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Djitro N, Roach R, Mann R, Campbell PR, Rodoni B, Gambley C. Comparative genomics and genomic diversity of Pseudomonas syringae clade 2b-a in Australia. BMC Microbiol 2022; 22:278. [PMID: 36411421 PMCID: PMC9677677 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-022-02678-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A zucchini disease outbreak with unusual symptoms associated with Pseudomonas syringae clade 2b was identified in Bundaberg, Australia during autumn 2016. To investigate the genetic diversity of the 11 Australian isolates obtained from the outbreak, the genomes were compared to the publicly available P. syringae strains in phylogroup 2. RESULTS Average nucleotide identity refined the P. syringae clade 2b-a into four clusters (Cluster A, B, C1 and C2), an expansion from the previously identified A, B and C. Australian isolates were in Cluster A, C1 and C2. Genomic analyses highlighted several key factors that may contribute to the virulence of these isolates. Six orthologous groups, including three virulence factors, were associated with P. syringae phylogroup 2 cucurbit-infecting strains. A region of genome plasticity analysis identified a type VI secretion system pathway in clade 2b-a strains which could also contribute to virulence. Pathogenicity assays on isolates KL004-k1, KFR003-1 and 77-4C, as representative isolates of Cluster A, C1 and C2, respectively, determined that all three isolates can infect pumpkin, squash, watermelon and zucchini var. Eva with different levels of disease severity. Subsequently, type III effectors were investigated and four type III effectors (avrRpt2, hopZ5, hopC1 and hopH1) were associated with host range. The hopZ effector family was also predicted to be associated with disease severity. CONCLUSIONS This study refined the taxonomy of the P. syringae clade 2b-a, supported the association between effector profile and pathogenicity in cucurbits established in a previous study and provides new insight into important genomic features of these strains. This study also provided a detailed and comprehensive resource for future genomic and functional studies of these strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noel Djitro
- grid.1018.80000 0001 2342 0938School of Applied Systems Biology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC Australia
| | - Rebecca Roach
- grid.492998.70000 0001 0729 4564Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Ecosciences Precinct, Dutton Park, Australia
| | - Rachel Mann
- grid.511012.60000 0001 0744 2459Agriculture Victoria Research, Department of Jobs, Precincts and Regions, AgriBio, Bundoora, Australia
| | - Paul R. Campbell
- grid.492998.70000 0001 0729 4564Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Ecosciences Precinct, Dutton Park, Australia
| | - Brendan Rodoni
- grid.511012.60000 0001 0744 2459Agriculture Victoria Research, Department of Jobs, Precincts and Regions, AgriBio, Bundoora, Australia
| | - Cherie Gambley
- Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Maroochy Research Facility, Nambour, Australia
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2
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Dell’Anno F, Vitale GA, Buonocore C, Vitale L, Palma Esposito F, Coppola D, Della Sala G, Tedesco P, de Pascale D. Novel Insights on Pyoverdine: From Biosynthesis to Biotechnological Application. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911507. [PMID: 36232800 PMCID: PMC9569983 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyoverdines (PVDs) are a class of siderophores produced mostly by members of the genus Pseudomonas. Their primary function is to accumulate, mobilize, and transport iron necessary for cell metabolism. Moreover, PVDs also play a crucial role in microbes’ survival by mediating biofilm formation and virulence. In this review, we reorganize the information produced in recent years regarding PVDs biosynthesis and pathogenic mechanisms, since PVDs are extremely valuable compounds. Additionally, we summarize the therapeutic applications deriving from the PVDs’ use and focus on their role as therapeutic target themselves. We assess the current biotechnological applications of different sectors and evaluate the state-of-the-art technology relating to the use of synthetic biology tools for pathway engineering. Finally, we review the most recent methods and techniques capable of identifying such molecules in complex matrices for drug-discovery purposes.
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3
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Jin T, Ren J, Li Y, Bai B, Liu R, Wang Y. Plant growth-promoting effect and genomic analysis of the P. putida LWPZF isolated from C. japonicum rhizosphere. AMB Express 2022; 12:101. [PMID: 35917000 PMCID: PMC9346032 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-022-01445-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria are a type of beneficial bacteria which inhabit in the rhizosphere and possess the abilities to promote plant growth. Pseudomonas putida LWPZF is a plant growth-promoting bacterium isolated from the rhizosphere soil of Cercidiphyllum japonicum. Inoculation treatment with LWPZF could significantly promote the growth of C. japonicum seedlings. P. putida LWPZF has a variety of plant growth-promoting properties, including the ability to solubilize phosphate, synthesize ACC deaminase and IAA. The P. putida LWPZF genome contained a circular chromosome (6,259,530 bp) and a circular plasmid (160,969 bp) with G+C contents of 61.75% and 58.25%, respectively. There were 5632 and 169 predicted protein-coding sequences (CDSs) on the chromosome and the plasmid respectively. Genome sequence analysis revealed lots of genes associated with biosynthesis of IAA, pyoverdine, ACC deaminase, trehalose, volatiles acetoin and 2,3-butanediol, 4-hydroxybenzoate, as well as gluconic acid contributing phosphate solubilization. Additionally, we identified many heavy metal resistance genes, including arsenate, copper, chromate, cobalt-zinc-cadmium, and mercury. These results suggest that P. putida LWPZF shows strong potential in the fields of biofertilizer, biocontrol and heavy metal contamination soil remediation. The data presented in this study will allow us to better understand the mechanisms of plant growth promotion, biocontrol, and anti-heavy metal of P. putida LWPZF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Jin
- Department of Life Sciences, Changzhi University, Changzhi, 046011, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiahong Ren
- Department of Life Sciences, Changzhi University, Changzhi, 046011, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yunling Li
- Department of Life Sciences, Changzhi University, Changzhi, 046011, People's Republic of China
| | - Bianxia Bai
- Department of Life Sciences, Changzhi University, Changzhi, 046011, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruixiang Liu
- Department of Life Sciences, Changzhi University, Changzhi, 046011, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Life Sciences, Changzhi University, Changzhi, 046011, People's Republic of China
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4
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Sugue MF, Burdur AN, Ringel MT, Dräger G, Brüser T. PvdM of fluorescent pseudomonads is required for the oxidation of ferribactin by PvdP in periplasmic pyoverdine maturation. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102201. [PMID: 35764171 PMCID: PMC9305348 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluorescent pseudomonads such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa or Pseudomonas fluorescens produce pyoverdine siderophores that ensure iron-supply in iron-limited environments. After its synthesis in the cytoplasm, the nonfluorescent pyoverdine precursor ferribactin is exported into the periplasm, where the enzymes PvdQ, PvdP, PvdO, PvdN, and PtaA are responsible for fluorophore maturation and tailoring steps. While the roles of all these enzymes are clear, little is known about the role of PvdM, a human renal dipeptidase–related protein that is predicted to be periplasmic and that is essential for pyoverdine biogenesis. Here, we reveal the subcellular localization and functional role of PvdM. Using the model organism P. fluorescens, we show that PvdM is anchored to the periplasmic side of the cytoplasmic membrane, where it is indispensable for the activity of the tyrosinase PvdP. While PvdM does not share the metallopeptidase function of renal dipeptidase, it still has the corresponding peptide-binding site. The substrate of PvdP, deacylated ferribactin, is secreted by a ΔpvdM mutant strain, indicating that PvdM prevents loss of this periplasmic biosynthesis intermediate into the medium by ensuring the efficient transfer of ferribactin to PvdP in vivo. We propose that PvdM belongs to a new dipeptidase-related protein subfamily with inactivated Zn2+ coordination sites, members of which are usually genetically linked to TonB-dependent uptake systems and often associated with periplasmic FAD-dependent oxidoreductases related to d-amino acid oxidases. We suggest that these proteins are necessary for selective binding, exposure, or transfer of specific d- and l-amino acid–containing peptides and other periplasmic biomolecules in manifold pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ali Nazmi Burdur
- Institute of Microbiology, Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Michael T Ringel
- Institute of Microbiology, Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Gerald Dräger
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, Schneiderberg 1 B, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas Brüser
- Institute of Microbiology, Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany.
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5
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Lemare M, Puja H, David SR, Mathieu S, Ihiawakrim D, Geoffroy VA, Rigouin C. Engineering siderophore production in Pseudomonas to improve asbestos weathering. Microb Biotechnol 2022; 15:2351-2363. [PMID: 35748120 PMCID: PMC9437886 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.14099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron plays a key role in microbial metabolism and bacteria have developed multiple siderophore-driven mechanisms due to its poor bioavailability for organisms in the environment. Iron-bearing minerals generally serve as a nutrient source to sustain bacterial growth after bioweathering. Siderophores are high-affinity ferric iron chelators, of which the biosynthesis is tightly regulated by the presence of iron. Pyoverdine-producing Pseudomonas have shown their ability to extract iron and magnesium from asbestos waste as nutrients. However, such bioweathering is rapidly limited due to repression of the pyoverdine pathway and the low bacterial requirement for iron. We developed a metabolically engineered strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa for which pyoverdine production was no longer repressed by iron as a proof of concept. We compared siderophore-promoted dissolution of flocking asbestos waste by this optimized strain to that by the wild-type strain. Interestingly, pyoverdine production by the optimized strain was seven times higher in the presence of asbestos waste and the dissolution of magnesium and iron from the chrysotile fibres contained in flocking asbestos waste was significantly enhanced. This innovative mineral weathering process contributes to remove toxic iron from the asbestos fibres and may contribute to the development of an eco-friendly method to manage asbestos waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Lemare
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS-UMR7242, BSC, ESBS, 300 Bld Sébastien Brant, 67413, Illkirch, Strasbourg, France
| | - Hélène Puja
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS-UMR7242, BSC, ESBS, 300 Bld Sébastien Brant, 67413, Illkirch, Strasbourg, France
| | - Sébastien R David
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS-UMR7242, BSC, ESBS, 300 Bld Sébastien Brant, 67413, Illkirch, Strasbourg, France
| | - Sébastien Mathieu
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS-UMR7242, BSC, ESBS, 300 Bld Sébastien Brant, 67413, Illkirch, Strasbourg, France
| | - Dris Ihiawakrim
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS-UMR7504, IPCMS, 23 Rue du Loess, BP, 43, 67034, Strasbourg, France
| | - Valérie A Geoffroy
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS-UMR7242, BSC, ESBS, 300 Bld Sébastien Brant, 67413, Illkirch, Strasbourg, France
| | - Coraline Rigouin
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS-UMR7242, BSC, ESBS, 300 Bld Sébastien Brant, 67413, Illkirch, Strasbourg, France
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6
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Vogel JGT, Wibowo JP, Fan H, Setroikromo R, Wang K, Dömling A, Dekker FJ, Quax WJ. Discovery of chromene compounds as inhibitors of PvdQ acylase of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Microbes Infect 2022; 24:105017. [PMID: 35709935 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2022.105017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The acquisition of iron is a crucial mechanism for the survival of pathogenic bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa in eukaryotic hosts. The key iron chelator in this organism is the siderophore pyoverdine, which was shown to be crucial for iron homeostasis. Pyoverdine is a non-ribosomal peptide with several maturation steps in the cytoplasm and others in the periplasmatic space. A key enzyme for its maturation is the acylase PvdQ. The inhibition of PvdQ stops the maturation of pyoverdine causing a significant imbalance in the iron homeostasis and hence can negatively influence the survival of P. aeruginosa. In this work, we successfully synthesized chromene-derived inhibitory molecules targeting PvdQ in a low micromolar range. In silico modeling as well as kinetic evaluations of the inhibitors suggest a competitive inhibition of the PvdQ function. Further, we evaluated the inhibitor in vivo on P. aeruginosa cells and report a dose-dependent reduction of pyoverdine formation. The compound also showed a protecting effect in a Galleria mellonella infection model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan G T Vogel
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, Groningen, 9713, AV, the Netherlands
| | - Joko P Wibowo
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, Groningen, 9713, AV, the Netherlands; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Muhammadiyah Banjarmasin, Jl. Gubernur Syarkawi, Barito Kuala, 70582, Indonesia
| | - Hillina Fan
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, Groningen, 9713, AV, the Netherlands
| | - Rita Setroikromo
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, Groningen, 9713, AV, the Netherlands
| | - Kan Wang
- Department of Drug Design, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, Groningen, 9713, AV, the Netherlands
| | - Alexander Dömling
- Department of Drug Design, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, Groningen, 9713, AV, the Netherlands
| | - Frank J Dekker
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, Groningen, 9713, AV, the Netherlands
| | - Wim J Quax
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, Groningen, 9713, AV, the Netherlands.
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7
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Djitro N, Roach R, Mann R, Rodoni B, Gambley C. Characterization of Pseudomonas syringae Isolated from Systemic Infection of Zucchini in Australia. PLANT DISEASE 2022; 106:541-548. [PMID: 34645305 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-05-21-1039-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Zucchini plants with symptoms including twisted petioles, necrotic leaves, crown rot, and internal fruit rot were found in Bundaberg, Australia, at a commercial field for the first time during late autumn 2016, resulting in direct yield losses of 70 to 80%. Three Pseudomonas syringae strains isolated from symptomatic leaf (KL004-k1), crown (77-4C), and fruit (KFR003-1) were characterized and their pathogenicity evaluated on pumpkin, rockmelon, squash, and zucchini. Biochemical assays showed typical results for P. syringae. The three isolates differed, however, in that two produced fluorescent pigment (KFR003-1 and 77-4C) whereas the third, KL004-k1, was nonfluorescent. Multilocus sequence analysis classified the isolates to phylogroup 2b. The single-nucleotide polymorphism analysis of core genome from the Australian and closely related international isolates of P. syringae showed two separate clusters. The Australian isolates were clustered based on fluorescent phenotype. Pathogenicity tests demonstrated that all three isolates moved systemically within the inoculated plants and induced necrotic leaf symptoms in zucchini plants. Their identities were confirmed with specific PCR assays for P. syringae and phylogroup 2. Pathogenicity experiments also showed that the Eva variety of zucchini was more susceptible than the Rosa variety for all three isolates. Isolate KL004-k1 was more virulent than 77-4C on pumpkin, rockmelon, squash, and zucchini. This study expands the knowledge of P. syringae isolates that infect cucurbits and provides useful information for growers about the relative susceptibility of a range of cucurbit species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noel Djitro
- School of Applied Systems Biology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Rebecca Roach
- Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Ecosciences Precinct, Dutton Park, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - Rachel Mann
- Agriculture Victoria Research, Department of Jobs, Precincts and Regions, AgriBio, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia
| | - Brendan Rodoni
- School of Applied Systems Biology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3086, Australia
- Agriculture Victoria Research, Department of Jobs, Precincts and Regions, AgriBio, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia
| | - Cherie Gambley
- Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Maroochy Research Facility, Nambour, Queensland 4560, Australia
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8
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Formylglycine-generating enzyme-like proteins constitute a novel family of widespread type VI secretion system immunity proteins. J Bacteriol 2021; 203:e0028121. [PMID: 34398661 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00281-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Competition is a critical aspect of bacterial life, as it enables niche establishment and facilitates the acquisition of essential nutrients. Warfare between Gram-negative bacteria is largely mediated by the type VI secretion system (T6SS), a dynamic nanoweapon that delivers toxic effector proteins from an attacking cell to adjacent bacteria in a contact-dependent manner. Effector-encoding bacteria prevent self-intoxication and kin cell killing by the expression of immunity proteins, which prevent effector toxicity by specifically binding their cognate effector and either occluding its active site or preventing structural rearrangements necessary for effector activation. In this study, we investigate Tsi3, a previously uncharacterized T6SS immunity protein present in multiple strains of the human pathogen Acinetobacter baumannii. We show that Tsi3 is the cognate immunity protein of the antibacterial effector of unknown function Tse3. Our bioinformatic analyses indicate that Tsi3 homologs are widespread among Gram-negative bacteria, often encoded within T6SS effector-immunity modules. Surprisingly, we found that Tsi3 homologs are predicted to possess a characteristic formylglycine-generating enzyme (FGE) domain, which is present in various enzymatic proteins. Our data shows that Tsi3-mediated immunity is dependent on Tse3-Tsi3 protein-protein interactions and that Tsi3 homologs from various bacteria do not provide immunity against non-kin Tse3. Thus, we conclude that Tsi3 homologs are unlikely to be functional enzymes. Collectively, our work identifies FGE domain-containing proteins as important mediators of immunity against T6SS attacks and indicates that the FGE domain can be co-opted as a scaffold in multiple proteins to carry out diverse functions. Importance Despite the wealth of knowledge on the diversity of biochemical activities carried out by T6SS effectors, comparably little is known about the various strategies bacteria employ to prevent susceptibility to T6SS-dependent bacterial killing. Our work establishes a novel family of T6SS immunity proteins with a characteristic FGE domain. This domain is present in enzymatic proteins with various catalytic activities. Our characterization of Tsi3 expands the known functions carried out by FGE-like proteins to include defense during T6SS-mediated bacterial warfare. Moreover, it highlights the evolution of FGE domain-containing proteins to carry out diverse biological functions.
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9
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Prabhakar PK. Bacterial Siderophores and Their Potential Applications: A Review. Curr Mol Pharmacol 2021; 13:295-305. [PMID: 32418535 DOI: 10.2174/1874467213666200518094445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The bacterial infection is one of the major health issues throughout the world. To protect humans from the infection and infectious agents, it is important to understand the mechanism of interaction of pathogens along with their susceptible hosts. This will help us to develop a novel strategy for designing effective new drugs or vaccines. As iron is an essential metal ion required for all the living systems for their growth, as well, it is needed by pathogenic bacterial cells for their growth and development inside host tissues. To get iron from the host tissues, microbes developed an iron-chelating system called siderophore and also corresponding receptors. Siderophores are low molecular weight organic complex produced by different strains of bacteria for the procurement of iron from the environment or host body under the iron deficient-conditions. Mostly in the environment at physiological pH, the iron is present in the ferric ionic form (Fe3+), which is water- insoluble and thus inaccessible for them. Such a condition promotes the generation of siderophores. These siderophores have been used in different areas such as agriculture, treatment of diseases, culture the unculturable strains of bacteria, promotion of plant growth, controlling phytopathogens, detoxification of heavy metal contamination, etc. In the medical field, siderophores can be used as "Trojan Horse Strategy", which forms a complex with antibiotics and also delivers these antibiotics to the desired locations, especially in antibiotic-resistant bacteria. The promising application of siderophore-based use of antibiotics for the management of bacterial resistance can be strategies to be used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranav Kumar Prabhakar
- Department of Transdisciplinary Research, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab-144411, India
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10
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Hoffmann L, Sugue MF, Brüser T. A tunable anthranilate-inducible gene expression system for Pseudomonas species. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 105:247-258. [PMID: 33270152 PMCID: PMC7778614 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-11034-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Pseudomonads are among the most common bacteria in soils, limnic ecosystems, and human, animal, or plant host environments, including intensively studied species such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, P. putida, or P. fluorescens. Various gene expression systems are established for some species, but there is still a need for a simple system that is suitable for a wide range of pseudomonads and that can be used for physiological applications, i.e., with a tuning capacity at lower expression levels. Here, we report the establishment of the anthranilate-dependent PantA promoter for tunable gene expression in pseudomonads. During studies on P. fluorescens, we constructed an anthranilate-inducible AntR/PantA-based expression system, named pUCP20-ANT, and used GFP as reporter to analyze gene expression. This system was compared with the rhamnose-inducible RhaSR/PrhaB-based expression system in an otherwise identical vector background. While the rhamnose-inducible system did not respond to lower inducer concentrations and always reached high levels over time when induced, expression levels of the pUCP20-ANT system could be adjusted to a range of distinct lower or higher levels by variation of anthranilate concentrations in the medium. Importantly, the anthranilate-inducible expression system worked also in strains of P. aeruginosa and P. putida and therefore will be most likely useful for physiological and biotechnological purposes in a wide range of pseudomonads. Key points • We established an anthranilate-inducible gene expression system for pseudomonads. • This system permits tuning of gene expression in a wide range of pseudomonads. • It will be very useful for physiological and biotechnological applications. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00253-020-11034-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Hoffmann
- Institute of Microbiology, Leibniz University Hannover, Herrenhäuser Str. 2, 30419, Hannover, Germany
| | - Michael-Frederick Sugue
- Institute of Microbiology, Leibniz University Hannover, Herrenhäuser Str. 2, 30419, Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas Brüser
- Institute of Microbiology, Leibniz University Hannover, Herrenhäuser Str. 2, 30419, Hannover, Germany.
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11
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Schalk IJ, Rigouin C, Godet J. An overview of siderophore biosynthesis among fluorescent Pseudomonads and new insights into their complex cellular organization. Environ Microbiol 2020; 22:1447-1466. [PMID: 32011068 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.14937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Siderophores are iron-chelating molecules produced by bacteria to access iron, a key nutrient. These compounds have highly diverse chemical structures, with various chelating groups. They are released by bacteria into their environment to scavenge iron and bring it back into the cells. The biosynthesis of siderophores requires complex enzymatic processes and expression of the enzymes involved is very finely regulated by iron availability and diverse transcriptional regulators. Recent data have also highlighted the organization of the enzymes involved in siderophore biosynthesis into siderosomes, multi-enzymatic complexes involved in siderophore synthesis. An understanding of siderophore biosynthesis is of great importance, as these compounds have many potential biotechnological applications because of their metal-chelating properties and their key role in bacterial growth and virulence. This review focuses on the biosynthesis of siderophores produced by fluorescent Pseudomonads, bacteria capable of colonizing a large variety of ecological niches. They are characterized by the production of chromopeptide siderophores, called pyoverdines, which give the typical green colour characteristic of fluorescent pseudomonad cultures. Secondary siderophores are also produced by these strains and can have highly diverse structures (such as pyochelins, pseudomonine, yersiniabactin, corrugatin, achromobactin and quinolobactin).
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle J Schalk
- CNRS, UMR7242, ESBS, Illkirch, Strasbourg, France.,Université de Strasbourg, UMR7242, ESBS, Illkirch, Strasbourg, France
| | - Coraline Rigouin
- CNRS, UMR7242, ESBS, Illkirch, Strasbourg, France.,Université de Strasbourg, UMR7242, ESBS, Illkirch, Strasbourg, France
| | - Julien Godet
- Université de Strasbourg, Laboratoire de BioImagerie et Pathologies, UMR CNRS, 7021, Illkirch, France
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12
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Ringel MT, Brüser T. The biosynthesis of pyoverdines. MICROBIAL CELL (GRAZ, AUSTRIA) 2018; 5:424-437. [PMID: 30386787 PMCID: PMC6206403 DOI: 10.15698/mic2018.10.649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Pyoverdines are fluorescent siderophores of pseudomonads that play important roles for growth under iron-limiting conditions. The production of pyoverdines by fluorescent pseudomonads permits their colonization of hosts ranging from humans to plants. Prominent examples include pathogenic or non-pathogenic species such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, P. putida, P. syringae, or P. fluorescens. Many distinct pyoverdines have been identified, all of which have a dihydroxyquinoline fluorophore in common, derived from oxidative cyclizations of non-ribosomal peptides. These serve as precursor of pyoverdines and are commonly known as ferribactins. Ferribactins of distinct species or even strains often differ in their sequence, resulting in a large variety of pyoverdines. However, synthesis of all ferribactins begins with an L-Glu/D-Tyr/L-Dab sequence, and the fluorophore is generated from the D-Tyr/L-Dab residues. In addition, the initial L-Glu residue is modified to various acids and amides that are responsible for the range of distinguishable pyoverdines in individual strains. While ferribactin synthesis is a cytoplasmic process, the maturation to the fluorescent pyoverdine as well as the tailoring of the initial glutamate are exclusively periplasmic processes that have been a mystery until recently. Here we review the current knowledge of pyoverdine biosynthesis with a focus on the recent advancements regarding the periplasmic maturation and tailoring reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael T. Ringel
- Institute of Microbiology, Leibniz University Hannover, Herrenhäuser Str. 2, 30419 Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas Brüser
- Institute of Microbiology, Leibniz University Hannover, Herrenhäuser Str. 2, 30419 Hannover, Germany
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Poppe J, Reichelt J, Blankenfeldt W. Pseudomonas aeruginosa pyoverdine maturation enzyme PvdP has a noncanonical domain architecture and affords insight into a new subclass of tyrosinases. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:14926-14936. [PMID: 30030378 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.002560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyoverdines (PVDs) are important chromophore-containing siderophores of fluorescent pseudomonad bacteria such as the opportunistic human pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa in which they play an essential role in host infection. PVD biosynthesis encompasses a complex pathway comprising cytosolic nonribosomal peptide synthetases that produce a polypeptide precursor that periplasmic enzymes convert to the final product. The structures of most enzymes involved in PVD chromophore maturation have been elucidated, but the structure of the essential tyrosinase PvdP, a monooxygenase required for the penultimate step in PVD biosynthesis, is not known. Here, we closed this gap by determining the crystal structure of PvdP in an apo and tyrosine-complexed state at 2.1 and 2.7 Å, respectively. These structures revealed that PvdP is a homodimer, with each chain consisting of a C-terminal tyrosinase domain and an N-terminal eight-stranded β-barrel reminiscent of streptavidin that appears to have a structural role only. We observed that ligand binding leads to the displacement of a "placeholder" tyrosine that blocks the active site in the apo structure. This exposes a large, deep binding site that seems suitable for accommodating ferribactin, a substrate of PvdP in PVD biosynthesis. The binding site consists almost exclusively of residues from the tyrosinase domain. Of note, we also found that this domain is more closely related to tyrosinases from arthropods rather than to tyrosinases from other bacteria. In conclusion, our work unravels the structural basis of PvdP's activity in PVD biosynthesis, observations that may inform structure-guided development of PvdP-specific inhibitors to manage P. aeruginosa infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Poppe
- From the Department Structure and Function of Proteins, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany and
| | - Joachim Reichelt
- From the Department Structure and Function of Proteins, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany and
| | - Wulf Blankenfeldt
- From the Department Structure and Function of Proteins, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany and .,Institute for Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstrasse 7, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
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