1
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Emiloju OE, Yin J, Koubek E, Reid JM, Borad MJ, Lou Y, Seetharam M, Edelman MJ, Sausville EA, Jiang Y, Kaseb AO, Posey JA, Davis SL, Gores GJ, Roberts LR, Takebe N, Schwartz GK, Hendrickson AEW, Kaufmann SH, Adjei AA, Hubbard JM, Costello BA. Phase 1 trial of navitoclax and sorafenib in patients with relapsed or refractory solid tumors with hepatocellular carcinoma expansion cohort. Invest New Drugs 2024; 42:127-135. [PMID: 38270822 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-024-01420-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Navitoclax (ABT-263) is an oral BCL2 homology-3 mimetic that binds with high affinity to pro-survival BCL2 proteins, resulting in apoptosis. Sorafenib, an oral multi kinase inhibitor also promotes apoptosis and inhibits tumor angiogenesis. The efficacy of either agent alone is limited; however, preclinical studies demonstrate synergy with the combination of navitoclax and sorafenib. In this phase 1 study, we evaluated the combination of navitoclax and sorafenib in a dose escalation cohort of patients with refractory solid tumors, with an expansion cohort in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Maximum tolerated dose (MTD) was determined using the continual reassessment method. Navitoclax and sorafenib were administered continuously on days 1 through 21 of 21-day cycles. Ten patients were enrolled in the dose escalation cohort and 15 HCC patients were enrolled in the expansion cohort. Two dose levels were tested, and the MTD was navitoclax 150 mg daily plus sorafenib 400 mg twice daily. Among all patients, the most common grade 3 toxicity was thrombocytopenia (5 patients, 20%): there were no grade 4 or 5 toxicities. Patients received a median of 2 cycles (range 1-36 cycles) and all patients were off study treatment at data cut off. Six patients in the expansion cohort had stable disease, and there were no partial or complete responses. Drug-drug interaction between navitoclax and sorafenib was not observed. The combination of navitoclax and sorafenib did not increase induction of apoptosis compared with navitoclax alone. Navitoclax plus sorafenib is tolerable but showed limited efficacy in the HCC expansion cohort. These findings do not support further development of this combination for the treatment of advanced HCC. This phase I trial was conducted under ClinicalTrials.gov registry number NCT01364051.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwadunni E Emiloju
- Division of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Jun Yin
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Moffitt Cancer Center, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Emily Koubek
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics (MPET), Mayo Clinic, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Joel M Reid
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics (MPET), Mayo Clinic, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Mitesh J Borad
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Mayo Clinic, 5881 E. Mayo Blvd., Phoenix, AZ, 85054, USA
| | - Yanyan Lou
- Department of Hematology & Oncology, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Mahesh Seetharam
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Mayo Clinic, 5881 E. Mayo Blvd., Phoenix, AZ, 85054, USA
| | - Martin J Edelman
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19111, USA
| | - Edward A Sausville
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 22 S. Greene Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Yixing Jiang
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 22 S. Greene Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Ahmed O Kaseb
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - James A Posey
- Department of Medical Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Sarah L Davis
- University of Colorado Cancer Center - Anschutz Medical Campus, 1665 Aurora Ct, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Gregory J Gores
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Lewis R Roberts
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Naoko Takebe
- Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis (DCTD), National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Gary K Schwartz
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | | | - Scott H Kaufmann
- Division of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics (MPET), Mayo Clinic, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Alex A Adjei
- Taussig Cancer Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Joleen M Hubbard
- Division of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Brian A Costello
- Division of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
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2
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Zarezadeh SM, Sharafi AM, Erabi G, Tabashiri A, Teymouri N, Mehrabi H, Golzan SA, Faridzadeh A, Abdollahifar Z, Sami N, Arabpour J, Rahimi Z, Ansari A, Abbasi MR, Azizi N, Tamimi A, Poudineh M, Deravi N. Natural STAT3 Inhibitors for Cancer Treatment: A Comprehensive Literature Review. Recent Pat Anticancer Drug Discov 2024; 19:403-502. [PMID: 37534488 DOI: 10.2174/1574892818666230803100554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide, affecting millions of people physically and financially every year. Over time, many anticancer treatments have been proposed and studied, including synthetic compound consumption, surgical procedures, or grueling chemotherapy. Although these treatments have improved the daily life quality of patients and increased their survival rate and life expectancy, they have also shown significant drawbacks, including staggering costs, multiple side effects, and difficulty in compliance and adherence to treatment. Therefore, natural compounds have been considered a possible key to overcoming these problems in recent years, and thorough research has been done to assess their effectiveness. In these studies, scientists have discovered a meaningful interaction between several natural materials and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 molecules. STAT3 is a transcriptional protein that is vital for cell growth and survival. Mechanistic studies have established that activated STAT3 can increase cancer cell proliferation and invasion while reducing anticancer immunity. Thus, inhibiting STAT3 signaling by natural compounds has become one of the favorite research topics and an attractive target for developing novel cancer treatments. In the present article, we intend to comprehensively review the latest knowledge about the effects of various organic compounds on inhibiting the STAT3 signaling pathway to cure different cancer diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Mahdi Zarezadeh
- Students' Scientific Research Center, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Mohammad Sharafi
- Students' Scientific Research Center, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gisou Erabi
- Student Research Committee, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Arefeh Tabashiri
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Navid Teymouri
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hoda Mehrabi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Seyyed Amirhossein Golzan
- Student Research Committee, Department of Food Science and Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Science and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arezoo Faridzadeh
- Department of Immunology and Allergy, Immunology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zahra Abdollahifar
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Nafiseh Sami
- Student Research Committee, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University Medical Branch of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Javad Arabpour
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of New Sciences, Islamic Azad University Medical Branch of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Rahimi
- School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences Zanjan, Iran
| | - Arina Ansari
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | | | - Nima Azizi
- Students' Scientific Research Center, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Niloofar Deravi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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3
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Jia J, Li M, Li Y, Xiao J, Dai H. The mtDNA-STING pathway plays an important role in both navitoclax- and S63845-induced autophagy and enhances cell death. Cell Biol Toxicol 2023; 39:2821-2839. [PMID: 37002446 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-023-09804-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Targeting BCL2 family proteins to induce cancer cell death has been successful in the treatment of cancer. BH3 mimetics such as ABT-737 not only induce cell death, but also activate autophagy. The molecular mechanism by which the BH3 mimetics induce autophagy is still controversial. In this study, we show that the BCL2/BCLXL/BCLw inhibitor navitoclax and the MCL1 inhibitor S63845 induce both apoptosis and autophagy in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) and leukemia cell lines, while autophagy induced by navticlax and S63845 in leukemia cell lines requires the inhibition of caspase activities. Further experiments demonstrate that the autophagy induced by navitoclax or S63845 does not depend on Beclin 1, but downstream of Bax/Bak. Moreover, both navitoclax and S63845 treatment induce mtDNA release in MEFs, which activates STING and thereby induces autophagy, while STING KO inhibits both navitoclax- and S63845-induced autophagy. Furthermore, STING KO diminishes navitoclax- or S63845-induced apoptosis, suggesting that STING activation enhances rather than inhibits apoptosis. Thus, our findings provide new insights into the regulations of navitoclax- or S63845-induced autophagy and cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Jia
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Health & Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, Anhui, China
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Hefei Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Mengqing Li
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Health & Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, China
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Hefei Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Yunjian Li
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Health & Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, China
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Hefei Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Jun Xiao
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, China.
| | - Haiming Dai
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Health & Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, China.
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Hefei Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China.
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4
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Chen M, Hu L, Bao X, Ye K, Li Y, Zhang Z, Kaufmann SH, Xiao J, Dai H. Eltrombopag directly activates BAK and induces apoptosis. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:394. [PMID: 37393297 PMCID: PMC10314921 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05918-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
Small molecule direct BAK activators can potentially be used for the development of anti-cancer drugs or as tools to study BAK activation. The thrombopoietin receptor agonist eltrombopag (Eltro) inhibits BAX activation and BAX-mediated apoptosis. Here we report that, in contrast to its function as a BAX inhibitor, Eltro directly binds BAK but induces its activation in vitro. Moreover, Eltro induces or sensitizes BAK-dependent cell death in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) and Jurkat cells. Chemical shift perturbation analysis by NMR indicates that Eltro binds to the BAK α4/α6/α7 groove to initiate BAK activation. Further molecular docking by HADDOCK suggests that several BAK residues, including R156, F157, and H164, play an important role in the interaction with Eltro. The introduction of an R156E mutation in the BAK α4/α6/α7 groove not only decreases Eltro binding and Eltro-induced BAK activation in vitro but also diminishes Eltro-induced apoptosis. Thus, our data suggest that Eltro directly induces BAK activation and BAK-dependent apoptosis, providing a starting point for the future development of more potent and selective direct BAK activators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Chen
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- Hefei Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Lei Hu
- School of Preclinical Medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241002, China
| | - Xuyuan Bao
- Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Kaiqin Ye
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
- Hefei Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Yunjian Li
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
- Hefei Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Zhiyong Zhang
- Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Scott H Kaufmann
- Division of Oncology Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Jun Xiao
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, China.
| | - Haiming Dai
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China.
- Hefei Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China.
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5
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Razeghian E, Suksatan W, Sulaiman Rahman H, Bokov DO, Abdelbasset WK, Hassanzadeh A, Marofi F, Yazdanifar M, Jarahian M. Harnessing TRAIL-Induced Apoptosis Pathway for Cancer Immunotherapy and Associated Challenges. Front Immunol 2021; 12:699746. [PMID: 34489946 PMCID: PMC8417882 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.699746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The immune cytokine tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) has attracted rapidly evolving attention as a cancer treatment modality because of its competence to selectively eliminate tumor cells without instigating toxicity in vivo. TRAIL has revealed encouraging promise in preclinical reports in animal models as a cancer treatment option; however, the foremost constraint of the TRAIL therapy is the advancement of TRAIL resistance through a myriad of mechanisms in tumor cells. Investigations have documented that improvement of the expression of anti-apoptotic proteins and survival or proliferation involved signaling pathways concurrently suppressing the expression of pro-apoptotic proteins along with down-regulation of expression of TRAILR1 and TRAILR2, also known as death receptor 4 and 5 (DR4/5) are reliable for tumor cells resistance to TRAIL. Therefore, it seems that the development of a therapeutic approach for overcoming TRAIL resistance is of paramount importance. Studies currently have shown that combined treatment with anti-tumor agents, ranging from synthetic agents to natural products, and TRAIL could result in induction of apoptosis in TRAIL-resistant cells. Also, human mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) engineered to generate and deliver TRAIL can provide both targeted and continued delivery of this apoptosis-inducing cytokine. Similarly, nanoparticle (NPs)-based TRAIL delivery offers novel platforms to defeat barricades to TRAIL therapeutic delivery. In the current review, we will focus on underlying mechanisms contributed to inducing resistance to TRAIL in tumor cells, and also discuss recent findings concerning the therapeutic efficacy of combined treatment of TRAIL with other antitumor compounds, and also TRAIL-delivery using human MSCs and NPs to overcome tumor cells resistance to TRAIL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Razeghian
- Human Genetics Division, Medical Biotechnology Department, National Institute of Genetics Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
| | - Wanich Suksatan
- Faculty of Nursing, HRH Princess Chulabhorn College of Medical Science, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Heshu Sulaiman Rahman
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Suleimanyah, Suleimanyah, Iraq
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Komar University of Science and Technology, Sulaimaniyah, Iraq
| | - Dmitry O. Bokov
- Institute of Pharmacy, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Federal Research Center of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, Moscow, Russia
| | - Walid Kamal Abdelbasset
- Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Physical Therapy, Kasr Al-Aini Hospital, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ali Hassanzadeh
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Faroogh Marofi
- Immunology Research Center (IRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mahboubeh Yazdanifar
- Stem Cell Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Mostafa Jarahian
- Toxicology and Chemotherapy Unit (G401), German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
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6
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Ma J, Ge Z. Recent advances of targeted therapy in relapsed/refractory acute myeloid leukemia. Bosn J Basic Med Sci 2021; 21:409-421. [PMID: 33577442 PMCID: PMC8292864 DOI: 10.17305/bjbms.2020.5485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in the understanding of disease pathobiology, treatment for relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukemia (R/R AML) remains challenging. The prognosis of R/R AML remains extremely poor despite chemotherapy and bone marrow transplants. Discoveries on recurrent and novel genetic mutations, such as FLT3-ITD and IDH1/IDH2, critical signaling pathways, and unique molecular markers expressed on the surface of leukemic cells have been under investigation for the management of R/R AML. Other than monoclonal antibodies, diabodies, and triabodies are new targeted therapies developed in recent years and will be the new direction of immunotherapy. Targeted agents combined intensive regimens can be viable options for salvage therapy and as bridges to allogeneic transplant. Future directions will focus on novel, efficient and targeted combinations, low-toxicity maintenance, and individualized precision strategies. Here, we review the major recent advances of targeted therapies in the treatment of R/R AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiale Ma
- Department of Hematology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Institute of Hematology Southeast University, Nanjing, China; Department of Hematology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, China
| | - Zheng Ge
- Department of Hematology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Institute of Hematology Southeast University, Nanjing, China
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7
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Zhang H, Guo Z, Guo Y, Wang Z, Tang Y, Song T, Zhang Z. Bim transfer between Bcl-2-like protein and Hsp70 underlines Bcl-2/Hsp70 crosstalk to regulate apoptosis. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 190:114660. [PMID: 34153292 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The chaperone heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) is crucial for avoiding protein misfolding under stress, but it is also upregulated in many kinds of cancers, where its ability to buffer cellular stress prevents apoptosis. Previous research has suggested that Bim, a BH3-only member of the Bcl-2 family proteins, also serves as a cochaperone for Hsp70, which modulates the folding and stabilization of many Hsp70 oncogenic substrates in tumor cells. However, a definitive demonstration of crosstalk between Bcl-2 and Hsp70 family proteins and molecular mechanism remain unclear. Herein, we examined the effects of pan-Bcl-2 inhibitor S1, Hsp70 inhibitor S1g-6 on the K562, U937, H23, HL-60 cell lines and these inhibitors synergistically induce mitochondrial apoptosis in cancer cell lines. Moreover, we identified that Bim transfer between Bcl-2-like protein and Hsp70 underlines Bcl-2/Hsp70 crosstalk in mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. Thus, the synergy of S1 and S1g-6 to induce a panel of cancer cell lines apoptosis by inhibiting free Bim and facilitating oncogenic client AKT folding and activation. Together, our results demonstrated the combination of Bcl-2 inhibitor and Hsp70 inhibitor showed synergistic effect in cancer cells and the potential to decrease tumor regression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Life Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Zongwei Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Life Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Yafei Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Life Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Ziqian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Yao Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Life Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Ting Song
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, China.
| | - Zhichao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, China.
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Phillips DC, Buchanan FG, Cheng D, Solomon LR, Xiao Y, Xue J, Tahir SK, Smith ML, Zhang H, Widomski D, Abraham VC, Xu N, Liu Z, Zhou L, DiGiammarino E, Lu X, Rudra-Ganguly N, Trela B, Morgan-Lappe SE. Hexavalent TRAIL Fusion Protein Eftozanermin Alfa Optimally Clusters Apoptosis-Inducing TRAIL Receptors to Induce On-Target Antitumor Activity in Solid Tumors. Cancer Res 2021; 81:3402-3414. [PMID: 33687950 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-2178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
TRAIL can activate cell surface death receptors, resulting in potent tumor cell death via induction of the extrinsic apoptosis pathway. Eftozanermin alfa (ABBV-621) is a second generation TRAIL receptor agonist engineered as an IgG1-Fc mutant backbone linked to two sets of trimeric native single-chain TRAIL receptor binding domain monomers. This hexavalent agonistic fusion protein binds to the death-inducing DR4 and DR5 receptors with nanomolar affinity to drive on-target biological activity with enhanced caspase-8 aggregation and death-inducing signaling complex formation independent of FcγR-mediated cross-linking, and without clinical signs or pathologic evidence of toxicity in nonrodent species. ABBV-621 induced cell death in approximately 36% (45/126) of solid cancer cell lines in vitro at subnanomolar concentrations. An in vivo patient-derived xenograft (PDX) screen of ABBV-621 activity across 15 different tumor indications resulted in an overall response (OR) of 29% (47/162). Although DR4 (TNFSFR10A) and/or DR5 (TNFSFR10B) expression levels did not predict the level of response to ABBV-621 activity in vivo, KRAS mutations were associated with elevated TNFSFR10A and TNFSFR10B and were enriched in ABBV-621-responsive colorectal carcinoma PDX models. To build upon the OR of ABBV-621 monotherapy in colorectal cancer (45%; 10/22) and pancreatic cancer (35%; 7/20), we subsequently demonstrated that inherent resistance to ABBV-621 treatment could be overcome in combination with chemotherapeutics or with selective inhibitors of BCL-XL. In summary, these data provide a preclinical rationale for the ongoing phase 1 clinical trial (NCT03082209) evaluating the activity of ABBV-621 in patients with cancer. SIGNIFICANCE: This study describes the activity of a hexavalent TRAIL-receptor agonistic fusion protein in preclinical models of solid tumors that mechanistically distinguishes this molecular entity from other TRAIL-based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dong Cheng
- Oncology Discovery, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois
| | | | - Yu Xiao
- Oncology Discovery, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois
| | - John Xue
- Oncology Discovery, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois
| | | | - Morey L Smith
- Oncology Discovery, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois
| | - Haichao Zhang
- Oncology Discovery, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois
| | | | | | - Nan Xu
- Oncology Discovery, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois
| | - Zhihong Liu
- Oncology Discovery, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois
| | - Li Zhou
- Protein Biochemistry, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois
| | | | - Xin Lu
- Genomic Research Center, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois
| | | | - Bruce Trela
- Pre-clinical Safety, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois
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9
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Ye K, Meng WX, Sun H, Wu B, Chen M, Pang YP, Gao J, Wang H, Wang J, Kaufmann SH, Dai H. Characterization of an alternative BAK-binding site for BH3 peptides. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3301. [PMID: 32620849 PMCID: PMC7335050 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17074-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Many cellular stresses are transduced into apoptotic signals through modification or up-regulation of the BH3-only subfamily of BCL2 proteins. Through direct or indirect mechanisms, these proteins activate BAK and BAX to permeabilize the mitochondrial outer membrane. While the BH3-only proteins BIM, PUMA, and tBID have been confirmed to directly activate BAK through its canonical BH3 binding groove, whether the BH3-only proteins BMF, HRK or BIK can directly activate BAK is less clear. Here we show that BMF and HRK bind and directly activate BAK. Through NMR studies, site-directed mutagenesis, and advanced molecular dynamics simulations, we also find that BAK activation by BMF and possibly HRK involves a previously unrecognized binding groove formed by BAK α4, α6, and α7 helices. Alterations in this groove decrease the ability of BMF and HRK to bind BAK, permeabilize membranes and induce apoptosis, suggesting a potential role for this BH3-binding site in BAK activation. Mitochondrial apoptosis is controlled by BCL2 family proteins, and the BH3-only proteins often act as sensors that transmit apoptotic signals. Here the authors show how the BH3-only proteins BMF and HRK can directly activate the BCL2 protein BAK and interact with BAK through an alternative binding groove.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiqin Ye
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Center of Medical Physics and Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China.,Hefei Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Wei X Meng
- Division of Oncology Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Hongbin Sun
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Zhenzhou University of Light Industry, Zhenzhou, 450002, China
| | - Bo Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, High Magnetic Field Laboratory, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Meng Chen
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Center of Medical Physics and Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China.,Hefei Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Yuan-Ping Pang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Jia Gao
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Center of Medical Physics and Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China.,Hefei Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Hongzhi Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Center of Medical Physics and Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China.,Hefei Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Junfeng Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, High Magnetic Field Laboratory, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Scott H Kaufmann
- Division of Oncology Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA. .,Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
| | - Haiming Dai
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Center of Medical Physics and Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China. .,Hefei Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China.
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10
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Hockings C, Alsop AE, Fennell SC, Lee EF, Fairlie WD, Dewson G, Kluck RM. Mcl-1 and Bcl-x L sequestration of Bak confers differential resistance to BH3-only proteins. Cell Death Differ 2018; 25:721-734. [PMID: 29459767 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-017-0010-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2017] [Revised: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The prosurvival Bcl-2 family proteins Mcl-1 and Bcl-xL inhibit apoptosis by sequestering BH3-only proteins such as Bid and Bim (MODE 1) or the effector proteins Bak and Bax (MODE 2). To better understand the contributions of MODE 1 and MODE 2 in blocking cell death, and thus how to bypass resistance to cell death, we examined prescribed mixtures of Bcl-2 family proteins. In a Bim and Bak mixture, Bcl-xL and Mcl-1 each sequestered not only Bim but also Bak as it became activated by Bim. In contrast, in a Bid and Bak mixture, Bcl-xL preferentially sequestered Bid while Mcl-1 preferentially sequestered Bak. Notably, Bcl-xL could sequester Bak in response to the BH3 mimetic ABT-737, despite this molecule targeting Bcl-xL. These findings highlight the importance of Bak sequestration in resistance to anti-cancer treatments, including BH3 mimetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin Hockings
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.,Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Cambridge, CB3 0AS, UK
| | - Amber E Alsop
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Stephanie C Fennell
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Erinna F Lee
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, VIC, 3084, Australia.,School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, 3086, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, Melbourne, VIC, 3086, Australia
| | - W Douglas Fairlie
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, VIC, 3084, Australia.,School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, 3086, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, Melbourne, VIC, 3086, Australia
| | - Grant Dewson
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Ruth M Kluck
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia. .,Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.
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11
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Zhang Y, Li G, Liu X, Song Y, Xie J, Li G, Ren J, Wang H, Mou J, Dai J, Liu F, Guo L. Sorafenib inhibited cell growth through the MEK/ERK signaling pathway in acute promyelocytic leukemia cells. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:5620-5626. [PMID: 29552199 PMCID: PMC5840677 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study assessed the mechanism underlying the effect of sorafenib on the proliferation and apoptosis of the acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) cell line NB4. NB4 cells were treated with different concentrations of sorafenib (0, 1.5, 3, 6, and 12 µM) for 24, 48 and 72 h. Cell proliferation, cell cycle, and apoptosis were analyzed using an MTT assay and flow cytometry analysis, respectively. Reverse transcription-semi-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis were performed to assess the expression of caspase-3, caspase-8, myeloid cell leukemia (MCL)1, cyclin D1, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MEK), phosphorylated (P)-MEK, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and P-ERK. The results of the MTT assay demonstrated that, compared with untreated cells, the proliferation of sorafenib-treated NB4 cells was inhibited dose- and time-dependently. Furthermore, cell cycle arrest was induced in the G0/G1 phase and cell apoptosis was promoted in a dose-dependent manner in sorafenib-treated NB4 cells compared with untreated cells. In addition, the expression of the proapoptotic molecules caspase-3 and caspase-8 was significantly upregulated, and the expression of the antiapoptotic molecule MCL1 and the cell cycle-associated cyclin D1 was downregulated in sorafenib-treated NB4 cells compared with untreated cells. Furthermore, the phosphorylation of MEK and ERK was inhibited in sorafenib-treated NB4 cells compared with untreated cells. Sorafenib may inhibit proliferation and induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in APL cells. The underlying mechanisms of such effects may be associated with alterations to the expression of apoptosis-associated and cell cycle-associated molecules via MEK/ERK signaling pathway inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunjie Zhang
- Institute of Hematology, Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710003, P.R. China.,Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Gangcan Li
- Institute of Hematology, Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710003, P.R. China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Yanping Song
- Institute of Hematology, Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710003, P.R. China
| | - Jia Xie
- Institute of Hematology, Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710003, P.R. China
| | - Guang Li
- Institute of Hematology, Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710003, P.R. China
| | - Jingjing Ren
- Institute of Hematology, Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710003, P.R. China
| | - Hao Wang
- Institute of Hematology, Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710003, P.R. China
| | - Jiao Mou
- Institute of Hematology, Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710003, P.R. China
| | - Jinqian Dai
- Institute of Hematology, Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710003, P.R. China
| | - Feng Liu
- Institute of Hematology, Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710003, P.R. China
| | - Liang Guo
- Institute of Hematology, Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710003, P.R. China
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12
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Dai H, Ding H, Peterson KL, Meng XW, Schneider PA, Knorr KLB, Kaufmann SH. Measurement of BH3-only protein tolerance. Cell Death Differ 2018; 25:282-293. [PMID: 29053140 PMCID: PMC5762843 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2017.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The BCL2 family of proteins regulates cellular life and death decisions. Among BCL2 family members, BH3-only proteins have critical roles by neutralizing antiapoptotic family members, as well as directly activating BAX and BAK. Despite widespread occurrence of BH3-only protein upregulation in response to various stresses, this process is rarely quantified. Moreover, it is unclear whether all BH3-only proteins are equipotent at inducing cell death. Here we show that BH3-only proteins increase as much as 15- to 20-fold after various treatments and define a parameter, termed BH3-only tolerance, which measures how many copies of a particular BH3-only protein can be expressed before the majority of cells in a population undergo apoptosis. We not only assess the relative contributions of anti- and proapoptotic BCL2 family members to BH3-only tolerance, but also illustrate how the study of this parameter can be used to understand cellular sensitivity to anticancer drugs and new combinations. These observations provide a new quantitative framework for assessing apoptotic susceptibility under various conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiming Dai
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Center of Medical Physics and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei,China
- Cancer Hospital, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
- Division of Oncology Research, Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Husheng Ding
- Division of Oncology Research, Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Kevin L Peterson
- Division of Oncology Research, Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - X Wei Meng
- Division of Oncology Research, Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Paula A Schneider
- Division of Oncology Research, Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Katherine L B Knorr
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Scott H Kaufmann
- Division of Oncology Research, Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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13
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Liu JW, Zhu ZC, Li K, Wang HT, Xiong ZQ, Zheng J. UMI-77 primes glioma cells for TRAIL-induced apoptosis by unsequestering Bim and Bak from Mcl-1. Mol Cell Biochem 2017; 432:55-65. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-017-2997-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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14
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Gillissen B, Richter A, Richter A, Preissner R, Schulze-Osthoff K, Essmann F, Daniel PT. Bax/Bak-independent mitochondrial depolarization and reactive oxygen species induction by sorafenib overcome resistance to apoptosis in renal cell carcinoma. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:6478-6492. [PMID: 28154184 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.754184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Revised: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is polyresistant to chemo- and radiotherapy and biologicals, including TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL). Sorafenib, a multikinase inhibitor approved for the treatment of RCC, has been shown to sensitize cancer cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis, in particular by down-regulation of the Bak-inhibitory Bcl-2 family protein Mcl-1. Here we demonstrate that sorafenib overcomes TRAIL resistance in RCC by a mechanism that does not rely on Mcl-1 down-regulation. Instead, sorafenib induces rapid dissipation of the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) that is accompanied by the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Loss of ΔΨm and ROS production induced by sorafenib are independent of caspase activities and do not depend on the presence of the proapoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins Bax or Bak, indicating that both events are functionally upstream of the mitochondrial apoptosis signaling cascade. More intriguingly, we find that it is sorafenib-induced ROS accumulation that enables TRAIL to activate caspase-8 in RCC. This leads to apoptosis that involves activation of an amplification loop via the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. Thus, our mechanistic data indicate that sorafenib bypasses central resistance mechanisms through a direct induction of ΔΨm breakdown and ROS production. Activation of this pathway might represent a useful strategy to overcome the cell-inherent resistance to cancer therapeutics, including TRAIL, in multiresistant cancers such as RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Gillissen
- From the Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Tumor Immunology, University Medical Center Charité, Campus Berlin-Buch, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany.,the German Cancer Consortium and German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anja Richter
- From the Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Tumor Immunology, University Medical Center Charité, Campus Berlin-Buch, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany.,the German Cancer Consortium and German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Antje Richter
- From the Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Tumor Immunology, University Medical Center Charité, Campus Berlin-Buch, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Preissner
- the Institute of Physiology and Experimental Clinical Research Center, University Medical Center Charité, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Klaus Schulze-Osthoff
- the German Cancer Consortium and German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,the Interfaculty Institute for Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Strasse 4, 72076 Tübingen, Germany, and
| | - Frank Essmann
- the German Cancer Consortium and German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,the Interfaculty Institute for Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Strasse 4, 72076 Tübingen, Germany, and
| | - Peter T Daniel
- From the Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Tumor Immunology, University Medical Center Charité, Campus Berlin-Buch, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany, .,the German Cancer Consortium and German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,Clinical and Molecular Oncology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125 Berlin-Buch, Germany
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15
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Abstract
The BCL2-selective BH3 mimetic venetoclax was recently approved for the treatment of relapsed, chromosome 17p-deleted chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and is undergoing extensive testing, alone and in combination, in lymphomas, acute leukemias, and solid tumors. Here we summarize recent advances in understanding of the biology of BCL2 family members that shed light on the action of BH3 mimetics, review preclinical and clinical studies leading to the regulatory approval of venetoclax, and discuss future investigation of this new class of antineoplastic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiming Dai
- Division of Oncology Research , Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.,Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.,Center for Medical Physics and Technology, Hefei Institute of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - X Wei Meng
- Division of Oncology Research , Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.,Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Scott H Kaufmann
- Division of Oncology Research , Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.,Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
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16
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Dai H, Ding H, Meng XW, Peterson KL, Schneider PA, Karp JE, Kaufmann SH. Constitutive BAK activation as a determinant of drug sensitivity in malignant lymphohematopoietic cells. Genes Dev 2016; 29:2140-52. [PMID: 26494789 PMCID: PMC4617978 DOI: 10.1101/gad.267997.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP), a key step in the intrinsic apoptotic pathway, is incompletely understood. Current models emphasize the role of BH3-only BCL2 family members in BAX and BAK activation. Here we demonstrate concentration-dependent BAK autoactivation under cell-free conditions and provide evidence that this autoactivation plays a key role in regulating the intrinsic apoptotic pathway in intact cells. In particular, we show that up to 80% of BAK (but not BAX) in lymphohematopoietic cell lines is oligomerized and bound to anti-apoptotic BCL2 family members in the absence of exogenous death stimuli. The extent of this constitutive BAK oligomerization is diminished by BAK knockdown and unaffected by BIM or PUMA down-regulation. Further analysis indicates that sensitivity of cells to BH3 mimetics reflects the identity of the anti-apoptotic proteins to which BAK is constitutively bound, with extensive BCLXL•BAK complexes predicting navitoclax sensitivity, and extensive MCL1•BAK complexes predicting A1210477 sensitivity. Moreover, high BAK expression correlates with sensitivity of clinical acute myelogenous leukemia to chemotherapy, whereas low BAK levels correlate with resistance and relapse. Collectively, these results inform current understanding of MOMP and provide new insight into the ability of BH3 mimetics to induce apoptosis without directly activating BAX or BAK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiming Dai
- Division of Oncology Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA; Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA; Center for Medical Physics and Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Science, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Husheng Ding
- Division of Oncology Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
| | - X Wei Meng
- Division of Oncology Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA; Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
| | - Kevin L Peterson
- Division of Oncology Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
| | - Paula A Schneider
- Division of Oncology Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
| | - Judith E Karp
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA
| | - Scott H Kaufmann
- Division of Oncology Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA; Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
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17
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Ciuleanu T, Bazin I, Lungulescu D, Miron L, Bondarenko I, Deptala A, Rodriguez-Torres M, Giantonio B, Fox NL, Wissel P, Egger J, Ding M, Kalyani RN, Humphreys R, Gribbin M, Sun W. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase II study to assess the efficacy and safety of mapatumumab with sorafenib in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. Ann Oncol 2016; 27:680-7. [PMID: 26802147 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdw004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase II study evaluated the efficacy and safety of mapatumumab (a human agonistic monoclonal antibody against tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand receptor 1) in combination with sorafenib in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients with advanced HCC (stratified by Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stage and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status) were randomized 1:1 to receive sorafenib (400 mg, twice daily per 21-day cycle) and either placebo (placebo-sorafenib arm) or mapatumumab (30 mg/kg on day 1 per 21-day cycle; mapatumumab-sorafenib arm). The primary end point was time to (radiologic) progression (TTP), assessed by blinded independent central review. Key secondary end points included progression-free survival, overall survival, and objective response. RESULTS In total, 101 patients were randomized (placebo-sorafenib arm: N = 51; mapatumumab-sorafenib arm: N = 50). There was no significant difference in median TTP between both arms [5.6 versus 4.1 months, respectively; adjusted hazard ratio (one-sided 90% confidence interval) 1.192 (0-1.737)]. No mapatumumab-related benefit was identified when TTP was evaluated in the stratified subgroups. The addition of mapatumumab to sorafenib did not demonstrate improvement in the secondary efficacy end points. The reported frequency of adverse events (AEs) and serious AEs was comparable in both treatment arms. CONCLUSIONS The addition of mapatumumab to sorafenib did not improve TTP or other efficacy end points, nor did it substantially change the toxicity profile of sorafenib in patients with advanced HCC. Based on these results, further development of the combination of mapatumumab and sorafenib in HCC is not planned.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Ciuleanu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Prof. Dr Ion Chiricuţă Institute of Oncology and UMF Iuliu Hatieganu, Cluj Napoca, Romania
| | - I Bazin
- Federal State Budgetary Institution, Russian Oncology Research Center n.a. N.N. Blokhin under the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - L Miron
- Iasi Regional Institute for Oncology, Iasi County, Romania
| | - I Bondarenko
- Department of Oncology and Medical Radiology, Dnipropetrovsk Medical Academy, City Multispeciality Clinical Hospital # 4, Dnipropetrovsk, Ukraine
| | - A Deptala
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, CSK MSW, Warsaw Department of Cancer Prevention, WNOZ WUM, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - B Giantonio
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Abramson Cancer Center of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - N L Fox
- Clinical Development, Human Genome Sciences, Inc., Rockville
| | - P Wissel
- Clinical Development, GlaxoSmithKline, Upper Providence, USA
| | - J Egger
- Clinical Development, GlaxoSmithKline, Stockley Park, UK
| | - M Ding
- Statistics, GlaxoSmithKline, Upper Providence
| | - R N Kalyani
- Clinical Development, Human Genome Sciences, Inc., Rockville
| | | | - M Gribbin
- Statistics, Human Genome Sciences, Inc., Rockville, USA
| | - W Sun
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Abramson Cancer Center of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
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18
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Cheng AL, Kang YK, He AR, Lim HY, Ryoo BY, Hung CH, Sheen IS, Izumi N, Austin T, Wang Q, Greenberg J, Shiratori S, Beckman RA, Kudo M. Safety and efficacy of tigatuzumab plus sorafenib as first-line therapy in subjects with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: A phase 2 randomized study. J Hepatol 2015; 63:896-904. [PMID: 26071796 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2015.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Revised: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Tigatuzumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody that acts as a death receptor-5 agonist and exerts tumour necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand-like activity. In this phase II study, safety and tolerability of the combination of tigatuzumab and sorafenib was evaluated in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. METHODS Adults with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma, measurable disease, and an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance score⩽1 were enrolled. Eligible subjects were randomly assigned 1:1:1 to tigatuzumab (6 mg/kg loading, 2 mg/kg/week maintenance) plus sorafenib 400 mg twice daily; tigatuzumab (6 mg/kg loading, 6 mg/kg/week maintenance) plus sorafenib 400 mg twice daily; or sorafenib 400 mg twice daily. The primary end point was time to progression. Secondary end points included overall survival and safety. RESULTS 163 subjects were randomized to treatment. Median time to progression was 3.0 months in the tigatuzumab 6/2 mg/kg combination group (p=0.988 vs. sorafenib), 3.9 months in the tigatuzumab 6/6 mg/kg combination group (p=0.586 vs. sorafenib), and 2.8 months in the sorafenib alone group. Median overall survival was 12.2 months in the tigatuzumab 6/6 mg/kg combination group (p=0.659 vs. sorafenib), vs. 8.2 months in both other treatment groups (p=0.303, tigatuzumab 6/2 mg/kg combination vs. sorafenib). The most common treatment-emergent adverse events were palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia syndrome, diarrhea, and decreased appetite. CONCLUSIONS Tigatuzumab combined with sorafenib vs. sorafenib alone in adults with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma did not meet its primary efficacy end point, although tigatuzumab plus sorafenib is well tolerated in hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Lii Cheng
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Yoon-Koo Kang
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Aiwu Ruth He
- Georgetown University Medical Center, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Ho Yeong Lim
- Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Baek-Yeol Ryoo
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chao-Hung Hung
- Chang Gung Medical Foundation-Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - I-Shyan Sheen
- Chang Gung Medical Foundation-Linkuo, Taoyaun, Taiwan
| | - Namiki Izumi
- Japan Red Cross Musashino Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - TaShara Austin
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, NJ, USA
| | - Qiang Wang
- Daiichi Sankyo Pharma Development, Edison, NJ, USA
| | | | | | - Robert A Beckman
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center and Innovation Center for Biomedical Informatics, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA; Department of Biostatistics, Bioinformatics, and Biomathematics, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center and Innovation Center for Biomedical Informatics, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
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Li J, Chen Y, Wan J, Liu X, Yu C, Li W. ABT-263 enhances sorafenib-induced apoptosis associated with Akt activity and the expression of Bax and p21((CIP1/WAF1)) in human cancer cells. Br J Pharmacol 2015; 171:3182-95. [PMID: 24571452 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2013] [Revised: 02/16/2014] [Accepted: 02/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Sorafenib, a potent inhibitor that targets several kinases associated with tumourigenesis and cell survival, has been approved for clinical treatment as a single agent. However, combining sorafenib with other agents improves its anti-tumour efficacy in various preclinical tumour models. ABT-263, a second-generation BH3 mimic, binds to the anti-apoptotic family members Bcl-2, Bcl-xL and Bcl-w, and has been demonstrated to enhance TNFSF10 (TRAIL)-induced apoptosis in human hepatocarcinoma cells. Hence, we investigated the effects of ABT-263 treatment combined with sorafenib. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The effects of ABT-263 combined with sorafenib were investigated in vitro, on cell viability, clone formation and apoptosis, and the mechanism examined using western blot and flow cytometry. This combination was also evaluated in vivo, in a mouse xenograft model; tumour growth, volume and weights were measured and a TUNEL assay performed. KEY RESULTS ABT-263 enhanced sorafenib-induced apoptosis while sparing non-tumourigenic cells. Although ABT-263 plus sorafenib significantly stimulated intracellular reactive oxygen species production and subsequent mitochondrial depolarization, this was not sufficient to trigger cell apoptosis. ABT-263 plus sorafenib significantly decreased Akt activity, which was, at least partly, involved in its effect on apoptosis. Bax and p21 (CIP1/WAF1) were shown to play a critical role in ABT-263 plus sorafenib-induced apoptosis. Combining sorafenib with ABT-263 dramatically increased its efficacy in vivo. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS The anti-tumour activity of ABT-263 plus sorafenib may involve the induction of intrinsic cell apoptosis via inhibition of Akt, and reduced Bax and p21 expression. Our findings offer a novel effective therapeutic strategy for tumour treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingru Li
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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20
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Jelínková I, Šafaříková B, Vondálová Blanářová O, Skender B, Hofmanová J, Sova P, Moyer MP, Kozubík A, Kolář Z, Ehrmann J, Hyršlová Vaculová A. Platinum(IV) complex LA-12 exerts higher ability than cisplatin to enhance TRAIL-induced cancer cell apoptosis via stimulation of mitochondrial pathway. Biochem Pharmacol 2014; 92:415-24. [PMID: 25285768 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2014.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Revised: 09/13/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
In search for novel strategies in colon cancer treatment, we investigated the unique ability of platinum(IV) complex LA-12 to efficiently enhance the killing effects of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL), and compared it with the sensitizing action of cisplatin. We provide the first evidence that LA-12 primes human colon cancer cells for TRAIL-induced cytotoxicity by p53-independent activation of the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. The cooperative action of LA-12 and TRAIL was associated with stimulation of Bax/Bak activation, drop of mitochondrial membrane potential, caspase-9 activation, and a shift of the balance among Bcl-2 family proteins in favor of the pro-apoptotic members. In contrast to cisplatin, LA-12 was a potent inducer of ERK-mediated Noxa and BimL protein upregulation, and more effectively enhanced TRAIL-induced apoptosis in the absence of Bax. The cooperative action of LA-12 and TRAIL was augmented following the siRNA-mediated silencing of Mcl-1 in both Bax proficient/deficient cells. We newly demonstrated that LA-12 induced ERK-mediated c-Myc upregulation, and proved that c-Myc silencing inhibited the mitochondrial activation and apoptosis in colon cancer cells treated with LA-12 and TRAIL. The LA-12-mediated sensitization to TRAIL-induced apoptosis was demonstrated in several colon cancer cell lines, further underscoring the general relevance of our findings. The selective action of LA-12 was documented by preferential priming of cancer but not normal colon cancer cells to TRAIL killing effects. Our work highlights the promising potential of LA-12 over cisplatin to enhance the colon cancer cell sensitivity to TRAIL-induced apoptosis, and provides new mechanistic insights into their cooperative action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iva Jelínková
- Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Animal Physiology and Immunology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Barbora Šafaříková
- Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Animal Physiology and Immunology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Olga Vondálová Blanářová
- Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Belma Skender
- Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Animal Physiology and Immunology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Jiřina Hofmanová
- Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Animal Physiology and Immunology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Petr Sova
- Platinum Pharmaceuticals, a.s., Brno, Czech Republic.
| | | | - Alois Kozubík
- Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Animal Physiology and Immunology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Zdeněk Kolář
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Jiří Ehrmann
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Alena Hyršlová Vaculová
- Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Brno, Czech Republic; Center of Biomolecular and Cellular Engineering, International Clinical Research Center, St. Ann's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic.
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21
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The pleiotropic profile of the indirubin derivative 6BIO overcomes TRAIL resistance in cancer. Biochem Pharmacol 2014; 91:157-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2014.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Revised: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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22
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Belmar J, Fesik SW. Small molecule Mcl-1 inhibitors for the treatment of cancer. Pharmacol Ther 2014; 145:76-84. [PMID: 25172548 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2014.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The Bcl-2 family of proteins serves as primary regulators of apoptosis. Myeloid cell leukemia 1 (Mcl-1), a pro-survival member of the Bcl-2 family of proteins, is overexpressed and the Mcl-1 gene is amplified in many tumor types. Moreover, the overexpression of Mcl-1 is the cause of resistance to several chemotherapeutic agents. Thus, Mcl-1 is a promising cancer target. This review highlights the current progress on the discovery of small molecule Mcl-1 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Belmar
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 2215 Garland Avenue, 607 Light Hall, Nashville, TN 37232-0146, United States
| | - Stephen W Fesik
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 2215 Garland Avenue, 607 Light Hall, Nashville, TN 37232-0146, United States.
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23
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Meng XW, Koh BD, Zhang JS, Flatten KS, Schneider PA, Billadeau DD, Hess AD, Smith BD, Karp JE, Kaufmann SH. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors sensitize cancer cells to death receptor-mediated apoptosis by enhancing death receptor expression. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:20543-58. [PMID: 24895135 PMCID: PMC4110268 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.549220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2014] [Revised: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Recombinant human tumor necrosis factor-α-related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL), agonistic monoclonal antibodies to TRAIL receptors, and small molecule TRAIL receptor agonists are in various stages of preclinical and early phase clinical testing as potential anticancer drugs. Accordingly, there is substantial interest in understanding factors that affect sensitivity to these agents. In the present study we observed that the poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors olaparib and veliparib sensitize the myeloid leukemia cell lines ML-1 and K562, the ovarian cancer line PEO1, non-small cell lung cancer line A549, and a majority of clinical AML isolates, but not normal marrow, to TRAIL. Further analysis demonstrated that PARP inhibitor treatment results in activation of the FAS and TNFRSF10B (death receptor 5 (DR5)) promoters, increased Fas and DR5 mRNA, and elevated cell surface expression of these receptors in sensitized cells. Chromatin immunoprecipitation demonstrated enhanced binding of the transcription factor Sp1 to the TNFRSF10B promoter in the presence of PARP inhibitor. Knockdown of PARP1 or PARP2 (but not PARP3 and PARP4) not only increased expression of Fas and DR5 at the mRNA and protein level, but also recapitulated the sensitizing effects of the PARP inhibition. Conversely, Sp1 knockdown diminished the PARP inhibitor effects. In view of the fact that TRAIL is part of the armamentarium of natural killer cells, these observations identify a new facet of PARP inhibitor action while simultaneously providing the mechanistic underpinnings of a novel therapeutic combination that warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- X. Wei Meng
- From the Division of Oncology Research and
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905 and
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Allan D. Hess
- the Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - B. Douglas Smith
- the Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Judith E. Karp
- the Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Scott H. Kaufmann
- From the Division of Oncology Research and
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905 and
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24
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Gilad Y, Shiloh R, Ber Y, Bialik S, Kimchi A. Discovering protein-protein interactions within the programmed cell death network using a protein-fragment complementation screen. Cell Rep 2014; 8:909-21. [PMID: 25066129 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2014.06.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Revised: 06/08/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis and autophagy are distinct biological processes, each driven by a different set of protein-protein interactions, with significant crosstalk via direct interactions among apoptotic and autophagic proteins. To measure the global profile of these interactions, we adapted the Gaussia luciferase protein-fragment complementation assay (GLuc PCA), which monitors binding between proteins fused to complementary fragments of a luciferase reporter. A library encompassing 63 apoptotic and autophagic proteins was constructed for the analysis of ∼3,600 protein-pair combinations. This generated a detailed landscape of the apoptotic and autophagic modules and points of interface between them, identifying 46 previously unknown interactions. One of these interactions, between DAPK2, a Ser/Thr kinase that promotes autophagy, and 14-3-3τ, was further investigated. We mapped the region responsible for 14-3-3τ binding and proved that this interaction inhibits DAPK2 dimerization and activity. This proof of concept underscores the power of the GLuc PCA platform for the discovery of biochemical pathways within the cell death network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuval Gilad
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Ruth Shiloh
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Yaara Ber
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Shani Bialik
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Adi Kimchi
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
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25
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Hsu CH, Shen YC, Shao YY, Hsu C, Cheng AL. Sorafenib in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: current status and future perspectives. J Hepatocell Carcinoma 2014; 1:85-99. [PMID: 27508178 PMCID: PMC4918267 DOI: 10.2147/jhc.s45040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The approval of sorafenib, a multikinase inhibitor targeting primarily Raf kinase and the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor, in 2007 for treating advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has generated considerable enthusiasm in drug development for this difficult-to-treat disease. However, because several randomized Phase III studies testing new multikinase inhibitors failed, sorafenib remains the standard of first-line systemic therapy for patients with advanced HCC. Field practice studies worldwide have suggested that in daily practice, physicians are adopting either a preemptive dose modification or a ramp-up strategy to improve the compliance of their patients. In addition, accumulating data have suggested that patients with Child-Pugh class B liver function can tolerate sorafenib as well as patients with Child-Pugh class A liver function, although the actual benefit of sorafenib in patients with Child-Pugh class B liver function has yet to be confirmed. Whether sorafenib can be used as an adjunctive therapy to improve the outcomes of intermediate-stage HCC patients treated with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization or early-stage HCC patients after curative therapies is being investigated in several ongoing randomized Phase III studies. An increasing number of studies have reported that sorafenib exerts "off-target" effects, including the modulation of signaling pathways other than Raf/MEK/ERK pathway, nonapoptotic cell death mechanisms, and even immune modulation. Finally, although sorafenib in combination with chemotherapy or other targeted therapies has the potential to improve therapeutic efficacy in treating HCC, it also increases toxicity. Additional clinical studies are warranted to determine useful sorafenib-based combinations for the treatment of advanced HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Hung Hsu
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Oncology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chun Shen
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Yun Shao
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Oncology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chiun Hsu
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Oncology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ann-Lii Cheng
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Oncology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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26
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Srkalovic G, Hussein MA, Hoering A, Zonder JA, Popplewell LL, Trivedi H, Mazzoni S, Sexton R, Orlowski RZ, Barlogie B. A phase II trial of BAY 43-9006 (sorafenib) (NSC-724772) in patients with relapsing and resistant multiple myeloma: SWOG S0434. Cancer Med 2014; 3:1275-83. [PMID: 24913924 PMCID: PMC4302677 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Revised: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The authors assessed the overall response rate, including confirmed complete response (CR) and partial response, in patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma treated with sorafenib. Qualitative and quantitative toxicities associated with this regimen were evaluated. Patients were eligible if they had a confirmed diagnosis of refractory or relapsed (RR) multiple myeloma (MM) with measurable monoclonal protein. Patients had to have adequate renal, hepatic, hematologic, and cardiac function with a Zubrod performance status of 0–2. Patients were given 400 mg sorafenib by mouth twice daily for 28-day treatment cycles. These patients were followed up for a maximum of 3 years to assess responses and adverse events. Twenty-three patients were enrolled. Of these, five were found to be ineligible for the following reasons: four had insufficient documentation of the baseline disease and one patient did not have measurable disease. All eighteen eligible patients were evaluable for toxicities. Three patients experienced grade 4 toxicities: one with thrombocytopenia, one with anemia, and one with renal failure. Four of the eighteen eligible patients were not assessable for response due to removal from protocol treatment prior to adequate disease assessment. Specifically, three were removed for either grade 4 toxicity or progression of disease and one was removed per patient choice (due to reasons unrelated to treatment). Of the 18 patients who were assessed for toxicities, 5 (27.8%) received at least one fully dosed cycle, 2 (11.1%) of whom had all cycles fully dosed. No responses were observed on this study of the 14 patients who were assessable for response. All patients have discontinued protocol treatment as of August 2008. Overall survival at 12 months was 50% (95% CI 27–73%) and median progression-free survival was 1.2 months (95% CI 1.0–5.4). The trial did not exhibit activity by the International Uniform Response Criteria for MM. Further research should focus on combination therapy of sorafenib with standard treatments in selected patients with RR MM.
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27
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Omar HA, Arafa ESA, Maghrabi IA, Weng JR. Sensitization of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells to Apo2L/TRAIL by a Novel Akt/NF-κB Signalling Inhibitor. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2014; 114:464-71. [DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.12190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Accepted: 12/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hany A. Omar
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry; College of Pharmacy; The Ohio State University; Columbus OH USA
- Department of Pharmacology; Faculty of Pharmacy; Beni-Suef University; Beni-Suef Egypt
- Department of Pharmacology; College of Pharmacy; University of Sharjah; Sharjah United Arab Emirates
| | - El-Shaimaa A. Arafa
- Department of Pharmacology; Faculty of Pharmacy; Beni-Suef University; Beni-Suef Egypt
| | - Ibrahim A. Maghrabi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy; College of Pharmacy; Taif University; Taif Saudi Arabia
| | - Jing-Ru Weng
- Department of Biological Science and Technology; China Medical University; Taichung Taiwan
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28
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Polyakov VR, Moorcroft ND, Drawid A. Enrichment Analysis for Discovering Biological Associations in Phenotypic Screens. J Chem Inf Model 2014; 54:377-86. [DOI: 10.1021/ci400245c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Valery R. Polyakov
- Sanofi, 55 Corporate Drive, Bridgewater, New Jersey 08807, United States
| | - Neil D. Moorcroft
- Sanofi, 55 Corporate Drive, Bridgewater, New Jersey 08807, United States
| | - Amar Drawid
- Sanofi, 55 Corporate Drive, Bridgewater, New Jersey 08807, United States
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Dai H, Pang YP, Ramirez-Alvarado M, Kaufmann SH. Evaluation of the BH3-only protein Puma as a direct Bak activator. J Biol Chem 2013; 289:89-99. [PMID: 24265320 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.505701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Interactions among Bcl-2 family proteins play critical roles in cellular life and death decisions. Previous studies have established the BH3-only proteins Bim, tBid, and Noxa as "direct activators" that are able to directly initiate the oligomerization and activation of Bak and/or Bax. Earlier studies of Puma have yielded equivocal results, with some concluding that it also acts as a direct activator and other studies suggesting that it acts solely as a sensitizer BH3-only protein. In the present study we examined the interaction of Puma BH3 domain or full-length protein with Bak by surface plasmon resonance, assessed Bak oligomerization status by cross-linking followed by immunoblotting, evaluated the ability of the Puma BH3 domain to induce Bak-mediated permeabilization of liposomes and mitochondria, and determined the effect of wild type and mutant Puma on cell viability in a variety of cellular contexts. Results of this analysis demonstrate high affinity (KD = 26 ± 5 nM) binding of the Puma BH3 domain to purified Bak ex vivo, leading to Bak homo-oligomerization and membrane permeabilization. Mutations in Puma that inhibit (L141E/M144E/L148E) or enhance (M144I/A145G) Puma BH3 binding to Bak also produce corresponding alterations in Bak oligomerization, Bak-mediated membrane permeabilization and, in a cellular context, Bak-mediated killing. Collectively, these results provide strong evidence that Puma, like Bim, Noxa, and tBid, is able to act as a direct Bak activator.
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Hamed HA, Yamaguchi Y, Fisher PB, Grant S, Dent P. Sorafenib and HDAC inhibitors synergize with TRAIL to kill tumor cells. J Cell Physiol 2013; 228:1996-2005. [PMID: 23674352 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Accepted: 03/11/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The present studies were designed to compare and contrast the abilities of TRAIL (death receptor agonist) and obatoclax (BCL-2 family inhibitor) to enhance sorafenib + HDAC inhibitor toxicity in GI tumor cells. Sorafenib and HDAC inhibitor treatment required expression of CD95 to kill GI tumor cells in vitro and in vivo. In cells lacking CD95 expression, TRAIL treatment, and to a lesser extent obatoclax, enhanced the lethal effects of sorafenib + HDAC inhibitor exposure. In hepatoma cells expressing CD95 a similar data pattern emerged with respect to the actions of TRAIL. Downstream of the death receptor the ability of TRAIL to enhance cell killing correlated with reduced AKT, ERK1/2, p70 S6K, and mTOR activity and enhanced cleavage of pro-caspase 3 and reduced expression of MCL-1 and BCL-XL. Over-expression of BCL-XL or MCL-1 or expression of dominant negative pro-caspase 9 protected cells from drug toxicity. Expression of activated AKT, p70 S6K, mTOR, and to a lesser extent MEK1EE also protected cells that correlated with maintained c-FLIP-s expression, reduced BIM expression, and increased BAD phosphorylation. In vivo sorafenib + HDAC inhibitor toxicity against tumors was increased in a greater than additive fashion by TRAIL. Collectively, our data argue that TRAIL, rather than obatoclax, is the most efficacious agent at promoting sorafenib + HDAC inhibitor lethality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein A Hamed
- Department of Neurosurgery, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298-0035, USA
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31
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Nagai H, Kanekawa T, Kobayashi K, Mukozu T, Matsui D, Matsui T, Kanayama M, Wakui N, Momiyama K, Shinohara M, Ishii K, Igarashi Y, Sumino Y. Changes of cytokines in patients with liver cirrhosis and advanced hepatocellular carcinoma treated by sorafenib. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2013; 73:223-9. [PMID: 24220937 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-013-2344-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Recently, the oral multikinase inhibitor sorafenib has been used to treat advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (aHCC). Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) induces apoptosis of tumor cells by binding to TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand, while binding of the Fas ligand on cytotoxic T lymphocytes to the Fas receptor on hepatocytes also causes apoptosis. The aim of this study was to retrospectively evaluate changes of cytokines in patients with liver cirrhosis (LC) and aHCC receiving sorafenib therapy. METHODS Fifty-seven adult Japanese LC patients received sorafenib for aHCC (200-800 mg/day for 4 weeks) between 2009 and 2012 at our hospital. Blood samples were collected in the early morning before and after treatment, and the serum levels of soluble TNF-alpha (sTNF-alpha), soluble TNF receptor (sTNF-R), soluble Fas ligand (sFas L), and soluble Fas (sFas) were evaluated. RESULTS Ten patients were treated with sorafenib at 200 mg/day (200 mg group), 37 patients were given 400 mg/day (400 mg group), and 10 patients received 800 mg/day (800 mg group). The serum level of sTNF-alpha was significantly increased after treatment compared with before treatment in the 400 and 800 mg groups. The serum level of sTNF-R also showed a significant increase after treatment in the 400 mg group, although there was no significant difference of sTNF-R between before and after treatment in the 200 and 800 mg groups. sFas showed a significant decrease after treatment compared with before treatment in the 400 and 800 mg groups, although the serum level of sFas L never exceeded 0.15 ng/ml. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that treatment with sorafenib at doses ≥400 mg/day might promote TNF-related or Fas-related apoptosis by increasing the circulating level of TNF-alpha or decreasing that of sFas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidenari Nagai
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine (Omori), Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, Toho University, 6-11-1, Omorinishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo, 143-8541, Japan,
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32
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Dai H, Ding H, Meng XW, Lee SH, Schneider PA, Kaufmann SH. Contribution of Bcl-2 phosphorylation to Bak binding and drug resistance. Cancer Res 2013; 73:6998-7008. [PMID: 24097825 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-13-0940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Bcl-2 is phosphorylated on Ser(70) after treatment of cells with spindle poisons. On the basis of effects observed in cells overexpressing Bcl-2 S70E or S70A mutants, various studies have concluded that Ser(70) phosphorylation either enhances or diminishes Bcl-2 function. In the present study, the ability of phosphorylated Bcl-2, as well as the S70E and S70A mutants, to bind and neutralize proapoptotic Bcl-2 family members under cell-free conditions and in intact cells was examined in an attempt to resolve this controversy. Surface plasmon resonance indicated that phosphorylated Bcl-2, Bcl-2 S70E, and Bcl-2 S70A exhibit enhanced binding to Bim and Bak compared with unmodified Bcl-2. This enhanced binding reflected a readily detectable conformation change in the loop domain of Bcl-2. Furthermore, Bcl-2 S70E and S70A bound more Bak and Bim than wild-type Bcl-2 in pull-downs and afforded greater protection against several chemotherapeutic agents. Importantly, binding of endogenous Bcl-2 to Bim also increased during mitosis, when Bcl-2 is endogenously phosphorylated, and disruption of this mitotic Bcl-2/Bim binding with navitoclax or ABT-199, like Bcl-2 downregulation, enhanced the cytotoxicity of paclitaxel. Collectively, these results provide not only a mechanistic basis for the enhanced antiapoptotic activity of phosphorylated Bcl-2, but also an explanation for the ability of BH3 mimetics to enhance taxane sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiming Dai
- Division of Oncology Research, Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905.,Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905
| | - Husheng Ding
- Division of Oncology Research, Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905
| | - X Wei Meng
- Division of Oncology Research, Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905.,Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905
| | - Sun-Hee Lee
- Division of Oncology Research, Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905
| | - Paula A Schneider
- Division of Oncology Research, Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905
| | - Scott H Kaufmann
- Division of Oncology Research, Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905.,Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905
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Ding H, McDonald JS, Yun S, Schneider PA, Peterson KL, Flatten KS, Loegering DA, Oberg AL, Riska SM, Huang S, Sinicrope FA, Adjei AA, Karp JE, Meng XW, Kaufmann SH. Farnesyltransferase inhibitor tipifarnib inhibits Rheb prenylation and stabilizes Bax in acute myelogenous leukemia cells. Haematologica 2013; 99:60-9. [PMID: 23996484 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2013.087734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Although farnesyltransferase inhibitors have shown promising activity in relapsed lymphoma and sporadic activity in acute myelogenous leukemia, their mechanism of cytotoxicity is incompletely understood, making development of predictive biomarkers difficult. In the present study, we examined the action of tipifarnib in human acute myelogenous leukemia cell lines and clinical samples. In contrast to the Ras/MEK/ERK pathway-mediated Bim upregulation that is responsible for tipifarnib-induced killing of malignant lymphoid cells, inhibition of Rheb-induced mTOR signaling followed by dose-dependent upregulation of Bax and Puma occurred in acute myelogenous leukemia cell lines undergoing tipifarnib-induced apoptosis. Similar Bax and Puma upregulation occurred in serial bone marrow samples harvested from a subset of acute myelogenous leukemia patients during tipifarnib treatment. Expression of FTI-resistant Rheb M184L, like knockdown of Bax or Puma, diminished tipifarnib-induced killing. Further analysis demonstrated that increased Bax and Puma levels reflect protein stabilization rather than increased gene expression. In U937 cells selected for tipifarnib resistance, neither inhibition of signaling downstream of Rheb nor Bax and Puma stabilization occurred. Collectively, these results not only identify a pathway downstream from Rheb that contributes to tipifarnib cytotoxicity in human acute myelogenous leukemia cells, but also demonstrate that FTI-induced killing of lymphoid versus myeloid cells reflects distinct biochemical mechanisms downstream of different farnesylated substrates. (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT00602771).
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Park S, Cho DH, Andera L, Suh N, Kim I. Curcumin enhances TRAIL-induced apoptosis of breast cancer cells by regulating apoptosis-related proteins. Mol Cell Biochem 2013; 383:39-48. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-013-1752-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2013] [Accepted: 07/03/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Chen KF, Chen HL, Shiau CW, Liu CY, Chu PY, Tai WT, Ichikawa K, Chen PJ, Cheng AL. Sorafenib and its derivative SC-49 sensitize hepatocellular carcinoma cells to CS-1008, a humanized anti-TNFRSF10B (DR5) antibody. Br J Pharmacol 2013; 168:658-72. [PMID: 22978563 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2012.02212.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2011] [Revised: 07/13/2012] [Accepted: 08/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Previously, we have shown that sorafenib sensitizes hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) to apoptosis induced by TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TNFSF10; TRAIL). Here, we report that sorafenib and SC-49 sensitize HCC cells to CS-1008, a novel anti-human death receptor 5 (TNFRSF10B) antibody. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH HCC cell lines (PLC5, Huh-7, and Hep3B) were treated with CS-1008 and/or sorafenib and analysed in terms of apoptosis and signal transductions. KEY RESULTS SC-49 is a sorafenib derivative, which is devoid of kinase inhibitory activity. Both sorafenib and SC-49 down-regulated the phosphorylation of STAT3 at Tyr(705) and subsequently reduced the levels of STAT3-regulated proteins, Mcl-1, survivin and cylcin D1, in CS-1008-treated HCC cells. Knockdown of STAT3 by RNA interference overcame apoptotic resistance to CS-1008 in HCC cells, and ectopic expression of STAT3 in HCC cells abolished the sensitizing effects of sorafenib and SC-49 on CS-1008-induced apoptosis, indicating that inhibition of STAT3 mediates the enhancing effects of these compounds when combined with CS-1008. Importantly, inhibition of SHP-1 by adding a specific SHP-1 inhibitor reduced the effects of SC-49 and CS-1008 on p-STAT3 and apoptosis, whereas co-treatment of CS-1008 with SC-49 increased the activity of SHP-1. These data indicate that the combined effects of CS-1008 and SC-49 on HCC are mediated by SHP-1. Moreover, the combination of CS-1008 and SC-49 inhibited HCC xenograft tumour growth in vivo. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Sorafenib and its derivative SC-49 sensitize HCC cells to the antitumour effects of CS-1008 through SHP-1-dependent inactivation of STAT3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuen-Feng Chen
- Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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36
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Premkumar DR, Jane EP, Foster KA, Pollack IF. Survivin inhibitor YM-155 sensitizes tumor necrosis factor- related apoptosis-inducing ligand-resistant glioma cells to apoptosis through Mcl-1 downregulation and by engaging the mitochondrial death pathway. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2013; 346:201-10. [PMID: 23740602 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.113.204743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Induction of apoptosis by the death ligand tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a promising antitumor therapy. However, not all tumor cells are sensitive to TRAIL, highlighting the need for strategies to overcome TRAIL resistance. Inhibitor of apoptosis family member survivin is constitutively activated in various cancers and blocks apoptotic signaling. Recently, we demonstrated that YM-155 [3-(2-methoxyethyl)-2-methyl-4,9-dioxo-1-(pyrazin-2-ylmethyl)-4,9-dihydro-3H-naphtho[2,3-d]imidazol-1-ium bromide], a small molecule inhibitor, downregulates not only survivin in gliomas but also myeloid cell leukemia sequence 1 (Mcl-1), and it upregulates proapoptotic Noxa levels. Because Mcl-1 and survivin are critical mediators of resistance to various anticancer therapies, we questioned whether YM-155 could sensitize resistant glioma cells to TRAIL. To address this hypothesis, we combined YM-155 with TRAIL and examined the effects on cell survival and apoptotic signaling. TRAIL or YM-155 individually induced minimal killing in highly resistant U373 and LNZ308 cell lines, but combining TRAIL with YM-155 triggered a synergistic proapoptotic response, mediated through mitochondrial dysfunction via activation of caspases-8, -9, -7, -3, poly-ADP-ribose polymerase, and Bid. Apoptosis induced by combination treatments was blocked by caspase-8 and pan-caspase inhibitors. In addition, knockdown of Mcl-1 by RNA interference overcame apoptotic resistance to TRAIL. Conversely, silencing Noxa by RNA interference reduced the combined effects of YM-155 and TRAIL on apoptosis. Mechanistically, these findings indicate that YM-155 plays a role in counteracting glioma cell resistance to TRAIL-induced apoptosis by downregulating Mcl-1 and survivin and amplifying mitochondrial signaling through intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways. The significantly enhanced antitumor activity of the combination of YM-155 and TRAIL may have applications for therapy of malignant glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R Premkumar
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
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Flusberg DA, Sorger PK. Modulating cell-to-cell variability and sensitivity to death ligands by co-drugging. Phys Biol 2013; 10:035002. [PMID: 23735516 DOI: 10.1088/1478-3975/10/3/035002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
TRAIL (tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand) holds promise as an anti-cancer therapeutic but efficiently induces apoptosis in only a subset of tumor cell lines. Moreover, even in clonal populations of responsive lines, only a fraction of cells dies in response to TRAIL and individual cells exhibit cell-to-cell variability in the timing of cell death. Fractional killing in these cell populations appears to arise not from genetic differences among cells but rather from differences in gene expression states, fluctuations in protein levels and the extent to which TRAIL-induced death or survival pathways become activated. In this study, we ask how cell-to-cell variability manifests in cell types with different sensitivities to TRAIL, as well as how it changes when cells are exposed to combinations of drugs. We show that individual cells that survive treatment with TRAIL can regenerate the sensitivity and death-time distribution of the parental population, demonstrating that fractional killing is a stable property of cell populations. We also show that cell-to-cell variability in the timing and probability of apoptosis in response to treatment can be tuned using combinations of drugs that together increase apoptotic sensitivity compared to treatment with one drug alone. In the case of TRAIL, modulation of cell-to-cell variability by co-drugging appears to involve a reduction in the threshold for mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah A Flusberg
- Center for Cell Decision Processes, Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, 200 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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LIRDPRAPAMONGKOL KRIENGSAK, SAKURAI HIROAKI, ABDELHAMED SHERIF, YOKOYAMA SATORU, ATHIKOMKULCHAI SIRIVAN, VIRIYAROJ AMORNRAT, AWALE SURESH, RUCHIRAWAT SOMSAK, SVASTI JISNUSON, SAIKI IKUO. Chrysin overcomes TRAIL resistance of cancer cells through Mcl-1 downregulation by inhibiting STAT3 phosphorylation. Int J Oncol 2013; 43:329-37. [DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2013.1926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2012] [Accepted: 03/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Sorafenib inhibits lymphoma xenografts by targeting MAPK/ERK and AKT pathways in tumor and vascular cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e61603. [PMID: 23620775 PMCID: PMC3631141 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0061603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2012] [Accepted: 03/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The anti-lymphoma activity and mechanism(s) of action of the multikinase inhibitor sorafenib were investigated using a panel of lymphoma cell lines, including SU-DHL-4V, Granta-519, HD-MyZ, and KMS-11 cell lines. In vitro, sorafenib significantly decreased cell proliferation and phosphorylation levels of MAPK and PI3K/Akt pathways while increased apoptotic cell death. In vivo, sorafenib treatment resulted in a cytostatic rather than cytotoxic effect on tumor cell growth associated with a limited inhibition of tumor volumes. However, sorafenib induced an average 50% reduction of tumor vessel density and a 2-fold increase of necrotic areas. Upon sorafenib treatment, endothelial and tumor cells from SU-DHL-4V, Granta-519, and KMS-11 nodules showed a potent inhibition of either phospho-ERK or phospho-AKT, whereas a concomitant inhibition of phospho-ERK and phospho-AKT was only observed in HD-MyZ nodules. In conclusion, sorafenib affects the growth of lymphoid cell lines by triggering antiangiogenic mechanism(s) and directly targeting tumor cells.
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Wang S, Zhu Y, He H, Liu J, Xu L, Zhang H, Liu H, Liu W, Liu Y, Pan D, Chen L, Wu Q, Xu J, Gu J. Sorafenib suppresses growth and survival of hepatoma cells by accelerating degradation of enhancer of zeste homolog 2. Cancer Sci 2013; 104:750-9. [PMID: 23421437 DOI: 10.1111/cas.12132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2012] [Revised: 01/25/2013] [Accepted: 02/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) is a mammalian histone methyltransferase that contributes to the epigenetic silencing of target genes that regulate cancer cell growth and survival. It is overexpressed in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with a clinical significance that remains obscure. Sorafenib, a multikinase inhibitor, has been used as a first-line therapeutic drug and shown clinical efficiency for advanced-stage HCC patients. In the present study, we found that sorafenib lowered the protein level of EZH2 through accelerating proteasome-mediated EZH2 degradation in hepatoma cells. Overexpression of EZH2 reversed sorafenib-induced cell growth arrest, cell cycle arrest, and cell apoptosis dependent on histone methyltransferase activity in hepatoma cells. More importantly, shRNA-mediated EZH2 knockdown or EZH2 inhibition with 3-deazaneplanocin A treatment promoted sorafenib-induced hepatoma cell growth arrest and apoptosis. Sorafenib altered the hepatoma epigenome by reducing EZH2 and H3K27 trimethylation. These results revealed a novel therapeutic mechanism underlying sorafenib treatment in suppressing hepatoma growth and survival by accelerating EZH2 degradation. Genetic deletion or pharmacological ablation of EZH2 made hepatoma cells more sensitive to sorafenib, which helps provide a strong framework for exploring innovative combined therapies for advanced-stage HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
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41
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Barrett CL, Schwab RB, Jung H, Crain B, Goff DJ, Jamieson CHM, Thistlethwaite PA, Harismendy O, Carson DA, Frazer KA. Transcriptome sequencing of tumor subpopulations reveals a spectrum of therapeutic options for squamous cell lung cancer. PLoS One 2013; 8:e58714. [PMID: 23527012 PMCID: PMC3604164 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0058714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2012] [Accepted: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The only therapeutic options that exist for squamous cell lung carcinoma (SCC) are standard radiation and cytotoxic chemotherapy. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are hypothesized to account for therapeutic resistance, suggesting that CSCs must be specifically targeted. Here, we analyze the transcriptome of CSC and non-CSC subpopulations by RNA-seq to identify new potential therapeutic strategies for SCC. Methods We sorted a SCC into CD133− and CD133+ subpopulations and then examined both by copy number analysis (CNA) and whole genome and transcriptome sequencing. We analyzed The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) transcriptome data of 221 SCCs to determine the generality of our observations. Results Both subpopulations highly expressed numerous mRNA isoforms whose protein products are active drug targets for other cancers; 31 (25%) correspond to 18 genes under active investigation as mAb targets and an additional 4 (3%) are of therapeutic interest. Moreover, we found evidence that both subpopulations were proliferatively driven by very high levels of c-Myc and the TRAIL long isoform (TRAILL) and that normal apoptotic responses to high expression of these genes was prevented through high levels of Mcl-1L and Bcl-xL and c-FlipL—isoforms for which drugs are now in clinical development. SCC RNA-seq data (n = 221) from TCGA supported our findings. Our analysis is inconsistent with the CSC concept that most cells in a cancer have lost their proliferative potential. Furthermore, our study suggests how to target both the CSC and non-CSC subpopulations with one treatment strategy. Conclusions Our study is relevant to SCC in particular for it presents numerous potential options to standard therapy that target the entire tumor. In so doing, it demonstrates how transcriptome sequencing provides insights into the molecular underpinnings of cancer propagating cells that, importantly, can be leveraged to identify new potential therapeutic options for cancers beyond what is possible with DNA sequencing.
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MESH Headings
- AC133 Antigen
- Animals
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Apoptosis/genetics
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/therapy
- DNA Copy Number Variations
- DNA, Neoplasm/genetics
- Glycoproteins/metabolism
- Humans
- Lung Neoplasms/genetics
- Lung Neoplasms/pathology
- Lung Neoplasms/therapy
- Membrane Proteins/genetics
- Mice
- Mutation
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/classification
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/metabolism
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/pathology
- Peptides/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- RNA, Neoplasm/genetics
- RNA, Neoplasm/metabolism
- Transcriptome
- Transplantation, Heterologous
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian L. Barrett
- Moores UCSD Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics and Rady Children's Hospital, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Richard B. Schwab
- Moores UCSD Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Clinical and Translational Research Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - HyunChul Jung
- Moores UCSD Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Graduate Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Brian Crain
- Moores UCSD Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Daniel J. Goff
- Department of Medicine, Stem Cell and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Catriona H. M. Jamieson
- Department of Medicine, Stem Cell and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Patricia A. Thistlethwaite
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Olivier Harismendy
- Moores UCSD Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics and Rady Children's Hospital, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Clinical and Translational Research Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Dennis A. Carson
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Kelly A. Frazer
- Moores UCSD Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics and Rady Children's Hospital, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Clinical and Translational Research Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Macdonald DA, Assouline SE, Brandwein J, Kamel-Reid S, Eisenhauer EA, Couban S, Caplan S, Foo A, Walsh W, Leber B. A phase I/II study of sorafenib in combination with low dose cytarabine in elderly patients with acute myeloid leukemia or high-risk myelodysplastic syndrome from the National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group: trial IND.186. Leuk Lymphoma 2012; 54:760-6. [PMID: 23061485 DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2012.737917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Sorafenib is active in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). The National Cancer Institute of Canada (NCIC) Clinical Trials Group initiated a phase I/II study of the combination of sorafenib with cytarabine in older patients with AML or high-risk MDS who were unsuitable for intensive chemotherapy. FLT3 mutational status was determined in all patients. Twenty-one patients were enrolled (four MDS, 17 AML) with a median age of 77 years. The recommended phase II dose (RP2D) was cytarabine 10 mg bid days 1-10 and sorafenib 600 mg/day days 2-28. Dose-limiting toxicities were fatigue, sepsis and skin rash. Of 15 evaluable patients treated at the RP2D, two patients responded. The overall response rate for eligible patients was 10%. FLT3 mutations were found in only three patients. We conclude that this combination of sorafenib and cytarabine has limited activity in this unselected cohort of elderly patients with AML/MDS in which FLT3 mutations seemed underrepresented.
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43
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Lainey E, Wolfromm A, Marie N, Enot D, Scoazec M, Bouteloup C, Leroy C, Micol JB, De Botton S, Galluzzi L, Fenaux P, Kroemer G. Azacytidine and erlotinib exert synergistic effects against acute myeloid leukemia. Oncogene 2012; 32:4331-42. [DOI: 10.1038/onc.2012.469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2012] [Revised: 08/17/2012] [Accepted: 08/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Retnakumari AP, Hanumanthu PL, Malarvizhi GL, Prabhu R, Sidharthan N, Thampi MV, Menon D, Mony U, Menon K, Keechilat P, Nair S, Koyakutty M. Rationally designed aberrant kinase-targeted endogenous protein nanomedicine against oncogene mutated/amplified refractory chronic myeloid leukemia. Mol Pharm 2012; 9:3062-78. [PMID: 22971013 DOI: 10.1021/mp300172e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Deregulated protein kinases play a very critical role in tumorigenesis, metastasis, and drug resistance of cancer. Although molecularly targeted small molecule kinase inhibitors (SMI) are effective against many types of cancer, point mutations in the kinase domain impart drug resistance, a major challenge in the clinic. A classic example is chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) caused by BCR-ABL fusion protein, wherein a BCR-ABL kinase inhibitor, imatinib (IM), was highly successful in the early chronic phase of the disease, but failed in the advanced stages due to amplification of oncogene or point mutations in the drug-binding site of kinase domain. Here, by identifying critical molecular pathways responsible for the drug-resistance in refractory CML patient samples and a model cell line, we have rationally designed an endogenous protein nanomedicine targeted to both cell surface receptors and aberrantly activated secondary kinase in the oncogenic network. Molecular diagnosis revealed that, in addition to point mutations and amplification of oncogenic BCR-ABL kinase, relapsed/refractory patients exhibited significant activation of STAT5 signaling with correlative overexpression of transferrin receptors (TfR) on the cell membrane. Accordingly, we have developed a human serum albumin (HSA) based nanomedicine, loaded with STAT5 inhibitor (sorafenib), and surface conjugated the same with holo-transferrin (Tf) ligands for TfR specific delivery. This dual-targeted "transferrin conjugated albumin bound sorafenib" nanomedicine (Tf-nAlb-Soraf), prepared using aqueous nanoprecipitation method, displayed uniform spherical morphology with average size of ∼150 nm and drug encapsulation efficiency of ∼74%. TfR specific uptake and enhanced antileukemic activity of the nanomedicine was found maximum in the most drug resistant patient sample having the highest level of STAT5 and TfR expression, thereby confirming the accuracy of our rational design and potential of dual-targeting approach. The nanomedicine induced downregulation of key survival pathways such as pSTAT5 and antiapoptotic protein MCL-1 was demonstrated using immunoblotting. This study reveals that, by implementing molecular diagnosis, personalized nanomedicines can be rationally designed and nanoengineered by imparting therapeutic functionality to endogenous proteins to overcome clinically important challenges like molecular drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana P Retnakumari
- Amrita Center for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Vishwavidyapeetham University, Cochin, India
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Molinsky J, Klanova M, Koc M, Beranova L, Andera L, Ludvikova Z, Bohmova M, Gasova Z, Strnad M, Ivanek R, Trneny M, Necas E, Zivny J, Klener P. Roscovitine sensitizes leukemia and lymphoma cells to tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand-induced apoptosis. Leuk Lymphoma 2012; 54:372-80. [PMID: 22830613 DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2012.710331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a death ligand with selective antitumor activity. However, many primary tumors are TRAIL resistant. Previous studies reported that roscovitine, a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, sensitized various solid cancer cells to TRAIL. We show that roscovitine and TRAIL demonstrate synergistic cytotoxicity in hematologic malignant cell lines and primary cells. Pretreatment of TRAIL-resistant leukemia cells with roscovitine induced enhanced cleavage of death-inducing signaling complex-bound proximal caspases after exposure to TRAIL. We observed increased levels of both pro- and antiapoptotic BCL-2 proteins at the mitochondria following exposure to roscovitine. These results suggest that roscovitine induces priming of cancer cells for death by binding antiapoptotic BCL-2 proteins to proapoptotic BH3-only proteins at the mitochondria, thereby decreasing the threshold for diverse proapoptotic stimuli. We propose that the mitochondrial priming and enhanced processing of apical caspases represent major molecular mechanisms of roscovitine-induced sensitization to TRAIL in leukemia/lymphoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Molinsky
- Institute of Pathological Physiology, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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Kharaziha P, De Raeve H, Fristedt C, Li Q, Gruber A, Johnsson P, Kokaraki G, Panzar M, Laane E, Osterborg A, Zhivotovsky B, Jernberg-Wiklund H, Grandér D, Celsing F, Björkholm M, Vanderkerken K, Panaretakis T. Sorafenib has potent antitumor activity against multiple myeloma in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo in the 5T33MM mouse model. Cancer Res 2012; 72:5348-62. [PMID: 22952216 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-12-0658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a B-cell malignancy characterized by the expansion of clonal plasma blasts/plasma cells within the bone marrow that relies on multiple signaling cascades, including tyrosine kinase activated pathways, to proliferate and evade cell death. Despite emerging new treatment strategies, multiple myeloma remains at present incurable. Thus, novel approaches targeting several signaling cascades by using the multi-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), sorafenib, seem a promising treatment approach for multiple myeloma. Here, we show that sorafenib induces cell death in multiple myeloma cell lines and in CD138(+)-enriched primary multiple myeloma patient samples in a caspase-dependent and -independent manner. Furthermore, sorafenib has a strong antitumoral and -angiogenic activity in the 5T33MM mouse model leading to increased overall survival. Multiple myeloma cells undergo autophagy in response to sorafenib, and inhibition of this cytoprotective pathway potentiated the efficacy of this TKI. Mcl-1, a survival factor in multiple myeloma, is downregulated at the protein level by sorafenib allowing for the execution of cell death, as ectopic overexpression of this protein protects multiple myeloma cells. Concomitant targeting of Mcl-1 by sorafenib and of Bcl-2/Bcl-xL by the antagonist ABT737 improves the efficacy of sorafenib in multiple myeloma cell lines and CD138(+)-enriched primary cells in the presence of bone marrow stromal cells. Altogether, our data support the use of sorafenib as a novel therapeutic modality against human multiple myeloma, and its efficacy may be potentiated in combination with ABT737.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedram Kharaziha
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Cancer Centre Karolinska, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
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Lee SH, Meng XW, Flatten KS, Loegering DA, Kaufmann SH. Phosphatidylserine exposure during apoptosis reflects bidirectional trafficking between plasma membrane and cytoplasm. Cell Death Differ 2012; 20:64-76. [PMID: 22858544 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2012.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphatidylserine (PS) exposure on the external leaflet of the plasma membrane is widely observed during apoptosis and forms the basis for the annexin V binding assay to detect apoptotic cell death. Current efforts to explain PS exposure focus on two potential mechanisms, activation of a phospholipid scramblase or calcium-mediated trafficking of lysosomes to the cell surface. Here, we provide evidence that apoptotic PS exposure instead reflects bidirectional trafficking of membrane between the cell surface and cytoplasm. Using a series of cell lines, some of which expose large amounts of PS during apoptosis and some of which do not, we demonstrate that accumulation of plasma membrane-derived cytoplasmic vesicles in a dynamin-, clathrin- and Cdc42-independent manner is a previously undescribed but widely occurring feature of apoptosis. The apoptotic exposure of PS occurs when these vesicles traffic back to cell surface in a calcium-dependent process that is deficient in a substantial fraction of human cancer cell lines. These observations provide a new model for PS externalization during apoptosis and simultaneously identify an altered step that accounts for the paucity of apoptotic PS exposure in many cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- S-H Lee
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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Martín-Pérez R, Niwa M, López-Rivas A. ER stress sensitizes cells to TRAIL through down-regulation of FLIP and Mcl-1 and PERK-dependent up-regulation of TRAIL-R2. Apoptosis 2012; 17:349-63. [PMID: 22072062 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-011-0673-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Despite recent evidences suggesting that agents inducing endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress could be exploited as potential antitumor drugs in combination with tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), the mechanisms of this anticancer action are not fully understood. Moreover, the effects of ER stress and TRAIL in nontransformed cells remain to be investigated. In this study we report that ER stress-inducing agents sensitizes both transformed and nontransformed cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis. In addition, glucose-regulated protein of 78 kDa (GRP78) knockdown by RNA interference induces ER stress and facilitates apoptosis by TRAIL. We demonstrate that TRAIL death-inducing signaling complex (DISC) formation and early signaling are enhanced in ER stressed cells. ER stress alters the cellular levels of different apoptosis-related proteins including a decline in the levels of FLIP and Mcl-1 and the up-regulation of TRAIL-R2. Up-regulation of TRAIL-R2 following ER stress is dependent on the expression of PKR-like ER kinase (PERK) and independent of CAAT/enhancer binding protein homologous protein (CHOP) and Ire1α. Silencing of TRAIL-R2 expression by siRNA blocks the ER stress-mediated sensitization to TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, simultaneous silencing of cFLIP and Mcl-1 expression by RNA interference results in a marked sensitization to TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Finally, in FLIP-overexpressing cells ER stress-induced sensitization to TRAIL-activated apoptosis is markedly reduced. In summary, our data reveal a pleiotropic mechanism involving both apoptotic and anti-apoptotic proteins for the sensitizing effect of ER stress on the regulation of TRAIL receptor-mediated apoptosis in both transformed and nontransformed cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Martín-Pérez
- Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Sevilla, Spain
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Song T, Chang X, Zhang Z, Liu Y, Shen X. S1, a novel pan-BH3 mimetic, induces apoptosis in Mcl-1-overexpressing cells through Bak. J Pharmacol Sci 2012; 119:330-40. [PMID: 22814102 DOI: 10.1254/jphs.12103fp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Mcl-1, an anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 homolog that has a structurally divergent BH3-binding pocket, non-redundant action model, and unique characteristic of short life confers complete resistance to the BH3 mimetic ABT-737. Herein, we used S1, previously identified as a Mcl-1/Bcl-2 dual inhibitor and a pure BH3 mimetic, to explore the mechanism of Mcl-1's action and supply a strategy to challenge Mcl-1's protection. Apoptosis assay in SMMC-7721, HCT116, and K562 cells demonstrated that S1 can effectively challenge Mcl-1's anti-apoptotic effect. Notably, we discovered an unexpected dynamic change of Mcl-1 that directly correlates with resistance or commitment to apoptosis induced by both ABT-737 and S1. Co-immunoprecipitation assays demonstrated that Mcl-1 increase results from Bim trafficking from Bcl-2 to Mcl-1, while subsequent Bak released by S1 determines Mcl-1 decrease and full-blown apoptosis. Further experiments using Bak shRNA testified that Bak accounts for S1-induced apoptosis and Mcl-1 decrease. Consistently, Bax-deficient DU145 cells are sensitive to S1, whereas Bak-mutant MKN-28 cells are significantly more resistant. The in vitro model could be extended to an in vivo mouse xenograft model in which Mcl-1 confers resistance by increased protein level, and the release of Bak could serve as a biomarker of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Song
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, People's Republic of China
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Wang L, Jia D, Duan F, Sun Z, Liu X, Zhou L, Sun L, Ren S, Ruan Y, Gu J. Combined anti-tumor effects of IFN-α and sorafenib on hepatocellular carcinoma in vitro and in vivo. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012; 422:687-92. [PMID: 22634008 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.05.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2012] [Accepted: 05/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is among the most common and aggressive cancers worldwide, and novel therapeutic strategies are urgently required to improve clinical outcome. Interferon-alpha (IFN-α) and sorafenib are widely used as anti-tumor agents against various malignancies. In this study, we investigated the combined effects of IFN-α and sorafenib against HCC. We demonstrated that the combination therapy synergistically suppressed HCC cellular viability, arrested cell cycle propagation and induced apoptosis in HCC cells. Further research revealed that IFN-α and sorafenib collaboratively regulated the expression levels of cell cycle-related proteins Cyclin A and Cyclin B as well as the pro-survival Bcl-2 family proteins Mcl-1, Bcl-2 and Bcl-X(L). Moreover, sorafenib inhibited IFN-α induced oncogenic signaling of STAT3, AKT and ERK but not the activation of the tumor suppressor STAT1. Xenograft experiments also confirmed the combined effects of IFN-α and sorafenib on tumor growth inhibition and apoptosis induction in vivo. In conclusion, these results provide rationale for the clinical application of IFN-α and sorafenib combination therapy in HCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijing Wang
- Gene Research Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China
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