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Liu H, Li X, Shi Y, Ye Z, Cheng X. Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase PRL-3: A Key Player in Cancer Signaling. Biomolecules 2024; 14:342. [PMID: 38540761 PMCID: PMC10967961 DOI: 10.3390/biom14030342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Protein phosphatases are primarily responsible for dephosphorylation modification within signal transduction pathways. Phosphatase of regenerating liver-3 (PRL-3) is a dual-specific phosphatase implicated in cancer pathogenesis. Understanding PRL-3's intricate functions and developing targeted therapies is crucial for advancing cancer treatment. This review highlights its regulatory mechanisms, expression patterns, and multifaceted roles in cancer progression. PRL-3's involvement in proliferation, migration, invasion, metastasis, angiogenesis, and drug resistance is discussed. Regulatory mechanisms encompass transcriptional control, alternative splicing, and post-translational modifications. PRL-3 exhibits selective expressions in specific cancer types, making it a potential target for therapy. Despite advances in small molecule inhibitors, further research is needed for clinical application. PRL-3-zumab, a humanized antibody, shows promise in preclinical studies and clinical trials. Our review summarizes the current understanding of the cancer-related cellular function of PRL-3, its prognostic value, and the research progress of therapeutic inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haidong Liu
- Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou 310022, China;
- Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Xiao Li
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China;
| | - Yin Shi
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China;
| | - Zu Ye
- Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou 310022, China;
- Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310018, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention, Diagnosis and Therapy of Upper Gastrointestinal Cancer of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310022, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Research Center for Upper Gastrointestinal Tract Cancer, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou 310022, China
| | - Xiangdong Cheng
- Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou 310022, China;
- Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310018, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention, Diagnosis and Therapy of Upper Gastrointestinal Cancer of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310022, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Research Center for Upper Gastrointestinal Tract Cancer, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou 310022, China
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Loh AHP, Thura M, Gupta A, Tan SH, Kuan KKY, Ang KH, Merchant K, Chang KTE, Yon HY, Chen Y, Cheng MHW, Mahadev A, Ng MCH, Seng MSF, Iyer P, Chia PL, Soh SY, Zeng Q. Exploiting frequent and specific expression of PRL3 in pediatric solid tumors for first-in-child use of PRL3-zumab humanized antibody. Mol Ther Oncolytics 2023; 30:153-166. [PMID: 37674627 PMCID: PMC10477756 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2023.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphatase of regenerating liver 3 (PRL3) is a specific tumor antigen overexpressed in a broad range of adult cancer types. However, its physiological expression in pediatric embryonal and mesenchymal tumors and its association with clinical outcomes in children is unknown. We sought to profile the expression of PRL3 in pediatric tumors in relation to survival outcomes, expression of angiogenesis markers, and G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR)-mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling targets. PRL3-zumab, a first-in-class humanized antibody, was administered in a dose escalation schedule in a first-in-child clinical trial to study toxicity, pharmacokinetics, and clinical outcomes. Among 64 pediatric tumors, PRL3 was most frequently expressed in neuroblastoma (100%), rhabdomyosarcoma and non-rhabdomyosarcoma soft tissue sarcomas (71%), and renal sarcomas (60%) but absent in paired normal tissues. PRL3 was expressed in 75% of relapsed tumors and associated with shorter median event-free survival. Microarray profiling of PRL3-positive tumors showed elevation of angiogenin, TIMP1 and TIMP2, and GPCR-MAPK signaling proteins that commonly interacted with PRL3. The first use of PRL3-zumab in a pediatric patient saw no adverse events. A 28.6% reduction in maximum target lesion diameter was achieved when PRL3-zumab was administered concurrently with hypofractionated radiation. These findings support wider exploration of PRL3 expression in embryonal and mesenchymal tumors and further clinical application of PRL3-zumab in pediatric patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amos Hong Pheng Loh
- VIVA-KKH Paediatric Brain and Solid Tumour Programme, Children’s Blood and Cancer Centre, KK Women’s and Children’s Hospital Singapore 229899, Singapore
- Duke-NUS School of Medicine, Singapore 169857, Singapore
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, KK Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Singapore 229899, Singapore
| | - Min Thura
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A∗STAR), Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Abhishek Gupta
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A∗STAR), Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Sheng Hui Tan
- VIVA-KKH Paediatric Brain and Solid Tumour Programme, Children’s Blood and Cancer Centre, KK Women’s and Children’s Hospital Singapore 229899, Singapore
| | - Kelvin Kam Yew Kuan
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A∗STAR), Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Koon Hwee Ang
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A∗STAR), Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Khurshid Merchant
- VIVA-KKH Paediatric Brain and Solid Tumour Programme, Children’s Blood and Cancer Centre, KK Women’s and Children’s Hospital Singapore 229899, Singapore
- Duke-NUS School of Medicine, Singapore 169857, Singapore
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, KK Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Singapore 229899, Singapore
| | - Kenneth Tou En Chang
- VIVA-KKH Paediatric Brain and Solid Tumour Programme, Children’s Blood and Cancer Centre, KK Women’s and Children’s Hospital Singapore 229899, Singapore
- Duke-NUS School of Medicine, Singapore 169857, Singapore
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, KK Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Singapore 229899, Singapore
| | - Hui Yi Yon
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, KK Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Singapore 229899, Singapore
| | - Yong Chen
- Duke-NUS School of Medicine, Singapore 169857, Singapore
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, KK Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Singapore 229899, Singapore
| | - Mathew Hern Wang Cheng
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, KK Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Singapore 229899, Singapore
| | - Arjandas Mahadev
- Duke-NUS School of Medicine, Singapore 169857, Singapore
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, KK Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Singapore 229899, Singapore
| | - Matthew Chau Hsien Ng
- Duke-NUS School of Medicine, Singapore 169857, Singapore
- Department of GI Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore 229899, Singapore
| | - Michaela Su-Fern Seng
- VIVA-KKH Paediatric Brain and Solid Tumour Programme, Children’s Blood and Cancer Centre, KK Women’s and Children’s Hospital Singapore 229899, Singapore
- Duke-NUS School of Medicine, Singapore 169857, Singapore
- Department of Paediatric Subspecialties Haematology/Oncology Service, KK Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Singapore 229899, Singapore
| | - Prasad Iyer
- VIVA-KKH Paediatric Brain and Solid Tumour Programme, Children’s Blood and Cancer Centre, KK Women’s and Children’s Hospital Singapore 229899, Singapore
- Duke-NUS School of Medicine, Singapore 169857, Singapore
- Department of Paediatric Subspecialties Haematology/Oncology Service, KK Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Singapore 229899, Singapore
| | - Pei Ling Chia
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A∗STAR), Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Shui Yen Soh
- VIVA-KKH Paediatric Brain and Solid Tumour Programme, Children’s Blood and Cancer Centre, KK Women’s and Children’s Hospital Singapore 229899, Singapore
- Duke-NUS School of Medicine, Singapore 169857, Singapore
- Department of Paediatric Subspecialties Haematology/Oncology Service, KK Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Singapore 229899, Singapore
| | - Qi Zeng
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A∗STAR), Singapore 138673, Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119260, Singapore
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Brian BF, Sjaastad FV, Freedman TS. SH3-domain mutations selectively disrupt Csk homodimerization or PTPN22 binding. Sci Rep 2022; 12:5875. [PMID: 35393453 PMCID: PMC8989918 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-09589-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The kinase Csk is the primary negative regulator of the Src-family kinases (SFKs, e.g., Lck, Fyn, Lyn, Hck, Fgr, Blk, Yes), phosphorylating a tyrosine on the SFK C-terminal tail that mediates autoinhibition. Csk also binds phosphatases, including PTPN12 (PTP-PEST) and immune-cell PTPN22 (LYP/Pep), which dephosphorylate the SFK activation loop to promote autoinhibition. Csk-binding proteins (e.g., CBP/PAG1) oligomerize within membrane microdomains, and high local concentration promotes Csk function. Purified Csk homodimerizes in solution through an interface that overlaps the phosphatase binding footprint. Here we demonstrate that Csk can homodimerize in Jurkat T cells, in competition with PTPN22 binding. We designed SH3-domain mutations in Csk that selectively impair homodimerization (H21I) or PTPN22 binding (K43D) and verified their kinase activity in solution. Disruption of either interaction in cells, however, decreased the negative-regulatory function of Csk. Csk W47A, a substitution previously reported to block PTPN22 binding, had a secondary effect of impairing homodimerization. Csk H21I and K43D will be useful tools for dissecting the protein-specific drivers of autoimmunity mediated by the human polymorphism PTPN22 R620W, which impairs interaction with Csk and with the E3 ubiquitin ligase TRAF3. Future investigations of Csk homodimer activity and phosphatase interactions may reveal new facets of SFK regulation in hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben F Brian
- Graduate Program in Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.,Division of Immunology and Pathogenesis, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94170, USA
| | - Frances V Sjaastad
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.,Department of Cardiac Rhythm Management, Medtronic, Mounds View, MN, 55112, USA
| | - Tanya S Freedman
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA. .,Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA. .,Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA. .,Center for Autoimmune Diseases Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
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Song Q, Zheng Y, Wu J, Wang S, Meng L, Yao Q, Li Z, Lian S. PTP4A3 Is a Prognostic Biomarker Correlated With Immune Infiltrates in Papillary Renal Cell Carcinoma. Front Immunol 2021; 12:717688. [PMID: 34630392 PMCID: PMC8495008 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.717688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PTP4A3 plays an important role in the tumorigenesis and metastasis of multiple tumors, but its prognostic role in renal cancer is not well understood. We utilized the Oncomine and Tumor Immunoassay Resource databases to examine the differential expression of PTP4A3 in tumor tissues and normal tissues in breast, urinary tract, gastrointestinal tract and skin. Using the GEPIA and PrognoScan databases, the independent prognostic role of PTP4A3 was confirmed in clear cell renal cell cancer and papillary renal cell cancer. Expression of PTP4A3 were obviously higher in tumor tissue compare with normal tissues (P=0.028). We haven’t found the associations of PTP4A3 and clinicopathological features in our IHC cohort. Ectopic expression of PTP4A3 promotes proliferation, migration and invasion and increased the mRNA level of TGFB1 in RCC cell lines. Immunohistochemical staining indicated that the expression of PTP4A3 associates with CD3+ (P =0.037)/CD8+ (P =0.037) intratumor TILs, not with invasive margins in renal cancer. Comprehensive analysis of immune infiltration in the TIMER database correlated PTP4A3 expression with the infiltration of B cells, CD8+ T cells, CD4+ T cells and neutrophils in both clear cell renal cell carcinoma and papillary renal cell carcinoma. PTP4A3 expression was associated with the infiltration of dendritic cells in papillary renal cell carcinoma. We further confirmed that the infiltration of B cells and CD8+ T cells was associated with poor prognosis in papillary renal cell carcinoma patients, consistent with the prognostic role of PTP4A3 in papillary renal cell carcinoma. PTP4A3 expression correlated genes involved in B cells, monocytes, M1 macrophages, Th2 and Treg cells in papillary renal cell carcinoma. These results suggest PTP4A3 as a prognostic factor with a role in regulating immune cell infiltration in papillary renal cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Song
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital); Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yutian Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Junzhou Wu
- Cancer Research Institute, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital); Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sheng Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital); Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lin Meng
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Yao
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Pathology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongwu Li
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Pathology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Shenyi Lian
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Pathology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
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A Crosstalk Between Dual-Specific Phosphatases and Dual-Specific Protein Kinases Can Be A Potential Therapeutic Target for Anti-cancer Therapy. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1275:357-382. [PMID: 33539023 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-49844-3_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
While protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) play an initiative role in growth factor-mediated cellular processes, protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) negatively regulates these processes, acting as tumor suppressors. Besides selective tyrosine dephosphorylation of PTKs via PTPs may affect oncogenic pathways during carcinogenesis. The PTP family contains a group of dual-specificity phosphatases (DUSPs) that regulate the activity of Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), which are key effectors in the control of cell growth, proliferation and survival. Abnormal MAPK signaling is critical for initiation and progression stages of carcinogenesis. Since depletion of DUSP-MAPK phosphatases (MKPs) can reduce tumorigenicity, altering MAPK signaling by DUSP-MKP inhibitors could be a novel strategy in anti-cancer therapy. Moreover, Cdc25A is, a DUSP and a key regulator of the cell cycle, promotes cell cycle progression by dephosphorylating and activating cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK). Cdc25A-CDK pathway is a novel mechanism in carcinogenesis. Besides the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) kinase inhibitors or mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) inhibition in combination with the dual phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K)/mTOR or AKT kinase inhibitors are more effective in inhibiting the phosphorylation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1 (4E-BP1) and cap-dependent translation. Dual targeting of the Akt and mTOR signaling pathways regulates cellular growth, proliferation and survival. Like the Cdc2-like kinases (CLK), dual-specific tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinases (DYRKs) are essential for the regulation of cell fate. The crosstalk between dual-specific phosphatases and dual- specific protein kinases is a novel drug target for anti-cancer therapy. Therefore, the focus of this chapter involves protein kinase modules, critical biochemical checkpoints of cancer therapy and the synergistic effects of protein kinases and anti-cancer molecules.
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Rahmani Z, Safari F. Evaluating the in vitro therapeutic effects of human amniotic mesenchymal stromal cells on MiaPaca2 pancreatic cancer cells using 2D and 3D cell culture model. Tissue Cell 2020; 68:101479. [PMID: 33383360 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2020.101479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Human amniotic mesenchymal stromal cells (hAMSCs) are considered as a population of multipotent cells. The molecular events associated with mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC)/tumor cell interactions should be studied to identify the role of MSCs on suppressing or inducing the key signaling pathways of tumor cells. Thus, designing therapeutic approaches is considered as important. In the present study, hAMSCs and MiaPaca2 cells were first cultured separately. In addition, both cell lines were co-cultured by using 0.4 μm pore sized transwell membranes in different times. Further, the RNA of the cells was extracted, and Bcl2, Bax, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), c-Src, C-terminal Src Kinase (CSK), and SGK223 expression were analyzed through quantitative real time PCR. Furthermore, the total cell lysates of the cells were prepared and analyzed by using western blot. Based on the results, the expression of EGFR, c-Src, SGK223, and CSK in MiaPaca2 cells reduced after treating with hAMSCs. Notably, the cellular apoptosis of MiaPaca2 cells was induced in 2D cell culture system. Further, the anti-cancer activity of conditioned medium from hAMSCs was confirmed in a 3D cell culture model by using hanging drop technique. Finally, hAMSCs have inhibitory effects on pancreatic cancer cells and can be considered as a therapeutic way to suppress EGFR, c-Src, and SGK223, as the potent targets in cancer cell signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Rahmani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Safari
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran.
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Duciel L, Monraz Gomez LC, Kondratova M, Kuperstein I, Saule S. The Phosphatase PRL-3 Is Involved in Key Steps of Cancer Metastasis. J Mol Biol 2019; 431:3056-3067. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2019.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Hardy S, Kostantin E, Hatzihristidis T, Zolotarov Y, Uetani N, Tremblay ML. Physiological and oncogenic roles of thePRLphosphatases. FEBS J 2018; 285:3886-3908. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.14503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Serge Hardy
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre Montréal Canada
| | - Elie Kostantin
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre Montréal Canada
- Department of Biochemistry McGill University Montréal Canada
| | - Teri Hatzihristidis
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre Montréal Canada
- Department of Medicine Division of Experimental Medicine McGill University Montreal Canada
| | - Yevgen Zolotarov
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre Montréal Canada
- Department of Biochemistry McGill University Montréal Canada
| | - Noriko Uetani
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre Montréal Canada
| | - Michel L. Tremblay
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre Montréal Canada
- Department of Biochemistry McGill University Montréal Canada
- Department of Medicine Division of Experimental Medicine McGill University Montreal Canada
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Li C, Jiang Y, Miao R, Qu K, Zhang J, Liu C. MicroRNA-1271 functions as a metastasis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition inhibitor in human HCC by targeting the PTP4A1/c-Src axis. Int J Oncol 2017; 52:536-546. [PMID: 29345291 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2017.4224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) have been shown to regulate hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) metastasis. In the present study, we focused on the functions of miR-1271 in HCC metastasis. The downregulation of miR-1271 was found to be associated with to venous infiltration, an advanced TNM stage (III+IV stage) and a shorter survival time. Our in vitro and in vivo data demonstrated that miR-1271 prevented HCC cell migration and invasion, as well as the formation of lung metastatic clusters. In addition, miR-1271 was demonstrated to markedly inhibit the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of HCC cells. Importantly, protein tyrosine phosphatase type IVA member 1 (PTP4A1) was identified as a direct downstream target of miR-1271 in HCC. Furthermore, we confirmed that the phosphorylation of c-Src at Tyr416 mediated by PTP4A1 was a potential anti-HCC mechanism of action of miR-1271. On the whole, our data indicate that miR-1271 inhibits HCC metastasis by targeting the PTP4A1/c-Src signaling pathway and may serve as a prospective cancer therapeutic target for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Yezhen Jiang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Runchen Miao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Kai Qu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Jingyao Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
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Andersen S, Richardsen E, Rakaee M, Bertilsson H, Bremnes R, Børset M, Busund LT, Slørdahl T. Expression of phosphatase of regenerating liver (PRL)-3, is independently associated with biochemical failure, clinical failure and death in prostate cancer. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0189000. [PMID: 29190795 PMCID: PMC5708709 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Prostate cancer (PC) stratification needs new prognostic tools to reduce overtreatment. Phosphatase of regenerating liver (PRL-3) is a phosphatase found at high levels in several cancer types, where its expression is associated with survival. A recent PC cell line study has shown it to be involved in PC growth and migration. Methods We used a monoclonal antibody to evaluate the expression of PRL-3 in PC tissue of patients in an unselected cohort of 535 prostatectomy patients. We analyzed associations between PRL-3 expression and biochemical failure-free survival (BFFS), clinical failure-free survival (CFFS) and PC death-free survival (PCDFS). Results Cytoplasmic PRL-3 staining in tumor cells was significantly correlated to expression of molecules in the VEGFR-axis, but not to the clinicopathological variables. High PRL-3 was not significantly associated with survival in the univariate analysis for BFFS (p = 0.131), but significantly associated with CFFS (p = 0.044) and PCDFS (p = 0.041). In multivariate analysis for the various end points, PRL-3 came out as an independent and significant indicator of poor survival for BFFS (HR = 1.53, CI95% 1.10–2.13, p = 0.012), CFFS (HR = 2.41, CI95% 1.17–4.98, p = 0.017) and PCDFS (HR = 3.99, CI95% 1.21–13.1, p = 0.023). Conclusions PRL-3 is independently associated with all PC endpoints in this study. Since high PRL-3 expression also correlates with poor prognosis in other cancers and functional studies in PC support these findings, PRL-3 emerges as a potential treatment target in PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigve Andersen
- Translational Cancer Research Group, Department Clinical Medicine, UiT, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromso, Norway
- Department Oncology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromso, Norway
- * E-mail:
| | - Elin Richardsen
- Translational Cancer Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, UiT, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromso, Norway
- Department Pathology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromso, Norway
| | - Mehrdad Rakaee
- Translational Cancer Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, UiT, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromso, Norway
| | - Helena Bertilsson
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Urology, St. Olavs Hospital - Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Roy Bremnes
- Translational Cancer Research Group, Department Clinical Medicine, UiT, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromso, Norway
- Department Oncology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromso, Norway
| | - Magne Børset
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, St. Olavs Hospital - Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Lill-Tove Busund
- Translational Cancer Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, UiT, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromso, Norway
- Department Pathology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromso, Norway
| | - Tobias Slørdahl
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Hematology, St. Olavs Hospital - Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
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Antibody Array Revealed PRL-3 Affects Protein Phosphorylation and Cytokine Secretion. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0169665. [PMID: 28068414 PMCID: PMC5222497 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphatase of regenerating liver 3 (PRL-3) promotes cancer metastasis and progression via increasing cell motility and invasiveness, however the mechanism is still not fully understood. Previous reports showed that PRL-3 increases the phosphorylation of many important proteins and suspected that PRL-3-enhanced protein phosphorylation may be due to its regulation on cytokines. To investigate PRL-3's impact on protein phosphorylation and cytokine secretion, we performed antibody arrays against protein phosphorylation and cytokines separately. The data showed that PRL-3 could enhance tyrosine phosphorylation and serine/threonine phosphorylation of diverse signaling proteins. Meanwhile, PRL-3 could affect the secretion of a subset of cytokines. Furthermore, we discovered the PRL-3-increased IL-1α secretion was regulated by NF-κB and Jak2-Stat3 pathways and inhibiting IL-1α could reduce PRL-3-enhanced cell migration. Therefore, our result indicated that PRL-3 promotes protein phosphorylation by acting as an 'activator kinase' and consequently regulates cytokine secretion.
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Abdollahi P, Vandsemb EN, Hjort MA, Misund K, Holien T, Sponaas AM, Rø TB, Slørdahl TS, Børset M. Src Family Kinases Are Regulated in Multiple Myeloma Cells by Phosphatase of Regenerating Liver-3. Mol Cancer Res 2016; 15:69-77. [DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-16-0212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Revised: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Lian S, Meng L, Xing X, Yang Y, Qu L, Shou C. PRL-3 promotes cell adhesion by interacting with JAM2 in colon cancer. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:1661-1666. [PMID: 27588115 PMCID: PMC4998106 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.4836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphatase of regenerating liver-3 (PRL-3), also termed PTP4A3, is a metastasis-related protein tyrosine phosphatase. Its expression levels are significantly correlated with the progression and survival of a wide range of malignant tumors. However, the mechanism by which PRL-3 promotes tumor invasion and metastasis is not clear. In the present study, the functions of PRL-3 were systemically analyzed in the key events of metastasis including, motility and adhesion. A cell wounding assay, cell spread assay and cell-matrix adhesion assay were carried out to analyze the cell movement and cell adhesion ability of colon cancer, immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence assay was confirmed the interaction of PRL-3 and JAM2. It was demonstrated that PRL-3 promoted the motility of Flp-In-293 and LoVo colon cancer cells and increased the distribution of cell skeleton proteins on the cell protrusions. In addition, stably expressing PRL-3 reduced the spreading speed of colon cancer cells and cell adhesion on uncoated, fibronectin-coated and collagen I-coated plates. Mechanistically, junction adhesion molecular 2 (JAM2) was identified as a novel interacting protein of PRL-3. The findings of the present study revealed the roles of PRL-3 in cancer cell motility and adhesion process, and provided information on the possibility of PRL-3 increase cell-cell adhesion by associating with JAM2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenyi Lian
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, P.R. China
| | - Lin Meng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, P.R. China
| | - Xiaofang Xing
- Department of Gastrointestinal Translational Research, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, P.R. China
| | - Yongyong Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, P.R. China
| | - Like Qu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, P.R. China
| | - Chengchao Shou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, P.R. China
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Dong Q, Ding X, Chang B, Wang H, Wang A. PRL-3 promotes migration and invasion and is associated with poor prognosis in salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma. J Oral Pathol Med 2015; 45:111-8. [PMID: 26041460 PMCID: PMC5032974 DOI: 10.1111/jop.12331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND PRL-3 had been found to be involved in tumorigenesis in various malignancies. In this study, we investigated the role of PRL-3 in the development, migration, and invasion of salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma (SACC). METHODS Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to analyze the role of PRL-3 in the development and prognosis of SACC. Then, we overexpressed or inhibited the expression of PRL-3 in paired SACC cells to analyze the role of PRL-3 in the migration and invasion of SACC. In vitro migration and invasion assays were used. Western blotting was used to detect metastasis-related protein levels. RESULTS IHC results confirmed that the deregulation of PRL-3 was a frequent event in SACC; the upregulation of PRL-3 was related to clinical stages, vital status, and distant metastasis, which was associated with reduced overall survival and disease-free survival. SACC-LM cells with higher migratory and invasive abilities had more robust PRL-3 protein expression than SACC-83 cells with lower migratory and invasive abilities. PRL-3 overexpression promoted cell migration, invasion, and proliferation, led to simultaneous upregulation of phosphorylated PRL-3, pERK1/2, Slug, vimentin, and downregulation of E-cadherin in SACC-83 cells. However, the inhibition of PRL-3 by PRL-3 inhibitor or PRL-3 siRNA in SACC-LM cells inhibited cell migration, invasion, and proliferation, resulted in simultaneous downregulation of phosphorylated PRL-3, pERK1/2, Slug, vimentin, and upregulation of E-cadherin. CONCLUSIONS Our results confirm that PRL-3 plays an important role in the development of SACC and contributes to the migratory and invasive abilities of SACC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Dong
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xueqiang Ding
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Boyang Chang
- State Key Laboratory Oncology in Southern China, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Haihe Wang
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Anxun Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Campbell AM, Zhang ZY. Phosphatase of regenerating liver: a novel target for cancer therapy. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2014; 18:555-69. [PMID: 24579927 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2014.892926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Phosphatases of regenerating livers (PRLs) are novel oncogenes that interact with many well-established cell signaling pathways that are misregulated in cancer, and are known to drive cancer metastasis when overexpressed. AREAS COVERED This review covers basic information of the discovery and characteristics of the PRL family. We also report findings on the role of PRL in cancer, cell functions and cell signaling. Furthermore, PRL's suitability as a novel drug target is discussed along with current methods being developed to facilitate PRL inhibition. EXPERT OPINION PRLs show great potential as novel drug targets for anticancer therapeutics. Studies indicate that PRL can perturb major cancer pathways such as Src/ERK1/2 and PTEN/PI3K/Akt. Upregulation of PRLs has also been shown to drive cancer metastasis. However, in order to fully realize its therapeutic potential, a deeper understanding of the function of PRL in normal tissue and in cancer must be obtained. Novel and integrated biochemical, chemical, biological, and genetic approaches will be needed to identify PRL substrate(s) and to provide proof-of-concept data on the druggability of the PRL phosphatases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda M Campbell
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , John D. Van Nuys Medical Science Building, Room 4053A, 635 Barnhill Drive, Indianapolis, IN 46202-5126 , USA
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Intra-cellular tyrosine kinase. Mol Oncol 2013. [DOI: 10.1017/cbo9781139046947.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Walls CD, Iliuk A, Bai Y, Wang M, Tao WA, Zhang ZY. Phosphatase of regenerating liver 3 (PRL3) provokes a tyrosine phosphoproteome to drive prometastatic signal transduction. Mol Cell Proteomics 2013; 12:3759-77. [PMID: 24030100 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m113.028886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphatase of regenerating liver 3 (PRL3) is suspected to be a causative factor toward cellular metastasis when in excess. To date, the molecular basis for PRL3 function remains an enigma, making efforts at distilling a concerted mechanism for PRL3-mediated metastatic dissemination very difficult. We previously discovered that PRL3 expressing cells exhibit a pronounced increase in protein tyrosine phosphorylation. Here we take an unbiased mass spectrometry-based approach toward identifying the phosphoproteins exhibiting enhanced levels of tyrosine phosphorylation with a goal to define the "PRL3-mediated signaling network." Phosphoproteomic data support intracellular activation of an extensive signaling network normally governed by extracellular ligand-activated transmembrane growth factor, cytokine, and integrin receptors in the PRL3 cells. Additionally, data implicate the Src tyrosine kinase as the major intracellular kinase responsible for "hijacking" this network and provide strong evidence that aberrant Src activation is a major consequence of PRL3 overexpression. Importantly, the data support a PDGF(α/β)-, Eph (A2/B3/B4)-, and Integrin (β1/β5)-receptor array as being the predominant network coordinator in the PRL3 cells, corroborating a PRL3-induced mesenchymal-state. Within this network, we find that tyrosine phosphorylation is increased on a multitude of signaling effectors responsible for Rho-family GTPase, PI3K-Akt, STAT, and ERK activation, linking observations made by the field as a whole under Src as a primary signal transducer. Our phosphoproteomic data paint the most comprehensive picture to date of how PRL3 drives prometastatic molecular events through Src activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad D Walls
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Drive, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202
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Al-aidaroos AQO, Yuen HF, Guo K, Zhang SD, Chung TH, Chng WJ, Zeng Q. Metastasis-associated PRL-3 induces EGFR activation and addiction in cancer cells. J Clin Invest 2013; 123:3459-71. [PMID: 23867504 PMCID: PMC4011027 DOI: 10.1172/jci66824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2012] [Accepted: 05/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis-associated phosphatase of regenerating liver-3 (PRL-3) has pleiotropic effects in driving cancer progression, yet the signaling mechanisms of PRL-3 are still not fully understood. Here, we provide evidence for PRL-3-induced hyperactivation of EGFR and its downstream signaling cascades in multiple human cancer cell lines. Mechanistically, PRL-3-induced activation of EGFR was attributed primarily to transcriptional downregulation of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B), an inhibitory phosphatase for EGFR. Functionally, PRL-3-induced hyperactivation of EGFR correlated with increased cell growth, promigratory characteristics, and tumorigenicity. Moreover, PRL-3 induced cellular addiction to EGFR signaling, as evidenced by the pronounced reversion of these oncogenic attributes upon EGFR-specific inhibition. Of clinical significance, we verified elevated PRL-3 expression as a predictive marker for favorable therapeutic response in a heterogeneous colorectal cancer (CRC) patient cohort treated with the clinically approved anti-EGFR antibody cetuximab. The identification of PRL-3-driven EGFR hyperactivation and consequential addiction to EGFR signaling opens new avenues for inhibiting PRL-3-driven cancer progression. We propose that elevated PRL-3 expression is an important clinical predictive biomarker for favorable anti-EGFR cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Qader Omer Al-aidaroos
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), Singapore.
Center for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen’s University of Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom.
Haematological Malignancy Genomics Lab, Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, Singapore National University Health System, Singapore.
Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hiu Fung Yuen
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), Singapore.
Center for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen’s University of Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom.
Haematological Malignancy Genomics Lab, Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, Singapore National University Health System, Singapore.
Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ke Guo
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), Singapore.
Center for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen’s University of Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom.
Haematological Malignancy Genomics Lab, Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, Singapore National University Health System, Singapore.
Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shu Dong Zhang
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), Singapore.
Center for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen’s University of Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom.
Haematological Malignancy Genomics Lab, Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, Singapore National University Health System, Singapore.
Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tae-Hoon Chung
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), Singapore.
Center for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen’s University of Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom.
Haematological Malignancy Genomics Lab, Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, Singapore National University Health System, Singapore.
Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wee Joo Chng
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), Singapore.
Center for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen’s University of Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom.
Haematological Malignancy Genomics Lab, Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, Singapore National University Health System, Singapore.
Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Qi Zeng
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), Singapore.
Center for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen’s University of Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom.
Haematological Malignancy Genomics Lab, Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, Singapore National University Health System, Singapore.
Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Saud SM, Young MR, Jones-Hall YL, Ileva L, Evbuomwan MO, Wise J, Colburn NH, Kim YS, Bobe G. Chemopreventive activity of plant flavonoid isorhamnetin in colorectal cancer is mediated by oncogenic Src and β-catenin. Cancer Res 2013; 73:5473-84. [PMID: 23824743 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-13-0525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Analysis of the Polyp Prevention Trial showed an association between an isorhamnetin-rich diet and a reduced risk of advanced adenoma recurrence; however, the mechanism behind the chemoprotective effects of isorhamnetin remains unclear. Here, we show that isorhamnetin prevents colorectal tumorigenesis of FVB/N mice treated with the chemical carcinogen azoxymethane and subsequently exposed to colonic irritant dextran sodium sulfate (DSS). Dietary isorhamnetin decreased mortality, tumor number, and tumor burden by 62%, 35%, and 59%, respectively. MRI, histopathology, and immunohistochemical analysis revealed that dietary isorhamnetin resolved the DSS-induced inflammatory response faster than the control diet. Isorhamnetin inhibited AOM/DSS-induced oncogenic c-Src activation and β-catenin nuclear translocation, while promoting the expression of C-terminal Src kinase (CSK), a negative regulator of Src family of tyrosine kinases. Similarly, in HT-29 colon cancer cells, isorhamnetin inhibited oncogenic Src activity and β-catenin nuclear translocation by inducing expression of csk, as verified by RNA interference knockdown of csk. Our observations suggest the chemoprotective effects of isorhamnetin in colon cancer are linked to its anti-inflammatory activities and its inhibition of oncogenic Src activity and consequential loss of nuclear β-catenin, activities that are dependent on CSK expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shakir M Saud
- Nutritional Science Research Group, Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
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Pagarigan KT, Bunn BW, Goodchild J, Rahe TK, Weis JF, Saucedo LJ. Drosophila PRL-1 is a growth inhibitor that counteracts the function of the Src oncogene. PLoS One 2013; 8:e61084. [PMID: 23577193 PMCID: PMC3620046 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0061084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2012] [Accepted: 03/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphatase of Regenerating Liver (PRL) family members have emerged as molecular markers that significantly correlate to the ability of many cancers to metastasize. However, contradictory cellular responses to PRL expression have been reported, including the inhibition of cell cycle progression. An obvious culprit for the discrepancy is the use of dozens of different cell lines, including many isolated from tumors or cultured cells selected for immortalization which may have missing or mutated modulators of PRL function. We created transgenic Drosophila to study the effects of PRL overexpression in a genetically controlled, organismal model. Our data support the paradigm that the normal cellular response to high levels of PRL is growth suppression and furthermore, that PRL can counter oncogenic activity of Src. The ability of PRL to inhibit growth under normal conditions is dependent on a CAAX motif that is required to localize PRL to the apical edge of the lateral membrane. However, PRL lacking the CAAX motif can still associate indiscriminately with the plasma membrane and retains its ability to inhibit Src function. We propose that PRL binds to other membrane-localized proteins that are effectors of Src or to Src itself. This first examination of PRL in a model organism demonstrates that PRL performs as a tumor suppressor and underscores the necessity of identifying the conditions that enable it to transform into an oncogene in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krystle T. Pagarigan
- Department of Biology, University of Puget Sound, Tacoma, Washington, United States of America
| | - Bryce W. Bunn
- Department of Biology, University of Puget Sound, Tacoma, Washington, United States of America
| | - Jake Goodchild
- Department of Biology, University of Puget Sound, Tacoma, Washington, United States of America
| | - Travis K. Rahe
- Department of Biology, University of Puget Sound, Tacoma, Washington, United States of America
- Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Julie F. Weis
- Department of Biology, University of Puget Sound, Tacoma, Washington, United States of America
| | - Leslie J. Saucedo
- Department of Biology, University of Puget Sound, Tacoma, Washington, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Lian S, Meng L, Liu C, Xing X, Song Q, Dong B, Han Y, Yang Y, Peng L, Qu L, Shou C. PRL-3 activates NF-κB signaling pathway by interacting with RAP1. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012. [PMID: 23178297 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.11.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Phosphatase of regenerating liver (PRL-3) promotes cancer metastasis through enhanced cell motility and invasiveness, however its role in tumorigenesis remains unclear. Herein, we reported that PRL-3 interacts with telomere-related protein RAP1. PRL-3 promotes the cytosolic localization of RAP1, which is counteracted by silencing of PRL-3. Immunohistochemical staining of colon cancer tissue array (n=170) revealed that high level of PRL-3 associates with cytosolic localization of RAP1 (p=0.01). Microarray analysis showed that PRL-3 regulates expression of diverse genes and enhances phosphorylation of p65 subunit of NF-κB in a RAP1-dependent manner. Furthermore, PRL-3 transcriptionally activates RAP1 expression, which is counteracted by ablating p65. Therefore, our results demonstrate PRL-3 as a novel regulator of NF-κB signaling pathway through RAP1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenyi Lian
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
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McParland V, Varsano G, Li X, Thornton J, Baby J, Aravind A, Meyer C, Pavic K, Rios P, Köhn M. The metastasis-promoting phosphatase PRL-3 shows activity toward phosphoinositides. Biochemistry 2011; 50:7579-90. [PMID: 21806020 DOI: 10.1021/bi201095z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Phosphatase of regenerating liver 3 (PRL-3) is suggested as a biomarker and therapeutic target in several cancers. It has a well-established causative role in cancer metastasis. However, little is known about its natural substrates, pathways, and biological functions, and only a few protein substrates have been suggested so far. To improve our understanding of the substrate specificity and molecular determinants of PRL-3 activity, the wild-type (WT) protein, two supposedly catalytically inactive mutants D72A and C104S, and the reported hyperactive mutant A111S were tested in vitro for substrate specificity and activity toward phosphopeptides and phosphoinositides (PIPs), their structural stability, and their ability to promote cell migration using stable HEK293 cell lines. We discovered that WT PRL-3 does not dephosphorylate the tested phosphopeptides in vitro. However, as shown by two complementary biochemical assays, PRL-3 is active toward the phosphoinositide PI(4,5)P(2). Our experimental results substantiated by molecular docking studies suggest that PRL-3 is a phosphatidylinositol 5-phosphatase. The C104S variant was shown to be not only catalytically inactive but also structurally destabilized and unable to promote cell migration, whereas WT PRL-3 promotes cell migration. The D72A mutant is structurally stable and does not dephosphorylate the unnatural substrate 3-O-methylfluorescein phosphate (OMFP). However, we observed residual in vitro activity of D72A against PI(4,5)P(2), and in accordance with this, it exhibits the same cellular phenotype as WT PRL-3. Our analysis of the A111S variant shows that the hyperactivity toward the unnatural OMFP substrate is not apparent in dephosphorylation assays with phosphoinositides: the mutant is completely inactive against PIPs. We observed significant structural destabilization of this variant. The cellular phenotype of this mutant equals that of the catalytically inactive C104S mutant. These results provide a possible explanation for the absence of the conserved Ser of the PTP catalytic motif in the PRL family. The correlation of the phosphatase activity toward PI(4,5)P(2) with the observed phenotypes for WT PRL-3 and the mutants suggests a link between the PI(4,5)P(2) dephosphorylation by PRL-3 and its role in cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria McParland
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Genome Biology Unit, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
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Awasthi R, Rathore RKS, Soni P, Sahoo P, Awasthi A, Husain N, Behari S, Singh RK, Pandey CM, Gupta RK. Discriminant analysis to classify glioma grading using dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI and immunohistochemical markers. Neuroradiology 2011; 54:205-13. [PMID: 21541688 DOI: 10.1007/s00234-011-0874-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2011] [Accepted: 04/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The purpose of the present study was to look for the possible predictors which might discriminate between high- and low-grade gliomas by pooling dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE)-perfusion derived indices and immunohistochemical markers. METHODS DCE-MRI was performed in 76 patients with different grades of gliomas. Perfusion indices, i.e., relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV), relative cerebral blood flow (rCBF), permeability (k (trans) and k (ep)), and leakage (v (e)) were quantified. MMP-9-, PRL-3-, HIF-1α-, and VEGF-expressing cells were quantified from the excised tumor tissues. Discriminant function analysis using these markers was used to identify discriminatory variables using a stepwise procedure. To look for correlations between immunohistochemical parameters and DCE metrics, Pearson's correlation coefficient was also used. RESULTS A discriminant function for differentiating between high- and low-grade tumors was constructed using DCE-MRI-derived rCBV, k (ep), and v (e). The form of the functions estimated are "D (1) = 0.642 × rCBV + 0.591 × k (ep) - 1.501 × v (e) - 1.550" and "D (2) = 1.608 × rCBV + 3.033 × k (ep) + 5.508 × v (e) - 8.784" for low- and high-grade tumors, respectively. This function classified overall 92.1% of the cases correctly (89.1% high-grade tumors and 100% low-grade tumors). In addition, VEGF expression correlated with rCBV and rCBF, whereas MMP-9 expression correlated with k (ep). A significant positive correlation of HIF-1α with rCBV and VEGF expression was also found. CONCLUSION DCE-MRI may be used to differentiate between high-grade and low-grade brain tumors non-invasively, which may be helpful in appropriate treatment planning and management of these patients. The correlation of its indices with immunohistochemical markers suggests that this imaging technique is useful in tissue characterization of gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishi Awasthi
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
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Al-Aidaroos AQO, Zeng Q. PRL-3 phosphatase and cancer metastasis. J Cell Biochem 2011; 111:1087-98. [PMID: 21053359 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.22913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The deregulated expression of members of the phosphatase of regenerating liver (PRL) family has been implicated in the metastatic progression of multiple human cancers. Importantly, PRL-1 and PRL-3 both possess the capacity to drive key steps in metastatic progression. Yet, little is known about the regulation and oncogenic mechanisms of this emerging class of dual-specificity phosphatases. This prospect article details the involvement of PRLs in the metastatic cascade, the regulatory mechanisms controlling PRL expression, and recent efforts in the characterization of PRL-modulated pathways and substrates using biochemical and high-throughput approaches. Current advances and future prospects in anti-cancer therapy targeting this family are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Qader O Al-Aidaroos
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore 138648, Republic of Singapore
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Abstract
Members of the protein tyrosine phosphatase (Ptp) family dephosphorylate target proteins and counter the activities of protein tyrosine kinases that are involved in cellular phosphorylation and signalling. As such, certain PTPs might be tumour suppressors. Indeed, PTPs play an important part in the inhibition or control of growth, but accumulating evidence indicates that some PTPs may exert oncogenic functions. Recent large-scale genetic analyses of various human tumours have highlighted the relevance of PTPs either as putative tumour suppressors or as candidate oncoproteins. Progress in understanding the regulation and function of PTPs has provided insights into which PTPs might be potential therapeutic targets in human cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofi G Julien
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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27
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Hardy S, Wong NN, Muller WJ, Park M, Tremblay ML. Overexpression of the Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase PRL-2 Correlates with Breast Tumor Formation and Progression. Cancer Res 2010; 70:8959-67. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-10-2041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Butler JS, Palam LR, Tate CM, Sanford JR, Wek RC, Skalnik DG. DNA Methyltransferase protein synthesis is reduced in CXXC finger protein 1-deficient embryonic stem cells. DNA Cell Biol 2009; 28:223-31. [PMID: 19388845 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2009.0854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
CXXC finger protein 1 (CFP1) binds to unmethylated CpG dinucleotides and is required for embryogenesis. CFP1 is also a component of the Setd1A and Setd1B histone H3K4 methyltransferase complexes. Murine embryonic stem (ES) cells lacking CFP1 fail to differentiate, and exhibit a 70% reduction in global genomic cytosine methylation and a 50% reduction in DNA methyltransferase (DNMT1) protein and activity. This study investigated the underlying mechanism for reduced DNMT1 expression in CFP1-deficient ES cells. DNMT1 transcript levels were significantly elevated in ES cells lacking CFP1, despite the observed reduction in DNMT1 protein levels. To address the posttranscriptional mechanisms by which CFP1 regulates DNMT1 protein activity, pulse/chase analyses were carried out, demonstrating a modest reduction in DNMT1 protein half-life in CFP1-deficient ES cells. Additionally, global protein synthesis was decreased in ES cells lacking CFP1, contributing to a reduction in the synthesis of DNMT1 protein. ES cells lacking CFP1 were found to contain elevated levels of phosphorylated eIF2alpha, and an accompanying reduction in translation initiation as revealed by a lower level of polyribosomes. These results reveal a novel role for CFP1 in the regulation of translation initiation, and indicate that loss of CFP1 function leads to decreased DNMT1 protein synthesis and half-life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill S Butler
- Section of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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