1
|
SNARE Protein AoSec22 Orchestrates Mycelial Growth, Vacuole Assembly, Trap Formation, Stress Response, and Secondary Metabolism in Arthrobotrys oligospora. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:jof9010075. [PMID: 36675896 PMCID: PMC9863257 DOI: 10.3390/jof9010075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptors (SNAREs) facilitate intracellular vesicle trafficking and membrane fusion in eukaryotes and play a vital role in fungal growth, development, and pathogenicity. However, the functions of SNAREs are still largely unknown in nematode-trapping fungi. Arthrobotrys oligospora is a representative species of nematode-trapping fungi that can produce adhesive networks (traps) for nematode predation. In this study, we characterized AoSec22 in A. oligospora, a homolog of the yeast SNARE protein Sec22. Deletion of Aosec22 resulted in remarkable reductions in mycelial growth, the number of nuclei, conidia yield, and trap formation, especially for traps that failed to develop mature three-dimensional networks. Further, absence of Aosec22 impaired fatty acid utilization, autophagy, and stress tolerance; in addition, the vacuoles became small and fragmented in the hyphal cells of the ∆Aosec22 mutant, and large vacuoles failed to form. The reduced sporulation capacity correlated with the transcriptional repression of several sporulation-related genes, and the impaired accumulation of lipid droplets is in line with the transcriptional repression of several genes involved in fatty acid oxidation. Moreover, absence of Aosec22 remarkably impaired secondary metabolism, resulting in 4717 and 1230 compounds upregulated and downregulated in the ∆Aosec22 mutant, respectively. Collectively, our data highlighted that the SNARE protein AoSec22 plays a pleiotropic role in mycelial growth and development, vacuole assembly, lipid metabolism, stress response, and secondary metabolism; in particular, it is required for the proper development of traps in A. oligospora.
Collapse
|
2
|
Tai CS, Lan KC, Wang E, Chan FE, Hsieh MT, Huang CW, Weng SL, Chen PC, Chen WL. Nanotopography as Artificial Microenvironment for Accurate Visualization of Metastasis Development via Simulation of ECM Dynamics. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:1400-1411. [PMID: 33522822 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c04209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Metastatic progression is mediated by complex interactions between deregulated extracellular matrix (ECM) and cancer cells and remains a major challenge in cancer management. To investigate the role of ECM dynamics in promoting metastasis development, we developed an artificial microenvironment (AME) platform comprised of nanodot arrays of increasing diameter. Cells cultured on the platform showed increasing signs of mesenchymal-like cell transition as AME diameter increased, suggesting accurate simulation of ECM-mediated gene regulation. Gene expression was analyzed to determine genes significant to transition, which were then used to select appropriate small molecule drugs for time course treatments. Our results suggest that the platform can identify critical target genes as well as possible drug candidates. Overall, the AME platform allows for the study of intricate ECM-induced gene expression trends across metastasis development that would otherwise be difficult to visualize in vivo and may open new avenues toward successful personalized cancer management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chun-San Tai
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, College of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Chun Lan
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, College of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Erick Wang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, College of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Erh Chan
- Department of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Ting Hsieh
- Department of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Wen Huang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, College of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Long Weng
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hsinchu MacKay Memorial Hospital, Hsinchu City, Taiwan
| | - Po-Chun Chen
- Department of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Material Science and Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen Liang Chen
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, College of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Center for Intelligent Drug Systems and Smart Bio-devices (IDS2B), National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Guan L, Yang S, Li S, Liu Y, Liu Y, Yang Y, Qin G, Wang H, Wu T, Wang Z, Feng X, Wu Y, Zhu JK, Li X, Li L. AtSEC22 Regulates Cell Morphogenesis via Affecting Cytoskeleton Organization and Stabilities. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:635732. [PMID: 34149743 PMCID: PMC8211912 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.635732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The plant cytoskeleton forms a stereoscopic network that regulates cell morphogenesis. The cytoskeleton also provides tracks for trafficking of vesicles to the target membrane. Fusion of vesicles with the target membrane is promoted by SNARE proteins, etc. The vesicle-SNARE, Sec22, regulates membrane trafficking between the ER and Golgi in yeast and mammals. Arabidopsis AtSEC22 might also regulate early secretion and is essential for gametophyte development. However, the role of AtSEC22 in plant development is unclear. To clarify the role of AtSEC22 in the regulation of plant development, we isolated an AtSEC22 knock-down mutant, atsec22-4, and found that cell morphogenesis and development were seriously disturbed. atsec22-4 exhibited shorter primary roots (PRs), dwarf plants, and partial abortion. More interestingly, the atsec22-4 mutant had less trichomes with altered morphology, irregular stomata, and pavement cells, suggesting that cell morphogenesis was perturbed. Further analyses revealed that in atsec22-4, vesicle trafficking was blocked, resulting in the trapping of proteins in the ER and collapse of structures of the ER and Golgi apparatus. Furthermore, AtSEC22 defects resulted in impaired organization and stability of the cytoskeleton in atsec22-4. Our findings revealed essential roles of AtSEC22 in membrane trafficking and cytoskeleton dynamics during plant development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Guan
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Shurui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Shenglin Li
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Yu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Yuqi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Yi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Guochen Qin
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Haihai Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Zhigang Wang
- School of Life Sciences and Agriculture and Forestry, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Xianzhong Feng
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Yongrui Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian-Kang Zhu
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xugang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Lixin Li
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
- *Correspondence: Lixin Li,
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sun X, Cheng C, Zhang J, Jin X, Sun S, Mei L, Huang L. Intracellular Trafficking Network and Autophagy of PHBHHx Nanoparticles and their Implications for Drug Delivery. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9585. [PMID: 31270337 PMCID: PMC6610140 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45632-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate (PHBHHx), which is naturally generated by biodegradable polyhydroxyalkanoates synthesized by bacteria, is an attractive material for drug delivery due to its controllable physical properties, non-toxicity, environmental friendliness, degradable properties and good biocompatibility. However, the intracellular trafficking network pathways, especially the autophagy mechanism of PHBHHx nanoparticles (NPs), have rarely been investigated. In this paper, we successfully prepared the NPs used solvent displacement method and investigated the autophagy pathways and other intracellular trafficking mechanisms based on NPs with the assistance of Rab proteins. We found that NPs were internalized in cells mainly via clathrin endocytosis and caveolin endocytosis. Beside the classical pathways, we discovered two new pathways: the micropinocytosis early endosome (EEs)-micropinocytosis-lysosome pathway and the EEs-liposome-lysosome pathway. NPs were delivered to cells through endocytosis recycling vesicles and GLUT4 exocytosis vesicles. Similar to other nanoparticles, NPs also induced intracellular autophagy and were then degraded via endolysosomal pathways. 3-MA and CQ were used as autophagy inhibitors to avoid the degradation of NPs through lysosomes by blocking endolysosomal pathways. Tumor volumes and weights were significantly decreased when autophagy inhibitors and chemical drugs packaged in NPs were cooperatively used.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Sun
- Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Cheng Cheng
- College of chemistry and pharmaceutical engineering, Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology, Jilin, 132022, China
| | - Jinxie Zhang
- Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xing Jin
- College of chemistry and pharmaceutical engineering, Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology, Jilin, 132022, China.
| | - Shuqing Sun
- Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
- Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Lin Mei
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Laiqiang Huang
- Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Adnan M, Islam W, Zhang J, Zheng W, Lu GD. Diverse Role of SNARE Protein Sec22 in Vesicle Trafficking, Membrane Fusion, and Autophagy. Cells 2019; 8:E337. [PMID: 30974782 PMCID: PMC6523435 DOI: 10.3390/cells8040337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein synthesis begins at free ribosomes or ribosomes attached with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Newly synthesized proteins are transported to the plasma membrane for secretion through conventional or unconventional pathways. In conventional protein secretion, proteins are transported from the ER lumen to Golgi lumen and through various other compartments to be secreted at the plasma membrane, while unconventional protein secretion bypasses the Golgi apparatus. Soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptors (SNARE) proteins are involved in cargo vesicle trafficking and membrane fusion. The ER localized vesicle associated SNARE (v-SNARE) protein Sec22 plays a major role during anterograde and retrograde transport by promoting efficient membrane fusion and assisting in the assembly of higher order complexes by homodimer formation. Sec22 is not only confined to ER-Golgi intermediate compartments (ERGIC) but also facilitates formation of contact sites between ER and plasma membranes. Sec22 mutation is responsible for the development of atherosclerosis and symptoms in the brain in Alzheimer's disease and aging in humans. In the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, Sec22 is essential for photoreceptor morphogenesis, the wingless signaling pathway, and normal ER, Golgi, and endosome morphology. In the plant Arabidopsis thaliana, it is involved in development, and in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, it is in involved in the RNA interference (RNAi) pathway. In filamentous fungi, it affects cell wall integrity, growth, reproduction, pathogenicity, regulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), expression of extracellular enzymes, and transcriptional regulation of many development related genes. This review provides a detailed account of Sec22 function, summarizes its domain structure, discusses its genetic redundancy with Ykt6, discusses what is known about its localization to discrete membranes, its contributions in conventional and unconventional autophagy, and a variety of other roles across different cellular systems ranging from higher to lower eukaryotes, and highlights some of the surprises that have originated from research on Sec22.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Adnan
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, and Key Laboratory of Bio-pesticides and Chemical Biology Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Waqar Islam
- College of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, Fujian, China.
| | - Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, and Key Laboratory of Bio-pesticides and Chemical Biology Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Wenhui Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, and Key Laboratory of Bio-pesticides and Chemical Biology Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Guo-Dong Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, and Key Laboratory of Bio-pesticides and Chemical Biology Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| |
Collapse
|