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Rashid MU, Coombs KM. Chloride Intracellular Channel Protein 1 (CLIC1) Is a Critical Host Cellular Factor for Influenza A Virus Replication. Viruses 2024; 16:129. [PMID: 38257829 PMCID: PMC10819074 DOI: 10.3390/v16010129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Influenza A Virus (IAV) uses host cellular proteins during replication in host cells. IAV infection causes elevated expression of chloride intracellular channel protein 1 (CLIC1) in lung epithelial cells, but the importance of this protein in IAV replication is unknown. (2) In this study, we determined the role of CLIC1 in IAV replication by investigating the effects of CLIC1 knockdown (KD) on IAV viral protein translation, genomic RNA transcription, and host cellular proteome dysregulation. (3) Results: CLIC1 KD in A549 human lung epithelial cells resulted in a significant decrease in progeny supernatant IAV, but virus protein expression was unaffected. However, a significantly larger number of viral RNAs accumulated in CLIC1 KD cells. Treatment with a CLIC1 inhibitor also caused a significant reduction in IAV replication, suggesting that CLIC1 is an important host factor in IAV replication. SomaScan®, which measures 1322 proteins, identified IAV-induced dysregulated proteins in wild-type cells and in CLIC1 KD cells. The expression of 116 and 149 proteins was significantly altered in wild-type and in CLIC1 KD cells, respectively. A large number of the dysregulated proteins in CLIC1 KD cells were associated with cellular transcription and predicted to be inhibited during IAV replication. (4) Conclusions: This study suggests that CLIC1 is involved in later stages of IAV replication. Further investigation should clarify mechanism(s) for the development of anti-IAV drugs targeting CLIC1 protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahamud-ur Rashid
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Room 543 Basic Medical Sciences Building, 745 Bannatyne Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R3E OJ9, Canada
- Manitoba Centre for Proteomics and Systems Biology, Room 799, 715 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada
| | - Kevin M. Coombs
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Room 543 Basic Medical Sciences Building, 745 Bannatyne Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R3E OJ9, Canada
- Manitoba Centre for Proteomics and Systems Biology, Room 799, 715 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada
- Children’s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Room 513, John Buhler Research Centre, 715 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada
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2
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Tang Y, Behrens RT, St Gelais C, Wu S, Vivekanandan S, Razin E, Fang P, Wu L, Sherer N, Musier-Forsyth K. Human lysyl-tRNA synthetase phosphorylation promotes HIV-1 proviral DNA transcription. Nucleic Acids Res 2023; 51:12111-12123. [PMID: 37933844 PMCID: PMC10711549 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Human lysyl-tRNA synthetase (LysRS) was previously shown to be re-localized from its normal cytoplasmic location in a multi-aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase complex (MSC) to the nucleus of HIV-1 infected cells. Nuclear localization depends on S207 phosphorylation but the nuclear function of pS207-LysRS in the HIV-1 lifecycle is unknown. Here, we show that HIV-1 replication was severely reduced in a S207A-LysRS knock-in cell line generated by CRISPR/Cas9; this effect was rescued by S207D-LysRS. LysRS phosphorylation up-regulated HIV-1 transcription, as did direct transfection of Ap4A, an upstream transcription factor 2 (USF2) activator that is synthesized by pS207-LysRS. Overexpressing an MSC-derived peptide known to stabilize LysRS MSC binding inhibited HIV-1 replication. Transcription of HIV-1 proviral DNA and other USF2 target genes was reduced in peptide-expressing cells. We propose that nuclear pS207-LysRS generates Ap4A, leading to activation of HIV-1 transcription. Our results suggest a new role for nuclear LysRS in facilitating HIV-1 replication and new avenues for antiviral therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingke Tang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Center for Retrovirus Research, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Center for RNA Biology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Ryan T Behrens
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, Institute for Molecular Virology, & Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Corine St Gelais
- Center for Retrovirus Research, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Center for RNA Biology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Siqi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Saravanan Vivekanandan
- Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Inflammation Program, National University of Singapore and The Hebrew University of Jerusalem (NUS–HUJ), Singapore
| | - Ehud Razin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Pengfei Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Li Wu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Nathan Sherer
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, Institute for Molecular Virology, & Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Karin Musier-Forsyth
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Center for Retrovirus Research, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Center for RNA Biology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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3
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Hei Z, Fang P. Sequential magnesium binding facilitates lysyl-tRNA synthetase to recognize ATP. Biochem Biophys Rep 2023; 33:101426. [PMID: 36647555 PMCID: PMC9840234 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2023.101426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRSs) catalyze the ligation of amino acids to cognate tRNAs by consuming one molecule of ATP. Magnesium is essential for the enzymes' activity. Certain class II aaRSs, such as lysyl-tRNA synthetase (LysRS) and seryl-tRNA synthetase (SerRS), recognize ATP together with three magnesium ions in the active site. The detailed role of how these magnesium ions facilitate the ATP recognition by the enzyme is unclear. Here, we report analyses of a crystal structure of human LysRS, in which the two enzymatic pockets of the LysRS dimer are in different states. One pocket is vacant of ATP, and the other is in an intermediate state of ATP recognition. Interestingly, only one magnesium ion instead of three is bound in both states. Compared with our previously solved LysRS structures, we proposed the order of binding for the three magnesium ions. These structures also reveal multiple intermediate ATP-bound states during the amino acid activation reaction, providing critical insights into the mechanisms of the magnesium-dependent enzyme activity of class II aaRSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhoufei Hei
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Sub-lane Xiangshan, Hangzhou, 310024, China,State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Pengfei Fang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Sub-lane Xiangshan, Hangzhou, 310024, China,State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China,Corresponding author. State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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4
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Kook MG, Byun MR, Lee SM, Lee MH, Lee DH, Lee HB, Lee EJ, Baek K, Kim S, Kang KS, Choi JW. Anti-apoptotic Splicing Variant of AIMP2 Recover Mutant SOD1-Induced Neuronal Cell Death. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:145-159. [PMID: 36242734 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-03073-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Although a couple of studies have reported that mutant superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), one of the causative genes of familial amyotrophic lateral, interacts physically with lysyl-tRNA synthetase (KARS1) by a gain of function, there is limited evidence regarding the detailed mechanism about how the interaction leads to neuronal cell death. Our results indicated that the aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase-interacting multi-functional protein 2 (AIMP2) mediated cell death upon the interplay between mutant SOD1 and KARS1 in ALS. Binding of mutant SOD1 with KARS1 led to the release of AIMP2 from its original binding partner KARS1, and the free form of AIMP2 induced TRAF2 degradation followed by TNF-α-induced cell death. We also suggest a therapeutic application that overexpression of DX2, the exon 2-deleted antagonistic splicing variant of AIMP2 (AIMP2-DX2), reduced neuronal cell death in the ALS mouse model. Expression of DX2 suppressed TRAF2 degradation and TNF-α-induced cell death by competing mode of action against full-length AIMP2. Motor neuron differentiated form iPSC showed a resistance in neuronal cell death after DX2 administration. Further, intrathecal administration of DX2-coding adeno-associated virus (AAV) improved locomotive activity and survival in a mutant SOD1-induced ALS mouse model. Taken together, these results indicated that DX2 could prolong life span and delay the ALS symptoms through compensation in neuronal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myung Geun Kook
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.,Adult Stem Cell Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Ran Byun
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedicinal and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Min Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.,Department of Pharmacology, College of Dentistry and Research Institute of Oral Science, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangwon-do, 25457, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Hak Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.,Department of Pharmacology, College of Dentistry and Research Institute of Oral Science, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangwon-do, 25457, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Hoon Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.,Department of Pharmacology, College of Dentistry and Research Institute of Oral Science, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangwon-do, 25457, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Been Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Dentistry and Research Institute of Oral Science, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangwon-do, 25457, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui-Jin Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.,Department of Pharmacology, College of Dentistry and Research Institute of Oral Science, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangwon-do, 25457, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyunghwa Baek
- Department of Biomedicinal and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.,Generoath Ltd, Seoul, 04168, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunghoon Kim
- Medicinal Bioconvergence Research Center, Institute for Artificial Intelligence and Biomedical Research, College of Pharmacy and College of Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Sun Kang
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea. .,Adult Stem Cell Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jin Woo Choi
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Pharmacology, College of Dentistry and Research Institute of Oral Science, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangwon-do, 25457, Republic of Korea.
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5
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Multimodal cotranslational interactions direct assembly of the human multi-tRNA synthetase complex. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2205669119. [PMID: 36037331 PMCID: PMC9457175 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2205669119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Amino acid ligation to cognate transfer RNAs (tRNAs) is catalyzed by aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRSs)-essential interpreters of the genetic code during translation. Mammalian cells harbor 20 cytoplasmic aaRSs, out of which 9 (in 8 proteins), with 3 non-aaRS proteins, AIMPs 1 to 3, form the ∼1.25-MDa multi-tRNA synthetase complex (MSC). The function of MSC remains uncertain, as does its mechanism of assembly. Constituents of multiprotein complexes encounter obstacles during assembly, including inappropriate interactions, topological constraints, premature degradation of unassembled subunits, and suboptimal stoichiometry. To facilitate orderly and efficient complex formation, some complexes are assembled cotranslationally by a mechanism in which a fully formed, mature protein binds a nascent partner as it emerges from the translating ribosome. Here, we show out of the 121 possible interaction events between the 11 MSC constituents, 15 are cotranslational. AIMPs are involved in the majority of these cotranslational interactions, suggesting they are not only critical for MSC structure but also for assembly. Unexpectedly, several cotranslational events involve more than the usual dyad of interacting proteins. We show two modes of cotranslational interaction, namely a "multisite" mechanism in which two or more mature proteins bind the same nascent peptide at distinct sites and a second "piggy-back" mechanism in which a mature protein carries a second fully formed protein and binds to a single site on an emerging peptide. Multimodal mechanisms of cotranslational interaction offer a diversity of pathways for ordered, piecewise assembly of small subcomplexes into larger heteromultimeric complexes such as the mammalian MSC.
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6
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Cantara WA, Pathirage C, Hatterschide J, Olson ED, Musier-Forsyth K. Phosphomimetic S207D Lysyl-tRNA Synthetase Binds HIV-1 5'UTR in an Open Conformation and Increases RNA Dynamics. Viruses 2022; 14:1556. [PMID: 35891536 PMCID: PMC9315659 DOI: 10.3390/v14071556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Interactions between lysyl-tRNA synthetase (LysRS) and HIV-1 Gag facilitate selective packaging of the HIV-1 reverse transcription primer, tRNALys3. During HIV-1 infection, LysRS is phosphorylated at S207, released from a multi-aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase complex and packaged into progeny virions. LysRS is critical for proper targeting of tRNALys3 to the primer-binding site (PBS) by specifically binding a PBS-adjacent tRNA-like element (TLE), which promotes release of the tRNA proximal to the PBS. However, whether LysRS phosphorylation plays a role in this process remains unknown. Here, we used a combination of binding assays, RNA chemical probing, and small-angle X-ray scattering to show that both wild-type (WT) and a phosphomimetic S207D LysRS mutant bind similarly to the HIV-1 genomic RNA (gRNA) 5'UTR via direct interactions with the TLE and stem loop 1 (SL1) and have a modest preference for binding dimeric gRNA. Unlike WT, S207D LysRS bound in an open conformation and increased the dynamics of both the PBS region and SL1. A new working model is proposed wherein a dimeric phosphorylated LysRS/tRNA complex binds to a gRNA dimer to facilitate tRNA primer release and placement onto the PBS. Future anti-viral strategies that prevent this host factor-gRNA interaction are envisioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- William A. Cantara
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (C.P.); (J.H.); (E.D.O.)
- Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Center for RNA Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Chathuri Pathirage
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (C.P.); (J.H.); (E.D.O.)
- Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Center for RNA Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Ohio State Biochemistry Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Joshua Hatterschide
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (C.P.); (J.H.); (E.D.O.)
- Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Center for RNA Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Erik D. Olson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (C.P.); (J.H.); (E.D.O.)
- Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Center for RNA Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Ohio State Biochemistry Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Karin Musier-Forsyth
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (C.P.); (J.H.); (E.D.O.)
- Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Center for RNA Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Ohio State Biochemistry Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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7
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Khan K, Gogonea V, Fox PL. Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases of the multi-tRNA synthetase complex and their role in tumorigenesis. Transl Oncol 2022; 19:101392. [PMID: 35278792 PMCID: PMC8914993 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2022.101392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In mammalian cells, 20 aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (AARS) catalyze the ligation of amino acids to their cognate tRNAs to generate aminoacylated-tRNAs. In higher eukaryotes, 9 of the 20 AARSs, along with 3 auxiliary proteins, join to form the cytoplasmic multi-tRNA synthetase complex (MSC). The complex is absent in prokaryotes, but evolutionary expansion of MSC constituents, primarily by addition of novel interacting domains, facilitates formation of subcomplexes that join to establish the holo-MSC. In some cases, environmental cues direct the release of constituents from the MSC which enables the execution of non-canonical, i.e., "moonlighting", functions distinct from their essential activities in protein translation. These activities are generally beneficial, but can also be deleterious to the cell. Elucidation of the non-canonical activities of several AARSs residing in the MSC suggest they are potential therapeutic targets for cancer, as well as metabolic and neurologic diseases. Here, we describe the role of MSC-resident AARSs in cancer progression, and the factors that regulate their release from the MSC. Also, we highlight recent developments in therapeutic modalities that target MSC AARSs for cancer prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishnendu Khan
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, United States of America.
| | - Valentin Gogonea
- Department of Chemistry, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH 44115, United States of America
| | - Paul L Fox
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, United States of America.
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8
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Wu S, Zheng L, Hei Z, Zhou JB, Li G, Li P, Wang J, Ali H, Zhou XL, Wang J, Fang P. Human lysyl-tRNA synthetase evolves a dynamic structure that can be stabilized by forming complex. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:128. [PMID: 35133502 PMCID: PMC11072160 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04158-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The evolutionary necessity of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases being associated into complex is unknown. Human lysyl-tRNA synthetase (LysRS) is one component of the multi-tRNA synthetase complex (MSC), which is not only critical for protein translation but also involved in multiple cellular pathways such as immune response, cell migration, etc. Here, combined with crystallography, CRISPR/Cas9-based genome editing, biochemistry, and cell biology analyses, we show that the structures of LysRSs from metazoan are more dynamic than those from single-celled organisms. Without the presence of MSC scaffold proteins, such as aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase complex-interacting multifunctional protein 2 (AIMP2), human LysRS is free from the MSC. The interaction with AIMP2 stabilizes the closed conformation of LysRS, thereby protects the essential aminoacylation activity under stressed conditions. Deleting AIMP2 from the human embryonic kidney 293 cells leads to retardation in cell growth in nutrient deficient mediums. Together, these results suggest that the evolutionary emergence of the MSC in metazoan might be to protect the aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase components from being modified or recruited for use in other cellular pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Li Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Sub-lane Xiangshan, Hangzhou, 310024, China
| | - Zhoufei Hei
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jing-Bo Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue Yang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Guang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue Yang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Peifeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jiayuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Hamid Ali
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Xiao-Long Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue Yang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Sub-lane Xiangshan, Hangzhou, 310024, China.
| | - Pengfei Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Sub-lane Xiangshan, Hangzhou, 310024, China.
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9
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Kim MH, Kang BS. Structure and Dynamics of the Human Multi-tRNA Synthetase Complex. Subcell Biochem 2022; 99:199-233. [PMID: 36151377 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-00793-4_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (ARSs) are essential enzymes that ligate amino acids to their cognate tRNAs during protein synthesis. A growing body of scientific evidence acknowledges that ubiquitously expressed ARSs act as crossover mediators of biological processes, such as immunity and metabolism, beyond translation. In particular, a cytoplasmic multi-tRNA synthetase complex (MSC), which consists of eight ARSs and three ARS-interacting multifunctional proteins in humans, is recognized to be a central player that controls the complexity of biological systems. Although the role of the MSC in biological processes including protein synthesis is still unclear, maintaining the structural integrity of MSC is essential for life. This chapter deals with current knowledge on the structural aspects of the human MSC and its protein components. The main focus is on the regulatory functions of MSC beyond its catalytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myung Hee Kim
- Infection and Immunity Research Laboratory, Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, South Korea.
| | - Beom Sik Kang
- School of Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea.
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10
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Knockdown of Golgi Stress-Responsive Caspase-2 Ameliorates HLD17-Associated AIMP2 Mutant-Mediated Inhibition of Oligodendroglial Cell Morphological Differentiation. Neurochem Res 2021; 47:2617-2631. [PMID: 34523057 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03451-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Hypomyelinating leukodystrophy 17 is an autosomal recessive disease affecting myelin-forming oligodendroglial cells in the central nervous system. The gene responsible for HLD17 encodes aminoacyl-tRNA synthase complex-interacting multifunctional protein 2, whose product proteins form a scaffold that supports aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases throughout the cell body. Here we show that the HLD17-associated nonsense mutation (Tyr35-to-Ter [Y35X]) of AIMP2 localizes AIMP2 proteins as aggregates into the Golgi bodies in mouse oligodendroglial FBD-102b cells. Wild type AIMP2 proteins, in contrast, are distributed throughout the cell body. Expression of the Y35X mutant proteins, but not the wild type proteins, in cells upregulates Golgi stress signaling involving caspase-2 activation. Cells expressing the wild type proteins exhibit differentiated phenotypes with web-like structures bearing many processes following the induction of differentiation, whereas cells expressing the Y35X mutant proteins fail to differentiate. Furthermore, CASP2 knockdown but not control knockdown reverses the phenotypes of cells expressing the mutant proteins. These results suggest that HLD17-associated AIMP2 mutant proteins are localized in the Golgi bodies where their proteins stimulate Golgi stress-responsive CASP2 to inhibit differentiation; this effect is ameliorated by knockdown of CASP2. These findings may reveal some of the molecular and cellular pathological mechanisms underlying HLD17 and possible approaches to ameliorating the disease's effects.
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11
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Wang F, Zhang D, Zhang D, Li P, Gao Y. Mitochondrial Protein Translation: Emerging Roles and Clinical Significance in Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:675465. [PMID: 34277617 PMCID: PMC8280776 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.675465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are one of the most important organelles in cells. Mitochondria are semi-autonomous organelles with their own genetic system, and can independently replicate, transcribe, and translate mitochondrial DNA. Translation initiation, elongation, termination, and recycling of the ribosome are four stages in the process of mitochondrial protein translation. In this process, mitochondrial protein translation factors and translation activators, mitochondrial RNA, and other regulatory factors regulate mitochondrial protein translation. Mitochondrial protein translation abnormalities are associated with a variety of diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and nervous system diseases. Mutation or deletion of various mitochondrial protein translation factors and translation activators leads to abnormal mitochondrial protein translation. Mitochondrial tRNAs and mitochondrial ribosomal proteins are essential players during translation and mutations in genes encoding them represent a large fraction of mitochondrial diseases. Moreover, there is crosstalk between mitochondrial protein translation and cytoplasmic translation, and the imbalance between mitochondrial protein translation and cytoplasmic translation can affect some physiological and pathological processes. This review summarizes the regulation of mitochondrial protein translation factors, mitochondrial ribosomal proteins, mitochondrial tRNAs, and mitochondrial aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (mt-aaRSs) in the mitochondrial protein translation process and its relationship with diseases. The regulation of mitochondrial protein translation and cytoplasmic translation in multiple diseases is also summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Wang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Deyu Zhang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Dejiu Zhang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Peifeng Li
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yanyan Gao
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, China
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12
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Cappuccio G, Ceccatelli Berti C, Baruffini E, Sullivan J, Shashi V, Jewett T, Stamper T, Maitz S, Canonico F, Revah-Politi A, Kupchik GS, Anyane-Yeboa K, Aggarwal V, Benneche A, Bratland E, Berland S, D'Arco F, Alves CA, Vanderver A, Longo D, Bertini E, Torella A, Nigro V, D'Amico A, van der Knaap MS, Goffrini P, Brunetti-Pierri N. Bi-allelic KARS1 pathogenic variants affecting functions of cytosolic and mitochondrial isoforms are associated with a progressive and multisystem disease. Hum Mutat 2021; 42:745-761. [PMID: 33942428 PMCID: PMC8251883 DOI: 10.1002/humu.24210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
KARS1 encodes a lysyl‐transfer RNA synthetase (LysRS) that links lysine to its cognate transfer RNA. Two different KARS1 isoforms exert functional effects in cytosol and mitochondria. Bi‐allelic pathogenic variants in KARS1 have been associated to sensorineural hearing and visual loss, neuropathy, seizures, and leukodystrophy. We report the clinical, biochemical, and neuroradiological features of nine individuals with KARS1‐related disorder carrying 12 different variants with nine of them being novel. The consequences of these variants on the cytosol and/or mitochondrial LysRS were functionally validated in yeast mutants. Most cases presented with severe neurological features including congenital and progressive microcephaly, seizures, developmental delay/intellectual disability, and cerebral atrophy. Oculo‐motor dysfunction and immuno‐hematological problems were present in six and three cases, respectively. A yeast growth defect of variable severity was detected for most variants on both cytosolic and mitochondrial isoforms. The detrimental effects of two variants on yeast growth were partially rescued by lysine supplementation. Congenital progressive microcephaly, oculo‐motor dysfunction, and immuno‐hematological problems are emerging phenotypes in KARS1‐related disorder. The data in yeast emphasize the role of both mitochondrial and cytosolic isoforms in the pathogenesis of KARS1‐related disorder and supports the therapeutic potential of lysine supplementation at least in a subset of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerarda Cappuccio
- Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University, Naples, Italy.,Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Camilla Ceccatelli Berti
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Enrico Baruffini
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Jennifer Sullivan
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Vandana Shashi
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Tamison Jewett
- Department of Pediatrics, Section on Medical Genetics, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Tara Stamper
- Department of Pediatrics, Section on Medical Genetics, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Silvia Maitz
- Clinical Pediatric Genetics Unit, Pediatrics Clinics, MBBM Foundation, Hospital San Gerardo, Monza, Italy
| | - Francesco Canonico
- Department of Neuroradiology, San Gerardo Hospital, ASST di Monza, Università degli Studi di Milano Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Anya Revah-Politi
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Gabriel S Kupchik
- Division of Medical Genetics, Maimonides Children's Hospital of Brooklyn at Maimonides Medical Center, Downstate Medical Center, State University of New York, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kwame Anyane-Yeboa
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute for Genomic Medicine Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Vimla Aggarwal
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Andreas Benneche
- Department of Medical Genetics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Eirik Bratland
- Department of Medical Genetics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Siren Berland
- Department of Medical Genetics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Felice D'Arco
- Department of Paediatric Neuroradiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Cesar A Alves
- Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Adeline Vanderver
- Division of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Daniela Longo
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Pediatric Hospital Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico Bertini
- Department of Neuroscience, Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Annalaura Torella
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy.,Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Nigro
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy.,Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Alessandra D'Amico
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Marjo S van der Knaap
- Department of Child Neurology, Amsterdam Leukodystrophy Center, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers and Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Functional Genomics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Paola Goffrini
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Nicola Brunetti-Pierri
- Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University, Naples, Italy.,Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
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13
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Mutation in KARS: A novel mechanism for severe anaphylaxis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2020; 147:1855-1864.e9. [PMID: 33385443 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.12.637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anaphylaxis is a severe allergic reaction that can be lethal if not treated adequately. The underlying molecular mechanisms responsible for the severity are mostly unknown. OBJECTIVE This study is based on a clinical case of a patient with extremely severe anaphylaxis to paper wasp venom. This patient has a mutation in the KARS gene, which encodes lysyl-tRNA synthetase (LysRS), a moonlight protein with a canonical function in protein synthesis and a noncanonical function in antigen dependent-FcεRI activation in mast cells. In this study, the objective was to characterize the mutation at the molecular level. METHODS Analysis of the KARS mutation was carried out using biochemical and functional approaches, cell transfection, Western blot, confocal microscopy, cell degranulation, prostaglandin D2 secretion, and proteases gene transcription. Structural analysis using molecular dynamics simulations and well-tempered metadynamics was also performed. RESULTS The mutation found, P542R (proline was replaced by arginine at aminoacid 542), affects the location of the protein as we show in biochemical and structural analyses. The mutation resembles active LysRS and causes a constitutive activation of the microphthalmia transcription factor, which is involved in critical mast cell functions such as synthesis of mediators and granule biogenesis. Moreover, the structural analysis provides insights into how LysRS works in mast cell activation. CONCLUSIONS A link between the aberrant LysRS-P542R function and mast cell-exacerbated activation with increase in proinflammatory mediator release after antigen-IgE-dependent response could be established.
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14
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Khan K, Baleanu-Gogonea C, Willard B, Gogonea V, Fox PL. 3-Dimensional architecture of the human multi-tRNA synthetase complex. Nucleic Acids Res 2020; 48:8740-8754. [PMID: 32644155 PMCID: PMC7470956 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkaa569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In mammalian cells, eight cytoplasmic aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (AARS), and three non-synthetase proteins, reside in a large multi-tRNA synthetase complex (MSC). AARSs have critical roles in interpretation of the genetic code during protein synthesis, and in non-canonical functions unrelated to translation. Nonetheless, the structure and function of the MSC remain unclear. Partial or complete crystal structures of all MSC constituents have been reported; however, the structure of the holo-MSC has not been resolved. We have taken advantage of cross-linking mass spectrometry (XL-MS) and molecular docking to interrogate the three-dimensional architecture of the MSC in human HEK293T cells. The XL-MS approach uniquely provides structural information on flexibly appended domains, characteristic of nearly all MSC constituents. Using the MS-cleavable cross-linker, disuccinimidyl sulfoxide, inter-protein cross-links spanning all MSC constituents were observed, including cross-links between eight protein pairs not previously known to interact. Intra-protein cross-links defined new structural relationships between domains in several constituents. Unexpectedly, an asymmetric AARS distribution was observed featuring a clustering of tRNA anti-codon binding domains on one MSC face. Possibly, the non-uniform localization improves efficiency of delivery of charged tRNA’s to an interacting ribosome during translation. In summary, we show a highly compact, 3D structural model of the human holo-MSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishnendu Khan
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | | | - Belinda Willard
- Lerner Research Institute Proteomics and Metabolomics Core, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Valentin Gogonea
- Department of Chemistry, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH 44115, USA
| | - Paul L Fox
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
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15
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Liu RJ, Long T, Li H, Zhao J, Li J, Wang M, Palencia A, Lin J, Cusack S, Wang ED. Molecular basis of the multifaceted functions of human leucyl-tRNA synthetase in protein synthesis and beyond. Nucleic Acids Res 2020; 48:4946-4959. [PMID: 32232361 PMCID: PMC7229842 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkaa189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Human cytosolic leucyl-tRNA synthetase (hcLRS) is an essential and multifunctional enzyme. Its canonical function is to catalyze the covalent ligation of leucine to tRNALeu, and it may also hydrolyze mischarged tRNAs through an editing mechanism. Together with eight other aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (AaRSs) and three auxiliary proteins, it forms a large multi-synthetase complex (MSC). Beyond its role in translation, hcLRS has an important moonlight function as a leucine sensor in the rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) pathway. Since this pathway is active in cancer development, hcLRS is a potential target for anti-tumor drug development. Moreover, LRS from pathogenic microbes are proven drug targets for developing antibiotics, which however should not inhibit hcLRS. Here we present the crystal structure of hcLRS at a 2.5 Å resolution, the first complete structure of a eukaryotic LRS, and analyze the binding of various compounds that target different sites of hcLRS. We also deduce the assembly mechanism of hcLRS into the MSC through reconstitution of the entire mega complex in vitro. Overall, our study provides the molecular basis for understanding both the multifaceted functions of hcLRS and for drug development targeting these functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru-Juan Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 100 Haike Road, Shanghai 201210, P.R. China
| | - Tao Long
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, P.R. China
| | - Hao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, P.R. China
| | - JingHua Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Jing Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 100 Haike Road, Shanghai 201210, P.R. China
| | - MingZhu Wang
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, P.R. China
| | - Andrés Palencia
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences (IAB), Structural Biology of Novel Drug Targets in Human Diseases, INSERM U1209, CNRS UMR 5309, University Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - JinZhong Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Stephen Cusack
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, CS 90181, 38042, Grenoble, Cedex 9, France
| | - En-Duo Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 100 Haike Road, Shanghai 201210, P.R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, P.R. China
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16
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Roles of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase-interacting multi-functional proteins in physiology and cancer. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:579. [PMID: 32709848 PMCID: PMC7382500 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-02794-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (ARSs) are an important class of enzymes with an evolutionarily conserved mechanism for protein synthesis. In higher eukaryotic systems, eight ARSs and three ARS-interacting multi-functional proteins (AIMPs) form a multi-tRNA synthetase complex (MSC), which seems to contribute to cellular homeostasis. Of these, AIMPs are generally considered as non-enzyme factors, playing a scaffolding role during MSC assembly. Although the functions of AIMPs are not fully understood, increasing evidence indicates that these scaffold proteins usually exert tumor-suppressive activities. In addition, endothelial monocyte-activating polypeptide II (EMAP II), as a cleavage product of AIMP1, and AIMP2-DX2, as a splice variant of AIMP2 lacking exon 2, also have a pivotal role in regulating tumorigenesis. In this review, we summarize the biological functions of AIMP1, EMAP II, AIMP2, AIMP2-DX2, and AIMP3. Also, we systematically introduce their emerging roles in cancer, aiming to provide new ideas for the treatment of cancer.
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17
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Kong J, Kim S. Cell-based analysis of pairwise interactions between the components of the multi-tRNA synthetase complex. FASEB J 2020; 34:10476-10488. [PMID: 32539228 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202000418r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Cytoplasmic aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (ARSs) are organized into multi-tRNA synthetase complexes (MSCs), from Archaea to mammals. An evolutionary conserved role of the MSCs is enhancement of aminoacylation by forming stable associations of the ARSs and tRNAs. In mammals, a single macromolecular MSC exists, which is composed of eight cytoplasmic ARSs, for nine amino acids, and three scaffold proteins. Consequently, nearly half of aminoacyl-tRNA efflux becomes concentrated at the MSC. Stable supply of aminoacyl-tRNA to the ribosome is, therefore, considered to be a major role of the mammalian MSC. Furthermore, the mammalian MSC also serves as a reservoir for releasable components with noncanonical functions. In this study, a split-luciferase complementation system was applied to investigate the configuration of the MSC in live mammalian cells. Multiplex interconnections between the components were simplified into binary protein-protein interactions, and pairwise comparison of the interactions reconstituted a framework consistent with previous in vitro studies. Reversibility of the split-luciferase reporter binding demonstrated convertible organization of the mammalian MSC, including interferon gamma (IFNγ)-stimulated glutamyl-prolyl-tRNA synthetase 1 (EPRS1) release, as well as the cooperation with the ribosome bridged by the tRNAs. The cell-based analysis provided an improved understanding of the flexible framework of the mammalian MSC in physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwon Kong
- Medicinal Bioconvergence Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Sunghoon Kim
- Medicinal Bioconvergence Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
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