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Han SC, Yun YH. Effect of rape flower on benign prostatic hyperplasia in rats. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/s2175-97902019000418785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Song-Chan Han
- Kim Il Sung University, Democratic People’s Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Hak Yun
- Kim Il Sung University, Democratic People’s Republic of Korea
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Robitaille J, Langlois VS. Consequences of steroid-5α-reductase deficiency and inhibition in vertebrates. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2020; 290:113400. [PMID: 31981690 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2020.113400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
In 1974, a lack of 5α-dihydrotestosterone (5α-DHT), the most potent androgen across species except for fish, was shown to be the origin of a type of pseudohermaphrodism in which boys have female-like external genitalia. This human intersex condition is linked to a mutation in the steroid-5α-reductase type 2 (SRD5α2) gene, which usually produces an important enzyme capable of reducing the Δ4-ene of steroid C-19 and C-21 into a 5α-stereoisomer. Seeing the potential of SRD5α2 as a target for androgen synthesis, pharmaceutical companies developed 5α-reductase inhibitors (5ARIs), such as finasteride (FIN) and dutasteride (DUT) to target SRD5α2 in benign prostatic hyperplasia and androgenic alopecia. In addition to human treatment, the development of 5ARIs also enabled further research of SRD5α functions. Therefore, this review details the morphological, physiological, and molecular effects of the lack of SRD5α activity induced by both SRD5α mutations and inhibitor exposures across species. More specifically, data highlights 1) the role of 5α-DHT in the development of male secondary sexual organs in vertebrates and sex determination in non-mammalian vertebrates, 2) the role of SRD5α1 in the synthesis of the neurosteroid allopregnanolone (ALLO) and 5α-androstane-3α,17β-diol (3α-diol), which are involved in anxiety and sexual behavior, respectively, and 3) the role of SRD5α3 in N-glycosylation. This review also features the lesser known functions of SRD5αs in steroid degradation in the uterus during pregnancy and glucocorticoid clearance in the liver. Additionally, the review describes the regulation of SRD5αs by the receptors of androgens, progesterone, estrogen, and thyroid hormones, as well as their differential DNA methylation. Factors known to be involved in their differential methylation are age, inflammation, and mental stimulation. Overall, this review helps shed light on the various essential functions of SRD5αs across species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Robitaille
- Centre Eau Terre Environnement, Institut national de la recherche scientifique (INRS), Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Valerie S Langlois
- Centre Eau Terre Environnement, Institut national de la recherche scientifique (INRS), Quebec City, QC, Canada.
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Mladenović D, Petronijević N, Stojković T, Velimirović M, Jevtić G, Hrnčić D, Radosavljević T, Rašić-Marković A, Maksić N, Djuric D, Stanojlović O. Finasteride Has Regionally Different Effects on Brain Oxidative Stress and Acetylcholinesterase Activity in Acute Thioacetamide-Induced Hepatic Encephalopathy in Rats. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0134434. [PMID: 26241899 PMCID: PMC4524603 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0134434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Finasteride (FIN) inhibits neurosteroid synthesis and potentially improves the course of hepatic encephalopathy (HE). This study aimed to investigate the effects of FIN on brain oxidative stress and acetylcholinesterase (AchE) activity in acute thioacetamide-induced HE in rats. Male Wistar rats were divided into groups: 1. control; 2. thioacetamide-treated group (TAA; 900 mg/kg); 3. finasteride-treated group (FIN; 150 mg/kg); 4. group treated with FIN and TAA (FIN+TAA). Daily doses of FIN (50 mg/kg) and TAA (300 mg/kg) were administered intraperitoneally during three days and in FIN+TAA group FIN was administered 2h before every dose of TAA. FIN pretreatment prevented TAA-induced rise in malondialdehyde level in the cortex due to restoration of catalase activity and increased expression of superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) and induced an increase in malondialdehyde level in the thalamus due to reduction of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione reductase (GR) activity. Although FIN pretreatment did not affect malondialdehyde level in hippocampus and caudate nucleus, hippocampal SOD1 expression was higher (p<0.05) and GR activity lower in FIN+TAA vs. TAA group (p<0.05). GPx activity was lower in caudate nucleus in FIN+TAA vs. TAA group (p<0.01). FIN pretreatment prevented TAA-induced rise in AchE activity in the thalamus and caudate nucleus and AchE activity correlates inversely in the thalamus (p<0.05) and positively in caudate nucleus (p<0.01) with malondialdehyde level. FIN has regionally selective effects on oxidative stress and AchE activity in the brain in acute TAA-induced HE in rats. The prooxidant role of FIN in the thalamus may be causally linked with inhibition of AchE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dušan Mladenović
- Institute of Pathophysiology "Ljubodrag Buba Mihailovic", Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 9, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nataša Petronijević
- Institute of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Pasterova 2, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tihomir Stojković
- Institute of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Pasterova 2, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milica Velimirović
- Institute of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Pasterova 2, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Gordana Jevtić
- Institute of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Pasterova 2, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dragan Hrnčić
- Institute of Medical Physiology "Richard Burian", Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Višegradska 26/II, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tatjana Radosavljević
- Institute of Pathophysiology "Ljubodrag Buba Mihailovic", Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 9, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Rašić-Marković
- Institute of Medical Physiology "Richard Burian", Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Višegradska 26/II, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nebojša Maksić
- Centre for Medical Biochemistry, Clinical Centre of Serbia, Pasterova 2, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dragan Djuric
- Institute of Medical Physiology "Richard Burian", Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Višegradska 26/II, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Olivera Stanojlović
- Institute of Medical Physiology "Richard Burian", Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Višegradska 26/II, Belgrade, Serbia
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Chen L, Chen H, Yao C, Chang C, Xia H, Zhang C, Zhou Y, Yao Q, Chen K. The toxicity of NaF on BmN cells and a comparative proteomics approach to identify protein expression changes in cells under NaF-stress: impact of NaF on BmN cells. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2015; 286:624-631. [PMID: 25661258 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.12.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Revised: 11/29/2014] [Accepted: 12/27/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Fluorides negatively affect the development of organisms and are a threat to human health and environmental safety. In this study, Bombyx mori N cell line (BmN) were used to explore effects of NaF on insect cells. We found that 8h (hrs) culture with high concentration of NaF (≥ 1 mM) induced significantly morphological changes. Dose-response curves of 72 h continuously cultured BmN treated with NaF showed that the half inhibitory concentration (IC50) value was 56.60 μM. Treatment of BmN with 100 and 300 μM of NaF induced apoptosis and necrosis. 2-D electrophoresis of whole cell extracted from BmN showed that treatment with 300 μM NaF up-regulated 32 proteins and down-regulated 11 proteins when compared with controls. We identified 5 different proteins by MALDI-TOF MS, and 4 of them were identified for the first time, including 2 up-regulated proteins (mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase ALDH2 and prohibitin protein WPH) and 2 down-regulated proteins (calreticulin precursor CRT and DNA supercoiling factor SCF). These observations were further confirmed by fluorescence quantitative PCR. Together, our data suggest that these target proteins could be regarded as targets influenced by NaF and also provide clues for studies on the response metabolism pathway under NaF stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Chen
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, PR China
| | - Huiqing Chen
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, PR China
| | - Chun Yao
- Department of Stomatology, Zhenjiang First People's Hospital, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, PR China
| | - Cheng Chang
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, PR China
| | - Hengchuan Xia
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, PR China
| | - Chunxia Zhang
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, PR China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, PR China
| | - Qin Yao
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, PR China
| | - Keping Chen
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, PR China.
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Chen D, Chan KM. Identification of hepatic copper-binding proteins from tilapia by column chromatography with proteomic approaches. Metallomics 2012; 4:820-34. [PMID: 22699969 DOI: 10.1039/c2mt20057k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Although copper is an essential element, it shows cytotoxic effects when present in excessive amounts with the production of hydroxyl radicals, which can damage phospholipids and enzymes. This necessitates a tight cellular control mechanism for copper homeostasis including its uptake and removal. The high copper contents in the liver of tilapia make this fish a suitable model for the study of copper binding proteins (CBPs). The liver was dissected from tilapia injected with Cu(2+) and cytosolic fractions were separated by using Superdex 75 column chromatography followed by atomic absorption spectrometry. Fractions in two major peaks containing CBPs were analyzed by using differential proteomic approaches, and loaded on a Cu chelating ion-immobilized affinity column (Cu-IMAC). Of the 113 differentially expressed proteins in these two peaks, 28 proteins were found to have copper binding ability, including well-characterized CBPs, such as copper transporter ATP7A and metallothionein. The networks of CBPs built up by Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) would help us to understand the transportation pathway and function of CBPs, which were related to free radical scavenging, cellular development and lipid metabolism. In addition, our results suggest that Cu(2+) would compete with Fe(2+) and Ca(2+) in binding with some target proteins, such as ferritin, transferrin, and calmodulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongshi Chen
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, N.T., Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
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Garcia PV, Barbieri MF, Perobelli JE, Consonni SR, Mesquita SDFP, Kempinas WDG, Pereira LAV. Morphometric-stereological and functional epididymal alterations and a decrease in fertility in rats treated with finasteride and after a 30-day post-treatment recovery period. Fertil Steril 2012; 97:1444-51. [PMID: 22521699 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2012.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2011] [Revised: 03/02/2012] [Accepted: 03/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate morphometric-stereological changes in the epididymal caput, sperm quality, and fertility parameters in rats treated with finasteride and after a 30-day post-treatment recovery period. DESIGN Experimental study in a research laboratory. SETTING Reproductive biology research laboratory. ANIMAL(S) Male and female Sprague Dawley rats. INTERVENTION(S) Treatment with finasteride (5 mg/kg/day) for 56 days followed by 30 days without treatment. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Serum hormone analyses, morphometric-stereological and ultrastructural evaluation of the epididymal caput, sperm transit time, natural mating, in utero insemination, sperm membrane integrity, and fertility parameters. RESULT(S) Serum dihydrotestosterone levels in the finasteride group decreased by ~40% compared with that of control rats. Ultrastructural analysis revealed significant reductions in several morphometric-stereological parameters of the epididymal caput. All parameters recovered significantly in the post-treatment period. There was no alteration in daily sperm production in the finasteride group. However, significant reductions in sperm transit time, motility, sperm membrane integrity, and fertility parameters were observed in rats treated with finasteride. CONCLUSION(S) Treatment with finasteride caused morphometric-stereological and functional changes in the epididymis and in sperm function that led to a reduction in fertility parameters. A 30-day post-treatment recovery period was insufficient to restore normal sperm motility, sperm transit time, and some fertility parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Vianna Garcia
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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7
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Chen DS, Chan KM. Differentially expressed proteins in zebrafish liver cells exposed to copper. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2011; 104:270-277. [PMID: 21641295 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2011.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2011] [Revised: 05/03/2011] [Accepted: 05/07/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Copper is an essential element for normal cellular processes in most eukaryotic organisms, but is toxic in excessive amounts. Different organisms vary in their ability to tolerate copper ions. We have previously studied the mechanism of copper toxicity to a copper tolerance cell line, Hepa T1, from tilapia using a proteomic approach. To compare the differences of proteins' regulation between copper tolerant and sensitive species after copper treatment, the zebrafish liver cell line (ZFL) was used as a model in this study to investigate the mechanism of copper toxicity to zebrafish. After conducting similar experimental procedures in previous Hepa T1 studies, 72 different proteins were identified to be regulated by Cu(2+) (100 μM and 200 μM). More than 50% of these proteins were also found with differentially expressed Hepa T1, indicating that the toxicity mechanism between zebrafish and tilapia was partially conserved. However, the regulation of several proteins in ZFL, related to the reactive oxygen species (ROS) effect, mitochondrion copper transportation and stress response, was quite different from that in tilapia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Shi Chen
- Biochemistry and Environmental Science Programs, School of Life Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, NT, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
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Schmidt LJ, Tindall DJ. Steroid 5 α-reductase inhibitors targeting BPH and prostate cancer. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2011; 125:32-8. [PMID: 20883781 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2010.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2010] [Revised: 09/14/2010] [Accepted: 09/21/2010] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Steroid 5 alpha-reductase inhibitors (5ARIs) have been approved for use clinically in treatment of benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) and accompanying lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and have also been evaluated in clinical trials for prevention and treatment of prostate cancer. There are currently two steroidal inhibitors in use, finasteride and dutasteride, both with distinct pharmacokinetic properties. This review will examine the evidence presented by various studies supporting the use of these steroidal inhibitors in the prevention and treatment of prostate disease. Article from the Special issue on Targeted Inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy J Schmidt
- Department of Urology Research, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, United States
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Machado P, Rostaing P, Guigonis JM, Renner M, Dumoulin A, Samson M, Vannier C, Triller A. Heat shock cognate protein 70 regulates gephyrin clustering. J Neurosci 2011; 31:3-14. [PMID: 21209184 PMCID: PMC6622739 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2533-10.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2010] [Revised: 07/27/2010] [Accepted: 08/02/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Formation and stabilization of postsynaptic glycine receptor (GlyR) clusters result from their association with the polymerized scaffold protein gephyrin. At the cell surface, lateral diffusion and local trapping of GlyR by synaptic gephyrin clusters is one of the main factors controlling their number. However, the mechanisms regulating gephyrin/GlyR cluster sizes are not fully understood. To identify molecular binding partners able to control gephyrin cluster stability, we performed pull-down assays with full-length or truncated gephyrin forms incubated in a rat spinal cord extract, combined with mass spectrometric analysis. We found that heat shock cognate protein 70 (Hsc70), a constitutive member of the heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) family, selectively binds to the gephyrin G-domain. Immunoelectron microscopy of mouse spinal cord sections showed that Hsc70 could be colocalized with gephyrin at inhibitory synapses. Furthermore, ternary Hsc70-gephyrin-GlyR coclusters were formed following transfection of COS-7 cells. Upon overexpression of Hsc70 in mouse spinal cord neurons, synaptic accumulation of gephyrin was significantly decreased, but GlyR amounts were unaffected. In the same way, Hsc70 inhibition increased gephyrin accumulation at inhibitory synapses without modifying GlyR clustering. Single particle tracking experiments revealed that the increase of gephyrin molecules reduced GlyR diffusion rates without altering GlyR residency at synapses. Our findings demonstrate that Hsc70 regulates gephyrin polymerization independently of its interaction with GlyR. Therefore, gephyrin polymerization and synaptic clustering of GlyR are uncoupled events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Machado
- Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1024
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 8197, 75005 Paris, France, and
| | - Philippe Rostaing
- Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1024
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 8197, 75005 Paris, France, and
| | - Jean-Marie Guigonis
- Institut Fédératif de Recherche 50 - Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Faculté de Médecine Pasteur, 06107 Nice, France
| | - Marianne Renner
- Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1024
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 8197, 75005 Paris, France, and
| | - Andréa Dumoulin
- Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1024
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 8197, 75005 Paris, France, and
| | - Michel Samson
- Institut Fédératif de Recherche 50 - Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Faculté de Médecine Pasteur, 06107 Nice, France
| | - Christian Vannier
- Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1024
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 8197, 75005 Paris, France, and
| | - Antoine Triller
- Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1024
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 8197, 75005 Paris, France, and
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Rouquié D, Capt A, Eby WH, Sekar V, Hérouet-Guicheney C. Investigation of endogenous soybean food allergens by using a 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis approach. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2010; 58:S47-53. [PMID: 20932868 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2010.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2010] [Revised: 09/27/2010] [Accepted: 09/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
As part of the safety assessment of genetically modified (GM) soybean, 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis analyses were performed with the isoxaflutole and glyphosate tolerant soybean FG72, its non-GM near-isogenic counterpart (Jack) and three commercial non-GM soybean lines. The objective was to compare the known endogenous human food allergens in seeds in the five different soybean lines in order to evaluate any potential unintended effect(s) of the genetic modification. In total, 37 protein spots representing five well known soybean food allergen groups were quantified in each genotype. Qualitatively, all the allergenic proteins were detected in the different genetic backgrounds. Quantitatively, among 37 protein spots, the levels of accumulation of three allergens were slightly lower in the GM soybean than in the non-GM counterparts. Specifically, while the levels of two of these three allergens fell within the normal range of variation observed in the four non-GM varieties, the level of the third allergen was slightly below the normal range. Overall, there was no significant increase in the level of allergens in FG72 soybean seeds. Therefore, the FG72 soybean can be considered as safe as its non-GM counterpart with regards to endogenous allergenicity. Additional research is needed to evaluate the biological variability in the levels of endogenous soybean allergens and the correlation between level of allergens and allergenic potential in order to improve the interpretation of these data in the safety assessment of GM soybean context.
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Eikenberry SE, Nagy JD, Kuang Y. The evolutionary impact of androgen levels on prostate cancer in a multi-scale mathematical model. Biol Direct 2010; 5:24. [PMID: 20406442 PMCID: PMC2885348 DOI: 10.1186/1745-6150-5-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2010] [Accepted: 04/20/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Androgens bind to the androgen receptor (AR) in prostate cells and are essential survival factors for healthy prostate epithelium. Most untreated prostate cancers retain some dependence upon the AR and respond, at least transiently, to androgen ablation therapy. However, the relationship between endogenous androgen levels and cancer etiology is unclear. High levels of androgens have traditionally been viewed as driving abnormal proliferation leading to cancer, but it has also been suggested that low levels of androgen could induce selective pressure for abnormal cells. We formulate a mathematical model of androgen regulated prostate growth to study the effects of abnormal androgen levels on selection for pre-malignant phenotypes in early prostate cancer development. Results We find that cell turnover rate increases with decreasing androgen levels, which may increase the rate of mutation and malignant evolution. We model the evolution of a heterogeneous prostate cell population using a continuous state-transition model. Using this model we study selection for AR expression under different androgen levels and find that low androgen environments, caused either by low serum testosterone or by reduced 5α-reductase activity, select more strongly for elevated AR expression than do normal environments. High androgen actually slightly reduces selective pressure for AR upregulation. Moreover, our results suggest that an aberrant androgen environment may delay progression to a malignant phenotype, but result in a more dangerous cancer should one arise. Conclusions The model represents a useful initial framework for understanding the role of androgens in prostate cancer etiology, and it suggests that low androgen levels can increase selection for phenotypes resistant to hormonal therapy that may also be more aggressive. Moreover, clinical treatment with 5α-reductase inhibitors such as finasteride may increase the incidence of therapy resistant cancers. Reviewers This article was reviewed by Ariosto S. Silva (nominated by Marek Kimmel) and Marek Kimmel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen E Eikenberry
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
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12
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Zhou J, Cai ZH, Li L, Gao YF, Hutchinson TH. A proteomics based approach to assessing the toxicity of bisphenol A and diallyl phthalate to the abalone (Haliotis diversicolor supertexta). CHEMOSPHERE 2010; 79:595-604. [PMID: 20189630 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.01.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2009] [Revised: 01/13/2010] [Accepted: 01/28/2010] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The contamination of marine ecosystems by endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) is of great concern. Protein expression profile maybe a good method to help us understand the molecular mechanisms of EDCs-toxicity to aquatic organisms. In this study, the abalone (Haliotis diversicolor supertexta), was selected as the target organism. Toxicological effects of two reference endocrine disruptors: diallyl phthalate (DAP, 50microgL(-1)) and bisphenol-A (BPA, 100microgL(-1)) were investigated after a three months static-renewal exposure on abalones using proteomics to analyze their hepatopancreas tissues. Some enzyme activity parameters of hepatopancreas extracts were also performed, including Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase, Ca(2+)-Mg(2+)-ATPase, peroxidase (POD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) production. After analyzing the proteomics profile of hepatopancreas by 2D gel electrophoresis, we found that 24 spots significantly increased or decreased at protein expression level (2-fold difference) in the 2D-maps from the treatment groups. Eighteen out of 24 protein spots were successfully identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization tandem time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS). These proteins can be roughly categorized into diverse functional classes such as detoxification, oxidative stress, hormone regulating, cellular metabolism and innate immunity. In addition, the enzymatic results indicated that DAP/BPA exposure affected the oxidative stress status and the cellular homeostasis, which partly corroborated the proteomics' results. Taken together, these data demonstrate that proteomics is a powerful tool to provide valuable insights into possible mechanisms of toxicity of EDCs contaminants in aquatic species. Additionally, the results highlight the potential of abalone as a valuable candidate for investigating EDCs impacts on marine ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhou
- Life Sciences Division, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, PR China
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13
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Briedé JJ, van Delft JMH, de Kok TMCM, van Herwijnen MHM, Maas LM, Gottschalk RWH, Kleinjans JCS. Global gene expression analysis reveals differences in cellular responses to hydroxyl- and superoxide anion radical-induced oxidative stress in caco-2 cells. Toxicol Sci 2009; 114:193-203. [PMID: 20044591 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfp309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species-induced oxidative stress in the colon is involved in inflammatory bowel diseases and suggested to be associated with colorectal cancer risk. However, our insight in molecular responses to different oxygen radicals is still fragmentary. Therefore, we studied global gene expression by an extensive time series (0.08, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, or 24 h) analyses in human colon cancer (caco-2) cells after exposure to H(2)O(2) or the superoxide anion donor menadione. Differences in gene expression were investigated by hybridization on two-color microarrays against nonexposed time-matched control cells. Next to gene expression, correlations with related phenotypic markers (8-oxodG levels and cell cycle arrest) were investigated. Gene expression analysis resulted in 1404 differentially expressed genes upon H(2)O(2) challenge and 979 genes after menadione treatment. Further analysis of gene expression data revealed how these oxidant responses can be discriminated. Time-dependent coregulated genes immediately showed a pulse-like response to H(2)O(2), while the menadione-induced expression is not restored over 24 h. Pathway analyses demonstrated that H(2)O(2) immediately influences pathways involved in the immune function, while menadione constantly regulated cell cycle-related pathways Altogether, this study offers a novel and detailed insight in the similarities and differences of the time-dependent oxidative stress responses induced by the oxidants H(2)O(2) and menadione and show that these can be discriminated regarding their modulation of particular colon carcinogenesis-related mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob J Briedé
- Netherlands Toxicogenomics Centre, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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Lebrun P, Cognard E, Bellon-Paul R, Gontard P, Filloux C, Jehl-Pietri C, Grimaldi P, Samson M, Pénicaud L, Ruberte J, Ferre T, Pujol A, Bosch F, Van Obberghen E. Constitutive expression of suppressor of cytokine signalling-3 in skeletal muscle leads to reduced mobility and overweight in mice. Diabetologia 2009; 52:2201-12. [PMID: 19672574 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-009-1474-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2009] [Accepted: 06/22/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Due to their ability to regulate various signalling pathways (cytokines, hormones, growth factors), the suppressor of cytokine signalling (SOCS) proteins are thought to be promising therapeutic targets for metabolic and inflammatory disorders. Hence, their role in vivo has to be precisely determined. METHODS We generated transgenic mice constitutively producing SOCS-3 in skeletal muscle to define whether the sole abundance of SOCS-3 is sufficient to induce metabolic disorders and whether SOCS-3 is implicated in physiological roles distinct from metabolism. RESULTS We demonstrate here that chronic expression of SOCS-3 in skeletal muscle leads to overweight in mice and worsening of high-fat diet-induced systemic insulin resistance. Counter-intuitively, insulin sensitivity in muscle of transgenic mice appears to be unaltered. However, following constitutive SOCS-3 production, several genes had deregulated expression, among them other members of the SOCS family. This could maintain the insulin signal into skeletal muscle. Interestingly, we found that SOCS-3 interacts with calcineurin, which has been implicated in muscle contractility. In Socs-3 transgenic muscle, this leads to delocalisation of calcineurin to the fibre periphery. Relevant to this finding, Socs-3 transgenic animals had dilatation of the sarcoplasmic reticulum associated with swollen mitochondria and decreased voluntary activity. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Our results show that constitutive SOCS-3 production in skeletal muscle is not in itself sufficient to induce the establishment of metabolic disorders such as diabetes. In contrast, we reveal a novel role of SOCS-3, which appears to be important for muscle integrity and locomotor activity.
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Li J, Kim J. Molecular Profiles of Finasteride Effects on Prostate Carcinogenesis: Figure 1. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2009; 2:518-24. [DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-08-0241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Bertin S, Samson M, Pons C, Guigonis JM, Gavelli A, Baqué P, Brossette N, Pagnotta S, Ricci JE, Pierrefite-Carle V. Comparative proteomics study reveals that bacterial CpG motifs induce tumor cell autophagy in vitro and in vivo. Mol Cell Proteomics 2008; 7:2311-22. [PMID: 18632594 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m800100-mcp200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Unmethylated CpG dinucleotides, present in bacterial DNA, are recognized in vertebrates via the Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) and are known to act as an anticancer agent by stimulating immune cells to induce a proinflammatory response. Although the effects of CpG-oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG-ODNs) in immune cells have been widely studied, little is known regarding their molecular effects in TLR9-positive tumor cells. To better understand the role of these bacterial motifs in cancer cells, we analyzed proteome modifications induced in TLR9-positive tumor cells in vitro and in vivo after CpG-ODN treatment in a rat colon carcinoma model. Proteomics analysis of tumor cells by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis followed by mass spectrometry identified several proteins modulated by bacterial CpG motifs. Among them, several are related to autophagy including potential autophagic substrates. In addition, we observed an increased glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase expression, which has been shown to be sufficient to trigger an autophagic process. Autophagy is a self-digestion pathway whereby cytoplasmic material is sequestered by a structure termed the autophagosome for subsequent degradation and recycling. As bacteria are known to trigger autophagy, we assessed whether bacterial CpG motifs might induce autophagy in TLR9-positive tumor cells. We showed that CpG-ODN can induce autophagy in rodent and human tumor cell lines and was TLR9-dependent. In addition, an increase in the number of autophagosomes can also be observed in vivo after CpG motif intratumoral injection. Our findings bring new insights on the effect of bacterial CpG motifs in tumor cells and may be relevant for cancer treatment and more generally for gene therapy approaches in TLR9-positive tissues.
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Starita-Geribaldi M, Samson M, Guigonis JM, Pointis G, Fenichel P. Modified expression of cytoplasmic isocitrate dehydrogenase electrophoretic isoforms in seminal plasma of men with sertoli-cell-only syndrome and seminoma. Mol Carcinog 2008; 47:410-4. [DOI: 10.1002/mc.20401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Tinwell H, Friry-Santini C, Rouquié D, Belluco S, Elies L, Pallen C, Bars R. Evaluation of the Antiandrogenic Effects of Flutamide, DDE, and Linuron in the Weanling Rat Assay Using Organ Weight, Histopathological, and Proteomic Approaches. Toxicol Sci 2007; 100:54-65. [PMID: 17686919 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfm208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) is currently funding the validation of the Hershberger assay as a rapid in vivo means of identifying (anti-) androgens. However, as the assay measures weight changes in the androgen-sensitive tissues of castrated rats, the evaluation of the androgen-stimulated intact weanling as a more ethical model to use in the assay has been requested. As part of the OECD validation exercise two weak antiandrogens, 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(4 chlorophenyl)ethane (DDE) and linuron (LIN), were investigated in our laboratory at several dose levels in the testosterone propionate (TP)-stimulated weanling using flutamide (FM) as a positive control. In addition to weight measurements (sex accessory tissues [SATs], epididymides, and testes), histopathological assessment of the seminal vesicles, prostate, and testes was conducted for vehicle control, TP-stimulated, and TP-stimulated animals treated with FM or the top dose level of DDE or LIN. The modulation of a novel prostate protein associated with apoptosis, L-amino acid oxidase (LAO), was evaluated in these same treatment groups. Our gravimetric data (supported by the histopathology data) indicated that the weanling assay can detect SAT and epididymal weight changes induced by the antiandrogens evaluated. Inconsistent and variable data were recorded for the testicular weight and histopathological effects, suggesting that the testis is of little value in the identification of antiandrogens using this model. Three isoforms of LAO were identified, and all were regulated by TP. Modulation of LAO by the antiandrogens indicated that this protein could be a biomarker for endocrine disruption in male rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Tinwell
- Department of Research Toxicology, Bayer CropScience, 06903 Sophia-Antipolis, France.
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