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Wang Q, Michalak M. Calsequestrin. Structure, function, and evolution. Cell Calcium 2020; 90:102242. [PMID: 32574906 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2020.102242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Calsequestrin is the major Ca2+ binding protein in the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), serves as the main Ca2+ storage and buffering protein and is an important regulator of Ca2+ release channels in both skeletal and cardiac muscle. It is anchored at the junctional SR membrane through interactions with membrane proteins and undergoes reversible polymerization with increasing Ca2+ concentration. Calsequestrin provides high local Ca2+ at the junctional SR and communicates changes in luminal Ca2+ concentration to Ca2+ release channels, thus it is an essential component of excitation-contraction coupling. Recent studies reveal new insights on calsequestrin trafficking, Ca2+ binding, protein evolution, protein-protein interactions, stress responses and the molecular basis of related human muscle disease, including catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT). Here we provide a comprehensive overview of calsequestrin, with recent advances in structure, diverse functions, phylogenetic analysis, and its role in muscle physiology, stress responses and human pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6H 2S7, Canada
| | - Marek Michalak
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6H 2S7, Canada.
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2
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Ghaderi S, Alidadiani N, Soleimani Rad J, Heidari HR, Dilaver N, Mansoori B, Rhabarghazi R, Parvizi R, Khaze Shahgoli V, Baradaran B. Construction and Development of a Cardiac Tissue-Specific and Hypoxia-Inducible Expression Vector. Adv Pharm Bull 2018; 8:29-38. [PMID: 29670836 PMCID: PMC5896393 DOI: 10.15171/apb.2018.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Cardiovascular gene therapy is a sophisticated approach, thanks to the safety of vectors, stable transgene expression, delivery method, and different layers of the heart. To date, numerous expression vectors have been introduced in biotechnology and biopharmacy industries in relation to genetic manipulation. Despite the rapid growth of these modalities, they must be intelligently designed, addressing the cardiac-specific transgene expression and less side effects. Herein, we conducted a pilot project aiming to design a cardiac-specific hypoxia-inducible expression cassette. Methods: We explored a new approach to design an expression cassette containing cardiac specific enhancer, hypoxia response elements (HRE), cardiac specific promoter, internal ribosome entry site (IRES), and beta globin poly A sequence to elicit specific and inducible expression of the gene of interest. Enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) was sub-cloned by BglII and NotI into the cassette. The specificity and inducible expression of the cassette was determined in both mouse myoblast C2C12 and mammary glandular tumor 4T1 as 'twin' cells. eGFP expression was evaluated by immunofluorescence microscope and flow cytometry at 520 nm emission peak. Results: Our data revealed that the designed expression cassette provided tissue specific and hypoxia inducible (O2<1%) transgene expression. Conclusion: It is suggested that cardiac-specific enhancer combined with cardiac-specific promoter are efficient for myoblast specific gene expression. As well, this is for the first time that HRE are derived from three well known hypoxia-regulated promoters. Therefore, there is no longer need to overlap PCR process for one repeated sequence just in one promoter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahrooz Ghaderi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Student research committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Neda Alidadiani
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Jafar Soleimani Rad
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Heidari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nafi Dilaver
- Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Behzad Mansoori
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza Rhabarghazi
- Stem cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Rezayat Parvizi
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Estrada-Avilés R, Rodríguez G, Zarain-Herzberg A. The cardiac calsequestrin gene transcription is modulated at the promoter by NFAT and MEF-2 transcription factors. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0184724. [PMID: 28886186 PMCID: PMC5590987 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Calsequestrin-2 (CASQ2) is the main Ca2+-binding protein inside the sarcoplasmic reticulum of cardiomyocytes. Previously, we demonstrated that MEF-2 and SRF binding sites within the human CASQ2 gene (hCASQ2) promoter region are functional in neonatal cardiomyocytes. In this work, we investigated if the calcineurin/NFAT pathway regulates hCASQ2 expression in neonatal cardiomyocytes. The inhibition of NFAT dephosphorylation with CsA or INCA-6, reduced both the luciferase activity of hCASQ2 promoter constructs (-3102/+176 bp and -288/+176 bp) and the CASQ2 mRNA levels in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. Additionally, NFATc1 and NFATc3 over-expressing neonatal cardiomyocytes showed a 2-3-fold increase in luciferase activity of both hCASQ2 promoter constructs, which was prevented by CsA treatment. Site-directed mutagenesis of the -133 bp MEF-2 binding site prevented trans-activation of hCASQ2 promoter constructs induced by NFAT overexpression. Chromatin Immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays revealed NFAT and MEF-2 enrichment within the -288 bp to +76 bp of the hCASQ2 gene promoter. Besides, a direct interaction between NFAT and MEF-2 proteins was demonstrated by protein co-immunoprecipitation experiments. Taken together, these data demonstrate that NFAT interacts with MEF-2 bound to the -133 bp binding site at the hCASQ2 gene promoter. In conclusion, in this work, we demonstrate that the Ca2+-calcineurin/NFAT pathway modulates the transcription of the hCASQ2 gene in neonatal cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Estrada-Avilés
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gabriela Rodríguez
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Angel Zarain-Herzberg
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
- * E-mail:
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Fragoso-Medina J, Rodriguez G, Zarain-Herzberg A. The CCAAT box in the proximal SERCA2 gene promoter regulates basal and stress-induced transcription in cardiomyocytes. Mol Cell Biochem 2017; 442:19-28. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-017-3189-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Rodríguez-Lima O, García-Gutierrez P, Jiménez L, Zarain-Herzberg Á, Lazzarini R, Landa A. Molecular Cloning of a cDNA Encoding for Taenia solium TATA-Box Binding Protein 1 (TsTBP1) and Study of Its Interactions with the TATA-Box of Actin 5 and Typical 2-Cys Peroxiredoxin Genes. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0141818. [PMID: 26529408 PMCID: PMC4631506 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0141818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
TATA-box binding protein (TBP) is an essential regulatory transcription factor for the TATA-box and TATA-box-less gene promoters. We report the cloning and characterization of a full-length cDNA that encodes a Taenia solium TATA-box binding protein 1 (TsTBP1). Deduced amino acid composition from its nucleotide sequence revealed that encodes a protein of 238 residues with a predicted molecular weight of 26.7 kDa, and a theoretical pI of 10.6. The NH2-terminal domain shows no conservation when compared with to pig and human TBP1s. However, it shows high conservation in size and amino acid identity with taeniids TBP1s. In contrast, the TsTBP1 COOH-terminal domain is highly conserved among organisms, and contains the amino acids involved in interactions with the TATA-box, as well as with TFIIA and TFIIB. In silico TsTBP1 modeling reveals that the COOH-terminal domain forms the classical saddle structure of the TBP family, with one α-helix at the end, not present in pig and human. Native TsTBP1 was detected in T. solium cysticerci´s nuclear extract by western blot using rabbit antibodies generated against two synthetic peptides located in the NH2 and COOH-terminal domains of TsTBP1. These antibodies, through immunofluorescence technique, identified the TBP1 in the nucleus of cells that form the bladder wall of cysticerci of Taenia crassiceps, an organism close related to T. solium. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays using nuclear extracts from T. solium cysticerci and antibodies against the NH2-terminal domain of TsTBP1 showed the interaction of native TsTBP1 with the TATA-box present in T. solium actin 5 (pAT5) and 2-Cys peroxiredoxin (Ts2-CysPrx) gene promoters; in contrast, when antibodies against the anti-COOH-terminal domain of TsTBP1 were used, they inhibited the binding of TsTBP1 to the TATA-box of the pAT5 promoter gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Rodríguez-Lima
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México D.F., México
| | | | - Lucía Jiménez
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México D.F., México
| | - Ángel Zarain-Herzberg
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México D.F., México
| | - Roberto Lazzarini
- Departamento de Biología Experimental, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana–Iztapalapa, México D.F., México
| | - Abraham Landa
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México D.F., México
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
Regeneration of adult skeletal muscle following injury occurs through the activation of satellite cells, an injury-sensitive muscle stem cell population that proliferates, differentiates, and fuses with injured myofibers. Members of the myocyte enhancer factor 2 (MEF2) family of transcription factors play essential roles in muscle differentiation during embryogenesis, but their potential contributions to adult muscle regeneration have not been systematically explored. To investigate the potential involvement of MEF2 factors in muscle regeneration, we conditionally deleted the Mef2a, c, and d genes, singly and in combination, within satellite cells in mice, using tamoxifen-inducible Cre recombinase under control of the satellite cell-specific Pax7 promoter. We show that deletion of individual Mef2 genes has no effect on muscle regeneration in response to cardiotoxin injury. However, combined deletion of the Mef2a, c, and d genes results in a blockade to regeneration. Satellite cell-derived myoblasts lacking MEF2A, C, and D proliferate normally in culture, but cannot differentiate. The absence of MEF2A, C, and D in satellite cells is associated with aberrant expression of a broad collection of known and unique protein-coding and long noncoding RNA genes. These findings reveal essential and redundant roles of MEF2A, C, and D in satellite cell differentiation and identify a MEF2-dependent transcriptome associated with skeletal muscle regeneration.
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Haddad R, Kasneci A, Sebag IA, Chalifour LE. Cardiac structure/function, protein expression, and DNA methylation are changed in adult female mice exposed to diethylstilbestrol in utero. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2013; 91:741-9. [PMID: 23984849 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2013-0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The detrimental effects of in utero exposure to the non-steroidal estrogen diethylstilbestrol (DES) are particularly marked in women. Fetal hearts express estrogen receptors, making them potentially responsive to DES. To examine whether gestational exposure to DES would impact the heart, we exposed pregnant C57bl/6n dams to DES (0.1, 1.0, and 10.0 μg·(kg body mass)(-1)·day(-1)) on gestation days 11.5-14.5, and examined the measured cardiac structure/function and calcium homeostasis protein expression in adult females. At baseline, echocardiography revealed eccentric hypertrophy in mice treated with 10.0 μg·(kg body mass)(-1)·day(-1) DES, and immunoblots showed increased SERCA2a in all DES-treated mice. Mice were swim-trained to assess cardiac remodeling. Swim-trained vehicle-treated mice developed eccentric hypertrophy without changing SERCA2 or calsequestrin 2 expression. In contrast, no DES-treated mice hypertrophied, and all increased in SERCA2a and calsequestrin 2 expression after training. To determine whether DES-induced changes in DNA methylation is part of the mechanism for its long-term effects, we measured DNA methyltransferase expression and DNA methylation. Global DNA methylation and DNA methyltransferase 3a expression were unchanged. However, DES-treated mice had increased DNA methylation in the calsequestrin 2 promoter. Thus, gestational exposure to DES altered female ventricular DNA, cardiac structure/function, and calcium homeostasis protein expression. We conclude that gestational exposure to estrogenizing compounds may impact cardiac structure/function in adult females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rami Haddad
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, 3755 chemin de la Côte Sainte Catherine, Montréal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada
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Haddad R, Kasneci A, Mepham K, Sebag IA, Chalifour LE. Gestational exposure to diethylstilbestrol alters cardiac structure/function, protein expression and DNA methylation in adult male mice progeny. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2013; 266:27-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2012.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2012] [Revised: 10/19/2012] [Accepted: 10/23/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Zarain-Herzberg A, Estrada-Avilés R, Fragoso-Medina J. Regulation of sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase and calsequestrin gene expression in the heart. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2012; 90:1017-28. [DOI: 10.1139/y2012-057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The precise control of Ca2+levels during the contraction–relaxation cycle in cardiac myocytes is extremely important for normal beat-to-beat contractile activity. The sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) plays a key role controlling calcium concentration in the cytosol. The SR Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA2) transports Ca2+inside the SR lumen during relaxation of the cardiac myocyte. Calsequestrin (Casq2) is the main protein in the SR lumen, functioning as a Ca2+buffer and participating in Ca2+release by interacting with the ryanodine receptor 2 (RyR2) Ca2+-release channel. Alterations in normal Ca2+handling significantly contribute to the contractile dysfunction observed in cardiac hypertrophy and in heart failure. Transcriptional regulation of the SERCA2 gene has been extensively studied and some of the mechanisms regulating its expression have been elucidated. Overexpression of Sp1 factor in cardiac hypertrophy downregulates SERCA2 gene expression and increased levels of thyroid hormone up-regulates its transcription. Other hormones such norepinephrine, angiotensin II, endothelin-1, parathyroid hormone, prostaglandin-F2α, as well the cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 also downregulate SERCA2 expression. Calcium acting through the calcineurin–NFAT (nuclear factor of activated T cells) pathway has been suggested to regulate SERCA2 and CASQ2 gene expression. This review focuses on the current knowledge regarding transcriptional regulation of SERCA2 and CASQ2 genes in the normal and pathologic heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel Zarain-Herzberg
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of México, D.F. 04510, Mexico
| | - Rafael Estrada-Avilés
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of México, D.F. 04510, Mexico
| | - Jorge Fragoso-Medina
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of México, D.F. 04510, Mexico
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Zarain-Herzberg A, Fragoso-Medina J, Estrada-Avilés R. Calcium-regulated transcriptional pathways in the normal and pathologic heart. IUBMB Life 2011; 63:847-55. [DOI: 10.1002/iub.545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2011] [Accepted: 07/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Hanninen SL, Ronkainen JJ, Leskinen H, Tavi P. Mitochondrial uncoupling downregulates calsequestrin expression and reduces SR Ca2+ stores in cardiomyocytes. Cardiovasc Res 2010; 88:75-82. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvq180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Vasu VT, Ott S, Hobson B, Rashidi V, Oommen S, Cross CE, Gohil K. Sarcolipin and ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase 1 mRNAs are over-expressed in skeletal muscles of alpha-tocopherol deficient mice. Free Radic Res 2009; 43:106-16. [PMID: 19204867 DOI: 10.1080/10715760802616676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The transcriptome of ataxic muscles from alpha-tocopherol transfer protein deficient (ATTP-KO), 23-month old, mice was compared with that of their normal littermates. Genes encoding sarcolipin (sln) and ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase (uchl1) were over-expressed (> or =10-fold) in ataxic muscles. SLN is a 3.2 kDa membrane protein that binds to sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase, regulates Ca(+ +) transport and muscle relaxation-contraction cycles. UCHL1 is a 24.8 kDa member of proteosome proteins; it is over-expressed in myofibrillar myopathy and is associated with neurodegenerative diseases. Furthermore, six additional transcripts, three encoding thin-filament proteins and three encoding Ca(+ +) sensing proteins that participate in contraction-relaxation cycle, and eight transcripts that encode members of lysosomal proteins were also over-expressed in ataxic muscles. These observations suggest that chronic alpha-tocopherol (AT) deficiency activates critical genes of muscle contractility and protein degradation pathways, simultaneously. The magnitude of induction of sln and uchl1 was lower in asymptomatic, 8-month old, ATTP-KO mice and in 8-month old mice fed an AT-depleted diet. These studies suggest sln and uchl1 genes as novel targets of AT deficiency and may offer molecular correlates of well documented descriptions of neuromuscular dysfunctions in AT-deficient rodents. Since the neuromuscular deficits of ATTP-KO mice appear to be similar to those of patients with ATTP mutations, it is suggested that over-expression of sln and uchl1 may also contribute to AT-sensitive ataxia in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vihas T Vasu
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, 95616, USA
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Kasneci A, Kemeny-Suss NM, Komarova SV, Chalifour LE. Egr-1 negatively regulates calsequestrin expression and calcium dynamics in ventricular cells. Cardiovasc Res 2008; 81:695-702. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvn357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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