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Seddon AR, Damiano OM, Hampton MB, Stevens AJ. Widespread genomic de novo DNA methylation occurs following CD8 + T cell activation and proliferation. Epigenetics 2024; 19:2367385. [PMID: 38899429 PMCID: PMC11195465 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2024.2367385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
This research investigates the intricate dynamics of DNA methylation in the hours following CD8+ T cell activation, during a critical yet understudied temporal window. DNA methylation is an epigenetic modification central to regulation of gene expression and directing immune responses. Our investigation spanned 96-h post-activation and unveils a nuanced tapestry of global and site-specific methylation changes. We identified 15,626 significant differentially methylated CpGs spread across the genome, with the most significant changes occurring within the genes ADAM10, ICA1, and LAPTM5. While many changes had modest effect sizes, approximately 120 CpGs exhibited a log2FC above 1.5, with cell activation and proliferation pathways the most affected. Relatively few of the differentially methylated CpGs occurred along adjacent gene regions. The exceptions were seven differentially methylated gene regions, with the Human T cell Receptor Alpha Joining Genes demonstrating consistent methylation change over a 3kb window. We also investigated whether an inflammatory environment could alter DNA methylation during activation, with proliferating cells exposed to the oxidant glycine chloramine. No substantial differential methylation was observed in this context. The temporal perspective of early activation adds depth to the evolving field of epigenetic immunology, offering insights with implications for therapeutic innovation and expanding our understanding of epigenetic modulation in immune function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika R. Seddon
- Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, Mātai Hāora - Centre for Redox Biology and Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Olivia M. Damiano
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Genetics and Epigenetics Research Group, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Mark B. Hampton
- Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, Mātai Hāora - Centre for Redox Biology and Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Aaron J. Stevens
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Genetics and Epigenetics Research Group, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
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Picard LC, Rich FJ, Kenwright DN, Stevens AJ. Epigenetic changes associated with Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) treatment in bladder cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2024; 1879:189123. [PMID: 38806074 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2024.189123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) treatment for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) is an established immunotherapeutic, however, a significant portion of patients do not respond to treatment. Despite extensive research into the therapeutic mechanism of BCG, gaps remain in our understanding. This review specifically focuses on the epigenomic contributions in the immune microenvironment, in the context of BCG treatment for NMIBC. We also summarise the current understanding of NMIBC epigenetic characteristics, and discuss how future targeted strategies for BCG therapy should incorporate epigenomic biomarkers in conjunction with genomic biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy C Picard
- University of Otago, Wellington, Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Wellington 6021, New Zealand
| | - Fenella J Rich
- University of Otago, Wellington, Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Wellington 6021, New Zealand
| | - Diane N Kenwright
- University of Otago, Wellington, Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Wellington 6021, New Zealand
| | - Aaron J Stevens
- University of Otago, Wellington, Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Wellington 6021, New Zealand.
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Manoharan RR, Prasad A, Pospíšil P, Kzhyshkowska J. ROS signaling in innate immunity via oxidative protein modifications. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1359600. [PMID: 38515749 PMCID: PMC10954773 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1359600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The innate immune response represents the first-line of defense against invading pathogens. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) have been implicated in various aspects of innate immune function, which involves respiratory bursts and inflammasome activation. These reactive species widely distributed within the cellular environment are short-lived intermediates that play a vital role in cellular signaling and proliferation and are likely to depend on their subcellular site of formation. NADPH oxidase complex of phagocytes is known to generate superoxide anion radical (O2 •-) that functions as a precursor for antimicrobial hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production, and H2O2 is utilized by myeloperoxidase (MPO) to generate hypochlorous acid (HOCl) that mediates pathogen killing. H2O2 modulates the expression of redox-responsive transcriptional factors, namely NF-kB, NRF2, and HIF-1, thereby mediating redox-based epigenetic modification. Survival and function of immune cells are under redox control and depend on intracellular and extracellular levels of ROS/RNS. The current review focuses on redox factors involved in the activation of immune response and the role of ROS in oxidative modification of proteins in macrophage polarization and neutrophil function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ankush Prasad
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Pavel Pospíšil
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Julia Kzhyshkowska
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Institute for Innate Immunoscience (MI3), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- German Red Cross Blood Service Baden-Württemberg - Hessen, Mannheim, Germany
- Laboratory of Translational Cellular and Molecular Biomedicine, National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia
- Laboratory of Genetic Technologies, Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russia
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4
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Alshamrani AA, Alshehri S, Alqarni SS, Ahmad SF, Alghibiwi H, Al-Harbi NO, Alqarni SA, Al-Ayadhi LY, Attia SM, Alfardan AS, Bakheet SA, Nadeem A. DNA Hypomethylation Is Associated with Increased Inflammation in Peripheral Blood Neutrophils of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: Understanding the Role of Ubiquitous Pollutant Di(2-ethylhexyl) Phthalate. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13030458. [PMID: 36984898 PMCID: PMC10057726 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13030458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a multidimensional disorder in which environmental, immune, and genetic factors act in concert to play a crucial role. ASD is characterized by social interaction/communication impairments and stereotypical behavioral patterns. Epigenetic modifications are known to regulate genetic expression through various mechanisms. One such mechanism is DNA methylation, which is regulated by DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs). DNMT transfers methyl groups onto the fifth carbon atom of the cytosine nucleotide, thus converting it into 5-methylcytosine (5mC) in the promoter region of the DNA. Disruptions in methylation patterns of DNA are usually associated with modulation of genetic expression. Environmental pollutants such as the plasticizer Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) have been reported to affect epigenetic mechanisms; however, whether DEHP modulates DNMT1 expression, DNA methylation, and inflammatory mediators in the neutrophils of ASD subjects has not previously been investigated. Hence, this investigation focused on the role of DNMT1 and overall DNA methylation in relation to inflammatory mediators (CCR2, MCP-1) in the neutrophils of children with ASD and typically developing healthy children (TDC). Further, the effect of DEHP on overall DNA methylation, DNMT1, CCR2, and MCP-1 in the neutrophils was explored. Our results show that the neutrophils of ASD subjects have diminished DNMT1 expression, which is associated with hypomethylation of DNA and increased inflammatory mediators such as CCR2 and MCP-1. DEHP further causes downregulation of DNMT1 expression in the neutrophils of ASD subjects, probably through oxidative inflammation, as antioxidant treatment led to reversal of a DEHP-induced reduction in DNMT1. These data highlight the importance of the environmental pollutant DEHP in the modification of epigenetic machinery such as DNA methylation in the neutrophils of ASD subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali A Alshamrani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samiyah Alshehri
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sana S Alqarni
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sheikh F Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanan Alghibiwi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naif O Al-Harbi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh A Alqarni
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Laila Y Al-Ayadhi
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sabry M Attia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali S Alfardan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh A Bakheet
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Nadeem
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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5
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Seddon AR, Das AB, Hampton MB, Stevens AJ. Site-specific decreases in DNA methylation in replicating cells following exposure to oxidative stress. Hum Mol Genet 2022; 32:632-648. [PMID: 36106794 PMCID: PMC9896486 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddac232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a common feature of inflammation-driven cancers, and it promotes genomic instability and aggressive tumour phenotypes. It is known that oxidative stress transiently modulates gene expression through the oxidation of transcription factors and associated regulatory proteins. Neutrophils are our most abundant white blood cells and accumulate at sites of infection and inflammation. Activated neutrophils produce hypochlorous acid and chloramines, which can disrupt DNA methylation by oxidizing methionine. The goal of the current study was to determine whether chloramine exposure results in sequence-specific modifications in DNA methylation that enable long-term alterations in transcriptional output. Proliferating Jurkat T-lymphoma cells were exposed to sublethal doses of glycine chloramine and differential methylation patterns were compared using Illumina EPIC 850 K bead chip arrays. There was a substantial genome-wide decrease in methylation 4 h after exposure that correlated with altered RNA expression for 24 and 48 h, indicating sustained impacts on exposed cells. A large proportion of the most significant differentially methylated CpG sites were situated towards chromosomal ends, suggesting that these regions are most susceptible to inhibition of maintenance DNA methylation. This may contribute to epigenetic instability of chromosomal ends in rapidly dividing cells, with potential implications for the regulation of telomere length and cellular longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika R Seddon
- University of Otago, Christchurch, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, Christchurch, 8011, New Zealand
| | - Andrew B Das
- University of Otago, Christchurch, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, Christchurch, 8011, New Zealand,Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Mark B Hampton
- University of Otago, Christchurch, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, Christchurch, 8011, New Zealand
| | - Aaron J Stevens
- To whom correspondence should be addressed at: Department of Pathology, University of Otago, Wellington, 23 Mein St, Newtown, Wellington 6021, New Zealand. Tel: +64 43855541; Fax: +64 4 389 5725;
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Taylor MF, Black MA, Hampton MB, Ledgerwood EC. Insights into H 2O 2-induced signaling in Jurkat cells from analysis of gene expression. Free Radic Res 2022; 56:666-676. [PMID: 36630571 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2023.2165073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a ubiquitous oxidant produced in a regulated manner by various enzymes in mammalian cells. H2O2 reversibly oxidizes thiol groups of cysteine residues to mediate intracellular signaling. While examples of H2O2-dependent signaling have been reported, the exact molecular mechanism(s) of signaling and the pathways affected are not well understood. Here, the transcriptomic response of Jurkat T cells to H2O2 was investigated to determine global effects on gene expression. With a low H2O2 concentration (10 µM) that did not induce an oxidative stress response or cell death, extensive changes in gene expression occurred after 4 h (6803 differentially expressed genes). Of the genes with a greater then 2-fold change in expression, 85% were upregulated suggesting that in a physiological setting H2O2 predominantly activates gene expression. Pathway analysis identified gene expression signatures associated with FOXO and NTRK signaling. These signatures were associated with an overlapping set of transcriptional regulators. Overall, our results provide a snapshot of gene expression changes in response to H2O2, which, along with further studies, will lead to new insights into the specific pathways that are activated in response to endogenous production of H2O2, and the molecular mechanisms of H2O2 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan F Taylor
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Michael A Black
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Mark B Hampton
- Centre for Free Radical Research, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Elizabeth C Ledgerwood
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Epigenetic Alterations under Oxidative Stress in Stem Cells. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:6439097. [PMID: 36071870 PMCID: PMC9444469 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6439097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic regulation of gene expression, including DNA methylation and histone modifications, provides finely tuned responses for cells that undergo cellular environment changes. Abundant evidences have demonstrated the detrimental role of oxidative stress in various human pathogenesis since oxidative stress results from the imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and antioxidant defense system. Stem cells can self-renew themselves and meanwhile have the potential to differentiate into many other cell types. As some studies have described the effects of oxidative stress on homeostasis and cell fate decision of stem cells, epigenetic alterations have emerged crucial for mediating the stem cell behaviours under oxidative stress. Here, we review recent findings on the oxidative effects on DNA and histone modifications in stem cells. We propose that epigenetic alterations and oxidative stress may influence each other in stem cells.
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Switzer CH, Cho HJ, Eykyn TR, Lavender P, Eaton P. NOS2 and S-nitrosothiol signaling induces DNA hypomethylation and LINE-1 retrotransposon expression. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2200022119. [PMID: 35584114 PMCID: PMC9173756 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2200022119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS2) produces high local concentrations of nitric oxide (NO), and its expression is associated with inflammation, cellular stress signals, and cellular transformation. Additionally, NOS2 expression results in aggressive cancer cell phenotypes and is correlated with poor outcomes in patients with breast cancer. DNA hypomethylation, especially of noncoding repeat elements, is an early event in carcinogenesis and is a common feature of cancer cells. In addition to altered gene expression, DNA hypomethylation results in genomic instability via retrotransposon activation. Here, we show that NOS2 expression and associated NO signaling results in substantial DNA hypomethylation in human cell lines by inducing the degradation of DNA (cytosine-5)–methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) protein. Similarly, NOS2 expression levels were correlated with decreased DNA methylation in human breast tumors. NOS2 expression and NO signaling also resulted in long interspersed noncoding element 1 (LINE-1) retrotransposon hypomethylation, expression, and DNA damage. DNMT1 degradation was mediated by an NO/p38-MAPK/lysine acetyltransferase 5–dependent mechanism. Furthermore, we show that this mechanism is required for NO-mediated epithelial transformation. Therefore, we conclude that NOS2 and NO signaling results in DNA damage and malignant cellular transformation via an epigenetic mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher H. Switzer
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts & The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom
| | - Hyun-Ju Cho
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts & The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas R. Eykyn
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, St. Thomas’ Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Lavender
- AsthmaUK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, School of Immunology and Microbial Science, King’s College London, Guy’s Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
| | - Philip Eaton
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts & The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom
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Das AB, Seddon AR, O'Connor KM, Hampton MB. Regulation of the epigenetic landscape by immune cell oxidants. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 170:131-149. [PMID: 33444713 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.12.453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Excessive production of microbicidal oxidants by neutrophils can damage host tissue. The short-term response of cells to oxidative stress is well understood, but the mechanisms behind long-term consequences require further clarification. Epigenetic pathways mediate cellular adaptation, and are therefore a potential target of oxidative stress. Indeed, there is evidence that many proteins and metabolites involved in epigenetic pathways are redox sensitive. In this review we provide an overview of the epigenetic landscape and discuss the potential for redox regulation. Using this information, we highlight specific examples where neutrophil oxidants react with epigenetic pathway components. We also use published data from redox proteomics to map out known intersections between oxidative stress and epigenetics that may signpost helpful directions for future investigation. Finally, we discuss the role neutrophils play in adaptive pathologies with a focus on tumour initiation and progression. We hope this information will stimulate further discourse on the emerging field of redox epigenomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew B Das
- Centre for Free Radical Research, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand.
| | - Annika R Seddon
- Centre for Free Radical Research, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand.
| | - Karina M O'Connor
- Centre for Free Radical Research, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand.
| | - Mark B Hampton
- Centre for Free Radical Research, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand.
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10
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Piotrowska M, Gliwiński M, Trzonkowski P, Iwaszkiewicz-Grzes D. Regulatory T Cells-Related Genes Are under DNA Methylation Influence. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7144. [PMID: 34281195 PMCID: PMC8267835 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22137144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) exert a highly suppressive function in the immune system. Disturbances in their function predispose an individual to autoimmune dysregulation, with a predominance of the pro-inflammatory environment. Besides Foxp3, which is a master regulator of these cells, other genes (e.g., Il2ra, Ctla4, Tnfrsf18, Ikzf2, and Ikzf4) are also involved in Tregs development and function. Multidimensional Tregs suppression is determined by factors that are believed to be crucial in the action of Tregs-related genes. Among them, epigenetic changes, such as DNA methylation, tend to be widely studied over the past few years. DNA methylation acts as a repressive mark, leading to diminished gene expression. Given the role of increased CpG methylation upon Tregs imprinting and functional stability, alterations in the methylation pattern can cause an imbalance in the immune response. Due to the fact that epigenetic changes can be reversible, so-called epigenetic modifiers are broadly used in order to improve Tregs performance. In this review, we place emphasis on the role of DNA methylation of the genes that are key regulators of Tregs function. We also discuss disease settings that have an impact on the methylation status of Tregs and systematize the usefulness of epigenetic drugs as factors able to influence Tregs functions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Dorota Iwaszkiewicz-Grzes
- Department of Medical Immunology, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland; (M.P.); (M.G.); (P.T.)
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Seddon AR, Liau Y, Pace PE, Miller AL, Das AB, Kennedy MA, Hampton MB, Stevens AJ. Genome-wide impact of hydrogen peroxide on maintenance DNA methylation in replicating cells. Epigenetics Chromatin 2021; 14:17. [PMID: 33761969 PMCID: PMC7992848 DOI: 10.1186/s13072-021-00388-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Environmental factors, such as oxidative stress, have the potential to modify the epigenetic landscape of cells. We have previously shown that DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) activity can be inhibited by sublethal doses of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). However, site-specific changes in DNA methylation and the reversibility of any changes have not been explored. Using bead chip array technology, differential methylation was assessed in Jurkat T-lymphoma cells following exposure to H2O2. Results Sublethal H2O2 exposure was associated with an initial genome-wide decrease in DNA methylation in replicating cells, which was largely corrected 72 h later. However, some alterations were conserved through subsequent cycles of cell division. Significant changes to the variability of DNA methylation were also observed both globally and at the site-specific level. Conclusions This research indicates that increased exposure to H2O2 can result in long-term alterations to DNA methylation patterns, providing a mechanism for environmental factors to have prolonged impact on gene expression. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13072-021-00388-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika R Seddon
- Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, PO Box 4345, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand.
| | - Yusmiati Liau
- Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, PO Box 4345, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand
| | - Paul E Pace
- Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, PO Box 4345, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand
| | - Allison L Miller
- Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, PO Box 4345, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand
| | - Andrew B Das
- Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, PO Box 4345, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand
| | - Martin A Kennedy
- Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, PO Box 4345, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand
| | - Mark B Hampton
- Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, PO Box 4345, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand
| | - Aaron J Stevens
- Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, PO Box 4345, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand.
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