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Prömer J, Barresi C, Herbst R. From phosphorylation to phenotype - Recent key findings on kinase regulation, downstream signaling and disease surrounding the receptor tyrosine kinase MuSK. Cell Signal 2023; 104:110584. [PMID: 36608736 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2022.110584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Muscle-specific kinase (MuSK) is the key regulator of neuromuscular junction development. MuSK acts via several distinct pathways and is responsible for pre- and postsynaptic differentiation. MuSK is unique among receptor tyrosine kinases as activation and signaling are particularly tightly regulated. Initiation of kinase activity requires Agrin, a heparan sulphate proteoglycan derived from motor neurons, the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-4 (Lrp4) and the intracellular adaptor protein Dok-7. There is a great knowledge gap between MuSK activation and downstream signaling. Recent studies using omics techniques have addressed this knowledge gap, thereby greatly contributing to a better understanding of MuSK signaling. Impaired MuSK signaling causes severe muscle weakness as described in congenital myasthenic syndromes or myasthenia gravis but the underlying pathophysiology is often unclear. This review focuses on recent advances in deciphering MuSK activation and downstream signaling. We further highlight latest break-throughs in understanding and treatment of MuSK-related disorders and discuss the role of MuSK in non-muscle tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Prömer
- Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Cinzia Barresi
- Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ruth Herbst
- Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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Budayeva HG, Sengupta-Ghosh A, Phu L, Moffat JG, Ayalon G, Kirkpatrick DS. Phosphoproteome Profiling of the Receptor Tyrosine Kinase MuSK Identifies Tyrosine Phosphorylation of Rab GTPases. Mol Cell Proteomics 2022; 21:100221. [PMID: 35227894 PMCID: PMC8972003 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2022.100221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle-specific receptor tyrosine kinase (MuSK) agonist antibodies were developed 2 decades ago to explore the benefits of receptor activation at the neuromuscular junction. Unlike agrin, the endogenous agonist of MuSK, agonist antibodies function independently of its coreceptor low-density lipoprotein receptor–related protein 4 to delay the onset of muscle denervation in mouse models of ALS. Here, we performed dose–response and time-course experiments on myotubes to systematically compare site-specific phosphorylation downstream of each agonist. Remarkably, both agonists elicited similar intracellular responses at known and newly identified MuSK signaling components. Among these was inducible tyrosine phosphorylation of multiple Rab GTPases that was blocked by MuSK inhibition. Importantly, mutation of this site in Rab10 disrupts association with its effector proteins, molecule interacting with CasL 1/3. Together, these data provide in-depth characterization of MuSK signaling, describe two novel MuSK inhibitors, and expose phosphorylation of Rab GTPases downstream of receptor tyrosine kinase activation in myotubes. Different agonists of muscle-specific kinase (MuSK) elicit similar phosphoprofiles. MuSK activation induces tyrosine phosphorylation of several Rab GTPases. MuSK inhibitors diminish receptor signaling, including phosphorylation on Rab10 Y6. Mutation of Rab10 Y6 disrupts its association with Mical adaptor proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna G Budayeva
- Microchemistry, Proteomics, and Lipidomics Department, Genentech, Inc, South San Francisco, California, USA.
| | | | - Lilian Phu
- Microchemistry, Proteomics, and Lipidomics Department, Genentech, Inc, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - John G Moffat
- Biochemical and Cellular Pharmacology and Computational Drug Design, Genentech, Inc, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Gai Ayalon
- Neuroscience Department, Genentech, Inc, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Donald S Kirkpatrick
- Microchemistry, Proteomics, and Lipidomics Department, Genentech, Inc, South San Francisco, California, USA.
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Gemza A, Barresi C, Proemer J, Hatami J, Lazaridis M, Herbst R. Internalization of Muscle-Specific Kinase Is Increased by Agrin and Independent of Kinase-Activity, Lrp4 and Dynamin. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:780659. [PMID: 35370548 PMCID: PMC8965242 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.780659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle-specific kinase (MuSK) is a receptor tyrosine kinase absolutely required for neuromuscular junction formation. MuSK is activated by binding of motor neuron-derived Agrin to low-density lipoprotein receptor related protein 4 (Lrp4), which forms a complex with MuSK. MuSK activation and downstream signaling are critical events during the development of the neuromuscular junction. Receptor tyrosine kinases are commonly internalized upon ligand binding and crosstalk between endocytosis and signaling has been implicated. To extend our knowledge about endocytosis of synaptic proteins and its role during postsynaptic differentiation at the neuromuscular junction, we studied the stability and internalization of Lrp4, MuSK and acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) in response to Agrin. We provide evidence that MuSK but not Lrp4 internalization is increased by Agrin stimulation. MuSK kinase-activity is not sufficient to induce MuSK internalization and the absence of Lrp4 has no effect on MuSK endocytosis. Moreover, MuSK internalization and signaling are unaffected by the inhibition of Dynamin suggesting that MuSK endocytosis uses a non-conventional pathway and is not required for MuSK-dependent downstream signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Gemza
- Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Cinzia Barresi
- Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jakob Proemer
- Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jasmin Hatami
- Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Margarita Lazaridis
- Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ruth Herbst
- Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Chen A, Bai L, Zhong K, Shu X, Wang A, Xiao Y, Zhang K, Shen C. APC2
CDH1
negatively regulates agrin signaling by promoting the ubiquitination and proteolytic degradation of DOK7. FASEB J 2020; 34:12009-12023. [PMID: 32687671 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202000485r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Aizhong Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital Institute of Translational Medicine School of Medicine Zhejiang University Zhejiang China
| | - Lei Bai
- The First Affiliated Hospital Institute of Translational Medicine School of Medicine Zhejiang University Zhejiang China
| | - Keke Zhong
- The First Affiliated Hospital Institute of Translational Medicine School of Medicine Zhejiang University Zhejiang China
| | - Xiaoqiu Shu
- The First Affiliated Hospital Institute of Translational Medicine School of Medicine Zhejiang University Zhejiang China
| | - Ailian Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital Institute of Translational Medicine School of Medicine Zhejiang University Zhejiang China
| | - Yatao Xiao
- The First Affiliated Hospital Institute of Translational Medicine School of Medicine Zhejiang University Zhejiang China
| | - Kejing Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital Institute of Translational Medicine School of Medicine Zhejiang University Zhejiang China
| | - Chengyong Shen
- The First Affiliated Hospital Institute of Translational Medicine School of Medicine Zhejiang University Zhejiang China
- Department of Neurobiology Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province School of Medicine Zhejiang University Zhejiang China
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Budayeva HG, Kirkpatrick DS. Monitoring protein communities and their responses to therapeutics. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2020; 19:414-426. [PMID: 32139903 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-020-0063-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Most therapeutics are designed to alter the activities of proteins. From metabolic enzymes to cell surface receptors, connecting the function of a protein to a cellular phenotype, to the activity of a drug and to a clinical outcome represents key mechanistic milestones during drug development. Yet, even for therapeutics with exquisite specificity, the sequence of events following target engagement can be complex. Interconnected communities of structural, metabolic and signalling proteins modulate diverse downstream effects that manifest as interindividual differences in efficacy, adverse effects and resistance to therapy. Recent advances in mass spectrometry proteomics have made it possible to decipher these complex relationships and to understand how factors such as genotype, cell type, local environment and external perturbations influence them. In this Review, we explore how proteomic technologies are expanding our understanding of protein communities and their responses to large- and small-molecule therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna G Budayeva
- Department of Microchemistry, Proteomics and Lipidomics, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Donald S Kirkpatrick
- Department of Microchemistry, Proteomics and Lipidomics, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA.
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Herbst R. MuSk function during health and disease. Neurosci Lett 2019; 716:134676. [PMID: 31811897 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2019.134676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The receptor tyrosine kinase MuSK (muscle-specific kinase) is the key signaling molecule during the formation of a mature and functional neuromuscular junction (NMJ). Signal transduction events downstream of MuSK activation induce both pre- and postsynaptic differentiation, which, most prominently, includes the clustering of acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) at synaptic sites. MuSK activation requires a complex interplay between its co-receptor Lrp4 (low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-4), the motor neuron-derived heparan-sulfate proteoglycan Agrin and the intracellular adaptor protein Dok-7. A tight regulation of MuSK kinase activity is crucial for proper NMJ development. Defects in MuSK signaling are the cause of muscle weakness as reported in congenital myasthenic syndromes and myasthenia gravis. This review focuses on recent structure-based analyses of MuSK, Agrin, Lrp4 and Dok-7 interactions and their function during MuSK activation. Conclusions about the regulation of the MuSK kinase that were derived from molecular structures will be highlighted. In addition, the role of MuSK during development and disease will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Herbst
- Medical University of Vienna, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Kinderspitalgasse 15, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Li
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Wen-Cheng Xiong
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
- Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Lin Mei
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
- Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
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Vyse S, Desmond H, Huang PH. Advances in mass spectrometry based strategies to study receptor tyrosine kinases. IUCRJ 2017; 4:119-130. [PMID: 28250950 PMCID: PMC5330522 DOI: 10.1107/s2052252516020546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are key transmembrane environmental sensors that are capable of transmitting extracellular information into phenotypic responses, including cell proliferation, survival and metabolism. Advances in mass spectrometry (MS)-based phosphoproteomics have been instrumental in providing the foundations of much of our current understanding of RTK signalling networks and activation dynamics. Furthermore, new insights relating to the deregulation of RTKs in disease, for instance receptor co-activation and kinome reprogramming, have largely been identified using phosphoproteomic-based strategies. This review outlines the current approaches employed in phosphoproteomic workflows, including phosphopeptide enrichment and MS data-acquisition methods. Here, recent advances in the application of MS-based phosphoproteomics to bridge critical gaps in our knowledge of RTK signalling are focused on. The current limitations of the technology are discussed and emerging areas such as computational modelling, high-throughput phospho-proteomic workflows and next-generation single-cell approaches to further our understanding in new areas of RTK biology are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Vyse
- Division of Cancer Biology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, England
| | - Howard Desmond
- Division of Cancer Biology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, England
| | - Paul H. Huang
- Division of Cancer Biology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, England
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MuSK Kinase Activity is Modulated By A Serine Phosphorylation Site in The Kinase Loop. Sci Rep 2016; 6:33583. [PMID: 27666825 PMCID: PMC5035991 DOI: 10.1038/srep33583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The neuromuscular junction (NMJ) forms when a motor neuron contacts a muscle fibre. A reciprocal exchange of signals initiates a cascade of signalling events that result in pre- and postsynaptic differentiation. At the centre of these signalling events stands muscle specific kinase (MuSK). MuSK activation, kinase activity and subsequent downstream signalling are crucial for NMJ formation as well as maintenance. Therefore MuSK kinase activity is tightly regulated to ensure proper NMJ development. We have identified a novel serine phosphorylation site at position 751 in MuSK that is increasingly phosphorylated upon agrin stimulation. S751 is also phosphorylated in muscle tissue and its phosphorylation depends on MuSK kinase activity. A phosphomimetic mutant of S751 increases MuSK kinase activity in response to non-saturating agrin concentrations . In addition, basal MuSK and AChR phosphorylation as well as AChR cluster size are increased. We believe that the phosphorylation of S751 provides a novel mechanism to relief the autoinhibition of the MuSK activation loop. Such a lower autoinhibition could foster or stabilize MuSK kinase activation, especially during stages when no or low level of agrin are present. Phosphorylation of S751 might therefore represent a novel mechanism to modulate MuSK kinase activity during prepatterning or NMJ maintenance.
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Rahmati M, Taherabadi SJ, Mehrabi M. Decreased Activity in Neuropathic Pain Form and Gene Expression of Cyclin-Dependent Kinase5 and Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 Beta in Soleus Muscle of Wistar Male Rats. IRANIAN RED CRESCENT MEDICAL JOURNAL 2015; 17:e23324. [PMID: 26290750 PMCID: PMC4537785 DOI: 10.5812/ircmj.23324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2014] [Revised: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between decreased activity/neuropathic pain and gene expression alterations in soleus muscle has remained elusive. OBJECTIVES In this experimental study, we investigated the effects of decreased activity in neuropathic pain form on Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 5 (CDK5) and Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 β (GSK-3β) gene expression in soleus muscle of rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twelve male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups: (1) tight ligation of the L5 spinal nerve (SNL: n = 4); (2) sham surgery (Sham: n = 4), and (3) control (C: n = 4). The threshold to produce a withdrawal response to a mechanical and thermal stimulus was measured using von Frey filaments and radiation heat apparatus, respectively. Following 4 weeks after surgery, the left soleus muscle was removed and mRNA levels were determined by real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). RESULTS Compared to control animals, L5 ligated animals developed mechanical and heat hypersensitivity during total period of study. Soleus muscle weight as well as CDK5 mRNA levels (less than ~ 0.4 fold) was decreased and GSK-3β mRNA levels (up to ~ 7 folds) increased in L5 ligated animals. CONCLUSIONS These results showed enhanced muscle atrophy processes following peripheral nerve damage and might provide a useful approach to study underlying muscle mechanisms associated with clinical neuropathic pain syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Rahmati
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Lorestan University, Khoram Abad, IR Iran
- Corresponding Author: Masoud Rahmati, Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Lorestan University, Khoram Abad, IR Iran. Tel: +98-9124525538, Fax: +98-6614215393, E-mail:
| | - Seyed Jalal Taherabadi
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Lorestan University, Khoram Abad, IR Iran
| | - Mahmoud Mehrabi
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Lorestan University, Khoram Abad, IR Iran
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