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Xu H, Liang S, Hu J, Liu W, Dong Z, Wei S. Deltex E3 ubiquitin ligase 3 inhibits colorectal cancer cell growth and regulates cell cycle progression via upregulating E2F transcription factor 1. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:1661-1668. [PMID: 35098394 PMCID: PMC8863771 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06916-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mortality rate of colorectal cancer (CRC) remains high in developing countries. Interventions that can inhibit the proliferation of tumor cells represent promising strategies in CRC treatment. Deltex E3 ubiquitin ligase 3 (DTX3) plays an essential role in tumor development and may predict the outcome of cancer patients. This study aimed to investigate the regulatory mechanisms of DTX3 in CRC progression. METHODS AND RESULTS The expression of DTX3 was significantly downregulated in CRC tissues relative to normal colorectal tissues. DTX3 overexpression inhibited, while DTX3 knockout promoted the colony-forming capacity and proliferation of CRC cells. E2F transcription factor 1 (E2F1) is a key mediator of cell cycle progression that participates in the progression, metastasis, and chemoresistance of CRC. Further analysis revealed that DTX3 regulated the transcriptional activity of E2F1 in CRC cells. The transcription by E2F1 was significantly reduced with the increase in the cellular level of DTX3, while DTX3 knockout exerted an opposite effect. DTX3 knockout also increased the expression of E2F1 target genes involved in cell cycle progression, CDC2 and Cyclin D3, while PD 0332991, an inhibitor of E2F1 transcription, inhibited the expression of both proteins. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, DTX3 regulated CRC cell growth via regulating E2F1 and its downstream genes. These findings support further exploration of DTX3 as a potential therapeutic target for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongli Xu
- College of Biomedicine and Health, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Cancer Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Colorectal Cancer Medical Research Center of Hubei, Wuhan, China
| | - Shengnan Liang
- College of Biomedicine and Health, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Junjie Hu
- Hubei Cancer Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Colorectal Cancer Medical Research Center of Hubei, Wuhan, China
| | - Wentong Liu
- College of Biomedicine and Health, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhiqiang Dong
- College of Biomedicine and Health, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Cancer Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Brain Research Institute, Taihe Hospital, Shiyan, China
| | - Shaozhong Wei
- College of Biomedicine and Health, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.
- Hubei Cancer Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
- Colorectal Cancer Medical Research Center of Hubei, Wuhan, China.
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2
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Sui Q, Liu D, Jiang W, Tang J, Kong L, Han K, Liao L, Li Y, Ou Q, Xiao B, Liu G, Ling Y, Chen J, Liu Z, Zuo Z, Pan Z, Zhou P, Zheng J, Ding PR. Dickkopf 1 impairs the tumor response to PD-1 blockade by inactivating CD8+ T cells in deficient mismatch repair colorectal cancer. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 9:e001498. [PMID: 33782107 PMCID: PMC8009229 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2020-001498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dickkopf 1 (DKK1) is associated with tumor progression. However, whether DKK1 influences the tumor response to programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) blockade in colorectal cancers (CRCs) with deficient mismatch repair (dMMR) or microsatellite instability (MSI) has never been clarified. METHODS Tumor tissues from 80 patients with dMMR CRC were evaluated for DKK1 expression and immune status via immunohistochemistry. Serum DKK1 was measured in another set of 43 patients who received PD-1 blockade therapy. CT26 cells and dMMR CRC organoids were cocultured with T cells, and CT26-grafted BALB/c mice were also constructed. T-cell cytotoxicity was assessed by apoptosis assays and flow cytometry. The pathway through which DKK1 regulates CD8+ T cells was investigated using RNA sequencing, and chromatin immunoprecipitation and luciferase reporter assays were conducted to determine the downstream transcription factors of DKK1. RESULTS Elevated DKK1 expression was associated with recurrence and decreased CD8+ T-cell infiltration in dMMR CRCs, and patients with high-serum DKK1 had a poor response to PD-1 blockade. RNA interference or neutralization of DKK1 in CRC cells enhanced CD8+ T-cell cytotoxicity, while DKK1 decreased T-bet expression and activated GSK3β in CD8+ T cells. In addition, E2F1, a downstream transcription factor of GSK3β, directly upregulated T-bet expression. In organoid models, the proportion of apoptotic cells was elevated after individual neutralization of PD-1 or DKK1 and was further increased on combined neutralization of PD-1 and DKK1. CONCLUSIONS DKK1 suppressed the antitumor immune reaction through the GSK3β/E2F1/T-bet axis in CD8+ T cells. Elevated serum DKK1 predicted poor tumor response to PD-1 blockade in dMMR/MSI CRCs, and DKK1 neutralization may restore sensitivity to PD-1 blockade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoqi Sui
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dingxin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wu Jiang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinghua Tang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lingheng Kong
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kai Han
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Leen Liao
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingjian Ou
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Binyi Xiao
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guochen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, , Guangzhou, China
| | - Yihong Ling
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiewei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zexian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhixiang Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhizhong Pan
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Penghui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pei-Rong Ding
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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3
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A single-cell Raman-based platform to identify developmental stages of human pluripotent stem cell-derived neurons. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:18412-18423. [PMID: 32694205 PMCID: PMC7414136 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2001906117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We developed a label-free and noninvasive single-cell Raman microspectroscopy (SCRM)-based platform to identify neural cell lineages derived from clinically relevant human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). Through large-scale Raman spectral analysis, we can distinguish hiPSCs and hiPSC-derived neural cells using their intrinsic biochemical profile. We identified glycogen as a Raman biomarker for neuronal differentiation and validated the results using conventional glycogen detection assays. The parameters obtained from SCRM were processed by a novel machine learning method based on t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (t-SNE)-enhanced ensemble stacking, enabling highly accurate and robust cell classification. The platform and the proposed biomarker should also be applicable to other cell types and can shed light on developmental biology and glycogen metabolism disorders. Stem cells with the capability to self-renew and differentiate into multiple cell derivatives provide platforms for drug screening and promising treatment options for a wide variety of neural diseases. Nevertheless, clinical applications of stem cells have been hindered partly owing to a lack of standardized techniques to characterize cell molecular profiles noninvasively and comprehensively. Here, we demonstrate that a label-free and noninvasive single-cell Raman microspectroscopy (SCRM) platform was able to identify neural cell lineages derived from clinically relevant human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). By analyzing the intrinsic biochemical profiles of single cells at a large scale (8,774 Raman spectra in total), iPSCs and iPSC-derived neural cells can be distinguished by their intrinsic phenotypic Raman spectra. We identified a Raman biomarker from glycogen to distinguish iPSCs from their neural derivatives, and the result was verified by the conventional glycogen detection assays. Further analysis with a machine learning classification model, utilizing t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (t-SNE)-enhanced ensemble stacking, clearly categorized hiPSCs in different developmental stages with 97.5% accuracy. The present study demonstrates the capability of the SCRM-based platform to monitor cell development using high content screening with a noninvasive and label-free approach. This platform as well as our identified biomarker could be extensible to other cell types and can potentially have a high impact on neural stem cell therapy.
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4
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Wang D, Zhao J, Li S, Wei J, Nan L, Mallampalli RK, Weathington NM, Ma H, Zhao Y. Phosphorylated E2F1 is stabilized by nuclear USP11 to drive Peg10 gene expression and activate lung epithelial cells. J Mol Cell Biol 2019; 10:60-73. [PMID: 28992046 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjx034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphorylation affects ubiquitination, stability, and activity of transcriptional factors, thus regulating various cellular functions. E2F transcriptional factor 1 (E2F1) regulates paternally expressed imprinted gene 10 (Peg10) expression, thereby promoting cell proliferation. However, the effect of E2F1 stability on Peg10 expression and the molecular regulation of E2F1 stability by its phosphorylation have not been well demonstrated. Here, we describe a new pathway in which phosphorylation of E2F1 by GSK3β increases E2F1 association with the deubiquitinating enzyme, ubiquitin-specific protease 11 (USP11), which removes K63-linked ubiquitin chains thereby preventing E2F1 degradation in the nuclei. Downregulation of USP11 increases E2F1 ubiquitination and reduces E2F1 stability and protein levels, thereby decreasing Peg10 mRNA levels. Physiologically, USP11 depletion suppresses cell proliferation and wound healing in lung epithelial cells, and these effects are reversed by E2F1 and PEG10 overexpression. Thus, our study reveals a new molecular model that phosphorylation promotes substrate stability through increasing its association with a deubiquitinating enzyme. The data suggest that GSK3β and USP11 act in concert to modulate E2F1 abundance and PEG10 expression in lung epithelial cells to affect cell wound healing. This study provides new therapeutic targets to lessen lung injury by improving lung epithelial cell repair and remodeling after injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wang
- Department of Anesthesia, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Shuang Li
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA.,Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jianxin Wei
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Ling Nan
- Department of Anesthesia, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Rama K Mallampalli
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA.,Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence and Vascular Medical Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Nathaniel M Weathington
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA.,Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence and Vascular Medical Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Haichun Ma
- Department of Anesthesia, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yutong Zhao
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA.,Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence and Vascular Medical Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
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5
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Melatonin in Alzheimer’s Disease: A Latent Endogenous Regulator of Neurogenesis to Mitigate Alzheimer’s Neuropathology. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 56:8255-8276. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-01660-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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6
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Wang Y, Zhao J, Cao C, Yan Y, Chen J, Feng F, Zhou N, Han S, Xu Y, Zhao J, Yan Y, Cui H. The role of E2F1-topoIIβ signaling in regulation of cell cycle exit and neuronal differentiation of human SH-SY5Y cells. Differentiation 2018; 104:1-12. [PMID: 30216786 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2018.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to test the role of E2F1-topoIIβ signaling in neuronal differentiation of SH-SY5Y cells. With retinoic acid (RA) induction, a high percentage of cells were found to be arrested at the G0/G1 phase, with decreased levels of cyclinD1, CDK4, phosphorylation status of pRb and E2F1, in addition to an elevated level of p27. The cells were shown to differentiate into neuronal phenotypes characterized by highly expressed neuronal markers, MAP2 and enriched topoIIβ, and remarkable neurite outgrowth. Exogenously forced E2F1 expression with a specific E2F1 plasmid led to suppression of topoIIβ expression and disruption of the neuronal differentiation of SH-SY5Y cells. On further examination using the ChIP assay, we found that E2F1 bound directly to the promoter region of topoIIβ, and its binding ability was inversely correlated with topoIIβ expression in response to RA induction. Thus, our findings suggest that E2F1-topoIIβ signaling may play a role in regulation of cell cycle exit and neuronal differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanling Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, Hebei Medical University, 050017 Hebei, PR China
| | - Junxia Zhao
- Department of Cell Biology, Hebei Medical University, 050017 Hebei, PR China
| | - Cuili Cao
- Department of Human Anatomy, Hebei Medical University, Hebei, PR China
| | - Yongxin Yan
- Department of Cell Biology, Hebei Medical University, 050017 Hebei, PR China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Cell Biology, Hebei Medical University, 050017 Hebei, PR China
| | - Fan Feng
- Department of Cell Biology, Hebei Medical University, 050017 Hebei, PR China
| | - Najing Zhou
- Department of Cell Biology, Hebei Medical University, 050017 Hebei, PR China
| | - Shuo Han
- Department of Human Anatomy, Hebei Medical University, Hebei, PR China
| | - Yannan Xu
- Department of Cell Biology, Hebei Medical University, 050017 Hebei, PR China
| | - Juan Zhao
- Department of Cell Biology, Hebei Medical University, 050017 Hebei, PR China
| | - Yunli Yan
- Department of Cell Biology, Hebei Medical University, 050017 Hebei, PR China.
| | - Huixian Cui
- Department of Human Anatomy, Hebei Medical University, Hebei, PR China
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7
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Singh RK, Dagnino L. CDH1 regulates E2F1 degradation in response to differentiation signals in keratinocytes. Oncotarget 2018; 8:4977-4993. [PMID: 27903963 PMCID: PMC5354885 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The E2F1 transcription factor plays key roles in skin homeostasis. In the epidermis, E2F1 expression is essential for normal proliferation of undifferentiated keratinocytes, regeneration after injury and DNA repair following UV radiation-induced photodamage. Abnormal E2F1 expression promotes nonmelanoma skin carcinoma. In addition, E2F1 must be downregulated for proper keratinocyte differentiation, but the relevant mechanisms involved remain poorly understood. We show that differentiation signals induce a series of post-translational modifications in E2F1 that are jointly required for its downregulation. Analysis of the structural determinants that govern these processes revealed a central role for S403 and T433. In particular, substitution of these two amino acid residues with non-phosphorylatable alanine (E2F1 ST/A) interferes with E2F1 nuclear export, K11- and K48-linked polyubiquitylation and degradation in differentiated keratinocytes. In contrast, replacement of S403 and T433 with phosphomimetic aspartic acid to generate a pseudophosphorylated E2F1 mutant protein (E2F1 ST/D) generates a protein that is regulated in a manner indistinguishable from that of wild type E2F1. Cdh1 is an activating cofactor that interacts with the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) ubiquitin E3 ligase, promoting proteasomal degradation of various substrates. We found that Cdh1 associates with E2F1 in keratinocytes. Inhibition or RNAi-mediated silencing of Cdh1 prevents E2F1 degradation in response to differentiation signals. Our results reveal novel regulatory mechanisms that jointly modulate post-translational modifications and downregulation of E2F1, which are necessary for proper epidermal keratinocyte differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randeep K Singh
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Children's Health Research Institute and Lawson Health Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Lina Dagnino
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Children's Health Research Institute and Lawson Health Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5C1, Canada
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8
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Zhang L, Xie F, Zhang J, Dijke PT, Zhou F. SUMO-triggered ubiquitination of NR4A1 controls macrophage cell death. Cell Death Differ 2017. [PMID: 28622293 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2017.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear receptor NR4A1 has been implicated as a key regulator in a wide range of pathophysiological responses. As an immediate early response gene, NR4A1 can be rapidly and potently induced by a variety of stimuli. Its induction is followed by its rapid degradation, but the mechanism by which NR4A1 is degraded remains poorly understood. Here we show that nuclear receptor NR4A1 is sumoylated by SUMO2/3. Upon poly-SUMO modification, NR4A1 can be targeted by the SUMO-dependent E3 ubiquitin ligase RNF4 for polyubiquitination and subsequent degradation. The SUMO E3 ligase PIAS3 promotes SUMOylation and polyubiquitination of NR4A1, while the SUMO protease SENP1 acts to de-conjugate SUMO. We demonstrate that this pathway is important for rapid degradation of NR4A1 after induced by stress. Moreover, we identify two SUMO modification sites in NR4A1 that are critical for maintaining low levels of NR4A1 expression. Mutation of these two NR4A1 SUMO modification sites enhances the stability of NR4A1. Importantly, we show that SUMOylation is critical in controlling NR4A1 function in inflammatory cytokine signaling and controlling macrophage cell death. SUMOylation and subsequent ubiquitination on NR4A1 mitigates its inhibition of innate immune signaling, such as TNF-α- and IL-1β-induced NF-κB activation. This mechanism of sequential SUMOylation and ubiquitination, which together control the degradation of NR4A1, could be exploited for the therapeutic treatment of diseases with NR4A1 involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Zhang
- Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Feng Xie
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Juan Zhang
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Centre for Biomedical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Postbus 9600 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Ten Dijke
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Centre for Biomedical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Postbus 9600 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Fangfang Zhou
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China
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Kim KH, Yeo SG, Yoo BC, Myung JK. Identification of calgranulin B interacting proteins and network analysis in gastrointestinal cancer cells. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0171232. [PMID: 28152021 PMCID: PMC5289589 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0171232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Calgranulin B is known to be involved in tumor development, but the underlying molecular mechanism is not clear. To gain insight into possible roles of calgranulin B, we screened for calgranulin B-interacting molecules in the SNU-484 gastric cancer and the SNU-81 colon cancer cells. Calgranulin B-interacting partners were identified by yeast two-hybrid and functional information was obtained by computational analysis. Most of the calgranulin B-interacting partners were involved in metabolic and cellular processes, and found to have molecular function of binding and catalytic activities. Interestingly, 46 molecules in the network of the calgranulin B-interacting proteins are known to be associated with cancer and FKBP2 was found to interact with calgranulin B in both SNU-484 and SNU-81 cells. Polyubiquitin-C encoded by UBC, which exhibited an interaction with calgranulin B, has been associated with various molecules of the extracellular space and plasma membrane identified in our screening, including Na-K-Cl cotransporter 1 and dystonin in SNU-484 cells, and ATPase subunit beta-1 in SNU-81 cells. Our data provide novel insight into the roles of calgranulin B of gastrointestinal cancer cells, and offer new clues suggesting calgranulin B acts as an effector molecule through which the cell can communicate with the tumor microenvironment via polyubiquitin-C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Hee Kim
- Omics Core Laboratory, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
- Colorectal Cancer Branch, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Gu Yeo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Chungnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Byong Chul Yoo
- Colorectal Cancer Branch, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Kyung Myung
- Department of System Cancer Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
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10
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Shukla M, Govitrapong P, Boontem P, Reiter RJ, Satayavivad J. Mechanisms of Melatonin in Alleviating Alzheimer's Disease. Curr Neuropharmacol 2017; 15:1010-1031. [PMID: 28294066 PMCID: PMC5652010 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x15666170313123454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Revised: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic, progressive and prevalent neurodegenerative disease characterized by the loss of higher cognitive functions and an associated loss of memory. The thus far "incurable" stigma for AD prevails because of variations in the success rates of different treatment protocols in animal and human studies. Among the classical hypotheses explaining AD pathogenesis, the amyloid hypothesis is currently being targeted for drug development. The underlying concept is to prevent the formation of these neurotoxic peptides which play a central role in AD pathology and trigger a multispectral cascade of neurodegenerative processes post-aggregation. This could possibly be achieved by pharmacological inhibition of β- or γ-secretase or stimulating the nonamyloidogenic α-secretase. Melatonin the pineal hormone is a multifunctioning indoleamine. Production of this amphiphilic molecule diminishes with advancing age and this decrease runs parallel with the progression of AD which itself explains the potential benefits of melatonin in line of development and devastating consequences of the disease progression. Our recent studies have revealed a novel mechanism by which melatonin stimulates the nonamyloidogenic processing and inhibits the amyloidogenic processing of β-amyloid precursor protein (βAPP) by stimulating α -secretases and consequently down regulating both β- and γ-secretases at the transcriptional level. In this review, we discuss and evaluate the neuroprotective functions of melatonin in AD pathogenesis, including its role in the classical hypotheses in cellular and animal models and clinical interventions in AD patients, and suggest that with early detection, melatonin treatment is qualified to be an anti-AD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayuri Shukla
- Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, 54 Kamphaeng Phet 6 Road, Lak Si, Bangkok10210, Thailand
| | - Piyarat Govitrapong
- Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, 54 Kamphaeng Phet 6 Road, Lak Si, Bangkok10210, Thailand
- Research Center for Neuroscience, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakornpathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Parichart Boontem
- Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, 54 Kamphaeng Phet 6 Road, Lak Si, Bangkok10210, Thailand
| | - Russel J. Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Jutamaad Satayavivad
- Chulabhorn Research Institute and Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok10210, Thailand
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Ertosun MG, Hapil FZ, Osman Nidai O. E2F1 transcription factor and its impact on growth factor and cytokine signaling. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2016; 31:17-25. [PMID: 26947516 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2016.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
E2F1 is a transcription factor involved in cell cycle regulation and apoptosis. The transactivation capacity of E2F1 is regulated by pRb. In its hypophosphorylated form, pRb binds and inactivates DNA binding and transactivating functions of E2F1. The growth factor stimulation of cells leads to activation of CDKs (cyclin dependent kinases), which in turn phosphorylate Rb and hyperphosphorylated Rb is released from E2F1 or E2F1/DP complex, and free E2F1 can induce transcription of several genes involved in cell cycle entry, induction or inhibition of apoptosis. Thus, growth factors and cytokines generally utilize E2F1 to direct cells to either fate. Furthermore, E2F1 regulates expressions of various cytokines and growth factor receptors, establishing positive or negative feedback mechanisms. This review focuses on the relationship between E2F1 transcription factor and cytokines (IL-1, IL-2, IL-3, IL-6, TGF-beta, G-CSF, LIF), growth factors (EGF, KGF, VEGF, IGF, FGF, PDGF, HGF, NGF), and interferons (IFN-α, IFN-β and IFN-γ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Gokhan Ertosun
- Akdeniz University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology and Genetic, Kampus, Antalya 07070, Turkey
| | - Fatma Zehra Hapil
- Akdeniz University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology and Genetic, Kampus, Antalya 07070, Turkey
| | - Ozes Osman Nidai
- Akdeniz University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology and Genetic, Kampus, Antalya 07070, Turkey.
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Interrupted E2F1-miR-34c-SCF negative feedback loop by hyper-methylation promotes colorectal cancer cell proliferation. Biosci Rep 2015; 36:e00293. [PMID: 26704889 PMCID: PMC4741184 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20150290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
E2F1 promoted miR-34c transcription which reduced its target stem cell factor (SCF) and inhibited colorectal cancer (CRC) cell proliferation. While, SCF increased E2F1 production, suggesting an existence of E2F1-miR-34c-SCF negative feedback loop, which was interrupted by hyper-methylation of miR-34c promoter in CRC cells. Tumour suppressor miR-34c deficiency resulted from hyper-methylation in its promoter is believed to be one of the main causes of colorectal cancer (CRC). Till date, miR-34c has been validated as a direct target of p53; but previous evidence suggested other transcription factor(s) must be involved in miR-34c transcription. In the present study, we in the first place identified a core promoter region (−1118 to −883 bp) of pre-miR-34c which was embedded within a hyper-methylated CpG island. Secondly, E2F1 promoted miR-34c transcription by physical interaction with the miR-34c promoter at site −897 to −889 bp. The transcriptional activating effect of E2F1 on miR-34c was in a p53 independent manner but profoundly promoted in the presence of p53 with exposure to 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine (DAC). Thirdly, stem cell factor (SCF), a miR-34c target, was specifically reduced upon an introduction of E2F1 which lead to suppression of CRC cell proliferation. The E2F1-suppressed cell proliferation was partially abrogated by additional miR-34c inhibitor, indicating that the anti-proliferation effect of E2F1 was probably through activating miR-34c-SCF axis. Finally, SCF/KIT signalling increased E2F1 production by reducing its proteosomal degradation dependent on PI3K/Akt-GSK3β pathway. In conclusion, our results suggested the existence of E2F1-miR-34c-SCF negative feedback loop which was interrupted by the hyper-methylation of miR-34c promoter in CRC cells and increased cell proliferation.
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Ma Q, Hu QS, Xu RJ, Zhen XC, Wang GH. Protease Omi facilitates neurite outgrowth in mouse neuroblastoma N2a cells by cleaving transcription factor E2F1. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2015; 36:966-75. [PMID: 26238290 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2015.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Omi is an ATP-independent serine protease that is necessary for neuronal function and survival. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of protease Omi in regulating differentiation of mouse neuroblastoma cells and to identify the substrate of Omi involved in this process. METHODS Mouse neuroblastoma N2a cells and Omi protease-deficient mnd2 mice were used in this study. To modulate Omi and E2F1 expression, N2a cells were transfected with expression plasmids, shRNA plasmids or siRNA. Protein levels were detected using immunoblot assays. The interaction between Omi and E2F1 was studied using immunoprecipitation, GST pulldown and in vitro cleavage assays. N2a cells were treated with 20 μmol/L retinoic acid (RA) and 1% fetal bovine serum to induce neurite outgrowth, which was measured using Image J software. RESULTS E2F1 was significantly increased in Omi knockdown cells and in brain lysates of mnd2 mice, and was decreased in cells overexpressing wild-type Omi, but not inactive Omi S276C. In brain lysates of mnd2 mice, endogenous E2F1 was co-immunoprecipitated with endogenous Omi. In vitro cleavage assay demonstrated that Omi directly cleaved E2F1. Treatment of N2a cells with RA induced marked differentiation and neurite outgrowth accompanied by significantly increased Omi and decreased E2F1 levels, which were suppressed by pretreatment with the specific Omi inhibitor UCF-101. Knockdown of Omi in N2a cells suppressed RA-induced neurite outgrowth, which was partially restored by knockdown of E2F1. CONCLUSION Protease Omi facilitates neurite outgrowth by cleaving the transcription factor E2F1 in differentiated neuroblastoma cells; E2F1 is a substrate of Omi.
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Chao TC, Chen KJ, Tang MC, Chan LC, Chen PM, Tzeng CH, Su Y. Thymosin beta-4 knockdown in IEC-6 normal intestinal epithelial cells induces DNA re-replication via downregulating Emi1. J Cell Physiol 2014; 229:1639-46. [PMID: 24615569 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Thymosin β4 (Tβ4 ) is a multifunctional protein already used clinically to treat various diseases; however, the promoting effect of this protein on tumor malignancy should not be neglected. Here, we assessed whether Tβ4 alteration influences normal intestinal epithelial cells because Tβ4 is deemed a novel target for treating colorectal cancer (CRC). For this purpose, we examined the consequences of shRNA-mediated knockdown of Tβ4 in IEC-6 normal rat small intestinal cells and found that inhibiting Tβ4 expression significantly suppressed their growth and induced apoptosis in some cells. Flow cytometric analysis further revealed a marked decrease of G0/G1 population but a drastic increase of polyploid ones in these cells. The increase of polyploidy likely resulted from DNA re-replication because not only the de novo DNA synthesis was greatly increased but also the expression levels of Cdc6 (a replication-licensing factor), cyclin A, and phosphorylated-checkpoint kinase 1 were all dramatically elevated. Moreover, marked reductions in both RNA and protein levels of Emi1 (early mitotic inhibitor 1) were also detected in Tβ4 -downregulated IEC-6 cells which might be accounted by the downregulation of E2F1, a transcription factor capable of inducing Emi1 expression, mediated by glycogen synthase-3β (GSK-3β). To our best knowledge, this is the first report showing that inhibiting Tβ4 expression triggers DNA re-replication in normal intestinal epithelial cells, suggesting that this G-actin sequester may play a crucial role in maintaining genome stability in these cells. More importantly, clinical oncologists should take this novel activity into consideration when design CRC therapy based on targeting Tβ4 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Ta-Chung Chao
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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15
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Espada L, Meo-Evoli N, Sancho P, Real S, Fabregat I, Ambrosio S, Tauler A. ROS production is essential for the apoptotic function of E2F1 in pheochromocytoma and neuroblastoma cell lines. PLoS One 2012; 7:e51544. [PMID: 23251571 PMCID: PMC3520901 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0051544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2012] [Accepted: 11/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study we demonstrate that accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is essential for E2F1 mediated apoptosis in ER-E2F1 PC12 pheochromocytoma, and SH-SY5Y and SK-N-JD neuroblastoma stable cell lines. In these cells, the ER-E2F1 fusion protein is expressed in the cytosol; the addition of 4-hydroxytamoxifen (OHT) induces its translocation to the nucleus and activation of E2F1target genes. Previously we demonstrated that, in ER-E2F1 PC12 cells, OHT treatment induced apoptosis through activation of caspase-3. Here we show that caspase-8 activity did not change upon treatment with OHT. Moreover, over-expression of Bcl-xL arrested OHT-induced apoptosis; by contrast, over-expression of c-FLIP, did not have any effect on OHT-induced apoptosis. OHT addition induces BimL expression, its translocation to mitochondria and activation of Bax, which is paralleled by diminished mitochondrial enrichment of Bcl-xL. Treatment with a Bax-inhibitory peptide reduced OHT-induced apoptosis. These results point out the essential role of mitochondria on the apoptotic process driven by E2F1. ROS accumulation followed E2F1 induction and treatment with the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine, inhibited E2F1-induced Bax translocation to mitochondria and subsequent apoptosis. The role of ROS in mediating OHT-induced apoptosis was also studied in two neuroblastoma cell lines, SH-SY5Y and SK-N-JD. In SH-SY5Y cells, activation of E2F1 by the addition of OHT induced ROS production and apoptosis, whereas over-expression of E2F1 in SK-N-JD cells failed to induce either response. Transcriptional profiling revealed that many of the genes responsible for scavenging ROS were down-regulated following E2F1-induction in SH-SY5Y, but not in SK-N-JD cells. Finally, inhibition of GSK3β blocked ROS production, Bax activation and the down regulation of ROS scavenging genes. These findings provide an explanation for the apparent contradictory role of E2F1 as an apoptotic agent versus a cell cycle activator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilia Espada
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Farmàcia. Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Nathalie Meo-Evoli
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Farmàcia. Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
- Cancer and Metabolism Group, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Patricia Sancho
- Biological Clues of the Invasive and Metastatic Phenotype Group, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Sebastian Real
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Farmàcia. Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Isabel Fabregat
- Biological Clues of the Invasive and Metastatic Phenotype Group, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Catalunya, Spain
- Unitat de Bioquímica, Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques II, Facultat de Medicina, Campus Universitaride Bellvitge - IDIBELL, Universitat de Barcelona, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Santiago Ambrosio
- Unitat de Bioquímica, Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques II, Facultat de Medicina, Campus Universitaride Bellvitge - IDIBELL, Universitat de Barcelona, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Albert Tauler
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Farmàcia. Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
- Cancer and Metabolism Group, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Catalunya, Spain
- * E-mail:
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Zhang L, Zhou F, Li Y, Drabsch Y, Zhang J, van Dam H, ten Dijke P. Fas-associated factor 1 is a scaffold protein that promotes β-transducin repeat-containing protein (β-TrCP)-mediated β-catenin ubiquitination and degradation. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:30701-10. [PMID: 22730322 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.353524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
FAS-associated factor 1 (FAF1) antagonizes Wnt signaling by stimulating β-catenin degradation. However, the molecular mechanism underlying this effect is unknown. Here, we demonstrate that the E3 ubiquitin ligase β-transducin repeat-containing protein (β-TrCP) is required for FAF1 to suppress Wnt signaling and that FAF1 specifically associates with the SCF (Skp1-Cul1-F-box protein)-β-TrCP complex. Depletion of β-TrCP reduced FAF1-mediated β-catenin polyubiquitination and impaired FAF1 in antagonizing Wnt/β-catenin signaling. FAF1 was shown to act as a scaffold for β-catenin and β-TrCP and thereby to potentiate β-TrCP-mediated β-catenin ubiquitination and degradation. Data mining revealed that FAF1 expression is statistically down-regulated in human breast carcinoma compared with normal breast tissue. Consistent with this, FAF1 expression is higher in epithelial-like MCF7 than mesenchymal-like MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells. Depletion of FAF1 in MCF7 cells resulted in increased β-catenin accumulation and signaling. Importantly, FAF1 knockdown promoted a decrease in epithelial E-cadherin and an increase in mesenchymal vimentin expression, indicative for an epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Moreover, ectopic FAF1 expression reduces breast cancer cell migration in vitro and invasion/metastasis in vivo. Thus, our studies strengthen a tumor-suppressive function for FAF1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Zhang
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Centre for Biomedical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
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17
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Zhou F, Gong K, Song B, Ma T, van Laar T, Gong Y, Zhang L. The APP intracellular domain (AICD) inhibits Wnt signalling and promotes neurite outgrowth. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2012; 1823:1233-41. [PMID: 22613765 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2012.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2011] [Revised: 05/06/2012] [Accepted: 05/09/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
β- and γ-secretase cleave the amyloid precursor protein (APP) to release the amyloidogenic β-amyloid peptides (Aβ) and the APP intracellular domain (AICD). Aβ has been widely believed to initiate pathogenic cascades culminating in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the physiological functions of the AICD remain elusive. In this study, we found the AICD to strongly inhibit Wnt-induced transcriptional reporter activity, and to counteract Wnt-induced c-Myc expression. Loss of the AICD resulted in an increased responsiveness to Wnt/β-catenin-mediated transcription. Mechanically, the AICD was found to interact with glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3β) and promote its kinase activity. The subsequent AICD-strengthened Axin-GSK3β complex potentiates β-catenin poly-ubiquitination. Functional studies in N(2)a mouse neuroblastoma cells, rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cells and primary neurons showed that the AICD facilitated neurite outgrowth. And AICD antagonised Wnt3a-suppressed growth arrest and neurite outgrowth in N2a and PC12 cells. Taken together, our results identify the AICD as a novel inhibitory factor of the canonical Wnt signalling pathway and suggest its regulatory role in neuronal cell proliferation and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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18
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Zhou F, Huang H, Zhang L. Bisindoylmaleimide I enhances osteogenic differentiation. Protein Cell 2012; 3:311-20. [PMID: 22549588 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-012-2027-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2012] [Accepted: 02/08/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The Wnt/β-catenin and bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) pathways play important roles in controlling osteogenesis. Using a cell-based kinase inhibitor screening assay, we identified the compound bisindoylmaleimide I (BIM) as a potent agonist of the cytosolic β-catenin accumulation in preosteoblast cells. Through suppressing glycogen synthase kinase 3β enzyme activities, BIM upregulated β-catenin responsive transcription and extended duration of BMP initiated signal. Functional analysis revealed that BIM promoted osteoblast differentiation and bone formation. The treatment of human mesenchymal stem cells with BIM promoted osteoblastogenesis. Our findings provide a new strategy to regulate mesenchymal stem cell differentiation by integration of the cellular signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Zhou
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Centre for Biomedical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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19
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Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) is a multifunctional serine/threonine kinase. It is particularly abundant in the developing central nervous system (CNS). Since GSK3β has diverse substrates ranging from metabolic/signaling proteins and structural proteins to transcription factors, it is involved in many developmental events in the immature brain, such as neurogenesis, neuronal migration, differentiation and survival. The activity of GSK3β is developmentally regulated and is affected by various environmental/cellular insults, such as deprivation of nutrients/trophic factors, oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Abnormalities in GSK3β activity may disrupt CNS development. Therefore, GSK3β is a critical signaling protein that regulates brain development. It may also determine neuronal susceptibility to damages caused by various environmental insults.
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20
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Wang HY, Juo LI, Lin YT, Hsiao M, Lin JT, Tsai CH, Tzeng YH, Chuang YC, Chang NS, Yang CN, Lu PJ. WW domain-containing oxidoreductase promotes neuronal differentiation via negative regulation of glycogen synthase kinase 3β. Cell Death Differ 2011; 19:1049-59. [PMID: 22193544 PMCID: PMC3354054 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2011.188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
WW domain-containing oxidoreductase (WWOX), a putative tumour suppressor, is suggested to be involved in the hyperphosphorylation of Alzheimer's Tau. Tau is a microtubule-associated protein that has an important role in microtubule assembly and stability. Glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) has a vital role in Tau hyperphosphorylation at its microtubule-binding domains. Hyperphosphorylated Tau has a low affinity for microtubules, thus disrupting microtubule stability. Bioinformatics analysis indicated that WWOX contains two potential GSK3β-binding FXXXLI/VXRLE motifs. Immunofluorescence, immunoprecipitation and molecular modelling showed that WWOX interacts physically with GSK3β. We demonstrated biochemically that WWOX can bind directly to GSK3β through its short-chain alcohol dehydrogenase/reductase domain. Moreover, the overexpression of WWOX inhibited GSK3β-stimulated S396 and S404 phosphorylation within the microtubule domains of Tau, indicating that WWOX is involved in regulating GSK3β activity in cells. WWOX repressed GSK3β activity, restored the microtubule assembly activity of Tau and promoted neurite outgrowth in SH-SY5Y cells. Conversely, RNAi-mediated knockdown of WWOX in retinoic acid (RA)-differentiated SH-SY5Y cells inhibited neurite outgrowth. These results suggest that WWOX is likely to be involved in regulating GSK3β activity, reducing the level of phosphorylated Tau, and subsequently promoting neurite outgrowth during neuron differentiation. In summary, our data reveal a novel mechanism by which WWOX promotes neuronal differentiation in response to RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- H-Y Wang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Medical College, Tainan, Taiwan
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21
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Wnt/β-catenin signal pathway stabilizes APP intracellular domain (AICD) and promotes its transcriptional activity. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2011; 412:68-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.07.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2011] [Accepted: 07/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Zhou F, Zhang L, van Laar T, van Dam H, Ten Dijke P. GSK3β inactivation induces apoptosis of leukemia cells by repressing the function of c-Myb. Mol Biol Cell 2011; 22:3533-40. [PMID: 21795403 PMCID: PMC3172276 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e11-06-0483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The level of c-Myb is a determining factor in the response of leukemia cells to GSK3β kinase inhibiton, which is of particular interest for the therapy of leukemia and cancers that have c-Myb amplifications. Glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) regulates diverse physiological processes, including metabolism, development, oncogenesis, and neuroprotection. GSK3β kinase activity has been reported to be critical for various types of cancer cells, but the mechanism has remained elusive. In this study we examine the mechanism by which GSK3β regulates the survival of leukemia cells. We demonstrate that upon GSK3β kinase inhibition different types of leukemia cells show severe proliferation defects as a result of apoptosis. The transcription factor c-Myb is found to be the main target of GSK3β inhibition in cell survival. GSK3β inactivation reduces the expression of c-Myb by promoting its ubiquitination-mediated degradation, thereby inhibiting the expression of c-Myb–dependent antiapoptotic genes Bcl2 and survivin. Coimmunoprecipitation, reporter assays, chromatin immunoprecipitation, and knockdown studies show that c-Myb needs to interact and cooperate with transcription factor LEF-1 in the activation of Bcl2 and survivin and that both transcription factors are required for cell survival. These data reveal an as-yet-unknown mechanism by which GSK3β controls cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Zhou
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Centre for Biomedical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, Netherlands
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23
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Zhou F, van Laar T, Huang H, Zhang L. APP and APLP1 are degraded through autophagy in response to proteasome inhibition in neuronal cells. Protein Cell 2011; 2:377-83. [PMID: 21626267 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-011-1047-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2011] [Accepted: 05/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloid beta (Aβ) precursor protein (APP) is a key protein in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Both APP and its paralogue APLP1 (amyloid beta precursor-like protein 1) have multiple functions in cell adhesion and proliferation. Previously it was thought that autophagy is a novel beta-amyloid peptide (Aβ)-generating pathway activated in AD. However, the protein proteolysis of APLP1 is still largely unknown. The present study shows that APLP1 is rapidly degraded in neuronal cells in response to stresses, such as proteasome inhibition. Activation of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress by proteasome inhibitors induces autophagy, causing reduction of mature APLP1/APP. Blocking autophagy or JNK stress kinase rescues the protein expression for both APP and APLP1. Therefore, our results suggest that APP/APLP1 is degraded through autophagy and the APLP1 proteolysis is mainly mediated by autophagy-lysosome pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Zhou
- Medical College of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Zhang L, Zhou F, van Laar T, Zhang J, van Dam H, Ten Dijke P. Fas-associated factor 1 antagonizes Wnt signaling by promoting β-catenin degradation. Mol Biol Cell 2011; 22:1617-24. [PMID: 21411632 PMCID: PMC3084683 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e10-12-0985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Fas-associated factor 1 (FAF1) is identified as a negative regulator of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. In addition, its involvement in osteoblast differentiation and mineralization is shown. FAF1 was found to promote β-catenin degradation by enhancing its polyubiquitination. The canonical Wnt pathway plays an important role in the regulation of cell proliferation and differentiation. Activation of this signaling pathway causes disruption of the Axin/adenomatous polyposis coli/glycogen synthase kinase 3β complex, resulting in stabilization of β-catenin and its association with lymphoid enhancer factor/T-cell factor in the nucleus. Here, we identify Fas-associated factor 1 (FAF1) as a negative regulator of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. We found overexpression of FAF1 to strongly inhibit Wnt-induced transcriptional reporter activity and to counteract Wnt-induced β-catenin accumulation. Moreover, knockdown of FAF1 resulted in an increase in β-catenin levels and in activation of Wnt/β-catenin–induced transcription. FAF1 was found to interact with β-catenin upon inhibition of proteasome. Ectopic expression of FAF1 promoted β-catenin degradation by enhancing its polyubiquitination. Functional studies in C2C12 myoblasts and KS483 preosteoblastic cells showed that FAF1 depletion resulted in activation of endogenous Wnt-induced genes and enhanced osteoblast differentiation, whereas FAF1 overexpression had the opposite effect. These results identify FAF1 as a novel inhibitory factor of canonical Wnt signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Zhang
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Center for Biomedical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Lei CQ, Zhong B, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Wang S, Shu HB. Glycogen synthase kinase 3β regulates IRF3 transcription factor-mediated antiviral response via activation of the kinase TBK1. Immunity 2010; 33:878-89. [PMID: 21145761 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2010.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2010] [Revised: 09/15/2010] [Accepted: 10/14/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Viral infection activates transcription factors IRF3 and NF-κB, which collaborate to induce type I interferons (IFNs). Here, we identified glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) as an important regulator for virus-triggered IRF3 and NF-κB activation, IFN-β induction, and cellular antiviral response. Overexpression of GSK3β potentiated virus-induced activation of IRF3 and transcription of the IFNB1 gene, whereas reduced expression or deletion of GSK3β impaired virus-induced IRF3 and NF-κB activation, transcription of the IFNB1 gene, as well as cellular antiviral response. GSK3β physically associated with the kinase TBK1 in a viral infection-dependent manner. GSK3β promoted TBK1 self-association and autophosphorylation at Ser172, which is critical for virus-induced IRF3 activation and IFN-β induction. The effect of GSK3β on virus-induced signaling is independent of its kinase activity. Our findings suggest that GSK3β plays important roles in virus-triggered IRF3 activation by promoting TBK1 activation and provide new insights to the molecular mechanisms of cellular antiviral response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cao-Qi Lei
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
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26
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Krause C, Korchynskyi O, de Rooij K, Weidauer SE, de Gorter DJJ, van Bezooijen RL, Hatsell S, Economides AN, Mueller TD, Löwik CWGM, ten Dijke P. Distinct modes of inhibition by sclerostin on bone morphogenetic protein and Wnt signaling pathways. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:41614-26. [PMID: 20952383 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.153890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Sclerostin is expressed by osteocytes and has catabolic effects on bone. It has been shown to antagonize bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) and/or Wnt activity, although at present the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Consistent with previous findings, Sclerostin opposed direct Wnt3a-induced but not direct BMP7-induced responses when both ligand and antagonist were provided exogenously to cells. However, we found that when both proteins are expressed in the same cell, sclerostin can antagonize BMP signaling directly by inhibiting BMP7 secretion. Sclerostin interacts with both the BMP7 mature domain and pro-domain, leading to intracellular retention and proteasomal degradation of BMP7. Analysis of sclerostin knock-out mice revealed an inhibitory action of sclerostin on Wnt signaling in both osteoblasts and osteocytes in cortical and cancellous bones. BMP7 signaling was predominantly inhibited by sclerostin in osteocytes of the calcaneus and the cortical bone of the tibia. Our results suggest that sclerostin exerts its potent bone catabolic effects by antagonizing Wnt signaling in a paracrine and autocrine manner and antagonizing BMP signaling selectively in the osteocytes that synthesize simultaneously both sclerostin and BMP7 proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carola Krause
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Centre for Biomedical Genetics, Julius-von-Sachs Institut für Biowissenschaften der UniversitätWürzburg, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
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Real S, Espada L, Espinet C, Santidrián AF, Tauler A. Study of the in vivo phosphorylation of E2F1 on Ser403. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2010; 1803:912-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2010.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2009] [Revised: 04/06/2010] [Accepted: 04/07/2010] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Seira O, Gavín R, Gil V, Llorens F, Rangel A, Soriano E, del Río JA. Neurites regrowth of cortical neurons by GSK3beta inhibition independently of Nogo receptor 1. J Neurochem 2010; 113:1644-58. [PMID: 20374426 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2010.06726.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Lesioned axons do not regenerate in the adult mammalian CNS, owing to the over-expression of inhibitory molecules such as myelin-derived proteins or chondroitin sulphate proteoglycans. In order to overcome axon inhibition, strategies based on extrinsic and intrinsic treatments have been developed. For myelin-associated inhibition, blockage with NEP1-40, receptor bodies or IN-1 antibodies has been used. In addition, endogenous blockage of cell signalling mechanisms induced by myelin-associated proteins is a potential tool for overcoming axon inhibitory signals. We examined the participation of glycogen synthase kinase 3beta (GSK3beta) and extracellular-related kinase (ERK) 1/2 in axon regeneration failure in lesioned cortical neurons. We also investigated whether pharmacological blockage of GSK3beta and ERK1/2 activities facilitates regeneration after myelin-directed inhibition in two models: (i) cerebellar granule cells and (ii) lesioned entorhino-hippocampal pathway in slice cultures, and whether the regenerative effects are mediated by Nogo Receptor 1 (NgR1). We demonstrate that, in contrast to ERK1/2 inhibition, the pharmacological treatment of GSK3beta inhibition strongly facilitated regrowth of cerebellar granule neurons over myelin independently of NgR1. Finally, these regenerative effects were corroborated in the lesioned entorhino-hippocampal pathway in NgR1-/- mutant mice. These results provide new findings for the development of new assays and strategies to enhance axon regeneration in injured cortical connections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Seira
- Molecular and Cellular Neurobiotechnology, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain
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Abstract
Alcohol consumption during pregnancy is a significant public health problem and may result in a wide range of adverse outcomes for the child. The developing central nervous system (CNS) is particularly susceptible to ethanol toxicity. Children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) have a variety of cognitive, behavioral, and neurological impairments. FASD currently represents the leading cause of mental retardation in North America ahead of Down syndrome and cerebral palsy. Ethanol exposure during development causes multiple abnormalities in the brain such as permanent loss of neurons, ectopic neurons, and alterations in synaptogenesis and myelinogenesis. These alcohol-induced structural alterations in the developing brain underlie many of the behavioral deficits observed in FASD. The cellular and molecular mechanisms of ethanol neurotoxicity, however, remain unclear. Ethanol elicits cellular stresses, including oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Glycogen synthase kinase 3beta (GSK3beta), a multifunctional serine/threonine kinase, responds to various cellular stresses. GSK3beta is particularly abundant in the developing CNS, and regulates diverse developmental events in the immature brain, such as neurogenesis and neuronal differentiation, migration, and survival. Available evidence indicates that the activity of GSK3beta in the CNS is affected by ethanol. GSK3beta inhibition provides protection against ethanol neurotoxicity, whereas high GSK3beta activity/expression sensitizes neuronal cells to ethanol-induced damages. It appears that GSK3beta is a converging signaling point that mediates some of ethanol's neurotoxic effects.
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Abstract
The neuronal loss associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) affects areas of the brain that are vital to cognition. Although recent studies have shown that new neurons can be generated from progenitor cells in the neocortices of healthy adults, the neurogenic potential of the stem/progenitor cells of AD patients is not known. To answer this question, we compared the properties of glial progenitor cells (GPCs) from the cortices of healthy control (HC) and AD subjects. The GPCs from AD brain samples displayed reduced renewal capability and reduced neurogenesis compared with GPCs from HC brains. To investigate the mechanisms underlying this difference, we compared beta-catenin signaling proteins in GPCs from AD versus HC subjects and studied the effect of amyloid beta peptide (Abeta, a hallmark of AD pathology) on GPCs. Interestingly, GPCs from AD patients exhibited elevated levels of glycogen synthase kinase 3beta (GSK-3beta, an enzyme known to phosphorylate beta-catenin), accompanied by an increase in phosphorylated beta-catenin and a decrease in nonphosphorylated beta-catenin compared with HC counterparts. Furthermore. we found that Abeta treatment impaired the ability of GPCs from HC subjects to generate new neurons and caused changes in beta-catenin signaling proteins similar to those observed in GPCs from AD patients. Similar results were observed in GPCs isolated from AD transgenic mice. These results suggest that Abeta-induced interruption of beta-catenin signaling may contribute to the impairment of neurogenesis in AD progenitor cells.
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Ohashi S, Fukumura R, Higuchi T, Kobayashi S. YB-1 transcription in the postnatal brain is regulated by a bHLH transcription factor Math2 through an E-box sequence in the 5′-UTR of the gene. Mol Cell Biochem 2009; 327:267-75. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-009-0065-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2008] [Accepted: 02/05/2009] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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