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Kermani AA. Applications of fluorescent protein tagging in structural studies of membrane proteins. FEBS J 2024; 291:2719-2732. [PMID: 37470714 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Generating active, pure, and monodisperse protein remains a major bottleneck for structural studies using X-ray crystallography and cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM). The current methodology heavily relies on overexpressing the recombinant protein fused with a histidine tag in conventional expression systems and evaluating the quality and stability of purified protein using size exclusion chromatography (SEC). This requires a large amount of protein and can be highly laborious and time consuming. Therefore, this approach is not suitable for high-throughput screening and low-expressing macromolecules, particularly eukaryotic membrane proteins. Using fluorescent proteins fused to the target protein (applicable to both soluble and membrane proteins) enables rapid and efficient screening of expression level and monodispersity of tens of unpurified constructs using fluorescence-based size exclusion chromatography (FSEC). Moreover, FSEC proves valuable for screening multiple detergents to identify the most stabilizing agent in the case of membrane proteins. Additionally, FSEC can facilitate nanodisc reconstitution by determining the optimal ratio of membrane scaffold protein (MSP), lipids, and target protein. The distinct advantages offered by FSEC indicate that fluorescent proteins can serve as a viable alternative to commonly used affinity tags for both characterization and purification purposes. In this review, I will summarize the advantages of this technique using examples from my own work. It should be noted that this article is not intended to provide an exhaustive review of all available literature, but rather to offer representative examples of FSEC applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali A Kermani
- Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
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2
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Bax HHM, Jurak E. Characterization of Two Glycoside Hydrolases of Family GH13 and GH57, Present in a Polysaccharide Utilization Locus (PUL) of Pontibacter sp. SGAir0037. Molecules 2024; 29:2788. [PMID: 38930854 PMCID: PMC11206854 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29122788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Glycogen, an α-glucan polymer serving as an energy storage compound in microorganisms, is synthesized through distinct pathways (GlgC-GlgA or GlgE pathway). Both pathways involve multiple enzymes, with a shared glycogen branching enzyme (GBE). GBEs play a pivotal role in establishing α-1,6-linkages within the glycogen structure. GBEs are also used for starch modification. Understanding how these enzymes work is interesting for both glycogen synthesis in microorganisms, as well as novel applications for starch modification. This study focuses on a putative enzyme GH13_9 GBE (PoGBE13), present in a polysaccharide utilization locus (PUL) of Pontibacter sp. SGAir0037, and related to the GlgE glycogen synthesis pathway. While the PUL of Pontibacter sp. SGAir0037 contains glycogen-degrading enzymes, the branching enzyme (PoGBE13) was also found due to genetic closeness. Characterization revealed that PoGBE13 functions as a typical branching enzyme, exhibiting a relatively high branching over non-branching (hydrolysis and α-1,4-transferase activity) ratio on linear maltooctadecaose (3.0 ± 0.4). Besides the GH13_9 GBE, a GH57 (PoGH57) enzyme was selected for characterization from the same PUL due to its undefined function. The combined action of both GH13 and GH57 enzymes suggested 4-α-glucanotransferase activity for PoGH57. The characterization of these unique enzymes related to a GlgE glycogen synthesis pathway provides a more profound understanding of their interactions and synergistic roles in glycogen synthesis and are potential enzymes for use in starch modification processes. Due to the structural similarity between glycogen and starch, PoGBE13 can potentially be used for starch modification with different applications, for example, in functional food ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Edita Jurak
- Bioproduct Engineering, Engineering and Technology Institute Groningen, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands;
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3
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Urbániková Ľ, Janeček Š. Trehalose synthases from the subfamily GH13_16 involved in α-glucan biosynthesis - a focus on their maltokinase domain. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 268:131680. [PMID: 38641282 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
The subfamily GH13_16 trehalose synthase (TreS) converts maltose to trehalose and vice versa. Typically, it consists of three domains, but it may contain a C-terminal extension exhibiting clear sequence features of a maltokinase (MaK). The present in silico study was focused on collection of naturally fused TreS-MaKs and their subsequent detailed bioinformatics analysis. Hence a set of total 3354 unique sequences was compared consisting of 1900 single TreSs, 1426 fused TreS-MaKs and 28 single MaKs. Fused TreS-MaKs were divided into five groups, namely with a standard MaK, with mutations in the maltose-binding site, of the catalytic nucleophile, of the general acid/base and of both catalytic residues. Sequence logos bearing the best conserved sequence regions were prepared for both TreSs and MaKs in an effort to find unique sequence features. In addition, linkers connecting the TreS and MaK parts in the fused enzymes were analysed. This analysis revealed that MaKs in fused enzymes have an extended N-terminal regions compared to single MaKs. Finally, the evolutionary relationships were demonstrated by phylogenetic trees of TreS parts from single TreSs and fused TreS-MaKs from the same organism as well as of single TreSs existing in multiple isoforms in the same organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ľubica Urbániková
- Laboratory of Protein Evolution, Institute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, SK-84551 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Štefan Janeček
- Laboratory of Protein Evolution, Institute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, SK-84551 Bratislava, Slovakia; Institute of Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Ss. Cyril and Methodius in Trnava, SK-91701 Trnava, Slovakia.
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Cifuente JO, Colleoni C, Kalscheuer R, Guerin ME. Architecture, Function, Regulation, and Evolution of α-Glucans Metabolic Enzymes in Prokaryotes. Chem Rev 2024; 124:4863-4934. [PMID: 38606812 PMCID: PMC11046441 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Bacteria have acquired sophisticated mechanisms for assembling and disassembling polysaccharides of different chemistry. α-d-Glucose homopolysaccharides, so-called α-glucans, are the most widespread polymers in nature being key components of microorganisms. Glycogen functions as an intracellular energy storage while some bacteria also produce extracellular assorted α-glucans. The classical bacterial glycogen metabolic pathway comprises the action of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase and glycogen synthase, whereas extracellular α-glucans are mostly related to peripheral enzymes dependent on sucrose. An alternative pathway of glycogen biosynthesis, operating via a maltose 1-phosphate polymerizing enzyme, displays an essential wiring with the trehalose metabolism to interconvert disaccharides into polysaccharides. Furthermore, some bacteria show a connection of intracellular glycogen metabolism with the genesis of extracellular capsular α-glucans, revealing a relationship between the storage and structural function of these compounds. Altogether, the current picture shows that bacteria have evolved an intricate α-glucan metabolism that ultimately relies on the evolution of a specific enzymatic machinery. The structural landscape of these enzymes exposes a limited number of core catalytic folds handling many different chemical reactions. In this Review, we present a rationale to explain how the chemical diversity of α-glucans emerged from these systems, highlighting the underlying structural evolution of the enzymes driving α-glucan bacterial metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier O. Cifuente
- Instituto
Biofisika (UPV/EHU, CSIC), University of
the Basque Country, E-48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Christophe Colleoni
- University
of Lille, CNRS, UMR8576-UGSF -Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale
et Fonctionnelle, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Rainer Kalscheuer
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Marcelo E. Guerin
- Structural
Glycobiology Laboratory, Department of Structural and Molecular Biology, Molecular Biology Institute of Barcelona (IBMB), Spanish
National Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona Science Park, c/Baldiri Reixac 4-8, Tower R, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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Kalera K, Liu R, Lim J, Pathirage R, Swanson DH, Johnson UG, Stothard AI, Lee JJ, Poston AW, Woodruff PJ, Ronning DR, Eoh H, Swarts BM. Targeting Mycobacterium tuberculosis Persistence through Inhibition of the Trehalose Catalytic Shift. ACS Infect Dis 2024; 10:1391-1404. [PMID: 38485491 PMCID: PMC11019547 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.4c00138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), is the leading cause of death worldwide by infectious disease. Treatment of Mtb infection requires a six-month course of multiple antibiotics, an extremely challenging regimen necessitated by Mtb's ability to form drug-tolerant persister cells. Mtb persister formation is dependent on the trehalose catalytic shift, a stress-responsive metabolic remodeling mechanism in which the disaccharide trehalose is liberated from cell surface glycolipids and repurposed as an internal carbon source to meet energy and redox demands. Here, using a biofilm-persister model, metabolomics, and cryo-electron microscopy (EM), we found that azidodeoxy- and aminodeoxy-d-trehalose analogues block the Mtb trehalose catalytic shift through inhibition of trehalose synthase TreS (Rv0126), which catalyzes the isomerization of trehalose to maltose. Out of a focused eight-member compound panel constructed by chemoenzymatic synthesis, the natural product 2-trehalosamine exhibited the highest potency and significantly potentiated first- and second-line TB drugs in broth culture and macrophage infection assays. We also report the first structure of TreS bound to a substrate analogue inhibitor, obtained via cryo-EM, which revealed conformational changes likely essential for catalysis and inhibitor binding that can potentially be exploited for future therapeutic development. Our results demonstrate that inhibition of the trehalose catalytic shift is a viable strategy to target Mtb persisters and advance trehalose analogues as tools and potential adjunctive therapeutics for investigating and targeting mycobacterial persistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karishma Kalera
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Central Michigan
University, Mount
Pleasant, Michigan 48859, United States
- Biochemistry,
Cell, and Molecular Biology Program, Central
Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, Michigan 48859, United States
| | - Rachel Liu
- Department
of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, United States
| | - Juhyeon Lim
- Department
of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, United States
| | - Rasangi Pathirage
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of
Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
| | - Daniel H. Swanson
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Central Michigan
University, Mount
Pleasant, Michigan 48859, United States
| | - Ulysses G. Johnson
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Central Michigan
University, Mount
Pleasant, Michigan 48859, United States
- Biochemistry,
Cell, and Molecular Biology Program, Central
Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, Michigan 48859, United States
| | - Alicyn I. Stothard
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Central Michigan
University, Mount
Pleasant, Michigan 48859, United States
| | - Jae Jin Lee
- Department
of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, United States
| | - Anne W. Poston
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Central Michigan
University, Mount
Pleasant, Michigan 48859, United States
| | - Peter J. Woodruff
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Southern Maine, Portland, Maine 04104, United States
| | - Donald R. Ronning
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of
Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
| | - Hyungjin Eoh
- Department
of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, United States
| | - Benjamin M. Swarts
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Central Michigan
University, Mount
Pleasant, Michigan 48859, United States
- Biochemistry,
Cell, and Molecular Biology Program, Central
Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, Michigan 48859, United States
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Canales CSC, Pavan AR, Dos Santos JL, Pavan FR. In silico drug design strategies for discovering novel tuberculosis therapeutics. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2024; 19:471-491. [PMID: 38374606 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2024.2319042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tuberculosis remains a significant concern in global public health due to its intricate biology and propensity for developing antibiotic resistance. Discovering new drugs is a protracted and expensive endeavor, often spanning over a decade and incurring costs in the billions. However, computer-aided drug design (CADD) has surfaced as a nimbler and more cost-effective alternative. CADD tools enable us to decipher the interactions between therapeutic targets and novel drugs, making them invaluable in the quest for new tuberculosis treatments. AREAS COVERED In this review, the authors explore recent advancements in tuberculosis drug discovery enabled by in silico tools. The main objectives of this review article are to highlight emerging drug candidates identified through in silico methods and to provide an update on the therapeutic targets associated with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. EXPERT OPINION These in silico methods have not only streamlined the drug discovery process but also opened up new horizons for finding novel drug candidates and repositioning existing ones. The continued advancements in these fields hold great promise for more efficient, ethical, and successful drug development in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian S Carnero Canales
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
- School of Pharmacy, biochemistry and biotechnology, Santa Maria Catholic University, Arequipa, Perú
| | - Aline Renata Pavan
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | | | - Fernando Rogério Pavan
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
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Liu Y, Chen Y, Yue X, Liu Y, Ning J, Li L, Wu J, Luo X, Zhang S. Proteomics and Metabolomics Analysis Reveal the Regulation Mechanism of Linoleate Isomerase Activity and Function in Propionibacterium acnes. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:1643-1655. [PMID: 38222669 PMCID: PMC10785318 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c08243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) holds significant application prospects due to its anticancer, anti-atherosclerosis, lipid-lowering, weight-loss, and growth-promoting functions. The key to its efficient production lies in optimizing the biocatalytic performance of linoleic acid isomerase (LAI). Here, we constructed a Propionibacterium acnes mutant library and screened positive mutants with high linoleate isomerase activity. The proteomics and metabolomics were used to explore the mechanism in the regulation of linoleic acid isomerase activity. High-throughput proteomics revealed 104 differentially expressed proteins unique to positive mutant strains of linoleic acid isomerase of which 57 were upregulated and 47 were downregulated. These differentially expressed proteins were primarily involved in galactose metabolism, the phosphotransferase system, starch metabolism, and sucrose metabolism. Differential metabolic pathways were mainly enriched in amino acid biosynthesis, including glutamate metabolism, the Aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis pathway, and the ABC transporter pathway. The upregulated metabolites include dl-valine and Acetyl coA, while the downregulated metabolites include Glutamic acid and Phosphoenolpyruvate. Overall, the activity of linoleic acid isomerase in the mutant strain was increased by the regulation of key proteins involved in galactose metabolism, sucrose metabolism, and the phosphotransferase system. This study provides a theoretical basis for the development of high-yield CLA food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- College
of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110000, China
| | - Yeping Chen
- College
of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110000, China
| | - Xiqing Yue
- College
of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110000, China
| | - Yingying Liu
- College
of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110000, China
| | - Jianting Ning
- College
of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110000, China
| | - Libo Li
- College
of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110000, China
| | - Junrui Wu
- College
of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110000, China
| | - Xue Luo
- College
of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110000, China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- College
of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural
University, Harbin 150000, China
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8
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The role of trehalose biosynthesis on mycolate composition and L-glutamate production in Corynebacterium glutamicum. Microbiol Res 2022; 267:127260. [PMID: 36463830 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2022.127260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Corynebacterium glutamicum has been widely utilized for the industrial production of various amino acids. Trehalose is a prerequisite for the biosynthesis of mycolates which are structurally important constituents of the cell envelope in C. glutamicum. In this study, C. glutamicum mutant ΔSYA, which is unable to synthesize trehalose was constructed by deleting genes treS, treY and otsA in the three pathways of trehalose biosynthesis. In the fermentation medium, ΔSYA grew as well as the control C. glutamicum ATCC13869, synthesized similar levels of glucose monocorynomycolate, trehalose dicorynomycolate, and phospholipids to ATCC13869, but produced 12.5 times more L-glutamate than ATCC13869. Transcriptional levels of the genes relevant to L-arginine biosynthesis, encoding ODHC and relevant to the biosynthesis of sulfur-containing amino acids were down-regulated in ΔSYA. In minimal medium with different concentrations of glucose, ΔSYA grew worse than ATCC13869 but excreted more L-glutamate. When grown in minimal medium, phospholipids are the major lipid in ΔSYA, while glucose monocorynomycolate, trehalose dicorynomycolate, and phospholipids are the major lipid in ATCC13869. The transcriptional levels of mscCG in ΔSYA was significantly up-regulated when grown in minimal medium.
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Colpaert M, Kadouche D, Ducatez M, Pillonel T, Kebbi-Beghdadi C, Cenci U, Huang B, Chabi M, Maes E, Coddeville B, Couderc L, Touzet H, Bray F, Tirtiaux C, Ball S, Greub G, Colleoni C. Conservation of the glycogen metabolism pathway underlines a pivotal function of storage polysaccharides in Chlamydiae. Commun Biol 2021; 4:296. [PMID: 33674787 PMCID: PMC7935935 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-01794-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The order Chlamydiales includes obligate intracellular pathogens capable of infecting mammals, fishes and amoeba. Unlike other intracellular bacteria for which intracellular adaptation led to the loss of glycogen metabolism pathway, all chlamydial families maintained the nucleotide-sugar dependent glycogen metabolism pathway i.e. the GlgC-pathway with the notable exception of both Criblamydiaceae and Waddliaceae families. Through detailed genome analysis and biochemical investigations, we have shown that genome rearrangement events have resulted in a defective GlgC-pathway and more importantly we have evidenced a distinct trehalose-dependent GlgE-pathway in both Criblamydiaceae and Waddliaceae families. Altogether, this study strongly indicates that the glycogen metabolism is retained in all Chlamydiales without exception, highlighting the pivotal function of storage polysaccharides, which has been underestimated to date. We propose that glycogen degradation is a mandatory process for fueling essential metabolic pathways that ensure the survival and virulence of extracellular forms i.e. elementary bodies of Chlamydiales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Colpaert
- University of Lille, CNRS, UMR8576-UGSF-Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, Lille, France
| | - Derifa Kadouche
- University of Lille, CNRS, UMR8576-UGSF-Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, Lille, France
| | - Mathieu Ducatez
- University of Lille, CNRS, UMR8576-UGSF-Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, Lille, France
| | - Trestan Pillonel
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Lausanne and University Hospital Center, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Carole Kebbi-Beghdadi
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Lausanne and University Hospital Center, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ugo Cenci
- University of Lille, CNRS, UMR8576-UGSF-Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, Lille, France
| | - Binquan Huang
- University of Lille, CNRS, UMR8576-UGSF-Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, Lille, France
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan/School of Agriculture, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Malika Chabi
- University of Lille, CNRS, UMR8576-UGSF-Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, Lille, France
| | - Emmanuel Maes
- University of Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, US 41 - UMS 2014 - PLBS, Lille, France
| | - Bernadette Coddeville
- University of Lille, CNRS, UMR8576-UGSF-Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, Lille, France
| | - Loïc Couderc
- University of Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, US 41 - UMS 2014 - PLBS, Lille, France
| | - Hélène Touzet
- University of Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, UMR 9189 - CRIStAL - Centre de Recherche en Informatique Signal et Automatique de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Fabrice Bray
- University of Lille, CNRS, USR 3290-MSAP-Miniaturisation pour la Synthèse, l'Analyse et la Protéomique, Lille, France
| | - Catherine Tirtiaux
- University of Lille, CNRS, UMR8576-UGSF-Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, Lille, France
| | - Steven Ball
- University of Lille, CNRS, UMR8576-UGSF-Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, Lille, France
| | - Gilbert Greub
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Lausanne and University Hospital Center, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Christophe Colleoni
- University of Lille, CNRS, UMR8576-UGSF-Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, Lille, France.
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10
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Sakaguchi M. Diverse and common features of trehalases and their contributions to microbial trehalose metabolism. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:1837-1847. [PMID: 31925485 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-10339-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Trehalose is a stable disaccharide that consists of two glucose units linked primarily by an α,α-(1 → 1)-linkage, and it has been found in a wide variety of organisms. In these organisms, trehalose functions not only as a source of carbon energy but also as a protector against various stress conditions. In addition, this disaccharide is attractive for use in a wide range of applications due to its bioactivities. In trehalose metabolism, direct trehalose-hydrolyzing enzymes are known as trehalases, which have been reported for bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes, and are classified into glycoside hydrolase 37 (GH37), GH65, and GH15 families according to the Carbohydrate-Active enZyme (CAZy) database. The catalytic domains (CDs) of these enzymes commonly share (α/α)6-barrel structures and have two amino acid residues, Asp and/or Glu, that function as catalytic residues in an inverting mechanism. In this review, I focus on diverse and common features of trehalases within different GH families and their contributions to microbial trehalose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayoshi Sakaguchi
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Kogakuin University, 2,665-1 Nakano-cho, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0015, Japan.
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