXCL1 but not in a drug-resistant p38α MAPK mutant mouse.
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34
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Functional roles of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase in macrophage-mediated inflammatory responses. Mediators Inflamm 2014; 2014:352371. [PMID: 24771982 PMCID: PMC3977509 DOI: 10.1155/2014/352371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2013] [Revised: 11/27/2013] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a natural host defensive process that is largely regulated by macrophages during the innate immune response. Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are proline-directed serine and threonine protein kinases that regulate many physiological and pathophysiological cell responses. p38 MAPKs are key MAPKs involved in the production of inflammatory mediators, including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). p38 MAPK signaling plays an essential role in regulating cellular processes, especially inflammation. In this paper, we summarize the characteristics of p38 signaling in macrophage-mediated inflammation. In addition, we discuss the potential of using inhibitors targeting p38 expression in macrophages to treat inflammatory diseases.
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35
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Abstract
The binding of tumour necrosis factor α (TNFα) to cell surface receptors engages multiple signal transduction pathways, including three groups of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases: extracellular-signal-regulated kinases (ERKs); the cJun NH2-terminal kinases (JNKs); and the p38 MAP kinases. These MAP kinase signalling pathways induce a secondary response by increasing the expression of several inflammatory cytokines (including TNFα) that contribute to the biological activity of TNFα. MAP kinases therefore function both upstream and down-stream of signalling by TNFα receptors. Here we review mechanisms that mediate these actions of MAP kinases during the response to TNFα.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guadalupe Sabio
- Department of Vascular Biology and Inflammation, Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Roger J Davis
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.
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36
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The resistance tetrad: amino acid hotspots for kinome-wide exploitation of drug-resistant protein kinase alleles. Methods Enzymol 2014; 548:117-46. [PMID: 25399644 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-397918-6.00005-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Acquired resistance to targeted kinase inhibitors is a well-documented clinical problem that is potentially fatal for patients to whom a suitable back-up is not available. However, protein kinase alleles that promote resistance to inhibitors can be exploited experimentally as gold-standards for "on"- and "off"-target validation strategies and constitute a powerful resource for assessing the ability of new or combined therapies to override resistance. Clinical resistance to kinase inhibitors is an evident in all tyrosine kinase-driven malignancies, where high rates of mutation drive tumor evolution toward the insidious drug-resistant (DR) state through a variety of mechanisms. Unfortunately, this problem is likely to intensify in the future as the number of target kinases, approved inhibitors, and clinical indications increase. To empower the analysis of resistance in kinases, we have validated a bioinformatic, structural, and cellular workflow for designing and evaluating resistance at key mutational hotspots among kinome members. In this chapter, we discuss how mutation of amino acids in the gatekeeper and hinge-loop regions (collectively termed the "resistance tetrad") and the DFG motif represent an effective approach for generating panels of DR kinase alleles for chemical genetics and biological target validation.
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37
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Phosphorylation of mitogen- and stress-activated protein kinase-1 in astrocytic inflammation: a possible role in inhibiting production of inflammatory cytokines. PLoS One 2013; 8:e81747. [PMID: 24349124 PMCID: PMC3859508 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0081747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2013] [Accepted: 10/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose It is generally accepted that inflammation has a role in the progression of many central nervous system (CNS) diseases, although the mechanisms through which this occurs remain unclear. Among mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) targets, mitogen- and stress-activated protein kinase (MSK1) has been thought to be involved in the pathology of inflammatory gene expression. In this study, the roles of MSK1 activation in neuroinflammation were investigated. Methods The bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced brain injury model was performed on Sprague-Dawley rats. The dynamic expression changes and the cellular location of p-MSK1 in the brain cortex were detected by Western blot and immunofluorescence staining. The synthesis of inflammatory cytokines in astrocytes was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results Phosphorylated MSK1 (p-MSK1 Thr-581) was induced significantly after intracerebral injection of LPS into the lateral ventricles of the rat brain. Specific upregulation of p-MSK1 in astrocytes was also observed in inflamed cerebral cortex. At 1 day after LPS stimulation, iNOS, TNFα expression, and the astrocyte marker glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) were increased significantly. Also, in vitro studies indicated that the upregulation of p-MSK1 (Thr-581) may be involved in the subsequent astrocyte inflammatory process, following LPS challenge. Using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), it was confirmed that treatment with LPS in primary astrocytes stimulated the synthesis of inflammatory cytokines, through MAPKs signaling pathways. In cultured primary astrocytes, both knock-down of total MSK1 by small interfering RNAs (siRNA) or specific mutation of Thr-581 resulted in higher production of certain cytokines, such as TNFα and IL-6. Conclusions Collectively, these results suggest that MSK1 phosphorylation is associated with the regulation of LPS-induced brain injury and possibly acts as a negative regulator of inflammation.
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38
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Cross talk between the Akt and p38α pathways in macrophages downstream of Toll-like receptor signaling. Mol Cell Biol 2013; 33:4152-65. [PMID: 23979601 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.01691-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The stimulation of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) on macrophages by pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) results in the activation of intracellular signaling pathways that are required for initiating a host immune response. Both phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-Akt and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways are activated rapidly in response to TLR activation and are required to coordinate effective host responses to pathogen invasion. In this study, we analyzed the role of the p38-dependent kinases MK2/3 in the activation of Akt and show that lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced phosphorylation of Akt on Thr308 and Ser473 requires p38α and MK2/3. In cells treated with p38 inhibitors or an MK2/3 inhibitor, phosphorylation of Akt on Ser473 and Thr308 is reduced and Akt activity is inhibited. Furthermore, BMDMs deficient in MK2/3 display greatly reduced phosphorylation of Ser473 and Thr308 following TLR stimulation. However, MK2/3 do not directly phosphorylate Akt in macrophages but act upstream of PDK1 and mTORC2 to regulate Akt phosphorylation. Akt is recruited to phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (PIP3) in the membrane, where it is activated by PDK1 and mTORC2. Analysis of lipid levels in MK2/3-deficient bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) revealed a role for MK2/3 in regulating Akt activity by affecting availability of PIP3 at the membrane. These data describe a novel role for p38α-MK2/3 in regulating TLR-induced Akt activation in macrophages.
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Abstract
Following pathogen infection or tissue damage, the stimulation of pattern recognition receptors on the cell surface and in the cytoplasm of innate immune cells activates members of each of the major mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) subfamilies--the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), p38 and Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) subfamilies. In conjunction with the activation of nuclear factor-κB and interferon-regulatory factor transcription factors, MAPK activation induces the expression of multiple genes that together regulate the inflammatory response. In this Review, we discuss our current knowledge about the regulation and the function of MAPKs in innate immunity, as well as the importance of negative feedback loops in limiting MAPK activity to prevent host tissue damage. We also examine how pathogens have evolved complex mechanisms to manipulate MAPK activation to increase their virulence. Finally, we consider the potential of the pharmacological targeting of MAPK pathways to treat autoimmune and inflammatory diseases.
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Wrobleski ST, Lin S, Murali Dhar T, Dyckman AJ, Li T, Pitt S, Zhang R, Fan Y, Doweyko AM, Tokarski JS, Kish KF, Kiefer SE, Sack JS, Newitt JA, Witmer MR, McKinnon M, Barrish JC, Dodd JH, Schieven GL, Leftheris K. The identification of novel p38α isoform selective kinase inhibitors having an unprecedented p38α binding mode. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:4120-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.05.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2013] [Revised: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Watterson DM, Grum-Tokars VL, Roy SM, Schavocky JP, Bradaric BD, Bachstetter AD, Xing B, Dimayuga E, Saeed F, Zhang H, Staniszewski A, Pelletier JC, Minasov G, Anderson WF, Arancio O, Van Eldik LJ. Development of Novel In Vivo Chemical Probes to Address CNS Protein Kinase Involvement in Synaptic Dysfunction. PLoS One 2013; 8:e66226. [PMID: 23840427 PMCID: PMC3694096 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0066226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2013] [Accepted: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Serine-threonine protein kinases are critical to CNS function, yet there is a dearth of highly selective, CNS-active kinase inhibitors for in vivo investigations. Further, prevailing assumptions raise concerns about whether single kinase inhibitors can show in vivo efficacy for CNS pathologies, and debates over viable approaches to the development of safe and efficacious kinase inhibitors are unsettled. It is critical, therefore, that these scientific challenges be addressed in order to test hypotheses about protein kinases in neuropathology progression and the potential for in vivo modulation of their catalytic activity. Identification of molecular targets whose in vivo modulation can attenuate synaptic dysfunction would provide a foundation for future disease-modifying therapeutic development as well as insight into cellular mechanisms. Clinical and preclinical studies suggest a critical link between synaptic dysfunction in neurodegenerative disorders and the activation of p38αMAPK mediated signaling cascades. Activation in both neurons and glia also offers the unusual potential to generate enhanced responses through targeting a single kinase in two distinct cell types involved in pathology progression. However, target validation has been limited by lack of highly selective inhibitors amenable to in vivo use in the CNS. Therefore, we employed high-resolution co-crystallography and pharmacoinformatics to design and develop a novel synthetic, active site targeted, CNS-active, p38αMAPK inhibitor (MW108). Selectivity was demonstrated by large-scale kinome screens, functional GPCR agonist and antagonist analyses of off-target potential, and evaluation of cellular target engagement. In vitro and in vivo assays demonstrated that MW108 ameliorates beta-amyloid induced synaptic and cognitive dysfunction. A serendipitous discovery during co-crystallographic analyses revised prevailing models about active site targeting of inhibitors, providing insights that will facilitate future kinase inhibitor design. Overall, our studies deliver highly selective in vivo probes appropriate for CNS investigations and demonstrate that modulation of p38αMAPK activity can attenuate synaptic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Martin Watterson
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Biological Chemistry, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Valerie L. Grum-Tokars
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Biological Chemistry, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Saktimayee M. Roy
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Biological Chemistry, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - James P. Schavocky
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Biological Chemistry, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Brinda Desai Bradaric
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Biological Chemistry, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Adam D. Bachstetter
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Bin Xing
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Edgardo Dimayuga
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Faisal Saeed
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Agnieszka Staniszewski
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey C. Pelletier
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Biological Chemistry, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - George Minasov
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Biological Chemistry, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Wayne F. Anderson
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Biological Chemistry, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Ottavio Arancio
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Linda J. Van Eldik
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
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Zaringhalam J, Tekieh E, Manaheji H, Akhtari Z. Cellular events during arthritis-induced hyperalgesia are mediated by Interleukin-6 and p38 MAPK and their effects on the expression of spinal mu-opioid receptors. Rheumatol Int 2013; 33:2291-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00296-013-2715-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2012] [Accepted: 03/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Xing B, Bachstetter AD, Van Eldik LJ. Deficiency in p38β MAPK fails to inhibit cytokine production or protect neurons against inflammatory insult in in vitro and in vivo mouse models. PLoS One 2013; 8:e56852. [PMID: 23457629 PMCID: PMC3574114 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0056852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2012] [Accepted: 01/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The p38 MAPK pathway plays a key role in regulating the production of proinflammatory cytokines, such as TNFα and IL-1β, in peripheral inflammatory disorders. There are four major isoforms of p38 MAPK (p38α, β, δ, γ), with p38α and p38β the targets of most p38 MAPK inhibitor drugs. Our previous studies demonstrated that the p38α MAPK isoform is an important contributor to stressor-induced proinflammatory cytokine up-regulation and neurotoxicity in the brain. However, the potential role of the p38β MAPK isoform in CNS proinflammatory cytokine overproduction and neurotoxicity is poorly understood. In the current studies, we used primary microglia from wild type (WT) and p38β knockout (KO) mice in co-culture with WT neurons, and measured proinflammatory cytokines and neuron death after LPS insult. We also measured neuroinflammatory responses in vivo in WT and p38β KO mice after administration of LPS by intraperitoneal or intracerebroventricular injection. WT and p38β KO microglia/neuron co-cultures showed similar levels of TNFα and IL-1β production in response to LPS treatment, and no differences in LPS-induced neurotoxicity. The in vitro results were confirmed in vivo, where levels of TNFα and IL-1β in the CNS were not significantly different between WT or p38β KO mice after LPS insult. Our results suggest that, similar to peripheral inflammation, p38α is critical but p38β MAPK is dispensable in the brain in regards to proinflammatory cytokine production and neurotoxicity induced by LPS inflammatory insult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Xing
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Adam D. Bachstetter
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Linda J. Van Eldik
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Terajima M, Inoue T, Magari K, Yamazaki H, Higashi Y, Mizuhara H. Anti-inflammatory effect and selectivity profile of AS1940477, a novel and potent p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitor. Eur J Pharmacol 2012. [PMID: 23183108 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2012.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Given the key role p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) plays in inflammatory responses through the production of cytokines and inflammatory mediators, its inhibition is considered a promising therapeutic strategy for chronic inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, inflammatory bowel disease, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Here, we evaluated the anti-inflammatory effect and selectivity profile of the novel p38 MAPK inhibitor AS1940477. AS1940477 inhibited the enzymatic activity of recombinant p38α and β isoforms but showed no effect against other 100 protein kinases including p38γ and δ isoforms. We also confirmed the selectivity of AS1940477 in the intracellular signaling pathway. In human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, AS1940477 inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- or phytohemagglutinin A (PHA)-induced production of proinflammatory cytokines, including TNFα, IL-1β, and IL-6 at low concentrations (LPS/TNFα, IC(50)=0.45n M; PHA/TNFα, IC(50)=0.40 nM). In addition, equivalent concentrations of AS1940477 that inhibited cytokine production also inhibited TNFα- and IL-1 β-induced production of IL-6, PGE(2), and MMP-3 in human synovial stromal cells. AS1940477 was also found to potently inhibit TNF production in whole blood (IC(50)=12 nM) and effectively inhibited TNFα production induced by systemically administered LPS in rats at less than 0.1mg/kg (ED(50)=0.053 mg/kg) with an anti-inflammatory effect lasting for 20h after oral administration. Overall, this study demonstrated that AS1940477 is a novel and potent p38 MAPK inhibitor and may be useful as a promising anti-inflammatory agent for treating inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaomi Terajima
- Pharmacology Research Laboratories, Astellas Pharma Inc, 21 Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki 305-8585, Japan.
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Zhang G, Li YP. p38β MAPK upregulates atrogin1/MAFbx by specific phosphorylation of C/EBPβ. Skelet Muscle 2012; 2:20. [PMID: 23046544 PMCID: PMC3534568 DOI: 10.1186/2044-5040-2-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2012] [Accepted: 09/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) family plays pivotal roles in skeletal muscle metabolism. Recent evidence revealed that p38α and p38β exert paradoxical effects on muscle protein homeostasis. However, it is unknown why p38β, but not p38α, is capable of mediating muscle catabolism via selective activation of the C/EBPβ that upregulates atrogin1/MAFbx. Methods Tryptic phosphopeptide mapping was carried out to identify p38α- and p38β-mediated phosphorylation sites in C/EBPβ. Chromosome immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay was used to evaluate p38α and p38β effect on C/EBPβ binding to the atrogin1/MAFbx promoter. Overexpression or siRNA-mediated gene knockdown of p38α and p38β, and site-directed mutagenesis or knockout of C/EBPβ, were used to analyze the roles of these kinases in muscle catabolism in C2C12 myotubes and mice. Results Cellular expression of constitutively active p38α or p38β resulted in phosphorylation of C/EBPβ at multiple serine and threonine residues; however, only p38β phosphorylated Thr-188, which had been known to be critical to the DNA-binding activity of C/EBPβ. Only p38β, but not p38α, activated C/EBPβ-binding to the atrogin1/MAFbx promoter. A C/EBPβ mutant in which Thr-188 was replaced by alanine acted as a dominant-negative inhibitor of atrogin1/MAFbx upregulation induced by either p38β or Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) cell-conditioned medium (LCM). In addition, knockdown of p38β specifically inhibited C/EBPβ activation and atrogin1/MAFbx upregulation induced by LCM. Finally, expression of active p38β in mouse tibialis anterior specifically induced C/EBPβ phosphorylation at Thr-188, atrogin1/MAFbx upregulation and muscle mass loss, which were blocked in C/EBPβ-null mice. Conclusions The α and β isoforms of p38 MAPK are capable of recognizing distinct phosphorylation sites in a substrate. The unique capacity of p38β in mediating muscle catabolism is due to its capability in phosphorylating Thr-188 of C/EBPβ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guohua Zhang
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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Wu Q, Quan H, Xu Y, Li Y, Hu Y, Lou L. p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase is required for the antitumor activity of the vascular disrupting agent 5,6-dimethylxanthenone-4-acetic acid. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2012; 341:709-17. [PMID: 22414857 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.112.191635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
5,6-Dimethylxanthenone-4-acetic acid (DMXAA), a potent vascular disrupting agent, selectively destroys established tumor vasculature, causing a rapid collapse in blood flow that ultimately leads to inhibition of tumor growth. Here, we demonstrate that p38 MAPK is critically involved in DMXAA-induced cytoskeleton reorganization in endothelial cells and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) production in macrophages, both of which were essential for DMXAA-induced vascular disruption. Inhibition of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) significantly attenuated DMXAA-induced actin cytoskeleton reorganization in human umbilical vein endothelial cells and TNF-α production in macrophages. In vivo, p38 MAPK inhibition attenuated the immediate reduction in tumor blood flow induced by DMXAA treatment (<30 min) by inhibiting actin cytoskeleton reorganization in tumor vascular endothelial cells and blunted the long-lasting (>4 h) DMXAA-induced shutdown of the tumor vasculature by inhibiting intratumoral TNF-α production. These results indicate that p38 MAPK plays a critical role in DMXAA-induced endothelial cell cytoskeleton reorganization and TNF-α production, thus regulating DMXAA-induced antitumor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Wu
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Rd., Shanghai 201203, China
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Xing B, Bachstetter AD, Van Eldik LJ. Microglial p38α MAPK is critical for LPS-induced neuron degeneration, through a mechanism involving TNFα. Mol Neurodegener 2011; 6:84. [PMID: 22185458 PMCID: PMC3292986 DOI: 10.1186/1750-1326-6-84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2011] [Accepted: 12/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The p38α MAPK isoform is a well-established therapeutic target in peripheral inflammatory diseases, but the importance of this kinase in pathological microglial activation and detrimental inflammation in CNS disorders is less well understood. To test the role of the p38α MAPK isoform in microglia-dependent neuron damage, we used primary microglia from wild-type (WT) or p38α MAPK conditional knockout (KO) mice in co-culture with WT cortical neurons, and measured neuron damage after LPS insult. Results We found that neurons in co-culture with p38α-deficient microglia were protected against LPS-induced synaptic loss, neurite degeneration, and neuronal death. The involvement of the proinflammatory cytokine TNFα was demonstrated by the findings that p38α KO microglia produced much less TNFα in response to LPS compared to WT microglia, that adding back TNFα to KO microglia/neuron co-cultures increased the LPS-induced neuron damage, and that neutralization of TNFα in WT microglia/neuron co-cultures prevented the neuron damage. These results using cell-selective, isoform-specific KO mice demonstrate that the p38α MAPK isoform in microglia is a key mediator of LPS-induced neuronal and synaptic dysfunction. The findings also provide evidence that a major mechanism by which LPS activation of microglia p38α MAPK signaling leads to neuron damage is through up-regulation of the proinflammatory cytokine TNFα. Conclusions The data suggest that selective targeting of p38α MAPK signaling should be explored as a potential therapeutic strategy for CNS disorders where overproduction of proinflammatory cytokines is implicated in disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Xing
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
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C/EBPβ mediates tumour-induced ubiquitin ligase atrogin1/MAFbx upregulation and muscle wasting. EMBO J 2011; 30:4323-35. [PMID: 21847090 DOI: 10.1038/emboj.2011.292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2010] [Accepted: 07/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Upregulation of ubiquitin ligase atrogin1/MAFbx and muscle wasting are hallmarks of cancer cachexia; however, the underlying mechanism is undefined. Here, we describe a novel signalling pathway through which Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) induces atrogin1/MAFbx upregulation and muscle wasting. C2C12 myotubes treated with LLC-conditioned medium (LCM) rapidly activates p38 MAPK and AKT while inactivating FoxO1/3, resulting in atrogin1/MAFbx upregulation, myosin heavy chain loss, and myotube atrophy. The p38α/β MAPK inhibitor SB202190 blocks the catabolic effects. Upon activation, p38 associates with C/EBPβ resulting in its phosphorylation and binding to a C/EBPβ-responsive cis-element in the atrogin1/MAFbx gene promoter. The promoter activity is stimulated by LCM via p38β-mediated activation of the C/EBPβ-responsive cis-element, independent of the adjacent FoxO1/3-responsive cis-elements in the promoter. In addition, p38 activation is observed in the muscle of LLC tumour-bearing mice, and SB202190 administration blocks atrogin1/MAFbx upregulation and muscle protein loss. Furthermore, C/EBPβ(-/-) mice are resistant to LLC tumour-induced atrogin1/MAFbx upregulation and muscle wasting. Therefore, activation of the p38β MAPK-C/EBPβ signalling pathway appears a key component of the pathogenesis of LLC tumour-induced cachexia.
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Abstract
The protein kinase superfamily is one of the most important families of enzymes in molecular biology. Protein kinases typically catalyze the transfer of the γ-phosphate from ATP to a protein substrate (a highly ubiquitous cellular reaction), thereby controlling key areas of cell regulation. Deregulation of protein kinases is known to contribute to many human diseases, and selective inhibitors of protein kinases are a major area of interest in medicinal chemistry. However, a detailed understanding of many kinase pathways is currently lacking. Before we can effectively design medicinally relevant selective kinase inhibitors, it is necessary to understand the role played by a given kinase in specific signal-transduction cascades and to decipher its protein targets. Here, we describe recent advances towards dissecting protein kinase function through the use of chemical genetics.
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Tynebor RM, Chen MH, Natarajan SR, O’Neill EA, Thompson JE, Fitzgerald CE, O’Keefe SJ, Doherty JB. Synthesis and biological activity of pyridopyridazin-6-one p38 MAP kinase inhibitors. Part 1. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:411-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.10.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2010] [Revised: 10/21/2010] [Accepted: 10/25/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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