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Ma J, Wu Y, Cen L, Wang Z, Jiang K, Lian B, Sun C. Cold-inducible lncRNA266 promotes browning and the thermogenic program in white adipose tissue. EMBO Rep 2023; 24:e55467. [PMID: 37824433 PMCID: PMC10702832 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202255467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Cold-induced nonshivering thermogenesis has contributed to the improvement of several metabolic syndromes caused by obesity. Several long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been shown to play a role in brown fat biogenesis and thermogenesis. Here we show that the lncRNA lnc266 is induced by cold exposure in inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT). In vitro functional studies reveal that lnc266 promotes brown adipocyte differentiation and thermogenic gene expression. At room temperature, lnc266 has no effects on white fat browning and systemic energy consumption. However, in a cold environment, lnc266 promotes white fat browning and thermogenic gene expression in obese mice. Moreover, lnc266 increases core body temperature and reduces body weight gain. Mechanistically, lnc266 does not directly regulate Ucp1 expression. Instead, lnc266 sponges miR-16-1-3p and thus abolishes the repression of miR-16-1-3p on Ucp1 expression. As a result, lnc266 promotes preadipocyte differentiation toward brown-like adipocytes and stimulates thermogenic gene expression. Overall, lnc266 is a cold-inducible lncRNA in iWAT, with a key role in white fat browning and the thermogenic program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyu Ma
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, NMPA Key Laboratory of Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, School of MedicineNantong UniversityNantongChina
| | - Yuting Wu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, NMPA Key Laboratory of Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, School of MedicineNantong UniversityNantongChina
| | - Lixue Cen
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, NMPA Key Laboratory of Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, School of MedicineNantong UniversityNantongChina
| | - Zhe Wang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, NMPA Key Laboratory of Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, School of MedicineNantong UniversityNantongChina
| | - Ketao Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, NMPA Key Laboratory of Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, School of MedicineNantong UniversityNantongChina
| | - Bolin Lian
- School of Life SciencesNantong UniversityNantongChina
| | - Cheng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, NMPA Key Laboratory of Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, School of MedicineNantong UniversityNantongChina
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Sahito JZA, Deng S, Qin L, Xiao L, Zhang D, Huang B. CeRNA Network Reveals the Circular RNA Characterization in Goat Ear Fibroblasts Reprogramming into Mammary Epithelial Cells. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1831. [PMID: 37895180 PMCID: PMC10606430 DOI: 10.3390/genes14101831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a type of non-coding RNA that play a crucial role in the development and lactation of mammary glands in mammals. A total of 107 differentially expressed circRNAs (DE circRNAs) were found, of which 52 were up-regulated and 55 were down-regulated. We also found that DE circRNA host genes were mainly involved in GO terms related to the development process of mammary epithelial cells and KEGG pathways were mostly related to mammary epithelial cells, lactation, and gland development. Protein network analysis found that DE circRNAs can competitively bind to miRNAs as key circRNAs by constructing a circRNA-miRNA-mRNA network. CircRNAs competitively bind to miRNAs (miR-10b-3p, miR-671-5p, chi-miR-200c, chi-miR-378-3p, and chi-miR-30e-5p) involved in goat mammary gland development, mammary epithelial cells, and lactation, affecting the expression of core genes (CDH2, MAPK1, ITGB1, CAMSAP2, and MAPKAPK5). Here, we generated CiMECs and systematically explored the differences in the transcription profile for the first time using whole-transcriptome sequencing. We also analyzed the interaction among mRNA, miRNA, and cirRNA and predicted that circRNA plays an important role in the maintenance of mammary epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jam Zaheer Ahmed Sahito
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (J.Z.A.S.); (S.D.); (L.Q.); (L.X.); (D.Z.)
| | - Shan Deng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (J.Z.A.S.); (S.D.); (L.Q.); (L.X.); (D.Z.)
| | - Liangshan Qin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (J.Z.A.S.); (S.D.); (L.Q.); (L.X.); (D.Z.)
| | - Lianggui Xiao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (J.Z.A.S.); (S.D.); (L.Q.); (L.X.); (D.Z.)
| | - Dandan Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (J.Z.A.S.); (S.D.); (L.Q.); (L.X.); (D.Z.)
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Eye Health, The People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Ben Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (J.Z.A.S.); (S.D.); (L.Q.); (L.X.); (D.Z.)
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Eye Health, The People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanning, 530021, China
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Liang Y, Wang J, Li X, Wu S, Jiang C, Wang Y, Li X, Liu ZH, Mu Y. Exploring differentially expressed genes related to metabolism by RNA-Seq in porcine embryonic fibroblast after insulin treatment. J Vet Sci 2022; 23:e90. [PMID: 36448436 PMCID: PMC9715385 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.22088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insulin regulates glucose homeostasis and has important effects on metabolism, cell growth, and differentiation. Depending on the cell type and physiological context, insulin signal has specific pathways and biological outcomes in different tissues and cells. For studying the signal pathway of insulin on glycolipid metabolism in porcine embryonic fibroblast (PEF), we used high-throughput sequencing to monitor gene expression patterns regulated by insulin. OBJECTIVES The goal of our research was to see how insulin affected glucose and lipid metabolism in PEFs. METHODS We cultured the PEFs with the addition of insulin and sampled them at 0, 48, and 72 h for RNA-Seq analysis in triplicate for each time point. RESULTS At 48 and 72 h, 801 and 1,176 genes were differentially expressed, respectively. Of these, 272 up-regulated genes and 264 down-regulated genes were common to both time points. Gene Ontology analysis was used to annotate the functions of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs), the biological processes related to lipid metabolism and cell cycle were dominant. And the DEGs were significantly enriched in interleukin-17 signaling pathway, phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase-protein kinase B signaling pathway, pyruvate metabolism, and others pathways related to lipid metabolism by Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis. CONCLUSIONS These results elucidate the transcriptomic response to insulin in PEF. The genes and pathways involved in the transcriptome mechanisms provide useful information for further research into the complicated molecular processes of insulin in PEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjuan Liang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Cellular and Genetic Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150000, China
| | - Jinpeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Cellular and Genetic Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150000, China
| | - Xinyu Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Cellular and Genetic Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150000, China
| | - Shuang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Cellular and Genetic Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150000, China
| | - Chaoqian Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Cellular and Genetic Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150000, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Cellular and Genetic Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150000, China
| | - Xuechun Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Cellular and Genetic Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150000, China
| | - Zhong-Hua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Cellular and Genetic Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150000, China
| | - Yanshuang Mu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Cellular and Genetic Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150000, China
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Lin X, Zhong L, Wang N, Chu X, Liu B. Hsa_circ_0103232 promotes melanoma cells proliferation and invasion via targeting miR-661/RAB3D. Cell Cycle 2022; 21:1811-1826. [PMID: 35549813 PMCID: PMC9359370 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2022.2072636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Little is known about the role of hsa_circ_0103232 in melanoma. This study researched the role of hsa_circ_0103232 in melanoma progression. Hsa_circ_0103232 expression in clinical tissues of melanoma patients and melanoma cells was detected by qRT-PCR. Hsa_circ_0103232 localization in melanoma cells was visualized by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Hsa_circ_0103232 effect on melanoma cells viability, proliferation, migration, and invasion was explored by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, Edu experiment, wound healing assay, and Transwell experiment. RNA pull-down assay and dual-luciferase reporter gene assay were performed to verify the binding of hsa_circ_0103232 with miR-661, and the binding of miR-661 and RAB3D. Xenograft tumor models were constructed. Western blot and immunohistochemistry were used for protein expression detection. Hsa_circ_0103232 expression was increased in melanoma patients, indicating lower overall survival. Hsa_circ_0103232 was mainly expressed in the cytoplasm of melanoma cells. Silencing hsa_circ_0103232 suppressed melanoma cell viability, proliferation, migration, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) (P < 0.01). Hsa_circ_0103232 functioned as a sponge of miR-661 to increase RAB3D expression. miR-661 overexpression partially reversed hsa_circ_0103232 promoting effect on melanoma cells viability, proliferation, migration, invasion, and EMT (P < 0.01). In melanoma patients, hsa_circ_0103232 expression was negatively correlated with miR-661 and positively correlated with RAB3D. Silencing hsa_circ_0103232 suppressed melanoma cell growth in vivo and Ki67 and RAB3D expression in xenograft tumors (P < 0.01). Hsa_circ_0103232 is a tumor promoter in melanoma to enhance malignant phenotype and growth in vivo via sponging miR-661/RAB3D. Hsa_circ_0103232 may be a novel target for melanoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Lin
- Central Laboratory of Yong-Chuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Biological Immunotherapy, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Liang Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Nian Wang
- Central Laboratory of Yong-Chuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuan Chu
- Central Laboratory of Yong-Chuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Beizhong Liu
- Central Laboratory of Yong-Chuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Hunkler HJ, Groß S, Thum T, Bär C. Non-coding RNAs: key regulators of reprogramming, pluripotency, and cardiac cell specification with therapeutic perspective for heart regeneration. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 118:3071-3084. [PMID: 34718448 PMCID: PMC9732524 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvab335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Myocardial infarction causes a massive loss of cardiomyocytes (CMs), which can lead to heart failure accompanied by fibrosis, stiffening of the heart, and loss of function. Heart failure causes high mortality rates and is a huge socioeconomic burden, which, based on diets and lifestyle in the developed world, is expected to increase further in the next years. At present, the only curative treatment for heart failure is heart transplantation associated with a number of limitations such as donor organ availability and transplant rejection among others. Thus, the development of cellular reprogramming and defined differentiation protocols provide exciting new possibilities for cell therapy approaches and which opened up a new era in regenerative medicine. Consequently, tremendous research efforts were undertaken to gain a detailed molecular understanding of the reprogramming processes and the in vitro differentiation of pluripotent stem cells into functional CMs for transplantation into the patient's injured heart. In the last decade, non-coding RNAs, particularly microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs, and circular RNAs emerged as critical regulators of gene expression that were shown to fine-tune cellular processes both on the transcriptional and the post-transcriptional level. Unsurprisingly, also cellular reprogramming, pluripotency, and cardiac differentiation and maturation are regulated by non-coding RNAs. In here, we review the current knowledge on non-coding RNAs in these processes and highlight how their modulation may enhance the quality and quantity of stem cells and their derivatives for safe and efficient clinical application in patients with heart failure. In addition, we summarize the clinical cell therapy efforts undertaken thus far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah J Hunkler
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Sonja Groß
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas Thum
- Corresponding authors. Tel: +49 511 532 5272; fax: +49 511 532 5274, E-mail: (T.T.); Tel: +49 511 532 2883; fax: +49 511 532 5274, E-mail: (C.B.)
| | - Christian Bär
- Corresponding authors. Tel: +49 511 532 5272; fax: +49 511 532 5274, E-mail: (T.T.); Tel: +49 511 532 2883; fax: +49 511 532 5274, E-mail: (C.B.)
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Nersisyan S, Galatenko A, Chekova M, Tonevitsky A. Hypoxia-Induced miR-148a Downregulation Contributes to Poor Survival in Colorectal Cancer. Front Genet 2021; 12:662468. [PMID: 34135940 PMCID: PMC8202010 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.662468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is an extensively investigated condition due to its contribution to various pathophysiological processes including cancer progression and metastasis formation. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are well-known post-transcriptional gene expression regulators. However, their contribution to molecular response to hypoxia is highly dependent on cell/tissue types and causes of hypoxia. One of the most important examples is colorectal cancer, where no consensus on hypoxia-regulated miRNAs has been reached so far. In this work, we applied integrated mRNA and small RNA sequencing, followed by bioinformatics analysis, to study the landscape of hypoxia-induced miRNA and mRNA expression alterations in human colorectal cancer cell lines (HT-29 and Caco-2). A hypoxic microenvironment was chemically modeled using two different treatments: cobalt(II) chloride and oxyquinoline. Only one miRNA, hsa-miR-210-3p, was upregulated in all experimental conditions, while there were nine differentially expressed miRNAs under both treatments within the same cell line. Further bioinformatics analysis revealed a complex hypoxia-induced regulatory network: hypoxic downregulation of hsa-miR-148a-3p led to the upregulation of its two target genes, ITGA5 and PRNP, which was shown to be a factor contributing to tumor progression and poor survival in colorectal cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stepan Nersisyan
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, HSE University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexei Galatenko
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, HSE University, Moscow, Russia.,Faculty of Mechanics and Mathematics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Milena Chekova
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, HSE University, Moscow, Russia
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Hu Y, Zhang Y, Ding M, Xu R. LncRNA LINC00511 Acts as an Oncogene in Colorectal Cancer via Sponging miR-29c-3p to Upregulate NFIA. Onco Targets Ther 2021; 13:13413-13424. [PMID: 33536761 PMCID: PMC7847767 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s250377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Colorectal cancer (CRC), characterized by high mortality and incidence rate, is one of the most common types of rectum tumors in the gastrointestinal tract worldwide. An increasing number of investigations indicated that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been implicated in the growth of a wide range of cancers. Although it has obtained general acceptance that lncRNA LINC00511 plays a significant role in numerous cancers, the regulatory mechanism of LINC00511 in CRC still needs to be explored. Materials and Methods Bioinformatics analysis and a wide range of experiments of sphere formation assay, cell proliferation assay, RT-qPCR, colony formation assay, Transwell assay and Western blot assays investigated the function and mechanism of LINC00511 in CRC tissues and cells. Results Our results manifested that the expression level of LINC00511 was obviously upregulated in CRC tissues and cells and it accelerated CRC development through facilitating cell proliferation, metastasis and stemness. Molecular mechanism exploration uncovered that LINC00511 acted as a ceRNA competing with NFIA to bind with miR-29c-3p. Through rescue experiments, we discovered that NFIA upregulation partly counteracted the inhibitive effect induced by LINC00511 silencing on CRC progression. Conclusion These results revealed that LINC00511 participated in the progression of CRC by targeting the LINC00511/miR-29c-3p/NFIA axis, indicating that LINC00511 may be a potential therapeutic target for CRC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Hu
- Department of Pathology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Endoscopy Center, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Ding
- Department of Endoscopy Center, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruisi Xu
- Department of Endoscopy Center, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, Jilin, People's Republic of China
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Zhou J, Qiu C, Fan Z, Liu T, Liu T. Circular RNAs in stem cell differentiation: a sponge-like role for miRNAs. Int J Med Sci 2021; 18:2438-2448. [PMID: 33967622 PMCID: PMC8100645 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.56457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are novel endogenous non-coding RNAs that play a critical role during cellular signal transduction, gene transcription and translation. With the rapid advancement of bioinformatics analysis tools and high-throughput RNA sequencing, numerous circRNAs with important biological features have been identified. They function as competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) of microRNAs and as such exhibit the potential to act as biomarkers for stem cell differentiation. In the recent past, several studies have shown the involvement of circRNAs in stem cells differentiation. The present review summarizes the molecular characteristics, biogenesis and mechanisms of newly identified circRNAs in the differentiation of stem cells. In conclusion, circRNAs regulate the stem cells differentiation via their ambient binding efficacy to modulate miRNA expression, as well as related gene translation. We believe that this review will provide reference guidance for future studies on stem cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Qiu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, P. R. China.,Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, P. R. China
| | - Zhihua Fan
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, P. R. China.,Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, P. R. China
| | - Tianyi Liu
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, P. R. China
| | - Tang Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, P. R. China
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Ala U. Competing Endogenous RNAs, Non-Coding RNAs and Diseases: An Intertwined Story. Cells 2020; 9:E1574. [PMID: 32605220 PMCID: PMC7407898 DOI: 10.3390/cells9071574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a class of small non-coding RNA molecules, are responsible for RNA silencing and post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. They can mediate a fine-tuned crosstalk among coding and non-coding RNA molecules sharing miRNA response elements (MREs). In a suitable environment, both coding and non-coding RNA molecules can be targeted by the same miRNAs and can indirectly regulate each other by competing for them. These RNAs, otherwise known as competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs), lead to an additional post-transcriptional regulatory layer, where non-coding RNAs can find new significance. The miRNA-mediated interplay among different types of RNA molecules has been observed in many different contexts. The analyses of ceRNA networks in cancer and other pathologies, as well as in other physiological conditions, provide new opportunities for interpreting omics data for the field of personalized medicine. The development of novel computational tools, providing putative predictions of ceRNA interactions, is a rapidly growing field of interest. In this review, I discuss and present the current knowledge of the ceRNA mechanism and its implications in a broad spectrum of different pathologies, such as cardiovascular or autoimmune diseases, cancers and neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ugo Ala
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy
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