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Demerdash Y, Kain B, Essers MAG, King KY. Yin and Yang: The dual effects of interferons on hematopoiesis. Exp Hematol 2021; 96:1-12. [PMID: 33571568 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2021.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Interferons are an ancient and well-conserved group of inflammatory cytokines most famous for their role in viral immunity. A decade ago, we discovered that interferons also play an important role in the biology of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), which are responsible for lifelong blood production. Though we have learned a great deal about the role of interferons on HSC quiescence, differentiation, and self-renewal, there remains some controversy regarding how interferons impact these stem cells, with differing conclusions depending on experimental models and clinical context. Here, we review the contradictory roles of Type 1 and 2 interferons in hematopoiesis. Specifically, we highlight the roles of interferons in embryonic and adult hematopoiesis, along with short-term and long-term adaptive and maladaptive responses to inflammation. We discuss experimental challenges in the study of these powerful yet short-lived cytokines and strategies to address those challenges. We further review the contribution by interferons to disease states including bone marrow failure and aplastic anemia as well as their therapeutic use to treat myeloproliferative neoplasms and viral infections, including SARS-CoV2. Understanding the opposing effects of interferons on hematopoiesis will elucidate immune responses and bone marrow failure syndromes, and future therapeutic approaches for patients undergoing HSC transplantation or fighting infectious diseases and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmin Demerdash
- Division Inflammatory Stress in Stem Cells, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (HI-STEM gGMBH), Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Biosciences, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bailee Kain
- Program in Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Marieke A G Essers
- Division Inflammatory Stress in Stem Cells, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (HI-STEM gGMBH), Heidelberg, Germany; DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Katherine Y King
- Program in Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Pediatrics, Section of Infectious Diseases and Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX.
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2
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The Enigmatic Protein Kinase C-eta. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11020214. [PMID: 30781807 PMCID: PMC6406448 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11020214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein kinase C (PKC), a multi-gene family, plays critical roles in signal transduction and cell regulation. Protein kinase C-eta (PKCη) is a unique member of the PKC family since its regulation is distinct from other PKC isozymes. PKCη was shown to regulate cell proliferation, differentiation and cell death. It was also shown to contribute to chemoresistance in several cancers. PKCη has been associated with several cancers, including renal cell carcinoma, glioblastoma, breast cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, and acute myeloid leukemia. However, mice lacking PKCη were more susceptible to tumor formation in a two-stage carcinogenesis model, and it is downregulated in hepatocellular carcinoma. Thus, the role of PKCη in cancer remains controversial. The purpose of this review article is to discuss how PKCη regulates various cellular processes that may contribute to its contrasting roles in cancer.
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Oji S, Nicolussi EM, Kaufmann N, Zeka B, Schanda K, Fujihara K, Illes Z, Dahle C, Reindl M, Lassmann H, Bradl M. Experimental Neuromyelitis Optica Induces a Type I Interferon Signature in the Spinal Cord. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0151244. [PMID: 26990978 PMCID: PMC4798752 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is an acute inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS) which predominantly affects spinal cord and optic nerves. Most patients harbor pathogenic autoantibodies, the so-called NMO-IgGs, which are directed against the water channel aquaporin 4 (AQP4) on astrocytes. When these antibodies gain access to the CNS, they mediate astrocyte destruction by complement-dependent and by antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. In contrast to multiple sclerosis (MS) patients who benefit from therapies involving type I interferons (I-IFN), NMO patients typically do not profit from such treatments. How is I-IFN involved in NMO pathogenesis? To address this question, we made gene expression profiles of spinal cords from Lewis rat models of experimental neuromyelitis optica (ENMO) and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). We found an upregulation of I-IFN signature genes in EAE spinal cords, and a further upregulation of these genes in ENMO. To learn whether the local I-IFN signature is harmful or beneficial, we induced ENMO by transfer of CNS antigen-specific T cells and NMO-IgG, and treated the animals with I-IFN at the very onset of clinical symptoms, when the blood-brain barrier was open. With this treatment regimen, we could amplify possible effects of the I-IFN induced genes on the transmigration of infiltrating cells through the blood brain barrier, and on lesion formation and expansion, but could avoid effects of I-IFN on the differentiation of pathogenic T and B cells in the lymph nodes. We observed that I-IFN treated ENMO rats had spinal cord lesions with fewer T cells, macrophages/activated microglia and activated neutrophils, and less astrocyte damage than their vehicle treated counterparts, suggesting beneficial effects of I-IFN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Oji
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Center for Brain Research, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Eva-Maria Nicolussi
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Center for Brain Research, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nathalie Kaufmann
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Center for Brain Research, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bleranda Zeka
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Center for Brain Research, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kathrin Schanda
- Clinical Department of Neurology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Kazuo Fujihara
- Departments of Multiple Sclerosis Therapeutics and Neurology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Zsolt Illes
- Department of Neurology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Charlotte Dahle
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Markus Reindl
- Clinical Department of Neurology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Hans Lassmann
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Center for Brain Research, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Monika Bradl
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Center for Brain Research, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- * E-mail:
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Aboulnasr F, Hazari S, Nayak S, Chandra PK, Panigrahi R, Ferraris P, Chava S, Kurt R, Song K, Dash A, Balart LA, Garry RF, Wu T, Dash S. IFN-λ Inhibits MiR-122 Transcription through a Stat3-HNF4α Inflammatory Feedback Loop in an IFN-α Resistant HCV Cell Culture System. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0141655. [PMID: 26657215 PMCID: PMC4686105 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0141655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND HCV replication in persistently infected cell culture remains resistant to IFN-α/RBV combination treatment, whereas IFN-λ1 induces viral clearance. The antiviral mechanisms by which IFN-λ1 induces sustained HCV clearance have not been determined. AIM To investigate the mechanisms by which IFN-λ clears HCV replication in an HCV cell culture model. METHODS IFN-α sensitive (S3-GFP) and resistant (R4-GFP) cells were treated with equivalent concentrations of either IFN-α or IFN-λ. The relative antiviral effects of IFN-α and IFN-λ1 were compared by measuring the HCV replication, quantification of HCV-GFP expression by flow cytometry, and viral RNA levels by real time RT-PCR. Activation of Jak-Stat signaling, interferon stimulated gene (ISG) expression, and miRNA-122 transcription in S3-GFP and R4-GFP cells were examined. RESULTS We have shown that IFN-λ1 induces HCV clearance in IFN-α resistant and sensitive replicon cell lines in a dose dependent manner through Jak-Stat signaling, and induces STAT 1 and STAT 2 activation, ISRE-luciferase promoter activation and ISG expression. Stat 3 activation is also involved in IFN-λ1 induced antiviral activity in HCV cell culture. IFN-λ1 induced Stat 3 phosphorylation reduces the expression of hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha (HNF4α) through miR-24 in R4-GFP cells. Reduced expression of HNF4α is associated with decreased expression of miR-122 resulting in an anti-HCV effect. Northern blot analysis confirms that IFN-λ1 reduces miR-122 levels in R4-GFP cells. Our results indicate that IFN-λ1 activates the Stat 3-HNF4α feedback inflammatory loop to inhibit miR-122 transcription in HCV cell culture. CONCLUSIONS In addition to the classical Jak-Stat antiviral signaling pathway, IFN-λ1 inhibits HCV replication through the suppression of miRNA-122 transcription via an inflammatory Stat 3-HNF4α feedback loop. Inflammatory feedback circuits activated by IFNs during chronic inflammation expose non-responders to the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Aboulnasr
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA-70112, United States of America
| | - Sidhartha Hazari
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA-70112, United States of America
| | - Satyam Nayak
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA-70112, United States of America
| | - Partha K. Chandra
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA-70112, United States of America
| | - Rajesh Panigrahi
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA-70112, United States of America
| | - Pauline Ferraris
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA-70112, United States of America
| | - Srinivas Chava
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA-70112, United States of America
| | - Ramazan Kurt
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology
| | - Kyongsub Song
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA-70112, United States of America
| | - Asha Dash
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA-70112, United States of America
| | - Luis A. Balart
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology
| | - Robert F. Garry
- Microbiology and Immunology Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA-70112, United States of America
| | - Tong Wu
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA-70112, United States of America
| | - Srikanta Dash
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA-70112, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology
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5
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Kroczynska B, Rafidi RL, Majchrzak-Kita B, Kosciuczuk EM, Blyth GT, Jemielity J, Warminska Z, Saleiro D, Mehrotra S, Arslan AD, Fish EN, Platanias LC. Interferon γ (IFNγ) Signaling via Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 2 (mTORC2) and Regulatory Effects in the Generation of Type II Interferon Biological Responses. J Biol Chem 2015; 291:2389-96. [PMID: 26645692 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.664995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
We provide evidence for a unique pathway engaged by the type II IFN receptor, involving mTORC2/AKT-mediated downstream regulation of mTORC1 and effectors. These events are required for formation of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4F complex (eIF4F) and initiation of mRNA translation of type II interferon-stimulated genes. Our studies establish that Rictor is essential for the generation of type II IFN-dependent antiviral and antiproliferative responses and that it controls the generation of type II IFN-suppressive effects on normal and malignant hematopoiesis. Together, our findings establish a central role for mTORC2 in IFNγ signaling and type II IFN responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Kroczynska
- From the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center and Division of Hematology-Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, the Department of Radiation Oncology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Robert L Rafidi
- From the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center and Division of Hematology-Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Beata Majchrzak-Kita
- the Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, and Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2MI, Canada
| | - Ewa M Kosciuczuk
- From the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center and Division of Hematology-Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, the Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60612
| | - Gavin T Blyth
- From the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center and Division of Hematology-Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Jacek Jemielity
- the Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland, and
| | - Zofia Warminska
- the Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland, and the College of Inter-Faculty Individual Studies in Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Warsaw, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Diana Saleiro
- From the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center and Division of Hematology-Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Swarna Mehrotra
- From the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center and Division of Hematology-Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Ahmet Dirim Arslan
- From the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center and Division of Hematology-Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Eleanor N Fish
- the Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, and Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2MI, Canada
| | - Leonidas C Platanias
- From the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center and Division of Hematology-Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, the Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60612,
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6
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Reetz O, Stadler K, Strauss U. Protein kinase C activation mediates interferon-β-induced neuronal excitability changes in neocortical pyramidal neurons. J Neuroinflammation 2014; 11:185. [PMID: 25359459 PMCID: PMC4222407 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-014-0185-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cytokines are key players in the interactions of the immune and nervous systems. Recently, we showed that such interplay is mediated by type I interferons (IFNs), which elevate the excitability of neocortical pyramidal neurons. A line of indirect evidence suggested that modulation of multiple ion channels underlies the effect. However, which currents are principally involved and how the IFN signaling cascade is linked to the respective ion channels remains elusive. METHODS We tested several single and combined ionic current modulations using an in silico model of a neocortical layer 5 neuron. Subsequently we investigated resulting predictions by whole-cell patch-clamp recordings in layer 5 neurons of ex vivo neocortical rat brain slices pharmacologically reproducing or prohibiting neuronal IFN effects. RESULTS The amount and type of modulation necessary to replicate IFN effects in silico suggested protein kinase C (PKC) activation as link between the type I IFN signaling and ion channel modulations. In line with this, PKC activation with 4β-phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (4β-PMA) or Bryostatin1 augmented the excitability of neocortical layer 5 neurons comparable to IFN-β in our ex vivo recordings. In detail, both PKC activators attenuated the rheobase and increased the input-output gain as well as the input resistance, thereby augmenting the neuronal excitability. Similar to IFN-β they also left the threshold of action potential generation unaffected. In further support of PKC mediating type I IFN effects, IFN-β, 4β-PMA and Bryostatin1 reduced the amplitude of post-train after-hyperpolarizations in a similar manner. In conjunction with this finding, IFN-β reduced M-currents, which contribute to after-hyperpolarizations and are modulated by PKC. Finally, blocking PKC activation with GF109203X at the catalytic site or calphostin C at the regulatory site prevented the main excitatory effects of IFN-β. CONCLUSION Multiple ion channel modulations underlie the neuromodulatory effect of type I IFNs. PKC activation is both sufficient and necessary for mediating the effect, and links the IFN signaling cascade to the intrinsic ion channels. Therefore, we regard PKC activation as unitary mechanism for the neuromodulatory potential of type I IFNs in neocortical neurons.
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7
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Pal D, Basu A. The unique protein kinase Cη: implications for breast cancer (review). Int J Oncol 2014; 45:493-8. [PMID: 24841225 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2014.2443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Deregulation of key signal transduction pathways that govern important cellular processes leads to cancer. The development of effective therapeutics for cancer warrants a comprehensive understanding of the signaling pathways that are deregulated in cancer. The protein kinase C (PKC) family has served as an attractive target for cancer therapy for decades owing to its crucial roles in several cellular processes. PKCη is a novel member of the PKC family that plays critical roles in various cellular processes such as growth, proliferation, differentiation and cell death. The regulation of PKCη appears to be unique compared to other PKC isozymes, and there are conflicting reports regarding its role in cancer. This review focuses on the unique aspects of PKCη in terms of its structure, regulation and subcellular distribution and speculates on how these features could account for its distinct functions. We have also discussed the functional implications of PKCη in cancer with particular emphasis on breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepanwita Pal
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, University of North Texas Health Science Center and Institute for Cancer Research, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Alakananda Basu
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, University of North Texas Health Science Center and Institute for Cancer Research, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
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8
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Kroczynska B, Mehrotra S, Arslan AD, Kaur S, Platanias LC. Regulation of interferon-dependent mRNA translation of target genes. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2014; 34:289-96. [PMID: 24559173 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2013.0148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferons (IFNs) are released by cells on exposure to various stimuli, including viruses, double-stranded RNA, and other cytokines and various polypeptides. These IFNs play important physiological and pathophysiological roles in humans. Many clinical studies have established activity for these cytokines in the treatment of several malignancies, viral syndromes, and autoimmune disorders. In this review, the regulatory effects of type I and II IFN receptors on the translation-initiation process mediated by mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways and the known mechanisms of control of mRNA translation of IFN-stimulated genes are summarized and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Kroczynska
- 1 Division of Hematology-Oncology, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Medical School , Chicago, Illinois
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9
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Kaur S, Kroczynska B, Sharma B, Sassano A, Arslan AD, Majchrzak-Kita B, Stein BL, McMahon B, Altman JK, Su B, Calogero RA, Fish EN, Platanias LC. Critical roles for Rictor/Sin1 complexes in interferon-dependent gene transcription and generation of antiproliferative responses. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:6581-6591. [PMID: 24469448 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.537852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We provide evidence that type I IFN-induced STAT activation is diminished in cells with targeted disruption of the Rictor gene, whose protein product is a key element of mTOR complex 2. Our studies show that transient or stable knockdown of Rictor or Sin1 results in defects in activation of elements of the STAT pathway and reduced STAT-DNA binding complexes. This leads to decreased expression of several IFN-inducible genes that mediate important biological functions. Our studies also demonstrate that Rictor and Sin1 play essential roles in the generation of the suppressive effects of IFNα on malignant erythroid precursors from patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms. Altogether, these findings provide evidence for critical functions for Rictor/Sin1 complexes in type I IFN signaling and the generation of type I IFN antineoplastic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surinder Kaur
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center and Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Barbara Kroczynska
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center and Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Bhumika Sharma
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center and Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Antonella Sassano
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center and Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Ahmet Dirim Arslan
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center and Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Beata Majchrzak-Kita
- Toronto Research Institute, University Health Network and Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 2J7, Canada
| | - Brady L Stein
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center and Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Brandon McMahon
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center and Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Jessica K Altman
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center and Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, Illinois 60611; Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60612
| | - Bing Su
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - Raffaele A Calogero
- Department of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, 8 Turin, Italy
| | - Eleanor N Fish
- Toronto Research Institute, University Health Network and Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 2J7, Canada
| | - Leonidas C Platanias
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center and Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, Illinois 60611; Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60612.
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10
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Mehrotra S, Sharma B, Joshi S, Kroczynska B, Majchrzak B, Stein BL, McMahon B, Altman JK, Licht JD, Baker DP, Eklund EA, Wickrema A, Verma A, Fish EN, Platanias LC. Essential role for the Mnk pathway in the inhibitory effects of type I interferons on myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN) precursors. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:23814-22. [PMID: 23814052 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.476192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms of generation of the antineoplastic effects of interferons (IFNs) in malignant hematopoietic cells remain to be precisely defined. We examined the activation of type I IFN-dependent signaling pathways in malignant cells transformed by Jak2V617F, a critical pathogenic mutation in myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs). Our studies demonstrate that during engagement of the type I IFN receptor (IFNAR), there is activation of Jak-Stat pathways and also engagement of Mnk kinases. Activation of Mnk kinases is regulated by the Mek/Erk pathway and is required for the generation of IFN-induced growth inhibitory responses, but Mnk kinase activation does not modulate IFN-regulated Jak-Stat signals. We demonstrate that for type I IFNs to exert suppressive effects in malignant hematopoietic progenitors from patients with polycythemia vera, induction of Mnk kinase activity is required, as evidenced by studies involving pharmacological inhibition of Mnk or siRNA-mediated Mnk knockdown. Altogether, these findings provide evidence for key and essential roles of the Mnk kinase pathway in the generation of the antineoplastic effects of type I IFNs in Jak2V617F-dependent MPNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swarna Mehrotra
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center and Division of Hematology-Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
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11
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Regulatory effects of programmed cell death 4 (PDCD4) protein in interferon (IFN)-stimulated gene expression and generation of type I IFN responses. Mol Cell Biol 2012; 32:2809-22. [PMID: 22586265 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00310-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The precise mechanisms by which the activation of interferon (IFN) receptors (IFNRs) ultimately controls mRNA translation of specific target genes to induce IFN-dependent biological responses remain ill defined. We provide evidence that IFN-α induces phosphorylation of programmed cell death 4 (PDCD4) protein on Ser67. This IFN-α-dependent phosphorylation is mediated by either the p70 S6 kinase (S6K) or the p90 ribosomal protein S6K (RSK) in a cell-type-specific manner. IFN-dependent phosphorylation of PDCD4 results in downregulation of PDCD4 protein levels as the phosphorylated form of PDCD4 interacts with the ubiquitin ligase β-TRCP (β-transducin repeat-containing protein) and undergoes degradation. This process facilitates IFN-induced eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4A (eIF4A) activity and binding to translation initiation factor eIF4G to promote mRNA translation. Our data establish that PDCD4 degradation ultimately facilitates expression of several ISG protein products that play important roles in the generation of IFN responses, including IFN-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15), p21(WAF1/CIP1), and Schlafen 5 (SLFN5). Moreover, engagement of the RSK/PDCD4 pathway by the type I IFNR is required for the suppressive effects of IFN-α on normal CD34(+) hematopoietic precursors and for antileukemic effects in vitro. Altogether, these findings provide evidence for a unique function of PDCD4 in the type I IFN system and indicate a key regulatory role for this protein in mRNA translation of ISGs and control of IFN responses.
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12
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Pan Q, Tilanus HW, Metselaar HJ, Janssen HLA, van der Laan LJW. Virus-drug interactions--molecular insight into immunosuppression and HCV. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2012; 9:355-62. [PMID: 22508161 PMCID: PMC7097508 DOI: 10.1038/nrgastro.2012.67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Liver transplantation is an effective treatment for end-stage liver disease that is attributable to chronic HCV infection. However, long-term outcomes are compromised by universal virological recurrence in the graft. Reinfection that occurs after transplantation has increased resistance to current interferon-based antiviral therapy and often leads to accelerated development of cirrhosis. Important risk factors for severe HCV recurrence are linked to immunosuppression. Owing to the lack of good randomized, controlled trials, the optimal choice of immunosuppressants is still debated. By contrast, much progress has been made in the understanding of HCV biology and the antiviral action of interferons. These new insights have greatly expanded our knowledge of the molecular interplay between HCV and immunosuppressive drugs. In this article, we explore the effect of different immunosuppressants on the complex cellular events involved in HCV infection and interferon signalling. Potential implications for clinical practice and future drug development are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuwei Pan
- grid.5645.2000000040459992XDepartment of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, sGravendijkwal 230, Room L458, Rotterdam, 3015 CE The Netherlands
| | - Hugo W. Tilanus
- grid.5645.2000000040459992XDepartment of Surgery and Laboratory of Experimental Transplantation and Intestinal Surgery, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, sGravendijkwal 230, Room L458, Rotterdam, 3015 CE The Netherlands
| | - Herold J. Metselaar
- grid.5645.2000000040459992XDepartment of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, sGravendijkwal 230, Room L458, Rotterdam, 3015 CE The Netherlands
| | - Harry L. A. Janssen
- grid.5645.2000000040459992XDepartment of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, sGravendijkwal 230, Room L458, Rotterdam, 3015 CE The Netherlands
| | - Luc J. W. van der Laan
- grid.5645.2000000040459992XDepartment of Surgery and Laboratory of Experimental Transplantation and Intestinal Surgery, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, sGravendijkwal 230, Room L458, Rotterdam, 3015 CE The Netherlands
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Sharma B, Altman JK, Goussetis DJ, Verma AK, Platanias LC. Protein kinase R as mediator of the effects of interferon (IFN) gamma and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha on normal and dysplastic hematopoiesis. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:27506-14. [PMID: 21659535 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.238501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
IFNγ and TNFα are potent inhibitors of hematopoiesis and have been implicated in the pathophysiology of bone marrow failure and myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). We examined the role of protein kinase R (PKR) in the generation of the inhibitory effects of these myelosuppressive cytokines on hematopoiesis. Our data demonstrate that PKR is rapidly phosphorylated/activated in response to engagement of IFNγ or TNFα receptors in normal human hematopoietic progenitors. Such engagement of PKR is important for the suppressive effects of these cytokines on normal hematopoiesis. Pharmacological targeting of PKR using a specific inhibitor or siRNA-mediated PKR knockdown results in partial reversal of the suppressive effects of IFNγ and TNFα on normal human CD34+-derived myeloid (colony-forming unit-granulocyte-monocytic) and erythroid (burst-forming unit-erythroid) progenitors. Importantly, inhibition of PKR activity or expression increases hematopoietic colony formation from human MDS progenitors, suggesting that drugs that target PKR may provide a novel approach for the treatment of MDS and marrow failure syndromes. Altogether, our data establish that beyond its key role in the induction of IFN-antiviral responses, PKR plays important roles in signaling for IFNγ and other myelosuppressive cytokine receptors as a common mediator of signals for hematopoietic suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhumika Sharma
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center and Division of Hematology-Oncology, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
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14
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Nishitsuji K, Hosono T, Nakamura T, Bu G, Michikawa M. Apolipoprotein E regulates the integrity of tight junctions in an isoform-dependent manner in an in vitro blood-brain barrier model. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:17536-42. [PMID: 21471207 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.225532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein E (apoE) is a major apolipoprotein in the brain. The ε4 allele of apoE is a major risk factor for Alzheimer disease, and apoE deficiency in mice leads to blood-brain barrier (BBB) leakage. However, the effect of apoE isoforms on BBB properties are as yet unknown. Here, using an in vitro BBB model consisting of brain endothelial cells and pericytes prepared from wild-type (WT) mice, and primary astrocytes prepared from human apoE3- and apoE4-knock-in mice, we show that the barrier function of tight junctions (TJs) was impaired when the BBB was reconstituted with primary astrocytes from apoE4-knock-in mice (apoE4-BBB model). The phosphorylation of occludin at Thr residues and the activation of protein kinase C (PKC)η in mBECs were attenuated in the apoE4-BBB model compared with those in the apoE3-BBB model. The differential effects of apoE isoforms on the activation of PKCη, the phosphorylation of occludin at Thr residues, and TJ integrity were abolished following the treatment with an anti-low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) antibody or a LRP1 antagonist receptor-associated protein. Consistent with the results of in vitro studies, BBB permeability was higher in apoE4-knock-in mice than in apoE3-knock-in mice. Our studies provide evidence that TJ integrity in BBB is regulated by apoE in an isoform-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuchika Nishitsuji
- Department of Alzheimer's Disease Research, National Institute for Longevity Sciences, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi 474-8522, Japan
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15
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Katsoulidis E, Mavrommatis E, Woodard J, Shields MA, Sassano A, Carayol N, Sawicki KT, Munshi HG, Platanias LC. Role of interferon {alpha} (IFN{alpha})-inducible Schlafen-5 in regulation of anchorage-independent growth and invasion of malignant melanoma cells. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:40333-41. [PMID: 20956525 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.151076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
IFNα exerts potent inhibitory activities against malignant melanoma cells in vitro and in vivo, but the mechanisms by which it generates its antitumor effects remain unknown. We examined the effects of interferon α (IFNα) on the expression of human members of the Schlafen (SLFN) family of genes, a group of cell cycle regulators that mediate growth-inhibitory responses. Using quantitative RT-real time PCR, we found detectable basal expression of all the different human SLFN genes examined (SLFN5, SLFN11, SLFN12, SLFN13, and SLFN14), in malignant melanoma cells and primary normal human melanocytes, but SLFN5 basal expression was suppressed in all analyzed melanoma cell lines. Treatment of melanoma cells with IFNα resulted in induction of expression of SLFN5 in malignant cells, suggesting a potential involvement of this gene in the antitumor effects of IFNα. Importantly, stable knockdown of SLFN5 in malignant melanoma cells resulted in increased anchorage-independent growth, as evidenced by enhanced colony formation in soft agar assays. Moreover, SLFN5 knockdown also resulted in increased invasion in three-dimensional collagen, suggesting a dual role for SLFN5 in the regulation of invasion and anchorage-independent growth of melanoma cells. Altogether, our findings suggest an important role for the SLFN family of proteins in the generation of the anti-melanoma effects of IFNα and for the first time directly implicate a member of the human SLFN family in the regulation of cell invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efstratios Katsoulidis
- Robert H Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center and Division of Hematology Oncology, Northwestern University Medical School and Jesse Brown Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
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Lee HK, Yeo S, Kim JS, Lee JG, Bae YS, Lee C, Baek SH. Protein Kinase C-η and Phospholipase D2 Pathway Regulates Foam Cell Formation via Regulator of G Protein Signaling 2. Mol Pharmacol 2010; 78:478-85. [DOI: 10.1124/mol.110.064394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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