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Gaa R, Kumari K, Mayer HM, Yanakieva D, Tsai SP, Joshi S, Guenther R, Doerner A. An integrated mammalian library approach for optimization and enhanced microfluidics-assisted antibody hit discovery. ARTIFICIAL CELLS, NANOMEDICINE, AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 51:74-82. [PMID: 36762883 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2023.2173219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Recent years have seen the development of a variety of mammalian library approaches for display and secretion mode. Advantages include library approaches for engineering, preservation of precious immune repertoires and their repeated interrogation, as well as screening in final therapeutic format and host. Mammalian display approaches for antibody optimization exploit these advantages, necessitating the generation of large libraries but in turn enabling early screening for both manufacturability and target specificity. For suitable libraries, high antibody integration rates and resulting monoclonality need to be balanced - we present a solution for sufficient transmutability and acceptable monoclonality by applying an optimized ratio of coding to non-coding lentivirus. The recent advent of microfluidic-assisted hit discovery represents a perfect match to mammalian libraries in secretion mode, as the lower throughput fits well with the facile generation of libraries comprising a few million functional clones. In the presented work, Chinese Hamster Ovary cells were engineered to both express the target of interest and secrete antibodies in relevant formats, and specific clones were strongly enriched by high throughput screening for autocrine cellular binding. The powerful combination of mammalian secretion libraries and microfluidics-assisted hit discovery could reduce attrition rates and increase the probability to identify the best possible therapeutic antibody hits faster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramona Gaa
- Protein Engineering and Antibody Technologies, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Kavita Kumari
- Discovery Biology, Syngene International, Phase-IV, Bangalore, India
| | - Hannah Melina Mayer
- Protein Engineering and Antibody Technologies, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Desislava Yanakieva
- Protein Engineering and Antibody Technologies, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Shang-Pu Tsai
- Protein Engineering and Antibody Technologies, EMD Serono, Billerica, MA, USA
| | - Saurabh Joshi
- Discovery Biology, Syngene International, Phase-IV, Bangalore, India
| | - Ralf Guenther
- Protein Engineering and Antibody Technologies, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Achim Doerner
- Protein Engineering and Antibody Technologies, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
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2
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Hu D, Irving AT. Massively-multiplexed epitope mapping techniques for viral antigen discovery. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1192385. [PMID: 37818363 PMCID: PMC10561112 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1192385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Following viral infection, viral antigens bind specifically to receptors on the surface of lymphocytes thereby activating adaptive immunity in the host. An epitope, the smallest structural and functional unit of an antigen, binds specifically to an antibody or antigen receptor, to serve as key sites for the activation of adaptive immunity. The complexity and diverse range of epitopes are essential to study and map for the diagnosis of disease, the design of vaccines and for immunotherapy. Mapping the location of these specific epitopes has become a hot topic in immunology and immune therapy. Recently, epitope mapping techniques have evolved to become multiplexed, with the advent of high-throughput sequencing and techniques such as bacteriophage-display libraries and deep mutational scanning. Here, we briefly introduce the principles, advantages, and disadvantages of the latest epitope mapping techniques with examples for viral antigen discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diya Hu
- Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Haining, China
| | - Aaron T. Irving
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Studies, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Centre for Infection, Immunity & Cancer, Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Haining, China
- Biomedical and Health Translational Research Centre of Zhejiang Province (BIMET), Haining, China
- College of Medicine & Veterinary Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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3
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Chang J, Rader C, Peng H. A mammalian cell display platform based on scFab transposition. Antib Ther 2023; 6:157-169. [PMID: 37492588 PMCID: PMC10365156 DOI: 10.1093/abt/tbad009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In vitro display technologies have been successfully utilized for the discovery and evolution of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) for diagnostic and therapeutic applications, with phage display and yeast display being the most commonly used platforms due to their simplicity and high efficiency. As their prokaryotic or lower eukaryotic host organisms typically have no or different post-translational modifications, several mammalian cell-based display and screening technologies for isolation and optimization of mAbs have emerged and are being developed. We report here a novel and useful mammalian cell display platform based on the PiggyBac transposon system to display mAbs in a single-chain Fab (scFab) format on the surface of HEK293F cells. Immune rabbit antibody libraries encompassing ~7 × 107 independent clones were generated in an all-in-one transposon vector, stably delivered into HEK293F cells and displayed as an scFab with rabbit variable and human constant domains. After one round of magnetic activated cell sorting and two rounds of fluorescence activated cell sorting, mAbs with high affinity in the subnanomolar range and cross-reactivity to the corresponding human and mouse antigens were identified, demonstrating the power of this platform for antibody discovery. We developed a highly efficient mammalian cell display platform based on the PiggyBac transposon system for antibody discovery, which could be further utilized for humanization as well as affinity and specificity maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chang
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, University of Florida, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Christoph Rader
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, University of Florida, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Haiyong Peng
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, University of Florida, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
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Dopico XC, Mandolesi M, Hedestam GBK. Untangling immunoglobulin genotype-function associations. Immunol Lett 2023:S0165-2478(23)00073-1. [PMID: 37209913 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2023.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Immunoglobulin (IG) genes, encoding B cell receptors (BCRs), are fundamental components of the mammalian immune system, which evolved to recognize the diverse antigenic universe present in nature. To handle these myriad inputs, BCRs are generated through combinatorial recombination of a set of highly polymorphic germline genes, resulting in a vast repertoire of antigen receptors that initiate responses to pathogens and regulate commensals. Following antigen recognition and B cell activation, memory B cells and plasma cells form, allowing for the development of anamnestic antibody (Ab) responses. How inherited variation in IG genes impacts host traits, disease susceptibility, and Ab recall responses is a topic of great interest. Here, we consider approaches to translate emerging knowledge about IG genetic diversity and expressed repertoires to inform our understanding of Ab function in health and disease etiology. As our understanding of IG genetics grows, so will our need for tools to decipher preferences for IG gene or allele usage in different contexts, to better understand antibody responses at the population level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xaquin Castro Dopico
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17177, Sweden.
| | - Marco Mandolesi
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17177, Sweden
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5
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Ch'ng ACW, Konthur Z, Lim TS. Magnetic Nanoparticle-Based Semi-automated Panning for High-Throughput Antibody Selection. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2702:291-313. [PMID: 37679626 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3381-6_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Bio-panning is a common process involved in recombinant antibody selection against defined targets. The biopanning process aims to isolate specific antibodies against an antigen via affinity selection from a phage display library. In general, antigens are immobilized on solid surfaces such as polystyrene plastic, magnetic beads, and nitrocellulose. For high-throughput selection, semi-automated panning selection allows simultaneous panning against multiple target antigens adapting automated particle processing systems such as the KingFisher Flex. The system setup allows for minimal human intervention for pre- and post-panning steps such as antigen immobilization, phage rescue, and amplification. In addition, the platform is also adaptable to perform polyclonal and monoclonal ELISA for the evaluation process. This chapter will detail the protocols involved from the selection stage until the monoclonal ELISA evaluation with important notes attached at the end of this chapter for optimization and troubleshooting purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Chiew Wen Ch'ng
- Institute for Reseach in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Zoltán Konthur
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Reference Materials, Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
| | - Theam Soon Lim
- Institute for Reseach in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia.
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Gaa R, Mayer HM, Noack D, Kumari K, Guenther R, Tsai SP, Ji Q, Doerner A. Mammalian display to secretion switchable libraries for antibody preselection and high throughput functional screening. MAbs 2023; 15:2251190. [PMID: 37646089 PMCID: PMC10469430 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2023.2251190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, there has been a co-evolution of mammalian libraries and diverse microfluidic approaches for therapeutic antibody hit discovery. Mammalian libraries enable the preservation of full immune repertoires, produce hit candidates in final format and facilitate broad combinatorial bispecific antibody screening, while several available microfluidic methodologies offer opportunities for rapid high-content screens. Here, we report proof-of-concept studies exploring the potential of combining microfluidic technologies with mammalian libraries for antibody discovery. First, antibody secretion, target co-expression and integration of appropriate reporter cell lines enabled the selection of in-trans acting agonistic bispecific antibodies. Second, a functional screen for internalization was established and comparison of autocrine versus co-encapsulation setups highlighted the advantages of an autocrine one cell approach. Third, synchronization of antibody-secreting cells prior to microfluidic screens reduced assay variability. Furthermore, a display to secretion switchable system was developed and applied for pre-enrichment of antibody clones with high manufacturability in conjunction with subsequent screening for functional properties. These case studies demonstrate the system's feasibility and may serve as basis for further development of integrated workflows combining manufacturability sorting and functional screens for the identification of optimal therapeutic antibody candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramona Gaa
- NBE Technologies, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | | | | | - Kavita Kumari
- Discovery Biology, Syngene International, Bangalore, India
| | | | | | - Qingyong Ji
- NBE Technologies, EMD Serono, Billerica, MA, USA
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Gaa R, Mayer HM, Noack D, Doerner A. Efficient Microfluidic Downstream Processes for Rapid Antibody Hit Confirmation. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2681:327-341. [PMID: 37405656 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3279-6_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidics has been recently applied to better understand the spatial and temporal progression of the immune response in several species, for tool and biotherapeutic production cell line development and rapid antibody hit discovery. Several technologies have emerged that allow interrogation of large diversities of antibody-secreting cells in defined compartments such as picoliter droplets or nanopens. Mostly primary cells of immunized rodents but also recombinant mammalian libraries are screened for specific binding or directly for the desired function. While post-microfluidic downstream processes appear as standard steps, they represent considerable and interdependent challenges that can lead to high attrition rates even if original selections had been successful. In addition to next-generation sequencing recently described in depth elsewhere, this report aims at in detail explanations of exemplary droplet-based sorting followed by single-cell antibody gene PCR recovery and reproduction or single-cell sub-cultivation for crude supernatant confirmatory studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramona Gaa
- Protein Engineering and Antibody Technologies, Merck Healthcare KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Hannah Melina Mayer
- Protein Engineering and Antibody Technologies, Merck Healthcare KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Daniela Noack
- Protein Engineering and Antibody Technologies, Merck Healthcare KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Achim Doerner
- Protein Engineering and Antibody Technologies, Merck Healthcare KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany.
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Luo R, Qu B, An L, Zhao Y, Cao Y, Ren P, Hang H. Simultaneous Maturation of Single Chain Antibody Stability and Affinity by CHO Cell Display. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:bioengineering9080360. [PMID: 36004885 PMCID: PMC9404881 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9080360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibody stability and affinity are two important features of its applications in therapy and diagnosis. Antibody display technologies such as yeast and bacterial displays have been successfully used for improving both affinity and stability. Although mammalian cell display has also been utilized for maturing antibody affinity, it has not been applied for improving antibody stability. Previously, we developed a Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell display platform in which activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) was used to induce antibody mutation, and antibody affinity was successfully matured using the platform. In the current study, we developed thermo-resistant (TR) CHO cells for the purpose of maturing both antibody stability and affinity. We cultured TR CHO cells displaying an antibody mutant library and labeled them at temperatures above 41 °C, enriching cells that displayed antibody mutants with both the highest affinities and the highest display levels. To evaluate our system, we chose three antibodies to improve their affinities and stabilities. We succeeded in simultaneously improving both affinities and stabilities of all three antibodies. Of note, we obtained an anti-TNFα antibody mutant with a Tm (dissolution temperature) value 12 °C higher and affinity 160-fold greater than the parent antibody after two rounds of cell proliferation and flow cytometric sorting. By using CHO cells with its advantages in protein folding, post-translational modifications, and code usage, this procedure is likely to be widely used in maturing antibodies and other proteins in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqi Luo
- Key Laboratory for Protein and Peptide Pharmaceuticals, National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (R.L.); (B.Q.); (L.A.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Baole Qu
- Key Laboratory for Protein and Peptide Pharmaceuticals, National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (R.L.); (B.Q.); (L.A.); (Y.Z.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lili An
- Key Laboratory for Protein and Peptide Pharmaceuticals, National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (R.L.); (B.Q.); (L.A.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yun Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Protein and Peptide Pharmaceuticals, National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (R.L.); (B.Q.); (L.A.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yang Cao
- Center of Growth, Metabolism and Aging, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
- Correspondence: (Y.C.); (P.R.); (H.H.)
| | - Peng Ren
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
- Correspondence: (Y.C.); (P.R.); (H.H.)
| | - Haiying Hang
- Key Laboratory for Protein and Peptide Pharmaceuticals, National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (R.L.); (B.Q.); (L.A.); (Y.Z.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Correspondence: (Y.C.); (P.R.); (H.H.)
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9
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Mammalian Display Platform for the Maturation of Bispecific TCR-Based Molecules. Antibodies (Basel) 2022; 11:antib11020034. [PMID: 35645207 PMCID: PMC9150015 DOI: 10.3390/antib11020034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bispecific T cell receptor (TCR)-based molecules capable of redirecting and activating T cells towards tumor cells represent a novel and promising class of biotherapeutics for the treatment of cancer. Usage of TCRs allows for targeting of intracellularly expressed and highly selective cancer antigens, but also requires a complex maturation process to increase the naturally low affinity and stability of TCRs. Even though TCR domains can be matured via phage and yeast display, these techniques share the disadvantages of non-human glycosylation patterns and the need for a later reformatting into the final bispecific format. Here, we describe the development and application of a Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) display for affinity engineering of TCRs in the context of the final bispecific TCR format. The recombinase-mediated cassette exchange (RCME)-based system allows for stable, single-copy integration of bispecific TCR molecules with high efficiency into a defined genetic locus of CHO cells. We used the system to isolate affinity-increased variants of bispecific T cell engaging receptor (TCER) molecules from a library encoding different CDR variants of a model TCR targeting preferentially expressed antigen in melanoma (PRAME). When expressed as a soluble protein, the selected TCER molecules exhibited strong reactivity against PRAME-positive tumor cells associated with a pronounced cytokine release from activated T cells. The obtained data support the usage of the CHO display-based maturation system for TCR affinity maturation in the context of the final bispecific TCER format.
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See K, Kadonosono T, Miyamoto K, Tsubaki T, Ota Y, Katsumi M, Ryo S, Aida K, Minegishi M, Isozaki T, Kuchimaru T, Kizaka-Kondoh S. Antibody-guided design and identification of CD25-binding small antibody mimetics using mammalian cell surface display. Sci Rep 2021; 11:22098. [PMID: 34764369 PMCID: PMC8585965 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01603-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Small antibody mimetics that contain high-affinity target-binding peptides can be lower cost alternatives to monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). We have recently developed a method to create small antibody mimetics called FLuctuation-regulated Affinity Proteins (FLAPs), which consist of a small protein scaffold with a structurally immobilized target-binding peptide. In this study, to further develop this method, we established a novel screening system for FLAPs called monoclonal antibody-guided peptide identification and engineering (MAGPIE), in which a mAb guides selection in two manners. First, antibody-guided design allows construction of a peptide library that is relatively small in size, but sufficient to identify high-affinity binders in a single selection round. Second, in antibody-guided screening, the fluorescently labeled mAb is used to select mammalian cells that display FLAP candidates with high affinity for the target using fluorescence-activated cell sorting. We demonstrate the reliability and efficacy of MAGPIE using daclizumab, a mAb against human interleukin-2 receptor alpha chain (CD25). Three FLAPs identified by MAGPIE bound CD25 with dissociation constants of approximately 30 nM as measured by biolayer interferometry without undergoing affinity maturation. MAGPIE can be broadly adapted to any mAb to develop small antibody mimetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyra See
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, 226-8501, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Kadonosono
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, 226-8501, Japan.
| | - Kotaro Miyamoto
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, 226-8501, Japan
| | - Takuya Tsubaki
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, 226-8501, Japan
| | - Yumi Ota
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, 226-8501, Japan
| | - Marina Katsumi
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, 226-8501, Japan
| | - Sumoe Ryo
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, 226-8501, Japan
| | - Kazuki Aida
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, 226-8501, Japan
| | - Misa Minegishi
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, 226-8501, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiro Isozaki
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, 226-8501, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kuchimaru
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan
| | - Shinae Kizaka-Kondoh
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, 226-8501, Japan
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11
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Jaroszewicz W, Morcinek-Orłowska J, Pierzynowska K, Gaffke L, Węgrzyn G. Phage display and other peptide display technologies. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2021; 46:6407522. [PMID: 34673942 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuab052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Phage display technology, which is based on the presentation of peptide sequences on the surface of bacteriophage virions, was developed over 30 years ago. Improvements in phage display systems have allowed us to employ this method in numerous fields of biotechnology, as diverse as immunological and biomedical applications, the formation of novel materials and many others. The importance of phage display platforms was recognized by awarding the Nobel Prize in 2018 "for the phage display of peptides and antibodies". In contrast to many review articles concerning specific applications of phage display systems published in recent years, we present an overview of this technology, including a comparison of various display systems, their advantages and disadvantages, and examples of applications in various fields of science, medicine, and the broad sense of biotechnology. Other peptide display technologies, which employ bacterial, yeast and mammalian cells, as well as eukaryotic viruses and cell-free systems, are also discussed. These powerful methods are still being developed and improved; thus, novel sophisticated tools based on phage display and other peptide display systems are constantly emerging, and new opportunities to solve various scientific, medical and technological problems can be expected to become available in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weronika Jaroszewicz
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland
| | | | - Karolina Pierzynowska
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Lidia Gaffke
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Węgrzyn
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland
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Gaa R, Menang-Ndi E, Pratapa S, Nguyen C, Kumar S, Doerner A. Versatile and rapid microfluidics-assisted antibody discovery. MAbs 2021; 13:1978130. [PMID: 34586015 PMCID: PMC8489958 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2021.1978130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent years have seen unparalleled development of microfluidic applications for antibody discovery in both academic and pharmaceutical research. Microfluidics can support native chain-paired library generation as well as direct screening of antibody secreting cells obtained by rodent immunization or from the human peripheral blood. While broad diversities of neutralizing antibodies against infectious diseases such as HIV, Ebola, or COVID-19 have been identified from convalescent individuals, microfluidics can expedite therapeutic antibody discovery for cancer or immunological disease indications. In this study, a commercially available microfluidic device, Cyto-Mine, was used for the rapid identification of natively paired antibodies from rodents or human donors screened for specific binding to recombinant antigens, for direct screening with cells expressing the target of interest, and, to our knowledge for the first time, for direct broad functional IgG antibody screening in droplets. The process time from cell preparation to confirmed recombinant antibodies was four weeks. Application of this or similar microfluidic devices and methodologies can accelerate and enhance pharmaceutical antibody hit discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramona Gaa
- Protein Engineering and Antibody Technologies, Merck Healthcare KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Emmanuel Menang-Ndi
- Institute for Molecular Biotechnology, University of Bodenkultur, Vienna, Austria
| | - Shruti Pratapa
- Protein Engineering and Antibody Technologies, EMD Serono, Billerica, MA, USA
| | - Christine Nguyen
- Protein Engineering and Antibody Technologies, EMD Serono, Billerica, MA, USA
| | - Satyendra Kumar
- Protein Engineering and Antibody Technologies, EMD Serono, Billerica, MA, USA
| | - Achim Doerner
- Protein Engineering and Antibody Technologies, Merck Healthcare KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
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