1
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Wu B, Liu S. Structural Insights into the Mechanisms Underlying Polyaminopathies. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6340. [PMID: 38928047 PMCID: PMC11203672 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2024] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Polyamines are ubiquitous in almost all biological entities and involved in various crucial physiological processes. They are also closely associated with the onset and progression of many diseases. Polyaminopathies are a group of rare genetic disorders caused by alterations in the function of proteins within the polyamine metabolism network. Although the identified polyaminopathies are all rare diseases at present, they are genetically heritable, rendering high risks not only to the carriers but also to their descendants. Meanwhile, more polyaminopathic patients might be discovered with the increasing accessibility of gene sequencing. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the structural variations of mutated proteins in current polyaminopathies, in addition to their causative genes, types of mutations, clinical symptoms, and therapeutic approaches. We focus on analyzing how alterations in protein structure lead to protein dysfunction, thereby facilitating the onset of diseases. We hope this review will offer valuable insights and references for the future clinical diagnosis and precision treatment of polyaminopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Wu
- Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Wuhan 430068, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, National “111” Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Sen Liu
- Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Wuhan 430068, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, National “111” Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
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2
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Leung M, Sanchez-Castillo M, Belnap N, Naymik M, Bonfitto A, Sloan J, Hassett K, Jepsen WM, Sankaramoorthy A, Stewart TM, Foley JR, Rangasamy S, Huentelman MJ, Narayanan V, Ramsey K. Snyder-Robinson syndrome presenting with learning disability, epilepsy, and osteoporosis: a novel SMS gene variant. RARE : OPEN RESEARCH IN RARE DISEASES 2023; 2:100017. [PMID: 38770537 PMCID: PMC11105150 DOI: 10.1016/j.rare.2023.100017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Snyder-Robinson syndrome (SRS) is a rare X-linked recessive disorder characterized by a collection of clinical features including mild to severe intellectual disability, hypertonia, marfanoid habitus, facial asymmetry, osteoporosis, developmental delay and seizures. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) identified a mutation in the spermine synthase (SMS) gene (c.746 A>G, p.Tyr249Cys) in a male with kyphosis, seizures, and osteoporosis. His phenotype is unique in that he does not have intellectual disability (ID) but does have a mild learning disability. This case demonstrates a milder presentation of SRS and expands the phenotype beyond the reported literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megumi Leung
- Center for Rare Childhood Disorders, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, United States
- Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Meredith Sanchez-Castillo
- Center for Rare Childhood Disorders, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, United States
- Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Newell Belnap
- Center for Rare Childhood Disorders, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, United States
- Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Marcus Naymik
- Center for Rare Childhood Disorders, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, United States
- Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Anna Bonfitto
- Center for Rare Childhood Disorders, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, United States
- Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Jennifer Sloan
- Center for Rare Childhood Disorders, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, United States
- Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Katie Hassett
- Center for Rare Childhood Disorders, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, United States
- Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Wayne M Jepsen
- Center for Rare Childhood Disorders, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, United States
- Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Aravind Sankaramoorthy
- Center for Rare Childhood Disorders, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, United States
- Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Tracy Murray Stewart
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Jackson R Foley
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Sampathkumar Rangasamy
- Center for Rare Childhood Disorders, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, United States
- Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Matthew J Huentelman
- Center for Rare Childhood Disorders, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, United States
- Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Vinodh Narayanan
- Center for Rare Childhood Disorders, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, United States
- Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Keri Ramsey
- Center for Rare Childhood Disorders, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, United States
- Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, United States
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3
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Stewart TM, Foley JR, Holbert CE, Khomutov M, Rastkari N, Tao X, Khomutov AR, Zhai RG, Casero RA. Difluoromethylornithine rebalances aberrant polyamine ratios in Snyder-Robinson syndrome. EMBO Mol Med 2023; 15:e17833. [PMID: 37702369 PMCID: PMC10630878 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202317833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Snyder-Robinson syndrome (SRS) results from mutations in spermine synthase (SMS), which converts the polyamine spermidine into spermine. Affecting primarily males, common manifestations of SRS include intellectual disability, osteoporosis, hypotonia, and seizures. Symptom management is the only treatment. Reduced SMS activity causes spermidine accumulation while spermine levels are reduced. The resulting exaggerated spermidine:spermine ratio is a biochemical hallmark of SRS that tends to correlate with symptom severity. Our studies aim to pharmacologically manipulate polyamine metabolism to correct this imbalance as a therapeutic strategy for SRS. Here we report the repurposing of 2-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), an FDA-approved inhibitor of polyamine biosynthesis, in rebalancing spermidine:spermine ratios in SRS patient cells. Mechanistic in vitro studies demonstrate that, while reducing spermidine biosynthesis, DFMO also stimulates the conversion of spermidine into spermine in hypomorphic SMS cells and induces uptake of exogenous spermine, altogether reducing the aberrant ratios. In a Drosophila SRS model characterized by reduced lifespan, DFMO improves longevity. As nearly all SRS patient mutations are hypomorphic, these studies form a strong foundation for translational studies with significant therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy Murray Stewart
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer CenterJohns Hopkins School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Jackson R Foley
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer CenterJohns Hopkins School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Cassandra E Holbert
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer CenterJohns Hopkins School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Maxim Khomutov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular BiologyRussian Academy of SciencesMoscowRussia
| | - Noushin Rastkari
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer CenterJohns Hopkins School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Xianzun Tao
- Department of Molecular and Cellular PharmacologyUniversity of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFLUSA
| | - Alex R Khomutov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular BiologyRussian Academy of SciencesMoscowRussia
| | - R Grace Zhai
- Department of Molecular and Cellular PharmacologyUniversity of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFLUSA
| | - Robert A Casero
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer CenterJohns Hopkins School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA
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Khomutov MA, Salikhov AI, Mitkevich VA, Tunitskaya VL, Smirnova OA, Korolev SP, Chizhov AO, Gottikh MB, Kochetkov SN, Khomutov AR. C-Methylated Spermidine Derivatives: Convenient Syntheses and Antizyme-Related Effects. Biomolecules 2023; 13:916. [PMID: 37371496 DOI: 10.3390/biom13060916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The biogenic polyamines, spermidine (Spd) and spermine (Spm), are present at millimolar concentrations in all eukaryotic cells, where they participate in the regulation of vitally important cellular functions. Polyamine analogs and derivatives are a traditional and important instrument for the investigation of the cellular functions of polyamines, enzymes of their metabolism, and the regulation of the biosynthesis of antizyme-a key downregulator of polyamine homeostasis. Here, we describe convenient gram-scale syntheses of a set of C-methylated analogs of Spd. The biochemical properties of these compounds and the possibility for the regulation of their activity by moving a methyl group along the polyamine backbone and by changing the stereochemistry of the chiral center(s) are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxim A Khomutov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Street 32, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Arthur I Salikhov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Street 32, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Vladimir A Mitkevich
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Street 32, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Vera L Tunitskaya
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Street 32, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Olga A Smirnova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Street 32, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Sergey P Korolev
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Alexander O Chizhov
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii Prosp. 47, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Marina B Gottikh
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Sergey N Kochetkov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Street 32, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Alex R Khomutov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Street 32, Moscow 119991, Russia
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5
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Stewart TRM, Foley JR, Holbert CE, Khomutov MA, Rastkari N, Tao X, Khomutov AR, Zhai RG, Casero RA. Difluoromethylornithine rebalances aberrant polyamine ratios in Snyder-Robinson syndrome: mechanism of action and therapeutic potential. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.30.534977. [PMID: 37034775 PMCID: PMC10081208 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.30.534977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Snyder-Robinson Syndrome (SRS) is caused by mutations in the spermine synthase (SMS) gene, the enzyme product of which converts the polyamine spermidine into spermine. Affecting primarily males, common manifestations of SRS include intellectual disability, osteoporosis, hypotonic musculature, and seizures, along with other more variable symptoms. Currently, medical management focuses on treating these symptoms without addressing the underlying molecular cause of the disease. Reduced SMS catalytic activity in cells of SRS patients causes the accumulation of spermidine, while spermine levels are reduced. The resulting exaggeration in spermidine-to-spermine ratio is a biochemical hallmark of SRS that tends to correlate with symptom severity in the patient. Our studies aim to pharmacologically manipulate polyamine metabolism to correct this polyamine imbalance and investigate the potential of this approach as a therapeutic strategy for affected individuals. Here we report the use of difluoromethylornithine (DFMO; eflornithine), an FDA-approved inhibitor of polyamine biosynthesis, in re-establishing normal spermidine-to-spermine ratios in SRS patient cells. Through mechanistic studies, we demonstrate that, while reducing spermidine biosynthesis, DFMO also stimulates the conversion of existing spermidine into spermine in cell lines with hypomorphic variants of SMS. Further, DFMO treatment induces a compensatory uptake of exogenous polyamines, including spermine and spermine mimetics, cooperatively reducing spermidine and increasing spermine levels. In a Drosophila SRS model characterized by reduced lifespan, adding DFMO to the feed extended lifespan. As nearly all known SRS patient mutations are hypomorphic, these studies form a foundation for future translational studies with significant therapeutic potential.
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Michael J, VanSickle E, Vipond M, Dalman A, Prokop J, Schwartz CE, Rajasekaran S, Bachmann AS, Barth M, Prouteau C, Almagor Y, Berkun L, Alterescu G, Bupp CP. Two New Cases of Bachmann-Bupp Syndrome Identified through the International Center for Polyamine Disorders. Med Sci (Basel) 2023; 11:29. [PMID: 37092498 PMCID: PMC10123676 DOI: 10.3390/medsci11020029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent identification of four additional polyaminopathies, including Bachmann-Bupp syndrome, have benefited from previous research on Snyder-Robinson syndrome in order to advance from research to treatment more quickly. As a result of the discovery of these conditions, the potential for treatment within this pathway, and for other possible unidentified polyaminopathies, the International Center for Polyamine Disorders (ICPD) was created to help promote understanding of these conditions, research opportunities, and appropriate care for families. This case study provides insights from two new patients diagnosed with Bachmann-Bupp syndrome, further expanding our understanding of this ultra-rare condition, as well as a general discussion about other known polyaminopathies. This work also presents considerations for collaborative research efforts across these conditions, along with others that are likely to be identified in time, and outlines the role that the ICPD hopes to fill as more patients with these polyaminopathies continue to be identified and diagnosed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julianne Michael
- Corewell Health and Helen DeVos Children’s Hospital, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
- International Center for Polyamine Disorders, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Elizabeth VanSickle
- Corewell Health and Helen DeVos Children’s Hospital, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
- International Center for Polyamine Disorders, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Marlie Vipond
- Corewell Health and Helen DeVos Children’s Hospital, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
- International Center for Polyamine Disorders, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Abby Dalman
- Corewell Health and Helen DeVos Children’s Hospital, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Jeremy Prokop
- Corewell Health and Helen DeVos Children’s Hospital, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Charles E. Schwartz
- International Center for Polyamine Disorders, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Surender Rajasekaran
- Corewell Health and Helen DeVos Children’s Hospital, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
- International Center for Polyamine Disorders, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - André S. Bachmann
- International Center for Polyamine Disorders, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Magalie Barth
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Angers University Hospital Center, 49100 Angers, France
| | - Clément Prouteau
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Angers University Hospital Center, 49100 Angers, France
| | | | - Lina Berkun
- Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Medical Genetics Institute, Jerusalem 9103102, Israel
| | - Gheona Alterescu
- Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Medical Genetics Institute, Jerusalem 9103102, Israel
| | - Caleb P. Bupp
- Corewell Health and Helen DeVos Children’s Hospital, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
- International Center for Polyamine Disorders, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
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7
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Hofer SJ, Simon AK, Bergmann M, Eisenberg T, Kroemer G, Madeo F. Mechanisms of spermidine-induced autophagy and geroprotection. NATURE AGING 2022; 2:1112-1129. [PMID: 37118547 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-022-00322-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Aging involves the systemic deterioration of all known cell types in most eukaryotes. Several recently discovered compounds that extend the healthspan and lifespan of model organisms decelerate pathways that govern the aging process. Among these geroprotectors, spermidine, a natural polyamine ubiquitously found in organisms from all kingdoms, prolongs the lifespan of fungi, nematodes, insects and rodents. In mice, it also postpones the manifestation of various age-associated disorders such as cardiovascular disease and neurodegeneration. The specific features of spermidine, including its presence in common food items, make it an interesting candidate for translational aging research. Here, we review novel insights into the geroprotective mode of action of spermidine at the molecular level, as we discuss strategies for elucidating its clinical potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian J Hofer
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Field of Excellence BioHealth, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed Graz, Graz, Austria
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Anna Katharina Simon
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Max Delbrück Center, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martina Bergmann
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Tobias Eisenberg
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Field of Excellence BioHealth, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France.
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.
- Institut du Cancer Paris CARPEM, Department of Biology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France.
| | - Frank Madeo
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
- Field of Excellence BioHealth, University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
- BioTechMed Graz, Graz, Austria.
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8
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Tao X, Zhu Y, Diaz-Perez Z, Yu SH, Foley JR, Stewart TM, Casero RA, Steet R, Zhai RG. Phenylbutyrate modulates polyamine acetylase and ameliorates Snyder-Robinson syndrome in a Drosophila model and patient cells. JCI Insight 2022; 7:e158457. [PMID: 35801587 PMCID: PMC9310527 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.158457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyamine dysregulation plays key roles in a broad range of human diseases from cancer to neurodegeneration. Snyder-Robinson syndrome (SRS) is the first known genetic disorder of the polyamine pathway, caused by X-linked recessive loss-of-function mutations in spermine synthase. In the Drosophila SRS model, altered spermidine/spermine balance has been associated with increased generation of ROS and aldehydes, consistent with elevated spermidine catabolism. These toxic byproducts cause mitochondrial and lysosomal dysfunction, which are also observed in cells from SRS patients. No efficient therapy is available. We explored the biochemical mechanism and discovered acetyl-CoA reduction and altered protein acetylation as potentially novel pathomechanisms of SRS. We repurposed the FDA-approved drug phenylbutyrate (PBA) to treat SRS using an in vivo Drosophila model and patient fibroblast cell models. PBA treatment significantly restored the function of mitochondria and autolysosomes and extended life span in vivo in the Drosophila SRS model. Treating fibroblasts of patients with SRS with PBA ameliorated autolysosome dysfunction. We further explored the mechanism of drug action and found that PBA downregulates the first and rate-limiting spermidine catabolic enzyme spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase 1 (SAT1), reduces the production of toxic metabolites, and inhibits the reduction of the substrate acetyl-CoA. Taken together, we revealed PBA as a potential modulator of SAT1 and acetyl-CoA levels and propose PBA as a therapy for SRS and potentially other polyamine dysregulation-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianzun Tao
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Yi Zhu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Zoraida Diaz-Perez
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Seok-Ho Yu
- JC Self Research Institute, Greenwood Genetic Center, Greenwood, South Carolina, USA
| | - Jackson R. Foley
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Tracy Murray Stewart
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Robert A. Casero
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Richard Steet
- JC Self Research Institute, Greenwood Genetic Center, Greenwood, South Carolina, USA
| | - R. Grace Zhai
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
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9
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Tantak MP, Sekhar V, Tao X, Zhai RG, Phanstiel O. Development of a Redox-Sensitive Spermine Prodrug for the Potential Treatment of Snyder Robinson Syndrome. J Med Chem 2021; 64:15593-15607. [PMID: 34695351 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Snyder Robinson Syndrome (SRS) is a rare disease associated with a defective spermine synthase gene and low intracellular spermine levels. In this study, a spermine replacement therapy was developed using a spermine prodrug that enters cells via the polyamine transport system. The prodrug was comprised of three components: a redox-sensitive quinone "trigger", a "trimethyl lock (TML)" aryl "release mechanism", and spermine. The presence of spermine in the design facilitated uptake by the polyamine transport system. The quinone-TML motifs provided a redox-sensitive agent, which upon intracellular reduction generated a hydroquinone, which underwent intramolecular cyclization to release free spermine and a lactone byproduct. Rewardingly, most SRS fibroblasts treated with the prodrug revealed a significant increase in intracellular spermine. Administering the spermine prodrug through feeding in a Drosophila model of SRS showed significant beneficial effects. In summary, a spermine prodrug is developed and provides a lead compound for future spermine replacement therapy experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukund P Tantak
- Department of Medical Education, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, 12722 Research Parkway, Orlando, Florida 32826-3227, United States
| | - Vandana Sekhar
- Department of Medical Education, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, 12722 Research Parkway, Orlando, Florida 32826-3227, United States
| | - Xianzun Tao
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1600 NW 10th Ave, Miami, Florida 33136, United States
| | - R Grace Zhai
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1600 NW 10th Ave, Miami, Florida 33136, United States
| | - Otto Phanstiel
- Department of Medical Education, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, 12722 Research Parkway, Orlando, Florida 32826-3227, United States
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10
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Khomutov MA, Hyvönen MT, Salikhov AI, Chizhov AO, Ryzhov IM, Kochetkov SN, Vepsäläinen J, Keinänen TA, Khomutov AR. Synthesis of (3R,10R)- and (3S,10S)-Diastereomers of 3,10-Dimethylspermine. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162020060126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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