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Li Z, Wang Z, Zhong C, Zhang H, Liu R, An P, Ma Z, Lu J, Pan C, Zhang Z, Cao Z, Hu J, Xing D, Fei Y, Ding Y, Lu B. P53 upregulation by USP7-engaging molecular glues. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2024; 69:1936-1953. [PMID: 38734583 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2024.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Molecular glues are typically small chemical molecules that act at the interface between a target protein and degradation machinery to trigger ternary complex formation. Identifying molecular glues is challenging. There is a scarcity of target-specific upregulating molecular glues, which are highly anticipated for numerous targets, including P53. P53 is degraded in proteasomes through polyubiquitination by specific E3 ligases, whereas deubiquitinases (DUBs) remove polyubiquitination conjugates to counteract these E3 ligases. Thus, small-molecular glues that enhance P53 anchoring to DUBs may stabilize P53 through deubiquitination. Here, using small-molecule microarray-based technology and unbiased screening, we identified three potential molecular glues that may tether P53 to the DUB, USP7, and elevate the P53 level. Among the molecular glues, bromocriptine (BC) is an FDA-approved drug with the most robust effects. BC was further verified to increase P53 stability via the predicted molecular glue mechanism engaging USP7. Consistent with P53 upregulation in cancer cells, BC was shown to inhibit the proliferation of cancer cells in vitro and suppress tumor growth in a xenograft model. In summary, we established a potential screening platform and identified potential molecular glues upregulating P53. Similar strategies could be applied to the identification of other types of molecular glues that may benefit drug discovery and chemical biology studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyang Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Huashan Hospital, the Institutes of Brain Science, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China.
| | - Ziying Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Huashan Hospital, the Institutes of Brain Science, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Chao Zhong
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Huashan Hospital, the Institutes of Brain Science, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Hang Zhang
- Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Ultra-Precision Optical Manufacturing, Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Rui Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Huashan Hospital, the Institutes of Brain Science, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Ping An
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Huashan Hospital, the Institutes of Brain Science, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Zhiqiang Ma
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Huashan Hospital, the Institutes of Brain Science, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Junmei Lu
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Huashan Hospital, the Institutes of Brain Science, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Chengfang Pan
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Huashan Hospital, the Institutes of Brain Science, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Zhaolin Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Huashan Hospital, the Institutes of Brain Science, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Zhiyuan Cao
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Huashan Hospital, the Institutes of Brain Science, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Jianyi Hu
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Huashan Hospital, the Institutes of Brain Science, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Dong Xing
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yiyan Fei
- Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Ultra-Precision Optical Manufacturing, Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China.
| | - Yu Ding
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Huashan Hospital, the Institutes of Brain Science, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China.
| | - Boxun Lu
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Huashan Hospital, the Institutes of Brain Science, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China.
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2
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Park HB, Baek KH. Current and future directions of USP7 interactome in cancer study. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:188992. [PMID: 37775071 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.188992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is an essential protein quality controller for regulating protein homeostasis and autophagy. Ubiquitination is a protein modification process that involves the binding of one or more ubiquitins to substrates through a series of enzymatic processes. These include ubiquitin-activating enzymes (E1), ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes (E2), and ubiquitin ligases (E3). Conversely, deubiquitination is a reverse process that removes ubiquitin from substrates via deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs). Dysregulation of ubiquitination-related enzymes can lead to various human diseases, including cancer, through the modulation of protein ubiquitination. The most structurally and functionally studied DUB is the ubiquitin-specific protease 7 (USP7). Both the TRAF and UBL domains of USP7 are known to bind to the [P/A/E]-X-X-S or K-X-X-X-K motif of substrates. USP7 has been shown to be involved in cancer pathogenesis by binding with numerous substrates. Recently, a novel substrate of USP7 was discovered through a systemic analysis of its binding motif. This review summarizes the currently discovered substrates and cellular functions of USP7 in cancer and suggests putative substrates of USP7 through a comprehensive systemic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Beom Park
- Department of Convergence, CHA University, Gyeonggi-Do 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Hyun Baek
- Department of Convergence, CHA University, Gyeonggi-Do 13488, Republic of Korea; International Ubiquitin Center(,) CHA University, Gyeonggi-Do 13488, Republic of Korea.
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3
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Saha G, Roy S, Basu M, Ghosh MK. USP7 - a crucial regulator of cancer hallmarks. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:188903. [PMID: 37127084 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.188903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Over the course of three decades of study, the deubiquitinase Herpesvirus associated Ubiquitin-Specific Protease/Ubiquitin-Specific Protease 7 (HAUSP/USP7) has gradually come to be recognized as a crucially important molecule in cellular physiology. The fact that USP7 is overexpressed in a number of cancers, including breast, prostate, colorectal, and lung cancers, supports the idea that USP7 is also an important regulator of tumorigenesis. In this review, we discuss USP7's function in relation to the cancer hallmarks described by Hanahan and Weinberg. This post-translational modifier can support increased proliferation, block unfavorable growth signals, stop cell death, and support an unstable cellular genome by manipulating key players in the pertinent signalling circuit. It is interesting to note that USP7 also aids in the stabilization of molecules that support angiogenesis and metastasis. Targeting USP7 has now emerged as a crucial component of USP7 research because pharmacological inhibition of USP7 supports p53-mediated cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Efficacious USP7 inhibition is currently being investigated in both synthetic and natural compounds, but issues with selectivity and a lack of co-crystal structure have hindered USP7 inhibition from being tested in clinical settings. Moreover, the development of new, more effective USP7 inhibitors and their encouraging implications by numerous groups give us a glimmer of hope for USP7-targeting medications as effective substitutes for hazardous cancer chemotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gouranga Saha
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (CSIR-IICB), TRUE Campus, CN-6, Sector-V, Salt Lake, Kolkata-700091 & 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, PIN - 700032, India
| | - Srija Roy
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (CSIR-IICB), TRUE Campus, CN-6, Sector-V, Salt Lake, Kolkata-700091 & 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, PIN - 700032, India
| | - Malini Basu
- Department of Microbiology, Dhruba Chand Halder College, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, PIN - 743372, India
| | - Mrinal K Ghosh
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (CSIR-IICB), TRUE Campus, CN-6, Sector-V, Salt Lake, Kolkata-700091 & 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, PIN - 700032, India.
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4
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Zhou L, Ouyang T, Li M, Hong T, Mhs A, Meng W, Zhang N. Ubiquitin-Specific Peptidase 7: A Novel Deubiquitinase That Regulates Protein Homeostasis and Cancers. Front Oncol 2021; 11:784672. [PMID: 34869041 PMCID: PMC8640129 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.784672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitin-Specific Peptidase 7 (USP7), or herpes virus-associated protease (HAUSP), is the largest family of the deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs). Recent studies have shown that USP7 plays a vital role in regulating various physiological and pathological processes. Dysregulation of these processes mediated by USP7 may contribute to many diseases, such as cancers. Moreover, USP7 with aberrant expression levels and abnormal activity are found in cancers. Therefore, given the association between USP7 and cancers, targeting USP7 could be considered as an attractive and potential therapeutic approach in cancer treatment. This review describes the functions of USP7 and the regulatory mechanisms of its expression and activity, aiming to emphasize the necessity of research on USP7, and provide a better understanding of USP7-related biological processes and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhou
- First Clinical Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Taohui Ouyang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Meihua Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Tao Hong
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Alriashy Mhs
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Meng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Na Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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5
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Zhang S, Zhou T, Wang Z, Yi F, Li C, Guo W, Xu H, Cui H, Dong X, Liu J, Song X, Cao L. Post-Translational Modifications of PCNA in Control of DNA Synthesis and DNA Damage Tolerance-the Implications in Carcinogenesis. Int J Biol Sci 2021; 17:4047-4059. [PMID: 34671219 PMCID: PMC8495385 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.64628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The faithful DNA replication is a critical event for cell survival and inheritance. However, exogenous or endogenous sources of damage challenge the accurate synthesis of DNA, which causes DNA lesions. The DNA lesions are obstacles for replication fork progression. However, the prolonged replication fork stalling leads to replication fork collapse, which may cause DNA double-strand breaks (DSB). In order to maintain genomic stability, eukaryotic cells evolve translesion synthesis (TLS) and template switching (TS) to resolve the replication stalling. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) trimer acts as a slide clamp and encircles DNA to orchestrate DNA synthesis and DNA damage tolerance (DDT). The post-translational modifications (PTMs) of PCNA regulate these functions to ensure the appropriate initiation and termination of replication and DDT. The aberrant regulation of PCNA PTMs will result in DSB, which causes mutagenesis and poor response to chemotherapy. Here, we review the roles of the PCNA PTMs in DNA duplication and DDT. We propose that clarifying the regulation of PCNA PTMs may provide insights into understanding the development of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyi Zhang
- Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110122, PR China
| | - Tingting Zhou
- Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110122, PR China
| | - Zhuo Wang
- Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110122, PR China
| | - Fei Yi
- Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110122, PR China
| | - Chunlu Li
- Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110122, PR China
| | - Wendong Guo
- Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110122, PR China
| | - Hongde Xu
- Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110122, PR China
| | - Hongyan Cui
- Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110122, PR China
| | - Xiang Dong
- Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110122, PR China
| | - Jingwei Liu
- Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110122, PR China
| | - Xiaoyu Song
- Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110122, PR China
| | - Liu Cao
- College of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology of Ministry of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education, Liaoning Province Collaborative Innovation Center of Aging Related Disease Diagnosis and Treatment and Prevention, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110122, PR China
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6
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p53 Protein Isoform Profiles in AML: Correlation with Distinct Differentiation Stages and Response to Epigenetic Differentiation Therapy. Cells 2021; 10:cells10040833. [PMID: 33917201 PMCID: PMC8068061 DOI: 10.3390/cells10040833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
p53 protein isoform expression has been found to correlate with prognosis and chemotherapy response in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). We aimed to investigate how p53 protein isoforms are modulated during epigenetic differentiation therapy in AML, and if p53 isoform expression could be a potential biomarker for predicting a response to this treatment. p53 full-length (FL), p53β and p53γ protein isoforms were analyzed by 1D and 2D gel immunoblots in AML cell lines, primary AML cells from untreated patients and AML cells from patients before and after treatment with valproic acid (VPA), all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and theophylline. Furthermore, global gene expression profiling analysis was performed on samples from the clinical protocol. Correlation analyses were performed between p53 protein isoform expression and in vitro VPA sensitivity and FAB (French–American–British) class in primary AML cells. The results show downregulation of p53β/γ and upregulation of p53FL in AML cell lines treated with VPA, and in some of the patients treated with differentiation therapy. p53FL positively correlated with in vitro VPA sensitivity and the FAB class of AML, while p53β/γ isoforms negatively correlated with the same. Our results indicate that p53 protein isoforms are modulated by and may predict sensitivity to differentiation therapy in AML.
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7
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DNA-damage tolerance through PCNA ubiquitination and sumoylation. Biochem J 2021; 477:2655-2677. [PMID: 32726436 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20190579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
DNA-damage tolerance (DDT) is employed by eukaryotic cells to bypass replication-blocking lesions induced by DNA-damaging agents. In budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, DDT is mediated by RAD6 epistatic group genes and the central event for DDT is sequential ubiquitination of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), a DNA clamp required for replication and DNA repair. DDT consists of two parallel pathways: error-prone DDT is mediated by PCNA monoubiquitination, which recruits translesion synthesis DNA polymerases to bypass lesions with decreased fidelity; and error-free DDT is mediated by K63-linked polyubiquitination of PCNA at the same residue of monoubiquitination, which facilitates homologous recombination-mediated template switch. Interestingly, the same PCNA residue is also subjected to sumoylation, which leads to inhibition of unwanted recombination at replication forks. All three types of PCNA posttranslational modifications require dedicated conjugating and ligation enzymes, and these enzymes are highly conserved in eukaryotes, from yeast to human.
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8
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Tang LJ, Zhou YJ, Xiong XM, Li NS, Zhang JJ, Luo XJ, Peng J. Ubiquitin-specific protease 7 promotes ferroptosis via activation of the p53/TfR1 pathway in the rat hearts after ischemia/reperfusion. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 162:339-352. [PMID: 33157209 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.10.307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Iron overload triggers the ferroptosis in the heart following ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) and transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1) charges the cellular iron uptake. Bioinformatics analysis shows that the three molecules of ubiquitin-specific protease 7 (USP7), p53 and TfR1 form a unique pathway of USP7/p53/TfR1. This study aims to explore whether USP7/p53/TfR1 pathway promotes ferroptosis in rat hearts suffered I/R and the underlying mechanisms. The SD rat hearts were subjected to 1 h-ischemia plus 3 h-reperfusion, showing myocardial injury (increase in creatine kinase release, infarct size, myocardial fiber loss and disarray) and up-regulation of USP7, p53 and TfR1 concomitant with an increase of ferroptosis (reflecting by accumulation of iron and lipid peroxidation while decrease of glutathione peroxidase activity). Inhibition of USP7 activated p53 via suppressing deubiquitination, which led to down-regulation of TfR1, accompanied by the decreased ferroptosis and myocardial I/R injury. Next, H9c2 cells underwent hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) in vitro to mimic the myocardial I/R model in vivo. Consistent with the results in vivo, inhibition or knockdown of USP7 reduced the H/R injury (decrease of LDH release and necrosis) and enhanced the ubiquitination of p53 along with the decreased levels of p53 and TfR1 as well as the attenuated ferroptosis (manifesting as the decreased iron content and lipid peroxidation while the increased GPX activity). Knockdown of TfR1 inhibited H/R-induced ferroptosis without p53 deubiquitination. Based on these observations, we conclude that a novel pathway of USP7/p53/TfR1 has been identified in the I/R-treated rat hearts, where up-regulation of USP7promotes ferrptosis via activation of the p53/TfR1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Jing Tang
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Yuan-Jing Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Xiong
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Nian-Sheng Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Jie-Jie Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, China; Hunan Engineering Research Center of Early Life Development and Disease Prevention, Changsha, China
| | - Xiu-Ju Luo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China.
| | - Jun Peng
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China.
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9
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Valles GJ, Bezsonova I, Woodgate R, Ashton NW. USP7 Is a Master Regulator of Genome Stability. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:717. [PMID: 32850836 PMCID: PMC7419626 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic alterations, including DNA mutations and chromosomal abnormalities, are primary drivers of tumor formation and cancer progression. These alterations can endow cells with a selective growth advantage, enabling cancers to evade cell death, proliferation limits, and immune checkpoints, to metastasize throughout the body. Genetic alterations occur due to failures of the genome stability pathways. In many cancers, the rate of alteration is further accelerated by the deregulation of these processes. The deubiquitinating enzyme ubiquitin specific protease 7 (USP7) has recently emerged as a key regulator of ubiquitination in the genome stability pathways. USP7 is also deregulated in many cancer types, where deviances in USP7 protein levels are correlated with cancer progression. In this work, we review the increasingly evident role of USP7 in maintaining genome stability, the links between USP7 deregulation and cancer progression, as well as the rationale of targeting USP7 in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle J Valles
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, United States
| | - Irina Bezsonova
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, United States
| | - Roger Woodgate
- Laboratory of Genomic Integrity, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Nicholas W Ashton
- Laboratory of Genomic Integrity, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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10
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Zhao XB, Ji FY, Li HR, Zhu HH, Zhao ZZ, Ling J, Di QQ, Ma XY, Chen WL. P22077 inhibits LPS-induced inflammatory response by promoting K48-linked ubiquitination and degradation of TRAF6. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:10969-10982. [PMID: 32516131 PMCID: PMC7346011 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is a biological process associated with multiple human disorders such as autoimmune diseases and metabolic diseases. Therefore, alleviation of inflammation is important for disease prevention or treatment. Recently, deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs), especially ubiquitin specific protease-7 (USP7) attracts increasing attention as a potential drug target for inflammation. As an inhibitor of USP7, P22077 has been used to study the roles of USP7 in inflammatory response and neuroblastoma growth. However, the role and precise mechanism of P22077 in anti-inflammatory is still indistinct. In this study, we demonstrated that P22077 could attenuate the release of pro-inflammatory factors including TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and NO, suppress mRNA expression of COX-2 and iNOS, and inhibit activation of NF-κB and MAPKs signaling pathways in Raw264.7 cells and mouse peritoneal macrophages after LPS stimulation. In vivo study showed that P22077 could relieve inflammatory response and reduce the lung injury in C57BL/6 mice with LPS-induced endotoxemia. Mechanically, P22077 might play an anti-inflammatory role by promoting tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) degradation via K48-linked polyubiquitination. These findings provide a rationale for the role of the P22077 in anti-inflammatory pathway and the promising clinical application of P22077 to treat inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Bao Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Department of Immunology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen 518060, China.,Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Fei-Yang Ji
- Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Hong-Rui Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Department of Immunology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen 518060, China.,Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Hui-Hui Zhu
- Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Zi-Zhao Zhao
- Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Jing Ling
- Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Qian-Qian Di
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Department of Immunology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Xing-Yu Ma
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Department of Immunology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Wei-Lin Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Department of Immunology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen 518060, China
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11
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Masuda Y, Masutani C. Spatiotemporal regulation of PCNA ubiquitination in damage tolerance pathways. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2019; 54:418-442. [PMID: 31736364 DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2019.1687420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
DNA is constantly exposed to a wide variety of exogenous and endogenous agents, and most DNA lesions inhibit DNA synthesis. To cope with such problems during replication, cells have molecular mechanisms to resume DNA synthesis in the presence of DNA lesions, which are known as DNA damage tolerance (DDT) pathways. The concept of ubiquitination-mediated regulation of DDT pathways in eukaryotes was established via genetic studies in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, in which two branches of the DDT pathway are regulated via ubiquitination of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA): translesion DNA synthesis (TLS) and homology-dependent repair (HDR), which are stimulated by mono- and polyubiquitination of PCNA, respectively. Over the subsequent nearly two decades, significant progress has been made in understanding the mechanisms that regulate DDT pathways in other eukaryotes. Importantly, TLS is intrinsically error-prone because of the miscoding nature of most damaged nucleotides and inaccurate replication of undamaged templates by TLS polymerases (pols), whereas HDR is theoretically error-free because the DNA synthesis is thought to be predominantly performed by pol δ, an accurate replicative DNA pol, using the undamaged sister chromatid as its template. Thus, the regulation of the choice between the TLS and HDR pathways is critical to determine the appropriate biological outcomes caused by DNA damage. In this review, we summarize our current understanding of the species-specific regulatory mechanisms of PCNA ubiquitination and how cells choose between TLS and HDR. We then provide a hypothetical model for the spatiotemporal regulation of DDT pathways in human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Masuda
- Department of Genome Dynamics, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan.,Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Chikahide Masutani
- Department of Genome Dynamics, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan.,Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
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Masuda Y, Saeki Y, Arai N, Kawai H, Kukimoto I, Tanaka K, Masutani C. Stepwise multipolyubiquitination of p53 by the E6AP-E6 ubiquitin ligase complex. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:14860-14875. [PMID: 31492752 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.008374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The human papillomavirus (HPV) oncoprotein E6 specifically binds to E6AP (E6-associated protein), a HECT (homologous to the E6AP C terminus)-type ubiquitin ligase, and directs its ligase activity toward the tumor suppressor p53. To examine the biochemical reaction in vitro, we established an efficient reconstitution system for the polyubiquitination of p53 by the E6AP-E6 complex. We demonstrate that E6AP-E6 formed a stable ternary complex with p53, which underwent extensive polyubiquitination when the isolated ternary complex was incubated with E1, E2, and ubiquitin. Mass spectrometry and biochemical analysis of the reaction products identified lysine residues as p53 ubiquitination sites. A p53 mutant with arginine substitutions of its 18 lysine residues was not ubiquitinated. Analysis of additional p53 mutants retaining only one or two intact ubiquitination sites revealed that chain elongation at each of these sites was limited to 5-6-mers. We also determined the size distribution of ubiquitin chains released by en bloc cleavage from polyubiquitinated p53 to be 2-6-mers. Taken together, these results strongly suggest that p53 is multipolyubiquitinated with short chains by E6AP-E6. In addition, analysis of growing chains provided strong evidence for step-by-step chain elongation. Thus, we hypothesize that p53 is polyubiquitinated in a stepwise manner through the back-and-forth movement of the C-lobe, and the permissive distance for the movement of the C-lobe restricts the length of the chains in the E6AP-E6-p53 ternary complex. Finally, we show that multipolyubiquitination at different sites provides a signal for proteasomal degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Masuda
- Department of Genome Dynamics, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan .,Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Yasushi Saeki
- Laboratory of Protein Metabolism, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| | - Naoko Arai
- Laboratory of Protein Metabolism, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| | - Hidehiko Kawai
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Iwao Kukimoto
- Pathogen Genomics Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 4-7-1 Gakuen, Musashi-murayama, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan
| | - Keiji Tanaka
- Laboratory of Protein Metabolism, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| | - Chikahide Masutani
- Department of Genome Dynamics, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan.,Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
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