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Tajoddin NN, Konermann L. Structural Dynamics of a Thermally Stressed Monoclonal Antibody Characterized by Temperature-Dependent H/D Exchange Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2022; 94:15499-15509. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c03931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nastaran N. Tajoddin
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Lars Konermann
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
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Luo Y, Li M, Xu D. Biochemical characterization of a disease-causing human osteoprotegerin variant. Sci Rep 2022; 12:15279. [PMID: 36088403 PMCID: PMC9464236 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19522-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, a human mutation of OPG was identified to be associated with familial forms of osteoarthritis. This missense mutation (c.1205A = > T; p.Stop402Leu) occurs on the stop codon of OPG, which results in a 19-residue appendage to the C-terminus (OPG+19). The biochemical consequence of this unusual sequence alteration remains unknown. Here we expressed OPG+19 in 293 cells and the mutant OPG was purified to homogeneity by heparin affinity chromatography and size exclusion chromatography. We found that in sharp contrast to wildtype OPG, which mainly exists in dimeric form, OPG+19 had a strong tendency to form higher-order oligomers. To our surprise, the hyper-oligomerization of OPG+19 had no impact on how it binds cell surface heparan sulfate, how it inhibits RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis and TRAIL-induced chondrocytes apoptosis. Our data suggest that in biological contexts where OPG is known to play a role, OPG+19 functions equivalently as wildtype OPG. The disease-causing mechanism of OPG+19 likely involves an unknown function of OPG in cartilage homeostasis and mineralization. By demonstrating the biochemical nature of this disease-causing OPG mutant, our study will likely help elucidating the biological roles of OPG in cartilage biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Luo
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, SUNY, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
| | - Miaomiao Li
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, SUNY, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
| | - Ding Xu
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, SUNY, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA.
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Passaponti S, Ermini L, Acconci G, Severi FM, Romagnoli R, Cutrupi S, Clerico M, Guerrera G, Ietta F. Rank-Rankl-Opg Axis in Multiple Sclerosis: The Contribution of Placenta. Cells 2022; 11:cells11081357. [PMID: 35456036 PMCID: PMC9031903 DOI: 10.3390/cells11081357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Women with multiple sclerosis (MS) can safely become pregnant and give birth, with no side effects or impediments. Pregnancy is generally accepted as a period of well-being in which relapses have a softer evolution, particularly in the third trimester. Herein, we hypothesized that the placenta, via its “secretome”, could contribute to the recognized beneficial effects of pregnancy on MS activity. We focused on a well-known receptor/ligand/decoy receptor system, such as the one composed by the receptor activator of nuclear factor-kB (RANK), its ligand (RANKL), and the decoy receptor osteoprotegerin (OPG), which have never been investigated in an integrated way in MS, pregnancy, and placenta. We reported that pregnancy at the term of gestation influences the balance between circulating RANKL and its endogenous inhibitor OPG in MS women. We demonstrated that the placenta at term is an invaluable source of homodimeric OPG. By functional studies on astrocytes, we showed that placental OPG suppresses the mRNA expression of the CCL20, a chemokine responsible for Th17 cell recruitment. We propose placental OPG as a crucial molecule for the recognized beneficial effect of late pregnancy on MS and its potential utility for the development of new and more effective therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Passaponti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (S.P.); (L.E.); (R.R.)
| | - Leonardo Ermini
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (S.P.); (L.E.); (R.R.)
| | - Giulia Acconci
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, Division of Prenatal Diagnosis and Obstetrics, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (G.A.); (F.M.S.)
| | - Filiberto Maria Severi
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, Division of Prenatal Diagnosis and Obstetrics, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (G.A.); (F.M.S.)
| | - Roberta Romagnoli
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (S.P.); (L.E.); (R.R.)
| | - Santina Cutrupi
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy; (S.C.); (M.C.)
| | - Marinella Clerico
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy; (S.C.); (M.C.)
| | - Gisella Guerrera
- Neuroimmunology Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00179 Rome, Italy;
| | - Francesca Ietta
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (S.P.); (L.E.); (R.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-05-7723-2370
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Wang F, Chau B, West SM, Kimberlin CR, Cao F, Schwarz F, Aguilar B, Han M, Morishige W, Bee C, Dollinger G, Rajpal A, Strop P. Structures of mouse and human GITR-GITRL complexes reveal unique TNF superfamily interactions. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1378. [PMID: 33654081 PMCID: PMC7925557 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21563-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoid-induced tumor necrosis factor receptor-related protein (GITR) and GITR ligand (GITRL) are members of the tumor necrosis superfamily that play a role in immune cell signaling, activation, and survival. GITR is a therapeutic target for directly activating effector CD4 and CD8 T cells, or depleting GITR-expressing regulatory T cells (Tregs), thereby promoting anti-tumor immune responses. GITR activation through its native ligand is important for understanding immune signaling, but GITR structure has not been reported. Here we present structures of human and mouse GITR receptors bound to their cognate ligands. Both species share a receptor–ligand interface and receptor–receptor interface; the unique C-terminal receptor–receptor enables higher order structures on the membrane. Human GITR–GITRL has potential to form a hexameric network of membrane complexes, while murine GITR–GITRL complex forms a linear chain due to dimeric interactions. Mutations at the receptor–receptor interface in human GITR reduce cell signaling with in vitro ligand binding assays and minimize higher order membrane structures when bound by fluorescently labeled ligand in cell imaging experiments. Glucocorticoid-induced tumor necrosis factor receptor-related protein (GITR) and GITR ligand (GITRL) regulate immune cell activities, including anti-tumor immune responses. Structures and visualization of human and mouse GITR–GITRL complexes offer insight into the architecture of higher-order membrane assemblies, and their signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Wang
- Discovery Biotherapeutics, Bristol Myers Squibb, Redwood City, CA, USA
| | - Bryant Chau
- Discovery Biotherapeutics, Bristol Myers Squibb, Redwood City, CA, USA
| | - Sean M West
- Discovery Biotherapeutics, Bristol Myers Squibb, Redwood City, CA, USA
| | | | - Fei Cao
- Discovery Chemistry, Bristol Myers Squibb, Redwood City, CA, USA
| | - Flavio Schwarz
- Discovery Biotherapeutics, Bristol Myers Squibb, Redwood City, CA, USA
| | - Barbara Aguilar
- Discovery Biotherapeutics, Bristol Myers Squibb, Redwood City, CA, USA
| | - Minhua Han
- Tumor Microenvironment Thematic Research Center, Bristol Myers Squibb, Redwood City, CA, USA
| | - Winse Morishige
- Discovery Biotherapeutics, Bristol Myers Squibb, Redwood City, CA, USA
| | - Christine Bee
- Discovery Biotherapeutics, Bristol Myers Squibb, Redwood City, CA, USA
| | - Gavin Dollinger
- Discovery Biotherapeutics, Bristol Myers Squibb, Redwood City, CA, USA
| | - Arvind Rajpal
- Genentech Research and Early Development, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Pavel Strop
- Discovery Biotherapeutics, Bristol Myers Squibb, Redwood City, CA, USA.
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Antiresorptive activity of osteoprotegerin requires an intact heparan sulfate-binding site. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:17187-17194. [PMID: 32636266 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2005859117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoprotegerin (OPG), a secreted decoy receptor for receptor activator of nuclear factor B ligand (RANKL), plays an essential role in regulating bone resorption. While much is known about the function of the N-terminal domains of OPG, which is responsible for binding to RANKL, the exact biological functions of the three C-terminal domains of OPG remain uncertain. We have previously shown that one likely function of the C-terminal domains of OPG is to bind cell surface heparan sulfate (HS), but the in vivo evidence was lacking. To investigate the biological significance of OPG-HS interaction in bone remodeling, we created OPG knock-in mice (opg AAA ). The mutated OPG is incapable of binding to HS but binds RANKL normally. Surprisingly, opg AAA/AAA mice displayed a severe osteoporotic phenotype that is very similar to opg-null mice, suggesting that the antiresorption activity of OPG requires HS. Mechanistically, we propose that the HS immobilizes secreted OPG at the surface of osteoblasts lineage cells, which facilitates binding of OPG to membrane-anchored RANKL. To further support this model, we altered the structure of osteoblast HS genetically to make it incapable of binding to OPG. Interestingly, osteocalcin-Cre;Hs2st f/f mice also displayed osteoporotic phenotype with similar severity to opg AAA/AAA mice. Combined, our data provide strong genetic evidence that OPG-HS interaction is indispensable for normal bone homeostasis.
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Structural mass spectrometry comes of age: new insight into protein structure, function and interactions. Biochem Soc Trans 2019; 47:317-327. [DOI: 10.1042/bst20180356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Mass spectrometry (MS) provides an impressive array of information about the structure, function and interactions of proteins. In recent years, many new developments have been in the field of native MS and these exemplify a new coming of age of this field. In this mini review, we connect the latest methodological and instrumental developments in native MS to the new insights these have enabled. We highlight the prominence of an increasingly common strategy of using hybrid approaches, where multiple MS-based techniques are used in combination, and integrative approaches, where MS is used alongside other techniques such as ion-mobility spectrometry. We also review how the emergence of a native top-down approach, which combines native MS with top-down proteomics into a single experiment, is the pièce de résistance of structural mass spectrometry's coming of age. Finally, we outline key developments that have enabled membrane protein native MS to shift from being extremely challenging to routine, and how this technique is uncovering inaccessible details of membrane protein–lipid interactions.
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