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Jiang H, Zhang S, Chen Y, Wang F, Jiang W. Preparation and characterization of curdlan-chitosan conjugate nanoparticles as mucosal adjuvants for intranasal influenza H1N1 subunit vaccine. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 266:131289. [PMID: 38570002 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Intranasal vaccination offers crucial protection against influenza virus pandemics. However, antigens, especially subunit antigens, often fail to induce effective immune responses without the help of immune adjuvants. Our research has demonstrated that a polyelectrolyte complex, composed of curdlan sulfate/O-(2-hydroxyl) propyl-3-trimethyl ammonium chitosan chloride (CS/O-HTCC), effectively triggers both mucosal and systemic immune responses when administrated intranasal. In this study, stable nanoparticles formed by curdlan-O-HTCC conjugate (CO NP) were prepared and characterized. Furthermore, the efficacy of CO NP was evaluated as a mucosal adjuvant in an intranasal influenza H1N1 subunit vaccine. The results revealed that CO NP exhibits uniform and spherical morphology, with a size of 190.53 ± 4.22 nm, and notably, it remains stable in PBS at 4 °C for up to 6 weeks. Biological evaluation demonstrated that CO NP stimulates the activation of antigen-presenting cells (APCs), including macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs), both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, intranasal administration of CO NP effectively elicits cellular and humoral immune responses, notably enhancing mucosal immunity. Thus, CO NP emerges as a promising mucosal adjuvant for influenza subunit vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honglei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Institute of Biochemical and Biotechnological Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Shu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Institute of Biochemical and Biotechnological Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China; Clinical Trial Center, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Yipan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Institute of Biochemical and Biotechnological Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China; NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Carbohydrate-based Medicine, National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Fengshan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Institute of Biochemical and Biotechnological Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China; NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Carbohydrate-based Medicine, National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China.
| | - Wenjie Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Institute of Biochemical and Biotechnological Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China; NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Carbohydrate-based Medicine, National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China.
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Zarenezhad E, Kanaan MHG, Abdollah SS, Vakil MK, Marzi M, Mazarzaei A, Ghasemian A. Metallic Nanoparticles: Their Potential Role in Breast Cancer Immunotherapy via Trained Immunity Provocation. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11051245. [PMID: 37238916 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11051245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Owing to drawbacks in the current common cancer therapies including surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy, the development of more reliable, low toxic, cost-effective and specific approaches such as immunotherapy is crucial. Breast cancer is among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality with a developed anticancer resistance. Accordingly, we attempted to uncover the efficacy of metallic nanoparticles (MNPs)-based breast cancer immunotherapy emphasizing trained immunity provocation or innate immunity adaptation. Due to the immunosuppressive nature of the tumor microenvironment (TME) and the poor infiltration of immune cells, the potentiation of an immune response or direct combat is a goal employing NPs as a burgeoning field. During the recent decades, the adaptation of the innate immunity responses against infectious diseases and cancer has been recognized. Although the data is in a scarcity with regard to a trained immunity function in breast cancer cells' elimination, this study introduced the potential of this arm of immunity adaptation using MNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Zarenezhad
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa 7461686688, Iran
| | - Manal Hadi Ghaffoori Kanaan
- Department of Agriculture, Technical Institute of Suwaria, Middle Technical University, Baghdad 9768876516, Iraq
| | - Sura Saad Abdollah
- Suwaria Primary Health Care Sector, Wassit Health Office, Sharjah 9668866516, Iraq
| | - Mohammad Kazem Vakil
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa 7461686688, Iran
| | - Mahrokh Marzi
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa 7461686688, Iran
| | - Abdulbaset Mazarzaei
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iranshahr University of Medical Sciences, Iranshahr 7618815676, Iran
| | - Abdolmajid Ghasemian
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa 7461686688, Iran
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3
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Freire Haddad H, Roe EF, Collier JH. Expanding opportunities to engineer mucosal vaccination with biomaterials. Biomater Sci 2023; 11:1625-1647. [PMID: 36723064 DOI: 10.1039/d2bm01694j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Mucosal vaccines are receiving increasing interest both for protecting against infectious diseases and for inducing therapeutic immune responses to treat non-infectious diseases. However, the mucosal barriers of the lungs, gastrointestinal tract, genitourinary tract, nasal, and oral tissues each present unique challenges for constructing efficacious vaccines. Vaccination through each of these mucosae requires transport through the mucus and across specialized epithelia to reach tissue-specific immune cells and lymphoid structures, necessitating finely tuned and multifunctional strategies. Serving as inspiration for mucosal vaccine design, pathogens have evolved elaborate, diverse, and multipronged approaches to penetrate and infect mucosae. This review is focused on biomaterials-based strategies, many inspired by pathogens, for designing mucosal vaccine platforms. Passive and active technologies are discussed, along with the microbial processes that they seek to mimic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Freire Haddad
- Theodore Kennedy Professor of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, 101 Science Drive, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
| | - Emily F Roe
- Theodore Kennedy Professor of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, 101 Science Drive, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
| | - Joel H Collier
- Theodore Kennedy Professor of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, 101 Science Drive, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
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Santos Júnior SRD, Barbalho FV, Nosanchuk JD, Amaral AC, Taborda CP. Biodistribution and Adjuvant Effect of an Intranasal Vaccine Based on Chitosan Nanoparticles against Paracoccidioidomycosis. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:jof9020245. [PMID: 36836359 PMCID: PMC9964167 DOI: 10.3390/jof9020245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is a fungal infection caused by the thermodimorphic Paracoccidioides sp. PCM mainly affects the lungs, but, if it is not contained by the immune response, the disease can spread systemically. An immune response derived predominantly from Th1 and Th17 T cell subsets facilitates the elimination of Paracoccidioides cells. In the present work, we evaluated the biodistribution of a prototype vaccine based on the immunodominant and protective P. brasiliensis P10 peptide within chitosan nanoparticles in BALB/c mice infected with P. brasiliensis strain 18 (Pb18). The generated fluorescent (FITC or Cy5.5) or non-fluorescent chitosan nanoparticles ranged in diameter from 230 to 350 nm, and both displayed a Z potential of +20 mV. Most chitosan nanoparticles were found in the upper airway, with smaller amounts localized in the trachea and lungs. The nanoparticles complexed or associated with the P10 peptide were able to reduce the fungal load, and the use of the chitosan nanoparticles reduced the necessary number of doses to achieve fungal reduction. Both vaccines were able to induce a Th1 and Th17 immune response. These data demonstrates that the chitosan P10 nanoparticles are an excellent candidate vaccine for the treatment of PCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Rodrigues Dos Santos Júnior
- Laboratory of Pathogenic Dimorphic Fungi, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508000, Brazil
- Correspondence: (S.R.D.S.J.); (C.P.T.)
| | - Filipe Vieira Barbalho
- Laboratory of Pathogenic Dimorphic Fungi, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508000, Brazil
| | - Joshua D. Nosanchuk
- Department of Medicine and Department of Microbiology and Immunology—The Bronx, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Andre Correa Amaral
- Laboratory of Nano&Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia 74605050, Brazil
| | - Carlos Pelleschi Taborda
- Laboratory of Pathogenic Dimorphic Fungi, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508000, Brazil
- Laboratory of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine/IMT/SP-LIM53, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05403000, Brazil
- Correspondence: (S.R.D.S.J.); (C.P.T.)
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Wu YW, Wang WY, Chen YH. Positively charged nanocomplex modulates dendritic cell differentiation to enhance Th1 immune response. Mater Today Bio 2022; 17:100480. [PMID: 36353390 PMCID: PMC9638821 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2022.100480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Most existing vaccines use activators that polarize the immune response to T-helper (Th) 2 response for antibody production. Our positively charged chitosan (Cs)-based nanocomplex (CNC) drives the Th1 response through unknown mechanisms. As receptors for the positively charged CNC are not determined, the physico-chemical properties are hypothesized to correlate with its immunomodulatory effects. To clarify the effects of surface charge and size on the immune response, smaller CNC and negatively charged CNC encapsulating ovalbumin are tested on dendritic cell (DC) 2.4 cells. The negatively charged CNC loses activity, but the smaller CNC does not. To further evaluate the material effects, we replace Cs by poly-amino acids. Compared with the negatively charged nanocomplex, the positively charged one preserves its activity. Using immature bone marrow-derived DCs (BMDC) enriched from BALB/c mice as a model to analyze DC differentiation, treatments with positively charged nanocomplexes evidently increase the proportions of Langerin+ dermal DC, CD11blo interstitial DC, and CD8a+ conventional DC. Additionally, vaccination with two doses containing positively charged nanocomplexes are safe and increase ovalbumin-specific IgG and recall T-cell responses in mice. Overall, a positive charge seems to contribute to the immunological effect of nanocomplexes on elevating the Th1 response by modulating DC differentiation.
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6
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Multifunctional role of chitosan in farm animals: a comprehensive review. ANNALS OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.2478/aoas-2022-0054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The deacetylation of chitin results in chitosan, a fibrous-like material. It may be produced in large quantities since the raw material (chitin) is plentiful in nature as a component of crustacean (shrimps and crabs) and insect hard outer skeletons, as well as the cell walls of some fungi. Chitosan is a nontoxic, biodegradable, and biocompatible polygluchitosanamine that contains two essential reactive functional groups, including amino and hydroxyl groups. This unique chemical structure confers chitosan with many biological functions and activities such as antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, antitumor, immunostimulatory and hypocholesterolemic, when used as a feed additive for farm animals. Studies have indicated the beneficial effects of chitosan on animal health and performance, aside from its safer use as an antibiotic alternative. This review aimed to highlight the effects of chitosan on animal health and performance when used as a promising feed additive.
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Song D, Jin Y, Shi Y, Xia Y, Peng G. The carbon catabolite repressor CreA is an essential virulence factor of Metarhizium acridum against Locusta migratoria. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2022; 78:3676-3684. [PMID: 35613131 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CreA has been proved to be a core gene in asexual conidiation in Metarhizium acridum, which regulates the shift of normal conidiation and microcycle conidiation. At present, research on CreA in fungi has focused on carbon source metabolism. There is a lack of research on the effect of CreA in virulence of pathogenic fungi. RESULTS The virulence of the MaCreA disrupted strain (ΔMaCreA) for Locusta migratoria was lost by topical inoculation bioassay. The formation rate and turgor pressure of the appressoria decreased. Growth of ΔMaCreA in host hemolymph was delayed, and the number of hyphal bodies was significantly reduced. The conidial cell wall of ΔMaCreA became thicker, the mannan content decreased, and the chitin content increased significantly, and it was more sensitive to calcofluor white and Congo Red. α-1,3-Glucan and β-1,3-glucan are more exposed on the surface of ΔMaCreA conidia than on the wild type. Lmspätzle and Lmcactus, the immune response genes in the host Toll pathway, showed stronger transcriptional activities at the early stage of ΔMaCreA invasion. The phenoloxidase activity assay also showed stronger immunostimulation by ΔMaCreA in vitro. CONCLUSION The main reasons for the loss of virulence of ΔMaCreA in the topical inoculation were the reduced penetration ability of appressoria, limited growth in hemolymph and stronger insect immunostimulation of ΔMaCreA. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxu Song
- Genetic Engineering Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Fungal Insecticide, Chongqing, China
| | - Yumei Jin
- Genetic Engineering Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Fungal Insecticide, Chongqing, China
| | - Youhui Shi
- Genetic Engineering Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Fungal Insecticide, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuxian Xia
- Genetic Engineering Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Fungal Insecticide, Chongqing, China
| | - Guoxiong Peng
- Genetic Engineering Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Fungal Insecticide, Chongqing, China
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8
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Wen J, Niu X, Chen S, Chen Z, Wu S, Wang X, Yong Y, Liu X, Yu Z, Ma X, Abd El-Aty A, Ju X. Chitosan oligosaccharide improves the mucosal immunity of small intestine through activating SIgA production in mice: Proteomic analysis. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 109:108826. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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9
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Functionalized chitosan as a promising platform for cancer immunotherapy: A review. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 290:119452. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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10
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An oral vaccine based on chitosan/aluminum adjuvant induces both local and systemic immune responses in turbot (Scophthalmus maximus). Vaccine 2021; 39:7477-7484. [PMID: 34844823 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.10.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Oral vaccination is the most convenient method for disease protection in aquaculture due to possibility of adding vaccines as part of fish diet. However, low protective efficiency is the major problem of oral vaccination owing to some reasons, especially for antigens degradation. In this study, we developed an oral inactivated vaccine based on a chitosan/aluminum adjuvant system, and investigated immune response induced by the vaccine. As a result, Th1 and Th2 cells mediated immune responses were observed after the vaccination according to the upregulation of IL-6, IL-12, IFNγ and IgM genes expression that were deemed as the driver cytokines for triggering the responses. Moreover, ratio of IgT+/IgM+ B cells was elevated in intestine after vaccination, while IgM antibodies were also observed in the sera of vaccinated fish, suggested that both local and systemic immune responses were induced by the inactivated vaccine. Totally, this oral vaccine can be used for V. anguillarum protection and this chitosan/aluminum system is an efficient candidate adjuvant for developing more vaccines in the future.
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11
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Li X, Xing R, Xu C, Liu S, Qin Y, Li K, Yu H, Li P. Immunostimulatory effect of chitosan and quaternary chitosan: A review of potential vaccine adjuvants. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 264:118050. [PMID: 33910752 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Vaccines have always been the most effective preventive treatment. Advancements in the field of vaccine is inseparable from adjuvants. Adjuvants are substances added to vaccines to enhance immunogenicity and induce a stronger immune response. Chitosan fascinated considerable attention as vaccine adjuvant due to its unique physicochemical and biological properties. Many studies have shown that chitosan and its derivatives can effectively activate antigen-presenting cells and induce cytokine stimulation to produce an effective immune response and promote the balance of Th1/Th2 response. Among many derivatives, the quaternized chitosan performs better. This review presents the main factors affecting the adjuvant performance of chitosan and quaternized chitosan firstly. Then, we introduced not only the immune response they may cause, but also their metabolic research in detail. Furthermore, their future prospects are forecasted. Overall, chitosan and quaternized chitosan are both promising adjuvant materials, and quaternized chitosan shows greater potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Li
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), No. 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao, 266237, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ronge Xing
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), No. 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao, 266237, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Chaojie Xu
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), No. 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao, 266237, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Song Liu
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), No. 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Yukun Qin
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), No. 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Kecheng Li
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), No. 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Huahua Yu
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), No. 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Pengcheng Li
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), No. 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao, 266237, China
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12
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Lampe AT, Farris EJ, Brown DM, Pannier AK. High- and low-molecular-weight chitosan act as adjuvants during single-dose influenza A virus protein vaccination through distinct mechanisms. Biotechnol Bioeng 2020; 118:1224-1243. [PMID: 33289090 PMCID: PMC7897297 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The investigation of new adjuvants is essential for the development of efficacious vaccines. Chitosan (CS), a derivative of chitin, has been shown to act as an adjuvant, improving vaccine-induced immune responses. However, the effect of CS molecular weight (MW) on this adjuvanticity has not been investigated, despite MW having been shown to impact CS biological properties. Here, two MW variants of CS were investigated for their ability to enhance vaccine-elicited immune responses in vitro and in vivo, using a single-dose influenza A virus (IAV) protein vaccine model. Both low-molecular-weight (LMW) and high-molecular-weight (HMW) CS-induced interferon regulatory factor pathway signaling, antigen-presenting cell activation, and cytokine messenger RNA (mRNA) production, with LMW inducing higher mRNA levels at 24 h and HMW elevating mRNA responses at 48 h. LMW and HMW CS also induced adaptive immune responses after vaccination, indicated by enhanced immunoglobulin G production in mice receiving LMW CS and increased CD4 interleukin 4 (IL-4) and IL-2 production in mice receiving HMW CS. Importantly, both LMW and HMW CS adjuvantation reduced morbidity following homologous IAV challenge. Taken together, these results support that LMW and HMW CS can act as adjuvants, although this protection may be mediated through distinct mechanisms based on CS MW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna T Lampe
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA.,Nebraska Center for Virology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Eric J Farris
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Deborah M Brown
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA.,Nebraska Center for Virology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA.,Trudeau Institute, Saranac Lake, NY, USA
| | - Angela K Pannier
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
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13
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Castro F, Pinto ML, Pereira CL, Serre K, Barbosa MA, Vermaelen K, Gärtner F, Gonçalves RM, De Wever O, Oliveira MJ. Chitosan/γ-PGA nanoparticles-based immunotherapy as adjuvant to radiotherapy in breast cancer. Biomaterials 2020; 257:120218. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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14
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Jesus S, Marques AP, Duarte A, Soares E, Costa JP, Colaço M, Schmutz M, Som C, Borchard G, Wick P, Borges O. Chitosan Nanoparticles: Shedding Light on Immunotoxicity and Hemocompatibility. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:100. [PMID: 32154232 PMCID: PMC7047933 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) assumed an important role in the area of drug delivery. Despite the number of studies including NPs are growing over the last years, their side effects on the immune system are often ignored or omitted. One of the most studied polymers in the nano based drug delivery system field is chitosan (Chit). In the scientific literature, although the physicochemical properties [molecular weight (MW) or deacetylation degree (DDA)] of the chitosan, endotoxin contamination and appropriate testing controls are rarely reported, they can strongly influence immunotoxicity results. The present work aimed to study the immunotoxicity of NPs produced with different DDA and MW Chit polymers and to benchmark it against the polymer itself. Chit NPs were prepared based on the ionic gelation of Chit with sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP). This method allowed the production of two different NPs: Chit 80% NPs (80% DDA) and Chit 93% NPs (93% DDA). In general, we found greater reduction in cell viability induced by Chit NPs than the respective Chit polymers when tested in vitro using human peripheral blood monocytes (PBMCs) or RAW 264.7 cell line. In addition, Chit 80% NPs were more cytotoxic for PBMCs, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production (above 156 μg/mL) in the RAW 264.7 cell line and interfered with the intrinsic pathway of coagulation (at 1 mg/mL) when compared to Chit 93% NPs. On the other hand, only Chit 93% NPs induced platelet aggregation (at 2 mg/mL). Although Chit NPs and Chit polymers did not stimulate the nitric oxide (NO) production in RAW 264.7 cells, they induced a decrease in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced NO production at all tested concentrations. None of Chit NPs and polymers caused hemolysis, nor induced PBMCs to secrete TNF-α and IL-6 cytokines. From the obtained results we concluded that the DDA of the Chit polymer and the size of Chit NPs influence the in vitro immunotoxicity results. As the NPs are more cytotoxic than the corresponding polymers, one should be careful in the extrapolation of trends from the polymer to the NPs, and in the comparisons among delivery systems prepared with different DDA chitosans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Jesus
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Patrícia Marques
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Alana Duarte
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Edna Soares
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João Panão Costa
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Mariana Colaço
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Mélanie Schmutz
- Laboratory for Technology and Society, Empa Swiss Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Som
- Laboratory for Technology and Society, Empa Swiss Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Gerrit Borchard
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Peter Wick
- Laboratory for Particles-Biology Interactions, Empa Swiss Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Olga Borges
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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15
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Secretome Analysis of Mouse Dendritic Cells Interacting with a Probiotic Strain of Lactobacillus gasseri. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12020555. [PMID: 32093322 PMCID: PMC7071482 DOI: 10.3390/nu12020555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Probiotics play a key role in the modulation of the gut immune system in health and disease and their action is mediated by molecules exposed on the microorganism surface or secreted probiotic-derived factors. In particular, Lactobacillus gasseri OLL2809, a probiotic microorganism isolated from human feces, has the potential to modulate various immune responses. The dendritic cells (DCs) are considered the main players in orchestrating the immune response, and their contact with intestinal microbiota is crucial for the development and homeostasis of gut immunity. To gain a perspective on the molecular mechanisms involved in the maturation process of DCs and investigate factors that could modulate these processes, a differential proteomic analysis was performed on the secretome of immature DCs, mature DCs (mDCs, induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)), and immature DCs challenged with L. gasseri OLL2809 before treatment with LPS (LGmDCs). The maturation process of DCs was associated to profound changes in the protein secretome and probiotic pre-treatment led to a dramatic modulation of several secreted proteins of mDC, not only classical immune mediators (i.e., cytokines, complement factors, T cell Receptor ligands) but also proteins involved in the contractile and desmosome machineries. The latter data highlight a novel mechanism by which L. gasseri can modulate the maturation process of DCs, reinforcing the concept of a protective anti-inflammatory role ascribed to this probiotic strain.
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16
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Renu S, Markazi AD, Dhakal S, Lakshmanappa YS, Shanmugasundaram R, Selvaraj RK, Renukaradhya GJ. Oral Deliverable Mucoadhesive Chitosan- Salmonella Subunit Nanovaccine for Layer Chickens. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:761-777. [PMID: 32099364 PMCID: PMC7006855 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s238445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Salmonellosis in poultry is a serious economic burden. A major concern is the public health hazard caused by consumption of Salmonella-contaminated poultry products. Currently used Salmonella vaccines are ineffective in combating poultry Salmonellosis warranting the need of a potent vaccine, especially an oral vaccine that can elicit robust local intestinal immunity. MATERIALS AND METHODS A Salmonella subunit chitosan nanoparticles (NPs)-based vaccine was prepared that contained immunogenic outer membrane proteins (OMPs) and -flagellin (F) protein (OMPs-F-CS NPs). OMPs-F-CS NPs were administered as an oral vaccine in layer chickens and the resultant humoral and cell-mediated immune responses and localization of NPs were examined using standard detection methods. RESULTS We demonstrated targeting of surface F-protein coated chitosan NPs to immune cells when delivered orally to layer chickens, the particles were localized in ileal Peyer's patches. The OMPs-F-CS NPs vaccinated layer chickens had significantly higher OMPs-specific mucosal IgA production and lymphocyte proliferation response. The candidate vaccine increased the expression of toll-like receptor (TLR)-2, TLR-4, IFN-γ, TGF-ß and IL-4 mRNA expression in chicken cecal tonsils. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrated that the chitosan-based oral Salmonella nanovaccine targets immune cells of chickens and induced antigen-specific B and T cell responses. This candidate oral Salmonella nanovaccine has the potential to mitigate Salmonellosis in poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sankar Renu
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster, OH 44691, USA and Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH43210, USA
| | - Ashley D Markazi
- Department of Animal Sciences, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Santosh Dhakal
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster, OH 44691, USA and Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH43210, USA
| | - Yashavanth S Lakshmanappa
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster, OH 44691, USA and Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH43210, USA
| | - Revathi Shanmugasundaram
- Department of Animal Sciences, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Ramesh K Selvaraj
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA30602, USA
| | - Gourapura J Renukaradhya
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster, OH 44691, USA and Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH43210, USA
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17
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Crecente-Campo J, Virgilio T, Morone D, Calviño-Sampedro C, Fernández-Mariño I, Olivera A, Varela-Calvino R, González SF, Alonso MJ. Design of polymeric nanocapsules to improve their lympho-targeting capacity. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2019; 14:3013-3033. [PMID: 31696773 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2019-0206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: To design lympho-targeted nanocarriers with the capacity to enhance the activity of associated drugs/antigens whose target is within the lymphatic system. Materials & methods: Inulin (INU)-based nanocapsules (NCs), negatively charged and positively charged chitosan NCs were prepared by the solvent displacement techniques. The NCs were produced in two sizes: small (70 nm) and medium (170-250 nm). Results: In vitro results indicated that small NCs interacted more efficiently with dendritic cells than the larger ones. The study of the NCs biodistribution in mice, using 3D reconstruction of the popliteal lymph node, showed that small INU NCs have the greatest access and uniform accumulation in different subsets of resident immune cells. Conclusion: Small and negatively charged INU NCs have a potential as lympho-targeted antigen/drug nanocarriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Crecente-Campo
- Center for Research in Molecular Medicine & Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), School of Pharmacy, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Vida, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Tommaso Virgilio
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera Italiana, via Vincenzo Vela 6, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland.,Graduate School of Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Diego Morone
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera Italiana, via Vincenzo Vela 6, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Cristina Calviño-Sampedro
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, School of Pharmacy, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Vida s/n, 15782 Santiago, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Iago Fernández-Mariño
- Center for Research in Molecular Medicine & Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), School of Pharmacy, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Vida, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ana Olivera
- Center for Research in Molecular Medicine & Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), School of Pharmacy, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Vida, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Rubén Varela-Calvino
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, School of Pharmacy, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Vida s/n, 15782 Santiago, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Santiago F González
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera Italiana, via Vincenzo Vela 6, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - María J Alonso
- Center for Research in Molecular Medicine & Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), School of Pharmacy, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Vida, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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18
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Yousefi S, Abbassi-Daloii T, Tahmoorespur M, Sekhavati MH. Nanoparticle or conventional adjuvants: which one improves immune response against Brucellosis? IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2019; 22:360-366. [PMID: 31168339 PMCID: PMC6535204 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2019.31748.7642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Objective(s): Brucellosis is a common infectious disease among animals and humans. While subunit vaccines could be used as an efficient strategy against pathogens, they usually seem to be less immunogenic than live or killed vaccines. However, the use of a suitable adjuvant accompanied by subunit vaccines can be a good alternative to enhance the immune response. Materials and Methods: To find a proper adjuvant against Brucellosis, the immune response of induced mice by Aluminum Hydroxide (AH), Incomplete Freund (IFA), and Chitosan Nanoparticle (CS) adjuvants in individuals and in combination with CS were assessed. Results: Immunization with CS stimulated higher interferon gamma (IFN-γ) immunity, while there were no significant differences between rOMP25 (IFA), rOMP25 (AH), rOMP25 (AH-CS) and rOMP25 (IFA-CS) recombinant proteins. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) analysis revealed there were no significant differencesbetween immunized groups and the positive control group, except for the treatment formulated in single IFA. Furthermore, unlike IFN-γ, there was a reverse interleukin-4 (IL-4) immune response trend for treatments, as rOMP25 (CS) displayed the lowest response. rOMP25 (CS) induced higher titer of total antibody than the other ones. Although the recombinant proteins emulsified in different adjuvants induced similar titer of IgG1 antibody, the ones that were formulated in CS, IFA and IFA-CS showed a higher titer of IgG2a. The cell proliferation assay demonstrating the antigen-specific cell proliferative response could be promoted after immunization with CS. Conclusion: CS whether single or in combination with IF adjuvants has potential to improve Th1-Th2 responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soheil Yousefi
- Department of Animal Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
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19
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Da Silva J, Jesus S, Bernardi N, Colaço M, Borges O. Poly(D,L-Lactic Acid) Nanoparticle Size Reduction Increases Its Immunotoxicity. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2019; 7:137. [PMID: 31245366 PMCID: PMC6562307 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2019.00137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Polylactic acid (PLA), a biodegradable and biocompatible polymer produced from renewable resources, has been widely used as a nanoparticulate platform for antigen and drug delivery. Despite generally regarded as safe, its immunotoxicological profile, when used as a polymeric nanoparticle (NP), is not well-documented. Thus, this study intends to address this gap, by evaluating the toxicity of two different sized PLA NPs (PLAA NPs and PLAB NPs), produced by two nanoprecipitation methods and extensively characterized regarding their physicochemical properties in in vitro experimental conditions. After production, PLAA NPs mean diameter (187.9 ± 36.9 nm) was superior to PLAB NPs (109.1 ± 10.4 nm). Interestingly, when in RPMI medium, both presented similar mean size (around 100 nm) and neutral zeta potential, possibly explaining the similarity between their cytotoxicity profile in PBMCs. On the other hand, in DMEM medium, PLAA NPs presented smaller mean diameter (75.3 ± 9.8 nm) when compared to PLAB NPs (161.9 ± 8.2 nm), which may explain its higher toxicity in RAW 264.7. Likewise, PLAA NPs induced a higher dose-dependent ROS production. Irrespective of size differences, none of the PLA NPs presented an inflammatory potential (NO production) or a hemolytic activity in human blood. The results herein presented suggest the hypothesis, to be tested in the future, that PLA NPs presenting a smaller sized population possess increased cytotoxicity. Furthermore, this study emphasizes the importance of interpreting results based on adequate physicochemical characterization of nanoformulations in biological medium. As observed, small differences in size triggered by the dispersion in cell culture medium can have repercussions on toxicity, and if not correctly evaluated can lead to misinterpretations, and subsequent ambiguous conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Da Silva
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sandra Jesus
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Natália Bernardi
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Mariana Colaço
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Olga Borges
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Coimbra, Portugal
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20
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Zhao Y, Xu G, Wang S, Yi X, Wu W. Chitosan oligosaccharides alleviate PM 2.5-induced lung inflammation in rats. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:34221-34227. [PMID: 30291606 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3365-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution of particulate matter (PM), especially PM2.5, has become a major public health problem in China. Exploration of therapeutic and preventive measures against PM2.5 toxicity is of practical significance. The aim of this study was to examine the inhibitory effects of chitosan oligosaccharides (COS) on PM2.5-induced lung inflammation in rats. Forty SPF (specific pathogen-free) male Wistar rats weighing 200-220 g were randomly divided into four groups: control group, COS group, PM2.5 group, and PM2.5+COS group. COS was pre-administered to rats by gavage at a single dose of 500 mg/kg 2 h before intratracheal instillation of PM2.5 at a single dose of 1.2 mg/kg daily for 3 consecutive days. Normal saline (NS) was used as negative control. Twenty-four hours after the last instillation of PM2.5, rats were sacrificed and subjected to bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). The BAL fluids (BALF) were collected for measurement of levels of total proteins, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), interleukin-1 (IL-1β), IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor-ɑ (TNF-ɑ) using colorimetric or ELISA kits. Levels of total proteins, LDH activities, and pro-inflammatory mediators including IL-1β, IL-8, and TNF-ɑ in BALF of rats in PM2.5 group significantly increased in comparison with those of the control group. Pre-treatment of rats with COS markedly blocked PM2.5-induced increase in LDH, IL-8, and TNF-ɑ levels in BALF. In conclusion, PM2.5 exposure induces rat lung inflammation, which could be ameliorated by the pre-treatment of COS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingzheng Zhao
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, 601 Jinsui Street, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangcui Xu
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, 601 Jinsui Street, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Shouying Wang
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, 601 Jinsui Street, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianwen Yi
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, 601 Jinsui Street, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Weidong Wu
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, 601 Jinsui Street, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan Province, People's Republic of China.
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21
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Tran TN, Doan CT, Nguyen VB, Nguyen AD, Wang SL. The isolation of chitinase from Streptomyces thermocarboxydus and its application in the preparation of chitin oligomers. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-018-3639-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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22
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Daneshmandi S, Pourfathollah AA, Forouzandeh-Moghaddam M. Enhanced CD40 and ICOSL expression on dendritic cells surface improve anti-tumor immune responses; effectiveness of mRNA/chitosan nanoparticles. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2018; 40:375-386. [PMID: 30265161 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2018.1510959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To improve dendritic cells (DCs) function, we targeted DCs to over express CD40 and inducible costimulator ligand (ICOSL) costimulatory molecules along with total messenger RNA (mRNA) of tumor cells to achieve a safe and effective system for treatment of tumor. Materials and methods: We generated CD40 and ICOSL mRNA in vitro and manipulated DCs using chitosan nanoparticles and also lipofectamine transfection system then examined in vitro and in vivo. Results: Mice bone marrow derived DCs pulsed with total tumor mRNA/CD40 mRNA or ICOSL mRNA showed higher expression of DCs maturation markers (CD40, ICOSL, CD86, and MHC-II) and accelerated secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Co-culture of DCs with T cells enhanced proliferation of T cells and shift toward stronger Th1 cytokine responses especially in presence of CD40 over expressed DCs. Intra-tumor administration of manipulated DCs to 4T1 tumor mice model showed delay in growth of tumor volume, trend to increase in mice survival, and stronger anti-tumor cytokines production in splenocytes of mice model (with higher efficacy of mRNA/chitosan nanoparticle system). Conclusions: Hence, we suggest that targeting intra-tumor DCs to elicit expression of CD40 and ICOSL and present broad range of tumor antigens could yield effective anti-tumor responses. In this regard, CD40 molecule manipulation trigger stronger functions, while mRNA/chitosan nanoparticles system could provide a high potent tool for targeting strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Daneshmandi
- a Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences , Tarbiat Modares University , Tehran , Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Pourfathollah
- a Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences , Tarbiat Modares University , Tehran , Iran
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23
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Shetab Boushehri MA, Lamprecht A. TLR4-Based Immunotherapeutics in Cancer: A Review of the Achievements and Shortcomings. Mol Pharm 2018; 15:4777-4800. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b00691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Alf Lamprecht
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Bonn, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
- PEPITE EA4267, Univ. Bourgonge Franch-Comte, 25030 Besançon, France
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24
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Rajput MKS, Kesharwani SS, Kumar S, Muley P, Narisetty S, Tummala H. Dendritic Cell-Targeted Nanovaccine Delivery System Prepared with an Immune-Active Polymer. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:27589-27602. [PMID: 30048112 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b02019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Targeting dendritic cells (DCs), either ex vivo (Ex. Sipuleucel-T) or in vivo, for stimulating cellular immunity has been a leading approach for cancer vaccines. We have rationally engineered a nanoparticle (NP)-based delivery system for vaccines (InAc-NPs) using inulin acetate (InAc) as the polymer to target DCs. The material and the antigen-encapsulated InAc-NPs (∼190 nm in diameter) were characterized for their physicochemical properties. As a potent vaccine adjuvant, InAc-NPs activated TLR4 on multiple immune cells, including DCs and primary swine and human cells, to secrete various cytokines as detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. In addition, InAc-NPs promoted the maturation of DCs as observed by a decreased phagocytic ability and enhanced capability to activate various maturation markers (MHC-I, MHC-II, CD40, and CD80) quantified using flow cytometry. In mice, the InAc-NPs produced strong serum antibody titers (total IgG, IgG1, and IgG2a) against the encapsulated antigen (ovalbumin) similar to complete Freund's adjuvant. Additionally, as a dose-sparing delivery system, antigen delivered through InAc-NPs generated higher antibody titers (IgG1, 1.57 times; IgG-total, 1.66 times; and IgG2a, 29.8 times) even at 100 times less antigen dose. High amounts of cytokines representing both humoral (IL4 and IL10) and cell-mediated (IL2 and IFN-γ) immunities were secreted from splenocytes of mice immunized with InAc-NPs. Importantly, InAc-NPs provided complete protection in 100% of the vaccinated mice from metastasis of intravenously injected melanoma cells (B16-F10) to lungs. In addition, the InAc-NPs were cleared from the injection site within 30 h of injection (in vivo imaging) and displayed no toxicity at the injection site (histology). The current study demonstrates that the multifunctional InAc-based nanovaccine delivery system has potential applications in cancer immunotherapy and delivering vaccines against various infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mrigendra K S Rajput
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , South Dakota State University , Box 2202C, Brookings , South Dakota 57007 , United States
- Department of Biological Sciences , Arkansas Tech University , Russellville , Arkansas 72801 , United States
| | - Siddharth S Kesharwani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , South Dakota State University , Box 2202C, Brookings , South Dakota 57007 , United States
| | - Sunny Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , South Dakota State University , Box 2202C, Brookings , South Dakota 57007 , United States
| | - Pratik Muley
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , South Dakota State University , Box 2202C, Brookings , South Dakota 57007 , United States
| | - Susmitha Narisetty
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , South Dakota State University , Box 2202C, Brookings , South Dakota 57007 , United States
| | - Hemachand Tummala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , South Dakota State University , Box 2202C, Brookings , South Dakota 57007 , United States
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25
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Crecente-Campo J, Lorenzo-Abalde S, Mora A, Marzoa J, Csaba N, Blanco J, González-Fernández Á, Alonso MJ. Bilayer polymeric nanocapsules: A formulation approach for a thermostable and adjuvanted E. coli antigen vaccine. J Control Release 2018; 286:20-32. [PMID: 30017722 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
One of the strategies used to improve the immunogenicity of purified protein antigens has relied on their association with synthetic nanocarriers, which, in general, have functioned as simple antigen containers. Here, we present a more advanced strategy based on the design of an antigen nanocarrier at the molecular level. The nanocarrier is composed of a vitamin E oily core, surrounded by two layers: a first layer of chitosan and a second of dextran sulphate. The selected antigen, IutA protein from Escherichia coli, was harboured between the two polymeric layers. The final bilayer nanocapsules had a nanometric size (≈ 200 nm), a negative zeta potential (< -40 mV) and a good antigen association efficiency (≈ 70%). The bilayer architecture led to an improvement on the formulation stability and the controlled release of the associated antigen. Remarkably, after being administered to mice, bilayer nanocapsules elicited higher IgG levels than those obtained with antigen precipitated with Alum. Moreover, freeze-dried nanocapsules were stable at room temperature for, at least, 3 months. These promising data, in addition to their contribution to the development of an uropathogenic E. coli vaccine, has allowed us to validate these novel bilayer nanocapsules as adequate platforms for the delivery of protein antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Crecente-Campo
- Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Campus Vida, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain
| | - Silvia Lorenzo-Abalde
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CINBIO) (Centro Singular de Investigación de Galicia), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Galicia Sur (IISGS), Campus Universitario, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, 36310, Spain
| | - Azucena Mora
- Laboratorio de Referencia de E. coli (LREC), Departamento de Microbioloxía e Parasitoloxía, Facultade de Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - Juan Marzoa
- Laboratorio de Referencia de E. coli (LREC), Departamento de Microbioloxía e Parasitoloxía, Facultade de Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - Noemi Csaba
- Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Campus Vida, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain
| | - Jorge Blanco
- Laboratorio de Referencia de E. coli (LREC), Departamento de Microbioloxía e Parasitoloxía, Facultade de Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - África González-Fernández
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CINBIO) (Centro Singular de Investigación de Galicia), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Galicia Sur (IISGS), Campus Universitario, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, 36310, Spain
| | - María José Alonso
- Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Campus Vida, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain.
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26
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Xu YQ, Xing YY, Wang ZQ, Yan SM, Shi BL. Pre-protective effects of dietary chitosan supplementation against oxidative stress induced by diquat in weaned piglets. Cell Stress Chaperones 2018; 23:703-710. [PMID: 29455342 PMCID: PMC6045548 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-018-0882-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 01/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The protective effects of chitosan (CS) supplementations on oxidative stress induced by diquat in weaned piglets were investigated. A total of 36 crossbreed piglets with an average live body weight (BW) of 8.80 ± 0.53 kg were weaned at 28 ± 2 days and randomly divided into six dietary treatments (n = 6): control (basal diet), negative control (10 mg diquat/kg BW injected to piglets fed with basal diet), and basal diet treatments containing either 250, 500, 1000, or 2000 mg/kg of CS administered to piglets injected with 10 mg diquat/kg BW. The experiment conducted for 21 days which consisted of pre-starter period (14 days) and starter period (7 days). BW, feed intake, and fecal consistency were monitored. Blood samples were collected to determine antioxidative and immune parameters. CS supplementation improved the growth performance and decreased fecal score of piglets from days 1 to 14. Diquat also induced oxidative stress and inflammatory responses by decreasing the activities of antioxidant and regulating cytokines. But dietary CS alleviated these negative effects induced by diquat that showed decreasing serum concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines but increasing activities of antioxidant enzymes and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Results indicated that CS attenuated the oxidative stress of piglets caused by diquat injection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Q Xu
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China
| | - Y Y Xing
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China
| | - Z Q Wang
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China
| | - S M Yan
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China
| | - B L Shi
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China.
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Vemireddy S, M.C. PP, Halmuthur M. SK. Chitosan stabilized nasal emulsion delivery system for effective humoral and cellular response against recombinant tetravalent dengue antigen. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 190:129-138. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.02.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Revised: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Nantachit N, Sunintaboon P, Ubol S. EDIII-DENV3 nanospheres drive immature dendritic cells into a mature phenotype in an in vitro model. Microbiol Immunol 2018; 61:305-317. [PMID: 28603864 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Domain III of E protein of dengue virus (DENV) is a target for vaccine development. Unfortunately, this protein based platform has low general immunogenicity. To circumvent this problem, the use of an adjuvant-nanoparticle delivery system to facilitate immunogenicity of soluble DENV-EDIII protein was investigated. One of the key features of this delivery system is its ability to simultaneously deliver antigens and exert adjuvanticity on specialized immune cells. In this study, N-trimethyl chitosan (TMC) nanoparticles (NPs) were generated to be used as adjuvant and carrier for soluble E-domain III of dengue virus serotype 3 (sEDIII-D3). Using ionotropic gelation, purified sEDIII-D3 was encapsulated into TMC NPs to form EDIII-D3 TMC NPs. After optimization, EDIII-D3 TMC particles exhibited a loading efficiency of 81% and a loading capacity of 41%. The immunogenicity of EDIII-D3 TMC NPs was tested using monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MoDCs). It was found that EDIII-D3 TMC NPs were well taken up by MoDCs. In addition, EDIII-D3 TMC NP treated MoDCs significantly upregulated maturation markers (CD80, CD83, CD86 and HLA-DR) and induced secretion of various cytokines and chemokines (IFN-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-2, IL-12p70, IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-10, IL-8, MCP-1, macrophage inflammatory protein-1β, granulocyte-colony stimulating factor, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and IL-7). These results indicate that EDIII-D3 TMC NPs are potent immunogens, at least in vitro, with the ability to induce maturation of DCs and highlight the potential use of TMC NPs for enhancing immunogenicity of a non-replicating dengue vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nattika Nantachit
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Panya Sunintaboon
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Sukathida Ubol
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
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Li X, Dong W, Nalin AP, Wang Y, Pan P, Xu B, Zhang Y, Tun S, Zhang J, Wang LS, He X, Caligiuri MA, Yu J. The natural product chitosan enhances the anti-tumor activity of natural killer cells by activating dendritic cells. Oncoimmunology 2018; 7:e1431085. [PMID: 29872557 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2018.1431085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural products comprise an important class of biologically active molecules. Many of these compounds derived from natural sources exhibit specific physiologic or biochemical effects. An example of a natural product is chitosan, which is enriched in the shells of certain seafood that are frequently consumed worldwide. Like other natural products, chitosan has the potential for applications in clinical medicine and perhaps in cancer therapy. Toward this end, the immunomodulatory or anti-cancer properties of chitosan have yet to be reported. In this study, we discovered that chitosan enhanced the anti-tumor activity of natural killer (NK) cells by activating dendritic cells (DCs). In the presence of DCs, chitosan augmented IFN-γ production by human NK cells. Mechanistically, chitosan activated DCs to express pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-12 and IL-15, which in turn activated the STAT4 and NF-κB signaling pathways, respectively, in NK cells. Moreover, chitosan promoted NK cell survival, and also enhanced NK cell cytotoxicity against leukemia cells. Finally, a related in vivo study demonstrated that chitosan activated NK cells against B16F10 tumor cells in an immunocompetent syngeneic murine melanoma model. This effect was accompanied by in vivo upregulation of IL-12 and IL-15 in DCs, as well as increased IFN-γ production and cytolytic degranulation in NK cells. Collectively, our results demonstrate that chitosan activates DCs leading to enhanced capacity for immune surveillance by NK cells. We believe that our study has future clinical applications for chitosan in the prevention or treatment of cancer and infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Li
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA.,Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wenjuan Dong
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Ansel P Nalin
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Yufeng Wang
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Pan Pan
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Bo Xu
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Yibo Zhang
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Steven Tun
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jianying Zhang
- Center for Biostatistics, Department of Bioinformatics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Li-Shu Wang
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Xiaoming He
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Michael A Caligiuri
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA.,Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.,The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jianhua Yu
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA.,Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.,The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH, USA
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Biodegradable Chitosan Decreases the Immune Response to Trichinella spiralis in Mice. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22112008. [PMID: 29156562 PMCID: PMC6150330 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22112008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 11/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential of chitosan units released during natural degradation of the polymer to activate the immune system against T. spiralis infection. High molecular weight chitosan was injected intraperitoneally into C57BL/6 mice. Flow cytometry and cytokine concentration, measured by ELISA, were used to characterize peritoneal cell populations during T. spiralis infection. The strong chemo-attractive properties of chitosan caused considerable infiltration into the peritoneal cavity of CD11b+ cells, with reduced expression of MHC class II, CD80, CD86, Dectin-1 or CD23 receptors in comparison to T. spiralis-infected mice. After prolonged chitosan biodegradation, cell populations expressing IL-4R, MR and Dectin-1 receptors were found to coexist with elevated IL-6, IL-10, TGF-β and IgA production. IgA cross-reacted with T. spiralis antigen and chitosan. It was found that chitosan treatment attracted immune cells with low activity, which resulted in the number of nematodes increasing. The glucosamine and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues were recognized by wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) lectin and therefore any biodegradable chitosan units may actively downregulate the immune response to the parasite. The findings are relevant for both people and animals treated with chitosan preparations.
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Castro F, Pinto ML, Silva AM, Pereira CL, Teixeira GQ, Gomez-Lazaro M, Santos SG, Barbosa MA, Gonçalves RM, Oliveira MJ. Pro-inflammatory chitosan/poly(γ-glutamic acid) nanoparticles modulate human antigen-presenting cells phenotype and revert their pro-invasive capacity. Acta Biomater 2017; 63:96-109. [PMID: 28919508 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Anticancer immune responses depend on efficient presentation of tumor antigens and co-stimulatory signals provided by antigen-presenting cells (APCs). However, it is described that immature dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages at the tumor site may have an immunosuppressive profile, which limits the activity of effector T cells and supports tumor progression. Therapeutic targeting of these innate immune cells, either aiming at their elimination or re-polarization towards an immunostimulatory profile, has been pointed as an attractive approach to control tumor progression. In the present work, we assessed the potential of Chitosan (Ch)/Poly(γ-glutamic acid) (γ-PGA) nanoparticles (NPs) to modulate macrophages and DCs inflammatory profile and to impair their ability to promote cancer cell invasion. Interestingly, Ch/γ-PGA NPs, prepared by co-acervation method, induced an immunostimulatory DCs phenotype, enhancing the expression of the co-stimulatory molecules CD86, CD40 and HLA-DR, and the secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-12p40 and IL-6. Furthermore, Ch/γ-PGA NPs re-educated IL-10-stimulated macrophages towards a pro-inflammatory profile, decreasing the expression of CD163 and promoting the secretion of IL-12p40 and TNF-α. These alterations in the immune cells phenotype promoted CD4+ and CD8+ T cell activation/proliferation and partially inhibited APCs' ability to induce colorectal cancer cell invasion. Overall, our findings open new perspectives on the use of Ch/γ-PGA NPs as an immunomodulatory therapy for antigen-presenting cells reprogramming, providing a new tool for anticancer therapies. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The immune system is responsible to detect and destroy abnormal cells preventing the development of cancer. However, the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment can compromise the immune response favoring tumor progression. Thus, immune system modulation towards an immunostimulatory profile can improve anticancer therapies. This research focus on the development of chitosan/poly(γ-glutamic acid) nanoparticles (NPs) to modulate human antigen-presenting cells (APCs) phenotype and to counteract their pro-invasive capacity. Interestingly, Ch/γ-PGA NPs had a prominent effect in inducing macrophages and dendritic cells immunostimulatory phenotype, thus favoring T cell proliferation and inhibiting colorectal cancer cell invasion. We propose that their combination with other immunomodulatory drugs or conventional anticancer therapies can improve patients' outcome.
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Mokhtar H, Biffar L, Somavarapu S, Frossard JP, McGowan S, Pedrera M, Strong R, Edwards JC, Garcia-Durán M, Rodriguez MJ, Stewart GR, Steinbach F, Graham SP. Evaluation of hydrophobic chitosan-based particulate formulations of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus vaccine candidate T cell antigens. Vet Microbiol 2017; 209:66-74. [PMID: 28228336 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2017.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
PRRS control is hampered by the inadequacies of existing vaccines to combat the extreme diversity of circulating viruses. Since immune clearance of PRRSV infection may not be dependent on the development of neutralising antibodies and the identification of broadly-neutralising antibody epitopes have proven elusive, we hypothesised that conserved T cell antigens represent potential candidates for development of a novel PRRS vaccine. Previously we had identified the M and NSP5 proteins as well-conserved targets of polyfunctional CD8 and CD4 T cells. To assess their vaccine potential, peptides representing M and NSP5 were encapsulated in hydrophobically-modified chitosan particles adjuvanted by incorporation of a synthetic multi-TLR2/TLR7 agonist and coated with a model B cell PRRSV antigen. For comparison, empty particles and adjuvanted particles encapsulating inactivated PRRSV-1 were prepared. Vaccination with the particulate formulations induced antigen-specific antibody responses, which were most pronounced following booster immunisation. M and NSP5-specific CD4, but not CD8, T cell IFN-γ reactivity was measurable following the booster immunisation in a proportion of animals vaccinated with peptide-loaded particles. Upon challenge, CD4 and CD8 T cell reactivity was detected in all groups, with the greatest responses being detected in the peptide vaccinated group but with limited evidence of an enhanced control of viraemia. Analysis of the lungs during the resolution of infection showed significant M/NSP5 specific IFN-γ responses from CD8 rather than CD4 T cells. Vaccine primed CD8 T cell responses may therefore be required for protection and future work should focus on enhancing the cross-presentation of M/NSP5 to CD8 T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Mokhtar
- Virology Department, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Addlestone, KT15 3NB, United Kingdom; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - Lucia Biffar
- Virology Department, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Addlestone, KT15 3NB, United Kingdom
| | - Satyanarayana Somavarapu
- School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom
| | - Jean-Pierre Frossard
- Virology Department, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Addlestone, KT15 3NB, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah McGowan
- Virology Department, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Addlestone, KT15 3NB, United Kingdom
| | - Miriam Pedrera
- Virology Department, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Addlestone, KT15 3NB, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca Strong
- Virology Department, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Addlestone, KT15 3NB, United Kingdom
| | - Jane C Edwards
- Virology Department, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Addlestone, KT15 3NB, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Graham R Stewart
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - Falko Steinbach
- Virology Department, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Addlestone, KT15 3NB, United Kingdom; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - Simon P Graham
- Virology Department, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Addlestone, KT15 3NB, United Kingdom; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, United Kingdom.
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Xie C, Wu X, Long C, Wang Q, Fan Z, Li S, Yin Y. Chitosan oligosaccharide affects antioxidant defense capacity and placental amino acids transport of sows. BMC Vet Res 2016; 12:243. [PMID: 27806719 PMCID: PMC5094001 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-016-0872-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chitosan oligosaccharide (COS) is widely consumed as a functional food due to its multiple health effects, but few studies about COS supplement on placental antioxidant and nutrition transport capacity were reported. Taken pregnant sow as a model, we aimed to investigate the effects of dietary COS supplementation during late gestation on placental amino acids transport and antioxidant defense capacity of sows. From day (d) 85 of gestation to parturition, sixteen pregnant sows were divided into a control group (basal diet without COS supplementation) and a COS group (30 mg COS/kg basal diet). Plasma sample of sow was collected on d 110 of gestation, and placenta tissue was obtained during parturition. Then plasma antioxidant enzyme's activities, the relative level of oxidant stress related genes, amino acids transport related genes and mTOR pathway molecules in placenta were determined. RESULTS Results showed that maternal dietary supplementation with COS increased (P < 0.05) plasma total SOD, caused a downtrend in plasma MDA (0.05 < P < 0.10) on d 110 of gestation. Interestingly, the mRNA expression of some antioxidant genes in the placenta were increased (P < 0.05) and pro-inflammatory cytokines were reduced (P < 0.05) by COS supplement, whereas no significant difference was observed in the activities of placental total SOD and CAT between two groups. Additionally, further study demonstrated that COS feeding stimulated mTOR signaling pathway, increased amino acids transporters expression in placenta. CONCLUSIONS These observations suggested that COS supplement in sow's diet during late gestation enhanced antioxidant defense capacity of sows, promoted placental amino acids transport, which may contribute to the health of sows and development of fetus during gestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Xie
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, 410125, China
- Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha, 410125, Hunan, China
| | - Xin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, 410125, China.
- Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha, 410125, Hunan, China.
- Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, CICAPS, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China.
| | - Cimin Long
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, 410125, China
- Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha, 410125, Hunan, China
| | - Qinhua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, 410125, China
- Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha, 410125, Hunan, China
- Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, CICAPS, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Zhiyong Fan
- Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, CICAPS, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Siming Li
- Institute of Animal Science, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, 330200, China
| | - Yulong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, 410125, China.
- Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha, 410125, Hunan, China.
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Ravindranathan S, Koppolu BP, Smith SG, Zaharoff DA. Effect of Chitosan Properties on Immunoreactivity. Mar Drugs 2016; 14:md14050091. [PMID: 27187416 PMCID: PMC4882565 DOI: 10.3390/md14050091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Revised: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitosan is a widely investigated biopolymer in drug and gene delivery, tissue engineering and vaccine development. However, the immune response to chitosan is not clearly understood due to contradicting results in literature regarding its immunoreactivity. Thus, in this study, we analyzed effects of various biochemical properties, namely degree of deacetylation (DDA), viscosity/polymer length and endotoxin levels, on immune responses by antigen presenting cells (APCs). Chitosan solutions from various sources were treated with mouse and human APCs (macrophages and/or dendritic cells) and the amount of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) released by the cells was used as an indicator of immunoreactivity. Our results indicate that only endotoxin content and not DDA or viscosity influenced chitosan-induced immune responses. Our data also indicate that low endotoxin chitosan (<0.01 EU/mg) ranging from 20 to 600 cP and 80% to 97% DDA is essentially inert. This study emphasizes the need for more complete characterization and purification of chitosan in preclinical studies in order for this valuable biomaterial to achieve widespread clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sruthi Ravindranathan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA.
| | - Bhanu Prasanth Koppolu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA.
| | - Sean G Smith
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA.
| | - David A Zaharoff
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA.
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The Vaccine Adjuvant Chitosan Promotes Cellular Immunity via DNA Sensor cGAS-STING-Dependent Induction of Type I Interferons. Immunity 2016; 44:597-608. [PMID: 26944200 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2016.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 385] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Revised: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The cationic polysaccharide chitosan is an attractive candidate adjuvant capable of driving potent cell-mediated immunity, but the mechanism by which it acts is not clear. We show that chitosan promotes dendritic cell maturation by inducing type I interferons (IFNs) and enhances antigen-specific T helper 1 (Th1) responses in a type I IFN receptor-dependent manner. The induction of type I IFNs, IFN-stimulated genes and dendritic cell maturation by chitosan required the cytoplasmic DNA sensor cGAS and STING, implicating this pathway in dendritic cell activation. Additionally, this process was dependent on mitochondrial reactive oxygen species and the presence of cytoplasmic DNA. Chitosan-mediated enhancement of antigen specific Th1 and immunoglobulin G2c responses following vaccination was dependent on both cGAS and STING. These findings demonstrate that a cationic polymer can engage the STING-cGAS pathway to trigger innate and adaptive immune responses.
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Chitosan-based mucosal adjuvants: Sunrise on the ocean. Vaccine 2015; 33:5997-6010. [PMID: 26271831 PMCID: PMC7185844 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.07.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Revised: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Metabolism and safety profile of chitosan and its derivatives on mucosal application. Mechanisms of chitosan as potent mucosal adjuvant. Different types and forms of chitosan in pre-clinical applications. Clinical perspectives.
Mucosal vaccination, which is shown to elicit systemic and mucosal immune responses, serves as a non-invasive and convenient alternative to parenteral administration, with stronger capability in combatting diseases at the site of entry. The exploration of potent mucosal adjuvants is emerging as a significant area, based on the continued necessity to amplify the immune responses to a wide array of antigens that are poorly immunogenic at the mucosal sites. As one of the inspirations from the ocean, chitosan-based mucosal adjuvants have been developed with unique advantages, such as, ability of mucosal adhesion, distinct trait of opening the junctions to allow the paracellular transport of antigen, good tolerability and biocompatibility, which guaranteed the great potential in capitalizing on their application in human clinical trials. In this review, the state of art of chitosan and its derivatives as mucosal adjuvants, including thermo-sensitive chitosan system as mucosal adjuvant that were newly developed by author's group, was described, as well as the clinical application perspective. After a brief introduction of mucosal adjuvants, chitosan and its derivatives as robust immune potentiator were discussed in detail and depth, in regard to the metabolism, safety profile, mode of actions and preclinical and clinical applications, which may shed light on the massive clinical application of chitosan as mucosal adjuvant.
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Schnell G, Boeuf A, Westermann B, Jaulhac B, Lipsker D, Carapito C, Boulanger N, Ehret-Sabatier L. Discovery and targeted proteomics on cutaneous biopsies infected by borrelia to investigate lyme disease. Mol Cell Proteomics 2015; 14:1254-64. [PMID: 25713121 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m114.046540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Lyme disease is the most important vector-borne disease in the Northern hemisphere and represents a major public health challenge with insufficient means of reliable diagnosis. Skin is rarely investigated in proteomics but constitutes in the case of Lyme disease the key interface where the pathogens can enter, persist, and multiply. Therefore, we investigated proteomics on skin samples to detect Borrelia proteins directly in cutaneous biopsies in a robust and specific way. We first set up a discovery gel prefractionation-LC-MS/MS approach on a murine model infected by Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto that allowed the identification of 25 Borrelia proteins among more than 1300 mouse proteins. Then we developed a targeted gel prefractionation-LC-selected reaction monitoring (SRM) assay to detect 9/33 Borrelia proteins/peptides in mouse skin tissue samples using heavy labeled synthetic peptides. We successfully transferred this assay from the mouse model to human skin biopsies (naturally infected by Borrelia), and we were able to detect two Borrelia proteins: OspC and flagellin. Considering the extreme variability of OspC, we developed an extended SRM assay to target a large set of variants. This assay afforded the detection of nine peptides belonging to either OspC or flagellin in human skin biopsies. We further shortened the sample preparation and showed that Borrelia is detectable in mouse and human skin biopsies by directly using a liquid digestion followed by LC-SRM analysis without any prefractionation. This study thus shows that a targeted SRM approach is a promising tool for the early direct diagnosis of Lyme disease with high sensitivity (<10 fmol of OspC/mg of human skin biopsy).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilles Schnell
- From the ‡Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique, Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien, UMR 7178 CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, 67087 Strasbourg, France
| | - Amandine Boeuf
- From the ‡Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique, Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien, UMR 7178 CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, 67087 Strasbourg, France
| | - Benoît Westermann
- From the ‡Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique, Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien, UMR 7178 CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, 67087 Strasbourg, France
| | - Benoît Jaulhac
- ‖EA7290, Virulence bactérienne précoce, groupe Borréliose de Lyme, Facultés de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, 67091 Strasbourg, France, and
| | - Dan Lipsker
- **Faculté de Médecine, Université de Strasbourg et Clinique Dermatologique, Hôpitaux Universitaires, 67091 Strasbourg, France
| | - Christine Carapito
- From the ‡Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique, Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien, UMR 7178 CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, 67087 Strasbourg, France
| | - Nathalie Boulanger
- ‖EA7290, Virulence bactérienne précoce, groupe Borréliose de Lyme, Facultés de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, 67091 Strasbourg, France, and
| | - Laurence Ehret-Sabatier
- From the ‡Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique, Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien, UMR 7178 CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, 67087 Strasbourg, France,
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Schnell G, Boeuf A, Jaulhac B, Boulanger N, Collin E, Barthel C, De Martino S, Ehret-Sabatier L. Proteomic analysis of three Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato native species and disseminating clones: relevance for Lyme vaccine design. Proteomics 2015; 15:1280-90. [PMID: 25475896 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201400177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Revised: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Lyme borreliosis is the most important vector-borne disease in the Northern hemisphere. It is caused by Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato bacteria transmitted to humans by the bite of hard ticks, Ixodes spp. Although antibiotic treatments are efficient in the early stage of the infection, a significant number of patients develop disseminated manifestations (articular, neurological, and cutaneous) due to unnoticed or absence of erythema migrans, or to inappropriate treatment. Vaccine could be an efficient approach to decrease Lyme disease incidence. We have developed a proteomic approach based on a one dimensional gel electrophoresis followed by LC-MS/MS strategy to identify new vaccine candidates. We analyzed a disseminating clone and the associated wild-type strain for each major pathogenic Borrelia species: B. burgdorferi sensu stricto, B. garinii, and B. afzelii. We identified specific proteins and common proteins to the disseminating clones of the three main species. In parallel, we used a spectral counting strategy to identify upregulated proteins common to the clones. Finally, 40 proteins were found that could potentially be involved in bacterial virulence and of interest in the development of a new vaccine. We selected the three proteins specifically detected in the disseminating clones of the three Borrelia species and checked by RT-PCR whether they are expressed in mouse skin upon B. burgdorferi ss inoculation. Interestingly, BB0566 appears as a potential vaccine candidate. All MS data have been deposited in the ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD000876 (http://proteomecentral.proteomexchange.org/dataset/PXD000876).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilles Schnell
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique, Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
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Chitosan as an adjuvant-like substrate for dendritic cell culture to enhance antitumor effects. Biomaterials 2014; 35:8867-8875. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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40
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Xiao D, Tang Z, Yin Y, Zhang B, Hu X, Feng Z, Wang J. Effects of dietary administering chitosan on growth performance, jejunal morphology, jejunal mucosal sIgA, occluding, claudin-1 and TLR4 expression in weaned piglets challenged by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli. Int Immunopharmacol 2013; 17:670-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2013.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2012] [Revised: 07/31/2013] [Accepted: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Mofazzal Jahromi MA, Karimi M, Azadmanesh K, Naderi Manesh H, Hassan ZM, Moazzeni SM. The effect of chitosan-tripolyphosphate nanoparticles on maturation and function of dendritic cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00580-013-1799-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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42
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Armengaud J, Christie-Oleza JA, Clair G, Malard V, Duport C. Exoproteomics: exploring the world around biological systems. Expert Rev Proteomics 2013. [PMID: 23194272 DOI: 10.1586/epr.12.52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The term 'exoproteome' describes the protein content that can be found in the extracellular proximity of a given biological system. These proteins arise from cellular secretion, other protein export mechanisms or cell lysis, but only the most stable proteins in this environment will remain in abundance. It has been shown that these proteins reflect the physiological state of the cells in a given condition and are indicators of how living systems interact with their environments. High-throughput proteomic approaches based on a shotgun strategy, and high-resolution mass spectrometers, have modified the authors' view of exoproteomes. In the present review, the authors describe how these new approaches should be exploited to obtain the maximum useful information from a sample, whatever its origin. The methodologies used for studying secretion from model cell lines derived from eukaryotic, multicellular organisms, virulence determinants of pathogens and environmental bacteria and their relationships with their habitats are illustrated with several examples. The implication of such data, in terms of proteogenomics and the discovery of novel protein functions, is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Armengaud
- CEA, DSV, IBEB, Lab Biochim System Perturb, Bagnols-sur-Cèze, F-30207, France.
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Methylated N-(4-N,N-dimethylaminocinnamyl) chitosan-coated electrospray OVA-loaded microparticles for oral vaccination. Int J Pharm 2013; 448:19-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2013.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2013] [Revised: 02/13/2013] [Accepted: 03/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Vicente S, Diaz-Freitas B, Peleteiro M, Sanchez A, Pascual DW, Gonzalez-Fernandez A, Alonso MJ. A polymer/oil based nanovaccine as a single-dose immunization approach. PLoS One 2013; 8:e62500. [PMID: 23614052 PMCID: PMC3632546 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0062500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2012] [Accepted: 03/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The recognized necessity for new antigen delivery carriers with the capacity to boost, modulate and prolong neutralizing immune responses prompted our approach, in which we describe a multifunctional nanocarrier consisting of an oily nanocontainer protected by a polymeric shell made of chitosan (CS), named CS nanocapsules (CSNC). The CS shell can associate the antigen on its surface, whereas the oily core might provide additional immunostimulating properties. In this first characterization of the system, we intended to study the influence of different antigen organizations on the nanocarrier's surface (using the recombinant hepatitis B surface antigen –rHBsAg– as a model antigen) on their long-term immunopotentiating effect, without any additional immunostimulant. Thus, two prototypes of antigen-loaded CSNC (CSNC+ and CSNC−), exhibiting similar particle size (200 nm) and high antigen association efficiency (>80%), were developed with different surface composition (polymer/antigen ratios) and surface charge (positive/negative, respectively). The biological evaluation of these nanovaccines evidenced the superiority of the CSNC+ as compared to CSNC- and alum-rHBsAg in terms of neutralizing antibody responses, following intramuscular vaccination. Moreover, a single dose of CSNC+ led to similar IgG levels to the positive control. The IgG1/IgG2a ratio suggested a mixed Th1/Th2 response elicited by CSNC+, in contrast to the typical Th2-biased response of alum. Finally, CSNC+ could be freeze-dried without altering its physicochemical properties and adjuvant effect in vivo. In conclusion, the evaluation of CSNC+ confirms its interesting features for enhancing, prolonging and modulating the type of immune response against subunit antigens, such as rHBsAg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Vicente
- Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology Department, Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Belen Diaz-Freitas
- Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Research (IBIV), Biomedical Research Center (CINBIO), University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Mercedes Peleteiro
- Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Research (IBIV), Biomedical Research Center (CINBIO), University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Alejandro Sanchez
- Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology Department, School of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - David W. Pascual
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, United States of America
- Department of Infectious Diseases & Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Africa Gonzalez-Fernandez
- Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Research (IBIV), Biomedical Research Center (CINBIO), University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Maria J. Alonso
- Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology Department, Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- * E-mail:
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Välimäki E, Miettinen JJ, Lietzén N, Matikainen S, Nyman TA. Monosodium urate activates Src/Pyk2/PI3 kinase and cathepsin dependent unconventional protein secretion from human primary macrophages. Mol Cell Proteomics 2013; 12:749-63. [PMID: 23292187 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m112.024661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Monosodium urate (MSU) is an endogenous danger signal that is crystallized from uric acid released from injured cells. MSU is known to activate inflammatory response in macrophages but the molecular mechanisms involved have remained uncharacterized. Activated macrophages start to secrete proteins to activate immune response and to recruit other immune cells to the site of infection and/or tissue damage. Secretome characterization after activation of innate immune system is essential to unravel the details of early phases of defense responses. Here, we have analyzed the secretome of human primary macrophages stimulated with MSU using quantitative two-dimensional gel electrophoresis based proteomics as well as high-throughput qualitative GeLC-MS/MS approach combining protein separation by SDS-PAGE and protein identification by liquid chromatography-MS/MS. Both methods showed that MSU stimulation induced robust protein secretion from lipopolysaccharide-primed human macrophages. Bioinformatic analysis of the secretome data showed that MSU stimulation strongly activates unconventional, vesicle mediated protein secretion. The unconventionally secreted proteins included pro-inflammatory cytokines like IL-1β and IL-18, interferon-induced proteins, and danger signal proteins. Also active forms of lysosomal proteases cathepsins were secreted on MSU stimulation, and cathepsin activity was essential for MSU-induced unconventional protein secretion. Additionally, proteins associated to phosphorylation events including Src family tyrosine kinases were increased in the secretome of MSU-stimulated cells. Our functional studies demonstrated that Src, Pyk2, and PI3 kinases act upstream of cathepsins to activate the overall protein secretion from macrophages. In conclusion, we provide the first comprehensive characterization of protein secretion pathways activated by MSU in human macrophages, and reveal a novel role for cathepsins and Src, Pyk2, PI3 kinases in the activation of unconventional protein secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elina Välimäki
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Finland
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Gow NAR, Hube B. Importance of the Candida albicans cell wall during commensalism and infection. Curr Opin Microbiol 2012; 15:406-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2012.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 246] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2012] [Revised: 04/26/2012] [Accepted: 04/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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St John AL, Chan CY, Staats HF, Leong KW, Abraham SN. Synthetic mast-cell granules as adjuvants to promote and polarize immunity in lymph nodes. NATURE MATERIALS 2012; 11:250-7. [PMID: 22266469 PMCID: PMC3749235 DOI: 10.1038/nmat3222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2011] [Accepted: 11/30/2011] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Granules of mast cells (MCs) enhance adaptive immunity when, on activation, they are released as stable particles. Here we show that submicrometre particles modelled after MC granules augment immunity when used as adjuvants in vaccines. The synthetic particles, which consist of a carbohydrate backbone with encapsulated inflammatory mediators such as tumour necrosis factor, replicate attributes of MCs in vivo including the targeting of draining lymph nodes and the timed release of the encapsulated mediators. When used as an adjuvant during vaccination of mice with haemagglutinin from the influenza virus, the particles enhanced adaptive immune responses and increased survival of mice on lethal challenge. Furthermore, differential loading of the particles with the cytokine IL-12 directed the character of the response towards Th1 lymphocytes. The synthetic MC adjuvants replicate and enhance the functions of MCs during vaccination, and can be extended to polarize the resulting immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley L St John
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA.
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48
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Analytical constraints for the analysis of human cell line secretomes by shotgun proteomics. J Proteomics 2011; 75:1043-54. [PMID: 22079246 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2011.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2011] [Revised: 09/16/2011] [Accepted: 10/22/2011] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Human cell line secretome represents a valuable source of therapeutic targets and candidate biomarkers. Secreted proteins found in biological fluids or culture media are by essence highly diluted. Secretome investigation with proteomic approaches is hardly compatible with the high content of proteins found in complete cell culture media. Therefore, many studies are currently done with media containing few or no protein. Such conditions may perturb cell metabolism and proliferation. Here, we compared seventeen different compositions of culture media for the human bronchial epithelial BEAS-2B cell line. Cell viability, proliferation rate and initial protein charge were systematically compared. We have shown that an important difficulty for the proteomic analysis is due to the presence of detergents such as Pluronic F-68 which hinders peptide mass spectrometry. The high glucose containing DMEM medium which is free of proteins was shown to preserve a good viability and proliferation of cells. With this conditioning medium, we identified 81 extracellular proteins in the secretome of BEAS-2B cells. Moreover, to illustrate this approach, we exposed BEAS-2B cells to a low toxic dose of CoCl(2,) and found 24 extracellular proteins modulated by cobalt. This study highlights the possible contribution of such proteomic approach in the field of toxicology.
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Voinot F, Fischer C, Bœuf A, Schmidt C, Delval-Dubois V, Reichardt F, Liewig N, Chaumande B, Ehret-Sabatier L, Lignot JH, Angel F. Effects of controlled ingestion of kaolinite (5%) on food intake, gut morphology and in vitro motility in rats. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2011; 26:565-76. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-8206.2011.00978.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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50
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Chitosan nanoparticles act as an adjuvant to promote both Th1 and Th2 immune responses induced by ovalbumin in mice. Mar Drugs 2011; 9:1038-1055. [PMID: 21747747 PMCID: PMC3131560 DOI: 10.3390/md9061038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2011] [Revised: 05/25/2011] [Accepted: 06/07/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The study was conducted to investigate the promoted immune response to ovalbumin in mice by chitosan nanoparticles (CNP) and its toxicity. CNP did not cause any mortality or side effects when mice were administered subcutaneously twice with a dose of 1.5 mg at 7-day intervals. Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice were immunized subcutaneously with 25 μg ovalbumin (OVA) alone or with 25 μg OVA dissolved in saline containing Quil A (10 μg), chitosan (CS) (50 μg) or CNP (12.5, 50 or 200 μg) on days 1 and 15. Two weeks after the secondary immunization, serum OVA-specific antibody titers, splenocyte proliferation, natural killer (NK) cell activity, and production and mRNA expression of cytokines from splenocytes were measured. The serum OVA-specific IgG, IgG1, IgG2a, and IgG2b antibody titers and Con A-, LPS-, and OVA-induced splenocyte proliferation were significantly enhanced by CNP (P < 0.05) as compared with OVA and CS groups. CNP also significantly promoted the production of Th1 (IL-2 and IFN-γ) and Th2 (IL-10) cytokines and up-regulated the mRNA expression of IL-2, IFN-γ and IL-10 cytokines in splenocytes from the immunized mice compared with OVA and CS groups. Besides, CNP remarkably increased the killing activities of NK cells activity (P < 0.05). The results suggested that CNP had a strong potential to increase both cellular and humoral immune responses and elicited a balanced Th1/Th2 response, and that CNP may be a safe and efficacious adjuvant candidate suitable for a wide spectrum of prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines.
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