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Makhov P, Uzzo RG, Tulin AV, Kolenko VM. Histone-dependent PARP-1 inhibitors: A novel therapeutic modality for the treatment of prostate and renal cancers. Urol Oncol 2020; 39:312-315. [PMID: 32402770 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2020.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Clinical interest in poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP-1) has increased over the past decade with the recognition of its roles in transcription regulation, DNA repair, epigenetic bookmarking, and chromatin restructuring. A number of PARP-1 inhibitors demonstrating clinical efficacy against tumors of various origins have emerged in recent years. These inhibitors have been essentially designed as nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) mimetics. However, because NAD+ is utilized by many enzymes other than PARP-1, NAD+ competitors tend to produce certain off-target effects. To overcome the limitation of NAD-like PARP-1 inhibitors, we have developed a new class of PARP-1 inhibitors that specifically targets the histone-dependent route of PARP-1 activation, a mechanism of activation that is unique to PARP-1. Novel histone-dependent inhibitors are highly specific for PARP-1 and demonstrate promising in vitro and in vivo efficacy against prostate and renal tumors. Our findings suggest that novel PARP-1 inhibitors have strong therapeutic potential for the treatment of urological tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Makhov
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Robert G Uzzo
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA
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2
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The HGF/SF Mouse Model of UV-Induced Melanoma as an In Vivo Sensor for Metastasis-Regulating Gene. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18081647. [PMID: 28788083 PMCID: PMC5578037 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18081647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous malignant melanoma is an aggressive and potentially lethal form of skin cancer, particularly in its advanced and therapy-resistant stages, and the need for novel therapeutics and prognostic tools is acute. Incidence of melanoma has steadily increased over the past few decades, with exposure to the genome-damaging effects of ultraviolet radiation (UVR) well-recognized as a primary cause. A number of genetically-engineered mouse models (GEMMs) have been created that exhibit high incidence of spontaneous and induced forms of melanoma, and a select subset recapitulates its progression to aggressive and metastatic forms. These GEMMs hold considerable promise for providing insights into advanced stages of melanoma, such as potential therapeutic targets and prognostic markers, and as in vivo systems for testing of novel therapies. In this review, we summarize how the HGF/SF transgenic mouse has been used to reveal metastasis-regulating activity of four different genes (CDK4R24C, survivin and NME1/NME2) in the context of UV-induced melanoma. We also discuss how these models can potentially yield new strategies for clinical management of melanoma in its most aggressive forms.
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Singh RN, Howell MD, Ottesen EW, Singh NN. Diverse role of survival motor neuron protein. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2017; 1860:299-315. [PMID: 28095296 PMCID: PMC5325804 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2016.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2016] [Revised: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The multifunctional Survival Motor Neuron (SMN) protein is required for the survival of all organisms of the animal kingdom. SMN impacts various aspects of RNA metabolism through the formation and/or interaction with ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complexes. SMN regulates biogenesis of small nuclear RNPs, small nucleolar RNPs, small Cajal body-associated RNPs, signal recognition particles and telomerase. SMN also plays an important role in DNA repair, transcription, pre-mRNA splicing, histone mRNA processing, translation, selenoprotein synthesis, macromolecular trafficking, stress granule formation, cell signaling and cytoskeleton maintenance. The tissue-specific requirement of SMN is dictated by the variety and the abundance of its interacting partners. Reduced expression of SMN causes spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), a leading genetic cause of infant mortality. SMA displays a broad spectrum ranging from embryonic lethality to an adult onset. Aberrant expression and/or localization of SMN has also been associated with male infertility, inclusion body myositis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and osteoarthritis. This review provides a summary of various SMN functions with implications to a better understanding of SMA and other pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravindra N Singh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, United States.
| | - Matthew D Howell
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, United States
| | - Eric W Ottesen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, United States
| | - Natalia N Singh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, United States
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Stixová L, Sehnalová P, Legartová S, Suchánková J, Hrušková T, Kozubek S, Sorokin DV, Matula P, Raška I, Kovařík A, Fulneček J, Bártová E. HP1β-dependent recruitment of UBF1 to irradiated chromatin occurs simultaneously with CPDs. Epigenetics Chromatin 2014; 7:39. [PMID: 25587355 PMCID: PMC4293114 DOI: 10.1186/1756-8935-7-39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The repair of spontaneous and induced DNA lesions is a multistep process. Depending on the type of injury, damaged DNA is recognized by many proteins specifically involved in distinct DNA repair pathways. Results We analyzed the DNA-damage response after ultraviolet A (UVA) and γ irradiation of mouse embryonic fibroblasts and focused on upstream binding factor 1 (UBF1), a key protein in the regulation of ribosomal gene transcription. We found that UBF1, but not nucleolar proteins RPA194, TCOF, or fibrillarin, was recruited to UVA-irradiated chromatin concurrently with an increase in heterochromatin protein 1β (HP1β) level. Moreover, Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) confirmed interaction between UBF1 and HP1β that was dependent on a functional chromo shadow domain of HP1β. Thus, overexpression of HP1β with a deleted chromo shadow domain had a dominant-negative effect on UBF1 recruitment to UVA-damaged chromatin. Transcription factor UBF1 also interacted directly with DNA inside the nucleolus but no interaction of UBF1 and DNA was confirmed outside the nucleolus, where UBF1 recruitment to DNA lesions appeared simultaneously with cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers; this occurrence was cell-cycle-independent. Conclusions We propose that the simultaneous presence and interaction of UBF1 and HP1β at DNA lesions is activated by the presence of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers and mediated by the chromo shadow domain of HP1β. This might have functional significance for nucleotide excision repair. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1756-8935-7-39) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Stixová
- Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Institute of Biophysics, v.v.i., Královopolská 135, 612 65 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Sehnalová
- Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Institute of Biophysics, v.v.i., Královopolská 135, 612 65 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Soňa Legartová
- Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Institute of Biophysics, v.v.i., Královopolská 135, 612 65 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Suchánková
- Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Institute of Biophysics, v.v.i., Královopolská 135, 612 65 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Hrušková
- Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Institute of Biophysics, v.v.i., Královopolská 135, 612 65 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Stanislav Kozubek
- Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Institute of Biophysics, v.v.i., Královopolská 135, 612 65 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Dmitry V Sorokin
- Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Institute of Biophysics, v.v.i., Královopolská 135, 612 65 Brno, Czech Republic ; Faculty of Informatics, Masaryk University, Botanická 68a, 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Matula
- Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Institute of Biophysics, v.v.i., Královopolská 135, 612 65 Brno, Czech Republic ; Faculty of Informatics, Masaryk University, Botanická 68a, 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ivan Raška
- Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology, the First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Albertov 4, 128 01 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Aleš Kovařík
- Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Institute of Biophysics, v.v.i., Královopolská 135, 612 65 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Fulneček
- Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Institute of Biophysics, v.v.i., Královopolská 135, 612 65 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Bártová
- Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Institute of Biophysics, v.v.i., Královopolská 135, 612 65 Brno, Czech Republic
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Bártová E, Foltánková V, Legartová S, Sehnalová P, Sorokin DV, Suchánková J, Kozubek S. Coilin is rapidly recruited to UVA-induced DNA lesions and γ-radiation affects localized movement of Cajal bodies. Nucleus 2014; 5:460-8. [PMID: 24859326 DOI: 10.4161/nucl.29229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cajal bodies are important nuclear structures containing proteins that preferentially regulate RNA-related metabolism. We investigated the cell-type specific nuclear distribution of Cajal bodies and the level of coilin, a protein of Cajal bodies, in non-irradiated and irradiated human tumor cell lines and embryonic stem (ES) cells. Cajal bodies were localized in different nuclear compartments, including DAPI-poor regions, in the proximity of chromocenters, and adjacent to nucleoli. The number of Cajal bodies per nucleus was cell cycle-dependent, with higher numbers occurring during G2 phase. Human ES cells contained a high coilin level in the nucleoplasm, but coilin-positive Cajal bodies were also identified in nuclei of mouse and human ES cells. Coilin, but not SMN, recognized UVA-induced DNA lesions, which was cell cycle-independent. Treatment with γ-radiation reduced the localized movement of Cajal bodies in many cell types and GFP-coilin fluorescence recovery after photobleaching was very fast in nucleoplasm in comparison with GFP-coilin recovery in DNA lesions. By contrast, nucleolus-localized coilin displayed very slow fluorescence recovery after photobleaching, which indicates very slow rates of protein diffusion, especially in nucleoli of mouse ES cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Bártová
- Institute of Biophysics; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Foltánková
- Institute of Biophysics; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Soňa Legartová
- Institute of Biophysics; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Sehnalová
- Institute of Biophysics; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Dmitry V Sorokin
- Faculty of Informatics; Masaryk University; Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Suchánková
- Institute of Biophysics; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Stanislav Kozubek
- Institute of Biophysics; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Brno, Czech Republic
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Sehnalová P, Legartová S, Cmarko D, Kozubek S, Bártová E. Recruitment of HP1β to UVA-induced DNA lesions is independent of radiation-induced changes in A-type lamins. Biol Cell 2014; 106:151-65. [DOI: 10.1111/boc.201300076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Accepted: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Petra Sehnalová
- Institute of Biophysics; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Brno 612 65 Czech Republic
| | - Soňa Legartová
- Institute of Biophysics; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Brno 612 65 Czech Republic
| | - Dušan Cmarko
- Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology; The First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague; Prague 128 00 Czech Republic
| | - Stanislav Kozubek
- Institute of Biophysics; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Brno 612 65 Czech Republic
| | - Eva Bártová
- Institute of Biophysics; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Brno 612 65 Czech Republic
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