1
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Javaid T, Bhattarai M, Venkataraghavan A, Held M, Faik A. Specific protein interactions between rice members of the GT43 and GT47 families form various central cores of putative xylan synthase complexes. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 118:856-878. [PMID: 38261531 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Members of the glycosyltransferase (GT)43 and GT47 families have been associated with heteroxylan synthesis in both dicots and monocots and are thought to assemble into central cores of putative xylan synthase complexes (XSCs). Currently, it is unknown whether protein-protein interactions within these central cores are specific, how many such complexes exist, and whether these complexes are functionally redundant. Here, we used gene association network and co-expression approaches in rice to identify four OsGT43s and four OsGT47s that assemble into different GT43/GT47 complexes. Using two independent methods, we showed that (i) these GTs assemble into at least six unique complexes through specific protein-protein interactions and (ii) the proteins interact directly in vitro. Confocal microscopy showed that, when alone, all OsGT43s were retained in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), while all OsGT47s were localized in the Golgi. co-expression of OsGT43s and OsGT47s displayed complexes that form in the ER but accumulate in Golgi. ER-to-Golgi trafficking appears to require interactions between OsGT43s and OsGT47s. Comparison of the central cores of the three putative rice OsXSCs to wheat, asparagus, and Arabidopsis XSCs, showed great variation in GT43/GT47 combinations, which makes the identification of orthologous central cores between grasses and dicots challenging. However, the emerging picture is that all central cores from these species seem to have at least one member of the IRX10/IRX10-L clade in the GT47 family in common, suggesting greater functional importance for this family in xylan synthesis. Our findings provide a new framework for future investigation of heteroxylan biosynthesis and function in monocots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasleem Javaid
- Department of Environmental and Plant Biology, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, 45701, USA
| | - Matrika Bhattarai
- Department of Environmental and Plant Biology, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, 45701, USA
| | | | - Michael Held
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, 45701, USA
| | - Ahmed Faik
- Department of Environmental and Plant Biology, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, 45701, USA
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2
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Bhattarai M, Wang Q, Javaid T, Venkataraghavan A, Al Hassan MT, O'Neill M, Tan L, Chen H, Faik A. Streamlining assays of glycosyltransferases activity using in vitro GT-array (i-GT-ray) platform: Application to family GT37 fucosyltransferases. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:105734. [PMID: 38336294 PMCID: PMC10933551 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.105734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Numerous putative glycosyltransferases (GTs) have been identified using bioinformatic approaches. However, demonstrating the activity of these GTs remains a challenge. Here, we describe the development of a rapid in vitro GT-array screening platform for activity of GTs. GT-arrays are generated by cell-free in vitro protein synthesis and binding using microplates precoated with a N-terminal Halo- or a C-terminal GST-tagged GT-encoding plasmid DNA and a capture antibody. These arrays are then used for screening of transferase activities and the reactions are monitored by a luminescence GLO assay. The products formed by these reactions can be analyzed directly from the microplates by mass spectrometry. Using this platform, a total of 280 assays were performed to screen 22 putative fucosyltransferases (FUTs) from family GT37 (seven from Arabidopsis and 15 from rice) for activity toward five acceptors: non-fucosylated tamarind xyloglucan (TXyG), arabinotriose (Ara3), non-fucosylated rhamnogalacturonan I (RG-I), and RG-II from the mur1-1 Arabidopsis mutant, and the celery RG-II monomer lacking Arap and MeFuc of chain B and l-Gal of chain A. Our screen showed that AtFUT2, AtFUT5, and AtFUT10 have activity toward RG-I, while AtFUT8 was active on RG-II. Five rice OsFUTs have XyG-FUT activity and four rice OsFUTs have activity toward Ara3. None of the putative OsFUTs were active on the RG-I and RG-II. However, promiscuity toward acceptors was observed for several FUTs. These findings extend our knowledge of cell wall polysaccharide fucosylation in plants. We believe that in vitro GT-array platform provides a valuable tool for cell wall biochemistry and other research fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matrika Bhattarai
- Department of Environmental and Plant Biology, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Chemistry & Environmental Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Tasleem Javaid
- Department of Environmental and Plant Biology, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Md Tanim Al Hassan
- Department of Chemistry & Environmental Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Malcolm O'Neill
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Li Tan
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Chemistry & Environmental Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Ahmed Faik
- Department of Environmental and Plant Biology, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA.
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3
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Lastwika KJ, Lampe PD. Breaking tolerance: autoantibodies can target protein posttranslational modifications. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2024; 85:103056. [PMID: 38141322 PMCID: PMC10922400 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2023.103056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
Autoantibodies (AAb) are an immunological resource ripe for exploitation in cancer detection and treatment. Key to this translation is a better understanding of the self-epitope that AAb target in tumor tissue, but do not bind to in normal tissue. Posttranslational modifications (PTMs) on self-proteins are known to break tolerance in many autoimmune diseases and have also recently been described in cancer. This scope of possible autoantigens is quite broad and new high-dimensional and -throughput technologies to probe this repertoire will be necessary to fully exploit their potential. Here, we discuss the strengths and weaknesses of existing high-throughput platforms to detect AAb, review the current methods for characterizing immunogenic PTMs, describe the main challenges to identifying disease-relevant antigens and suggest the properties of future technologies that may be able to address these challenges. We conclude that exploiting the evolutionary power of the immune system to distinguish between self and nonself has great potential to be translated into antibody-based clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin J Lastwika
- Translational Science and Therapeutics Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Translational Research Program, Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Paul D Lampe
- Translational Research Program, Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
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4
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Agu CV, Cook RL, Martelly W, Gushgari LR, Mohan M, Takulapalli B. Novel sensor-integrated proteome on chip (SPOC) platform with thousands of folded proteins on a 1.5 sq-cm biosensor chip to enable high-throughput real-time label-free screening for kinetic analysis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.23.575909. [PMID: 38328216 PMCID: PMC10849568 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.23.575909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
An automated proteomic platform for producing and screening an array of functional proteins on biosensor surfaces was developed to address the challenges of measuring proteomic interaction kinetics in high throughput (HTP). This technology is termed Sensor-Integrated Proteome On Chip (SPOC®) which involves in-situ cell-free protein expression in nano-liter volume wells (nanowells) directly from rapidly customizable arrays of plasmid DNA, facilitating simultaneous capture-purification of up to 2400 unique full-length folded proteins onto a 1.5 sq-cm surface of a single gold biosensor chip. Arrayed SPOC sensors can then be screened by real-time label-free analysis, including surface plasmon resonance (SPR) to generate kinetic affinity, avidity data. Fluorescent and SPR assays were used to demonstrate zero crosstalk between protein spots. The functionality of the SPOC protein array was validated by antibody binding assay, post-translational modification, mutation-mediated differential binding kinetics, and catalytic activity screening on model SPOC protein arrays containing p53, Src, Jun, Fos, HIST1H3A, and SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain (RBD) protein variants of interest, among others. Monoclonal antibodies were found to selectively bind their target proteins on the SPOC array. A commercial anti-RBD antibody was used to demonstrate discriminatory binding to numerous SARS-CoV-2 RBD variants of concern with comprehensive kinetic information. With advantages of HTP, flexibility, low-cost, quick turnaround time, and real-time kinetic affinity profiling, the SPOC proteomic platform addresses the challenges of interrogating protein interactions at scale and can be deployed in various research and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chidozie Victor Agu
- SPOC Proteomics, Inc. 7201 E Henkel Way Suite 285, Scottsdale AZ 85255, United States
| | - Rebecca L Cook
- SPOC Proteomics, Inc. 7201 E Henkel Way Suite 285, Scottsdale AZ 85255, United States
| | - William Martelly
- SPOC Proteomics, Inc. 7201 E Henkel Way Suite 285, Scottsdale AZ 85255, United States
| | - Lydia R Gushgari
- SPOC Proteomics, Inc. 7201 E Henkel Way Suite 285, Scottsdale AZ 85255, United States
| | - Mukilan Mohan
- SPOC Proteomics, Inc. 7201 E Henkel Way Suite 285, Scottsdale AZ 85255, United States
| | - Bharath Takulapalli
- SPOC Proteomics, Inc. 7201 E Henkel Way Suite 285, Scottsdale AZ 85255, United States
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5
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Baxter RC. Signaling Pathways of the Insulin-like Growth Factor Binding Proteins. Endocr Rev 2023; 44:753-778. [PMID: 36974712 PMCID: PMC10502586 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnad008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
The 6 high-affinity insulin-like growth factor binding proteins (IGFBPs) are multifunctional proteins that modulate cell signaling through multiple pathways. Their canonical function at the cellular level is to impede access of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 and IGF-2 to their principal receptor IGF1R, but IGFBPs can also inhibit, or sometimes enhance, IGF1R signaling either through their own post-translational modifications, such as phosphorylation or limited proteolysis, or by their interactions with other regulatory proteins. Beyond the regulation of IGF1R activity, IGFBPs have been shown to modulate cell survival, migration, metabolism, and other functions through mechanisms that do not appear to involve the IGF-IGF1R system. This is achieved by interacting directly or functionally with integrins, transforming growth factor β family receptors, and other cell-surface proteins as well as intracellular ligands that are intermediates in a wide range of pathways. Within the nucleus, IGFBPs can regulate the diverse range of functions of class II nuclear hormone receptors and have roles in both cell senescence and DNA damage repair by the nonhomologous end-joining pathway, thus potentially modifying the efficacy of certain cancer therapeutics. They also modulate some immune functions and may have a role in autoimmune conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis. IGFBPs have been proposed as attractive therapeutic targets, but their ubiquity in the circulation and at the cellular level raises many challenges. By understanding the diversity of regulatory pathways with which IGFBPs interact, there may still be therapeutic opportunities based on modulation of IGFBP-dependent signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert C Baxter
- Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Royal North Shore Hospital,St Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia
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6
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Umemoto A, Kuwada T, Murata K, Shiokawa M, Ota S, Murotani Y, Itamoto A, Nishitani K, Yoshitomi H, Fujii T, Onishi A, Onizawa H, Murakami K, Tanaka M, Ito H, Seno H, Morinobu A, Matsuda S. Identification of anti-citrullinated osteopontin antibodies and increased inflammatory response by enhancement of osteopontin binding to fibroblast-like synoviocytes in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther 2023; 25:25. [PMID: 36804906 PMCID: PMC9936655 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-023-03007-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anti-citrullinated protein/peptide antibodies (ACPAs) are present in patients at onset and have important pathogenic roles during the course of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The characteristics of several molecules recognized by ACPA have been studied in RA, but the positivity rate of autoantibodies against each antigen is not high, and the pathogenic mechanism of each antibody is not fully understood. We investigated the role of anti-citrullinated osteopontin (anti-cit-OPN) antibodies in RA pathogenesis. METHODS Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays on RA patients' sera were used to detect autoantibodies against OPN. Fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) isolated from RA patients were used to test the binding activity and inflammatory response of OPN mediated by anti-cit-OPN antibodies, and their effect was tested using an inflammatory arthritis mouse model immunized with cit-OPN. Anti-cit-OPN antibody positivity and clinical characteristics were investigated in the patients as well. RESULTS Using sera from 224 RA patients, anti-cit-OPN antibodies were positive in approximately 44% of RA patients, while approximately 78% of patients were positive for the cyclic citrullinated peptide (CCP2) assay. IgG from patients with anti-cit-OPN antibody increased the binding activity of OPN to FLSs, which further increased matrix metalloproteinase and interleukin-6 production in TNF-stimulated FLSs. Mice immunized with cit-OPN antibodies experienced severe arthritis. Anti-cit-OPN antibodies in RA patients decreased the drug survival rate of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors, while it did not decrease that of CTLA4-Ig. CONCLUSIONS Anti-cit-OPN antibodies were detected in patients with RA. IgG from patients with anti-cit-OPN antibodies aggravated RA, and anti-cit-OPN antibody was a marker of reduced the survival rate of TNF inhibitors in RA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akio Umemoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kuwada
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Koichi Murata
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan. .,Department of Advanced Medicine for Rheumatic Diseases, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Kawahara-Cho, Shogoin, Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.
| | - Masahiro Shiokawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.
| | - Sakiko Ota
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Murotani
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Akihiro Itamoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Kohei Nishitani
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Yoshitomi
- Department of Immunology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Takayuki Fujii
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.,Department of Advanced Medicine for Rheumatic Diseases, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Kawahara-Cho, Shogoin, Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Akira Onishi
- Department of Advanced Medicine for Rheumatic Diseases, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Kawahara-Cho, Shogoin, Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Hideo Onizawa
- Department of Advanced Medicine for Rheumatic Diseases, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Kawahara-Cho, Shogoin, Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Kosaku Murakami
- Center for Cancer Immunotherapy and Immunobiology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Masao Tanaka
- Department of Advanced Medicine for Rheumatic Diseases, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Kawahara-Cho, Shogoin, Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Hiromu Ito
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.,Department of Advanced Medicine for Rheumatic Diseases, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Kawahara-Cho, Shogoin, Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Seno
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Akio Morinobu
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Shuichi Matsuda
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
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7
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Poulsen TBG, Damgaard D, Jørgensen MM, Senolt L, Blackburn JM, Nielsen CH, Stensballe A. Identification of potential autoantigens in anti-CCP-positive and anti-CCP-negative rheumatoid arthritis using citrulline-specific protein arrays. Sci Rep 2021; 11:17300. [PMID: 34453079 PMCID: PMC8397748 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96675-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence or absence of autoantibodies against citrullinated proteins (ACPAs) distinguishes two main groups of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients with different etiologies, prognoses, disease severities, and, presumably, disease pathogenesis. The heterogeneous responses of RA patients to various biologics, even among ACPA-positive patients, emphasize the need for further stratification of the patients. We used high-density protein array technology for fingerprinting of ACPA reactivity. Identification of the proteome recognized by ACPAs may be a step to stratify RA patients according to immune reactivity. Pooled plasma samples from 10 anti-CCP-negative and 15 anti-CCP-positive RA patients were assessed for ACPA content using a modified protein microarray containing 1631 different natively folded proteins citrullinated in situ by protein arginine deiminases (PADs) 2 and PAD4. IgG antibodies from anti-CCP-positive RA plasma showed high-intensity binding to 87 proteins citrullinated by PAD2 and 99 proteins citrullinated by PAD4 without binding significantly to the corresponding native proteins. Curiously, the binding of IgG antibodies in anti-CCP-negative plasma was also enhanced by PAD2- and PAD4-mediated citrullination of 29 and 26 proteins, respectively. For only four proteins, significantly more ACPA binding occurred after citrullination with PAD2 compared to citrullination with PAD4, while the opposite was true for one protein. We demonstrate that PAD2 and PAD4 are equally efficient in generating citrullinated autoantigens recognized by ACPAs. Patterns of proteins recognized by ACPAs may serve as a future diagnostic tool for further subtyping of RA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas B G Poulsen
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 5, 9220, Aalborg, Denmark.,Sino-Danish College (SDC), University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dres Damgaard
- Institute for Inflammation Research, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Malene M Jørgensen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Ladislav Senolt
- Institute of Rheumatology and Department of Rheumatology, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jonathan M Blackburn
- Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Claus H Nielsen
- Institute for Inflammation Research, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Allan Stensballe
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 5, 9220, Aalborg, Denmark.
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8
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Detection of Posttranslational Modification Autoantibodies Using Peptide Microarray. Methods Mol Biol 2021. [PMID: 34115354 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1562-1_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
Autoantibodies are humoral antibodies against self-proteins and play vital roles in maintaining the homeostasis. Autoantibodies can also target posttranslational modifications (PTMs) of proteins and the identification of new PTM autoantibodies is important to identify biomarkers for the early diagnosis of cancer and autoimmune diseases. In this chapter, we describe a method to detect PTM autoantibodies using citrullinated peptide microarray as an example. This method can be used to screen serum autoantibodies for different human diseases.
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9
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Abstract
Proteins succumb to numerous post-translational modifications (PTMs). These relate to enzymatic or non-enzymatic reactions taking place in either the intracellular or extracellular compartment. While intracellular oxidative changes are mainly due to redox stress, extracellular PTMs may be induced in an inflammatory micro milieu that is rich in reactive species. The increasing recognition of oxidative modifications as a causing agent or side-effect of pathophysiological states and diseases puts oxidative PTMS (oxPTMs) into the spotlight of inflammation research. Pathological hyper-modification of proteins can lead to accumulation, aggregation, cell stress, altered antigenic peptides, and damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP)-like recognition by host immunity. Such processes are linked to cardiovascular disease and autoinflammation. At the same time, a detailed understanding of the mechanisms governing inflammatory responses to oxPTMs may capitalize on new therapeutic routes for enhancing adaptive immune responses as needed, for instance, in oncology. We here summarize some of the latest developments of oxPTMs in disease diagnosis and therapy. Potential target proteins and upcoming technologies, such as gas plasmas, are outlined for future research that may aid in identifying the molecular basis of immunogenic vs. tolerogenic oxPTMs.
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10
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Savvateeva E, Smoldovskaya O, Feyzkhanova G, Rubina A. Multiple biomarker approach for the diagnosis and therapy of rheumatoid arthritis. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2020; 58:17-28. [PMID: 32552254 DOI: 10.1080/10408363.2020.1775545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The lack of specific clinical symptoms for patients in the early stage of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has created strong interest in the laboratory diagnosis of RA. The main laboratory markers of RA, rheumatoid factor (RF) and anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs), can be found in patients with other pathologies and in healthy donors. Even today, there is no single laboratory test that can diagnosis RA with high sensitivity and specificity. To improve the diagnosis and treatment of RA, alternative biomarkers, including 14-3-3η protein, connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), antibodies against PAD4, antibodies against BRAF, and anti-acetylated and anti-carbamylated protein antibodies have been studied extensively. The use of a multiple biomarker approach, the simultaneous measurement of a set of biomarkers, is an alternative strategy for the diagnosis of RA and for predicting the therapeutic effect of biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs). However, despite the large number of studies, only a few biomarker combinations have been validated and can be applied in clinical practice. In this article, results of studies focused on the multiple biomarker approach (both multiplex and combined single-analyte assays) to diagnose RA and to predict response to biological drug therapy are reviewed. Additionally, general factors limiting the use of multiplex analysis in RA diagnostics and therapy are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Savvateeva
- Laboratory of Biological Microchips, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga Smoldovskaya
- Laboratory of Biological Microchips, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Guzel Feyzkhanova
- Laboratory of Biological Microchips, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alla Rubina
- Laboratory of Biological Microchips, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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11
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Poulsen TBG, Damgaard D, Jørgensen MM, Senolt L, Blackburn JM, Nielsen CH, Stensballe A. Identification of Novel Native Autoantigens in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8060141. [PMID: 32486012 PMCID: PMC7345460 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8060141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The majority of patients diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have developed autoantibodies against neoepitopes in proteins that have undergone post-translational modification, e.g., citrullination or carbamylation. There is growing evidence of their molecular relevance and their potential utility to improve diagnosis, patient stratification, and prognosis for precision medicine. Autoantibodies reacting to native proteins may also have a role in RA pathogenesis, however, their reactivity patterns remain much less studied. We hypothesized that a high-density protein array technology could shed light onto the normal and disease-related autoantibodies produced in healthy and RA patient subgroups. In an exploratory study, we investigated the global reactivity of autoantibodies in plasma pools from 15 anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (CCP)-positive and 10 anti-CCP-negative RA patients and 10 healthy donors against more than 1600 native and unmodified human proteins using a high-density protein array. A total of 102 proteins recognized by IgG autoantibodies were identified, hereof 86 were recognized by antibodies from CCP-positive RA patients and 76 from anti-CCP-negative RA patients, but not by antibodies from healthy donors. Twenty-four of the identified autoantigens have previously been identified in synovial fluid. Multiple human proteins in their native conformation are recognized by autoantibodies from anti-CCP-positive as well as anti-CCP-negative RA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas B. G. Poulsen
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark
- Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 380 Huaibeizhuang, Huairou district, Beijing 100049, China
- Correspondence: (T.B.G.P.); (A.S.); Tel.: +45-2615-9368 (T.B.G.P.); +45-6160-8786 (A.S.)
| | - Dres Damgaard
- Institute for Inflammation Research, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (D.D.); (C.H.N.)
| | - Malene Møller Jørgensen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Aalborg University Hospital, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark;
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Ladislav Senolt
- Institute of Rheumatology and Department of Rheumatology, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 121 08 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Jonathan M. Blackburn
- Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences & Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7700, South Africa;
- Sengenics Corporation Pte Ltd., Singapore 409051, Singapore
| | - Claus H. Nielsen
- Institute for Inflammation Research, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (D.D.); (C.H.N.)
| | - Allan Stensballe
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark
- Correspondence: (T.B.G.P.); (A.S.); Tel.: +45-2615-9368 (T.B.G.P.); +45-6160-8786 (A.S.)
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12
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Pedersen JW, Nøstdal A, Wandall HH. Multiplexed Detection of Autoantibodies to Glycopeptides Using Microarray. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2024:199-211. [PMID: 31364051 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9597-4_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Protein microarray is a highly sensitive tool for antibody detection in serum. Monitoring of patients' antibody titers to specific antigens is increasingly employed in the diagnosis of several conditions, ranging from infectious diseases, allergies, autoimmune diseases, and cancer. In this protocol, we present a detailed method for enzymatic generation of disease-specific O-glycopeptides and how to monitor the antibody response to these in serum using microarray technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes W Pedersen
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alexander Nøstdal
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hans H Wandall
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Araman C, 't Hart BA. Neurodegeneration meets immunology - A chemical biology perspective. Bioorg Med Chem 2019; 27:1911-1924. [PMID: 30910473 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2019.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C Araman
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry and the Institute for Chemical Immunology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - B A 't Hart
- University of Groningen, Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University Medical Centre, Groningen, The Netherlands; Department Anatomy and Neuroscience, Free University Medical Center (VUmc), Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cell-free protein microarrays represent a special form of protein microarray which display proteins made fresh at the time of the experiment, avoiding storage and denaturation. They have been used increasingly in basic and translational research over the past decade to study protein-protein interactions, the pathogen-host relationship, post-translational modifications, and antibody biomarkers of different human diseases. Their role in the first blood-based diagnostic test for early stage breast cancer highlights their value in managing human health. Cell-free protein microarrays will continue to evolve to become widespread tools for research and clinical management. Areas covered: We review the advantages and disadvantages of different cell-free protein arrays, with an emphasis on the methods that have been studied in the last five years. We also discuss the applications of each microarray method. Expert commentary: Given the growing roles and impact of cell-free protein microarrays in research and medicine, we discuss: 1) the current technical and practical limitations of cell-free protein microarrays; 2) the biomarker discovery and verification pipeline using protein microarrays; and 3) how cell-free protein microarrays will advance over the next five years, both in their technology and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Yu
- a State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences , Beijing Institute of Lifeomics , Beijing , China
| | - Brianne Petritis
- b The Virginia G. Piper Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute , Arizona State University , Tempe , AZ , USA
| | - Hu Duan
- a State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences , Beijing Institute of Lifeomics , Beijing , China
| | - Danke Xu
- c State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing , China
| | - Joshua LaBaer
- b The Virginia G. Piper Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute , Arizona State University , Tempe , AZ , USA
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15
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Yu X, Song L, Petritis B, Bian X, Wang H, Viloria J, Park J, Bui H, Li H, Wang J, Liu L, Yang L, Duan H, McMurray DN, Achkar JM, Magee M, Qiu J, LaBaer J. Multiplexed Nucleic Acid Programmable Protein Arrays. Theranostics 2017; 7:4057-4070. [PMID: 29109798 PMCID: PMC5667425 DOI: 10.7150/thno.20151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Cell-free protein microarrays display naturally-folded proteins based on just-in-time in situ synthesis, and have made important contributions to basic and translational research. However, the risk of spot-to-spot cross-talk from protein diffusion during expression has limited the feature density of these arrays. Methods: In this work, we developed the Multiplexed Nucleic Acid Programmable Protein Array (M-NAPPA), which significantly increases the number of displayed proteins by multiplexing as many as five different gene plasmids within a printed spot. Results: Even when proteins of different sizes were displayed within the same feature, they were readily detected using protein-specific antibodies. Protein-protein interactions and serological antibody assays using human viral proteome microarrays demonstrated that comparable hits were detected by M-NAPPA and non-multiplexed NAPPA arrays. An ultra-high density proteome microarray displaying > 16k proteins on a single microscope slide was produced by combining M-NAPPA with a photolithography-based silicon nano-well platform. Finally, four new tuberculosis-related antigens in guinea pigs vaccinated with Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) were identified with M-NAPPA and validated with ELISA. Conclusion: All data demonstrate that multiplexing features on a protein microarray offer a cost-effective fabrication approach and have the potential to facilitate high throughput translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (PHOENIX Center, Beijing), Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Lusheng Song
- The Virginia G. Piper Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Brianne Petritis
- The Virginia G. Piper Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Xiaofang Bian
- The Virginia G. Piper Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Haoyu Wang
- The Virginia G. Piper Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Jennifer Viloria
- The Virginia G. Piper Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Jin Park
- The Virginia G. Piper Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Hoang Bui
- The Virginia G. Piper Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Han Li
- The Virginia G. Piper Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Jie Wang
- The Virginia G. Piper Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Lei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (PHOENIX Center, Beijing), Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Liuhui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (PHOENIX Center, Beijing), Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Hu Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (PHOENIX Center, Beijing), Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - David N. McMurray
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Jacqueline M. Achkar
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, NY 10461, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Mitch Magee
- The Virginia G. Piper Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Ji Qiu
- The Virginia G. Piper Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Joshua LaBaer
- The Virginia G. Piper Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
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Wang H, Demirkan G, Bian X, Wallstrom G, Barker K, Karthikeyan K, Tang Y, Pasha SF, Leighton JA, Qiu J, LaBaer J. Identification of Antibody Against SNRPB, Small Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein-Associated Proteins B and B', as an Autoantibody Marker in Crohn's Disease using an Immunoproteomics Approach. J Crohns Colitis 2017; 11:848-856. [PMID: 28204086 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjx019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current non-invasive biomarkers for Crohn's disease are limited in their utility. Progress in identifying individual autoantigens and autoantibodies in Crohn's disease has been challenging due to limitations of available immunoassays. AIMS Our aim was to identify autoantibodies associated with Crohn's disease that may be useful in diagnosis and management using an innovative protein array technology, namely nucleic acid programmable protein arrays [NAPPA]. METHODS Serum samples of 96 patients with established Crohn's disease and 96 healthy controls were included and evenly split into discovery and validation sets randomly. Autoantibodies of both IgG and IgA classes were profiled against ~1900 human proteins in the discovery set on NAPPA. Autoantibodies discovered to be Crohn's disease-specific were further validated in the independent validation set by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Overall, reactivity of IgG autoantibodies was stronger than that of IgA autoantibodies; however, IgA autoantibodies showed greater differential reactivity between cases and controls. Four IgA autoantibodies against SNRPB, PRPH, PTTG1 and SNAI1 were newly identified with sensitivities above 15% at 95% specificity, among which anti-SNRPB-IgA had the highest sensitivity of 24.0%. Autoantibodies associated with specific disease subtypes were also found. CONCLUSIONS As one of the first studies to use immunoproteomics for the identification of autoantibodies in Crohn's disease, our results support the utility of NAPPA in implementing future expanded studies with better coverage of the human proteome and microbial proteomes relevant to Crohn's disease and identifying antibody markers that may have clinical impact in diagnosis and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyu Wang
- Virginia G. Piper Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Gokhan Demirkan
- Virginia G. Piper Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Xiaofang Bian
- Virginia G. Piper Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Garrick Wallstrom
- Virginia G. Piper Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Kristi Barker
- Virginia G. Piper Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Kailash Karthikeyan
- Virginia G. Piper Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Yanyang Tang
- Virginia G. Piper Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Shabana F Pasha
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | - Jonathan A Leighton
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | - Ji Qiu
- Virginia G. Piper Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Joshua LaBaer
- Virginia G. Piper Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
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Alunno A, Bistoni O, Manetti M, Cafaro G, Valentini V, Bartoloni E, Gerli R, Liso A. Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 6 in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Possible Novel Chemotactic Factor? Front Immunol 2017; 8:554. [PMID: 28572803 PMCID: PMC5435743 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Immune cell migration from the bloodstream to target tissues is a hallmark of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) pathogenesis. The role of chemoattractants, mainly chemokines, and their possible targeting for therapeutic purposes have been under intense investigation over the last few years but the results were not as satisfactory as expected. The insulin-like growth factor binding protein 6 (IGFBP6), a direct inhibitor of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-II, also exerts IGF-independent effects including tumor cell migration in vitro. We aimed to assess the expression of this protein in serum, synovial fluid, and synovial tissue (ST) of RA patients and to identify its possible chemotactic role in this disorder. Methods IGFBP6 was measured in RA patients and healthy donors (HD) sera by Luminex xMAP® technology and in ST of RA patients and osteoarthritis (OA) controls by immunofluorescence. The identification of circulating IGFBP6+ cells was evaluated by flow cytometry and an in vitro migration assay was arranged. Results We demonstrated that IGFBP6 is able to induce greater in vitro migration of RA as compared to HD and OA T lymphocytes and is overexpressed in serum and ST of RA patients. This in vitro chemotactic activity can be partially inhibited by dexamethasone. Conclusion Our findings suggest a pathogenic role of IGFBP6 in RA and support its possible targeting for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Alunno
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Onelia Bistoni
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Mirko Manetti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Anatomy and Histology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Giacomo Cafaro
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Valentina Valentini
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Elena Bartoloni
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Roberto Gerli
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Arcangelo Liso
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
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Tang Y, Qiu J, Machner M, LaBaer J. Discovering Protein-Protein Interactions Using Nucleic Acid Programmable Protein Arrays. CURRENT PROTOCOLS IN CELL BIOLOGY 2017; 74:15.21.1-15.21.14. [PMID: 28256722 DOI: 10.1002/cpcb.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We have developed a protocol enabling the study of protein-protein interactions (PPIs) at the proteome level using in vitro-synthesized proteins. Assay preparation requires molecular cloning of the query gene into a vector that supports in vitro transcription/translation (IVTT) and appends a HaloTag to the query protein of interest. In parallel, protein microarrays are prepared by printing plasmids encoding glutathione S-transferase (GST)-tagged target proteins onto a carrier matrix/glass slide coated with antibody directed against GST. At the time of the experiment, the query protein and the target protein are produced separately through IVTT. The query protein is then applied to nucleic acid programmable protein arrays (NAPPA) that display thousands of freshly produced target proteins captured by anti-GST antibody. Interactions between the query and immobilized target proteins are detected through addition of a fluorophore-labeled HaloTag ligand. Our protocol allows the elucidation of PPIs in a high-throughput fashion using proteins produced in vitro, obviating the scientific challenges, high cost, and laborious work, as well as concerns about protein stability, which are usually present in protocols using conventional protein arrays. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyang Tang
- Virginia G. Piper Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona
| | - Ji Qiu
- Virginia G. Piper Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona
| | - Matthias Machner
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Joshua LaBaer
- Virginia G. Piper Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona
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Bian X, Wasserfall C, Wallstrom G, Wang J, Wang H, Barker K, Schatz D, Atkinson M, Qiu J, LaBaer J. Tracking the Antibody Immunome in Type 1 Diabetes Using Protein Arrays. J Proteome Res 2017; 16:195-203. [PMID: 27690455 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.6b00354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
We performed an unbiased proteome-scale profiling of humoral autoimmunity in recent-onset type 1 diabetes (T1D) patients and nondiabetic controls against ∼10 000 human proteins using a Nucleic Acid Programmable Protein Array (NAPPA) platform, complemented by a knowledge-based selection of proteins from genes enriched in human pancreas. Although the global response was similar between cases and controls, we identified and then validated six specific novel T1D-associated autoantibodies (AAbs) with sensitivities that ranged from 16 to 27% at 95% specificity. These included AAbs against PTPRN2, MLH1, MTIF3, PPIL2, NUP50 (from NAPPA screening), and QRFPR (by targeted ELISA). Immunohistochemistry demonstrated that NUP50 protein behaved differently in islet cells, where it stained both nucleus and cytoplasm, compared with only nuclear staining in exocrine pancreas. Conversely, PPIL2 staining was absent in islet cells, despite its presence in exocrine cells. The combination of anti-PTPRN2, -MLH1, -PPIL2, and -QRFPR had an AUC of 0.74 and 37.5% sensitivity at 95% specificity. These data indicate that these markers behave independently and support the use of unbiased screening to find biomarkers because the majority was not predicted based on predicted abundance. Our study enriches the knowledge of the "autoantibody-ome" in unprecedented breadth and width.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofang Bian
- The Virginia G. Piper Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University , Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Clive Wasserfall
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida 32603, United States
| | - Garrick Wallstrom
- The Virginia G. Piper Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University , Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Jie Wang
- The Virginia G. Piper Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University , Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Haoyu Wang
- The Virginia G. Piper Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University , Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Kristi Barker
- The Virginia G. Piper Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University , Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Desmond Schatz
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida 30607, United States
| | - Mark Atkinson
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida 32603, United States
| | - Ji Qiu
- The Virginia G. Piper Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University , Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Joshua LaBaer
- The Virginia G. Piper Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University , Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
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Wang D, Yang L, Zhang P, LaBaer J, Hermjakob H, Li D, Yu X. AAgAtlas 1.0: a human autoantigen database. Nucleic Acids Res 2016; 45:D769-D776. [PMID: 27924021 PMCID: PMC5210642 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkw946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2016] [Revised: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoantibodies refer to antibodies that target self-antigens, which can play pivotal roles in maintaining homeostasis, distinguishing normal from tumor tissue and trigger autoimmune diseases. In the last three decades, tremendous efforts have been devoted to elucidate the generation, evolution and functions of autoantibodies, as well as their target autoantigens. However, reports of these countless previously identified autoantigens are randomly dispersed in the literature. Here, we constructed an AAgAtlas database 1.0 using text-mining and manual curation. We extracted 45 830 autoantigen-related abstracts and 94 313 sentences from PubMed using the keywords of either ‘autoantigen’ or ‘autoantibody’ or their lexical variants, which were further refined to 25 520 abstracts, 43 253 sentences and 3984 candidates by our bio-entity recognizer based on the Protein Ontology. Finally, we identified 1126 genes as human autoantigens and 1071 related human diseases, with which we constructed a human autoantigen database (AAgAtlas database 1.0). The database provides a user-friendly interface to conveniently browse, retrieve and download human autoantigens as well as their associated diseases. The database is freely accessible at http://biokb.ncpsb.org/aagatlas/. We believe this database will be a valuable resource to track and understand human autoantigens as well as to investigate their functions in basic and translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences-Beijing (PHOENIX Center), Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Liuhui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences-Beijing (PHOENIX Center), Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences-Beijing (PHOENIX Center), Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Joshua LaBaer
- The Virginia G. Piper Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Henning Hermjakob
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences-Beijing (PHOENIX Center), Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 102206, China .,European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Dong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences-Beijing (PHOENIX Center), Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Xiaobo Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences-Beijing (PHOENIX Center), Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 102206, China
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