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Zharmukhamedov SK, Shabanova MS, Huseynova IM, Karacan MS, Karacan N, Akar H, Kreslavski VD, Alharby HF, Bruce BD, Allakhverdiev SI. Probing the Influence of Novel Organometallic Copper(II) Complexes on Spinach PSII Photochemistry Using OJIP Fluorescence Transient Measurements. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1058. [PMID: 37509094 PMCID: PMC10377486 DOI: 10.3390/biom13071058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Modern agricultural cultivation relies heavily on genetically modified plants that survive after exposure to herbicides that kill weeds. Despite this biotechnology, there is a growing need for new sustainable, environmentally friendly, and biodegradable herbicides. We developed a novel [CuL2]Br2 complex (L = bis{4H-1,3,5-triazino[2,1-b]benzothiazole-2-amine,4-(2-imidazole) that is active on PSII by inhibiting photosynthetic oxygen evolution on the micromolar level. [CuL2]Br2 reduces the FV of PSII fluorescence. Artificial electron donors do not rescind the effect of [CuL2]Br2. The inhibitory mechanism of [CuL2]Br2 remains unclear. To explore this mechanism, we investigated the effect of [CuL2]Br2 in the presence/absence of the well-studied inhibitor DCMU on PSII-containing membranes by OJIP Chl fluorescence transient measurements. [CuL2]Br2 has two effects on Chl fluorescence transients: (1) a substantial decrease of the Chl fluorescence intensity throughout the entire kinetics, and (2) an auxiliary "diuron-like" effect. The initial decrease dominates and is observed both with and without DCMU. In contrast, the "diuron-like" effect is small and is observed only without DCMU. We propose that [CuL2]Br2 has two binding sites for PSII with different affinities. At the high-affinity site, [CuL2]Br2 produces effects similar to PSII reaction center inhibition, while at the low-affinity site, [CuL2]Br2 produces effects identical to those of DCMU. These results are compared with other PSII-specific classes of herbicides.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mehriban S Shabanova
- Bionanotechnology Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences, AZ1143 Baku, Azerbaijan
| | - Irada M Huseynova
- Bionanotechnology Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences, AZ1143 Baku, Azerbaijan
| | - Mehmet Sayım Karacan
- Department of Chemistry, Science Faculty, Gazi University, Teknikokullar, Ankara 06500, Turkey
| | - Nurcan Karacan
- Department of Chemistry, Science Faculty, Gazi University, Teknikokullar, Ankara 06500, Turkey
| | - Hande Akar
- Department of Chemistry, Science Faculty, Gazi University, Teknikokullar, Ankara 06500, Turkey
| | | | - Hesham F Alharby
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Barry D Bruce
- Departments of Biochemistry & Cellular and Molecular Biology, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Suleyman I Allakhverdiev
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, FRC PSCBR RAS, 142290 Pushchino, Russia
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya Street 35, 127276 Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Bahcesehir University, Istanbul 34349, Turkey
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Terentyev VV, Shukshina AK, Ashikhmin AA, Tikhonov KG, Shitov AV. The Main Structural and Functional Characteristics of Photosystem-II-Enriched Membranes Isolated from Wild Type and cia3 Mutant Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Life (Basel) 2020; 10:life10050063. [PMID: 32423065 PMCID: PMC7281441 DOI: 10.3390/life10050063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Photosystem II (PSII)-enriched membranes retain the original PSII architecture in contrast to PSII cores or PSII supercomplexes, which are usually isolated from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Here, we present data that fully characterize the structural and functional properties of PSII complexes in isolated PSII-enriched membranes from C. reinhardtii. The preparations were isolated from wild-type (WT) and CAH3-deficient mutant cia3 as the influence of CAH3 on the PSII function was previously proposed. Based on the equal chlorophyll content, the PSII-enriched membranes from WT and cia3 have the same amount of reaction centers (RCs), cytochrome b559, subunits of the water-oxidizing complex, Mn ions, and carotenes. They differ in the ratio of other carotenoids, the parts of low/intermediate redox forms of cytochrome b559, and the composition of outer light-harvesting complexes. The preparations had 40% more chlorophyll molecules per RC compared to higher plants. Functionally, PSII-enriched membranes from WT and cia3 show the same photosynthetic activity at optimal pH 6.5. However, the preparations from cia3 contained more closed RCs even at pH 6.5 and showed more pronounced suppression of PSII photosynthetic activity at shift pH up to 7.0, established in the lumen of dark-adapted cells. Nevertheless, the PSII photosynthetic capacities remained the same.
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Stirbet A, Riznichenko GY, Rubin AB, Govindjee. Modeling chlorophyll a fluorescence transient: relation to photosynthesis. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2015; 79:291-323. [PMID: 24910205 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297914040014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
To honor Academician Alexander Abramovitch Krasnovsky, we present here an educational review on the relation of chlorophyll a fluorescence transient to various processes in photosynthesis. The initial event in oxygenic photosynthesis is light absorption by chlorophylls (Chls), carotenoids, and, in some cases, phycobilins; these pigments form the antenna. Most of the energy is transferred to reaction centers where it is used for charge separation. The small part of energy that is not used in photochemistry is dissipated as heat or re-emitted as fluorescence. When a photosynthetic sample is transferred from dark to light, Chl a fluorescence (ChlF) intensity shows characteristic changes in time called fluorescence transient, the OJIPSMT transient, where O (the origin) is for the first measured minimum fluorescence level; J and I for intermediate inflections; P for peak; S for semi-steady state level; M for maximum; and T for terminal steady state level. This transient is a real signature of photosynthesis, since diverse events can be related to it, such as: changes in redox states of components of the linear electron transport flow, involvement of alternative electron routes, the build-up of a transmembrane pH gradient and membrane potential, activation of different nonphotochemical quenching processes, activation of the Calvin-Benson cycle, and other processes. In this review, we present our views on how different segments of the OJIPSMT transient are influenced by various photosynthetic processes, and discuss a number of studies involving mathematical modeling and simulation of the ChlF transient. A special emphasis is given to the slower PSMT phase, for which many studies have been recently published, but they are less known than on the faster OJIP phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Stirbet
- 204 Anne Burras Lane, Newport News, VA 23606, USA.
| | | | | | - Govindjee
- Department of Plant Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Center of Biophysics and Quantitative Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
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Kurashov V, Lovyagina E, Shkolnikov D, Solntsev M, Mamedov M, Semin B. Investigation of the low-affinity oxidation site for exogenous electron donors in the Mn-depleted photosystem II complexes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2009; 1787:1492-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2009.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2009] [Revised: 06/24/2009] [Accepted: 07/09/2009] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Lazár D, Schansker G. Models of Chlorophyll a Fluorescence Transients. PHOTOSYNTHESIS IN SILICO 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4020-9237-4_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Semin BK, Davletshina LN, Bulychev AA, Ivanov II, Seibert M, Rubin AB. Effect of calcium chelators on the formation and oxidation of the slowly relaxing reduced plastoquinone pool in calcium-depleted PSII membranes. Investigation of the F0 yield. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2007; 72:1205-15. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006297907110065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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De Las Rivas J, Heredia P, Roman A. Oxygen-evolving extrinsic proteins (PsbO,P,Q,R): bioinformatic and functional analysis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2007; 1767:575-82. [PMID: 17367749 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2007.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2006] [Revised: 12/29/2006] [Accepted: 01/25/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The water-splitting and oxygen-evolving (OE) reaction is carried out by a large multisubunit protein complex, Photosystem II (PSII), that has two distinct regions: a membrane intrinsic-region that includes most of the PSII subunits and a lumenal extrinsic-region that is in close association to the manganese catalytic center. The recently determined PSII 3D structures from cyanobacteria provide a considerable amount of new knowledge about the OE architecture (K.N. Ferreira, T.M. Iverson, K. Maghlaoui, J. Barber, S. Iwata, Architecture of the photosynthetic oxygen-evolving center, Science 303 (2004) 1831-1838; B. Loll, J. Kern, W. Saenger, A. Zouni, J. Biesiadka, Towards complete cofactor arrangement in the 3.0 A resolution structure of photosystem II, Nature 438 (2005) 1040-1044). Most of the intrinsic core PSII polypeptides have been well conserved through evolution from ancient cyanobacteria to modern plants, keeping the essence of PSII light driven reactions from prokaryotes to eukaryotes; but what is striking is the large number of changes that have occurred in the oxygen-evolving extrinsic proteins (OEEp) associated to PSII lumenal side. For unknown reasons plant PSII has required the "invention" of three OEEps: PsbP (23 kDa), PsbQ (16 kDa) and PsbR (10 kDa); associated to the ubiquitous OEEp PsbO (33 kDa). This set of proteins seems to be required in plants for the full activity and stability of the OE center in vivo, but their specific function is not clear. In this paper, bioinformatics and functional data show that the OEEps present in plants and green algae are very distinct from their prokaryotic counterparts. Moreover, clear differences are found for PsbQ from higher plants and green algae; and a relationship has been found between PsbR and the Mn cluster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier De Las Rivas
- Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics Research Group, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (IBMCC, CSIC/USAL) Salamanca, Spain.
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Lazár D. The polyphasic chlorophyll a fluorescence rise measured under high intensity of exciting light. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2006; 33:9-30. [PMID: 32689211 DOI: 10.1071/fp05095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2005] [Accepted: 08/18/2005] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Chlorophyll a fluorescence rise caused by illumination of photosynthetic samples by high intensity of exciting light, the O-J-I-P (O-I1-I2-P) transient, is reviewed here. First, basic information about chlorophyll a fluorescence is given, followed by a description of instrumental set-ups, nomenclature of the transient, and samples used for the measurements. The review mainly focuses on the explanation of particular steps of the transient based on experimental and theoretical results, published since a last review on chlorophyll a fluorescence induction [Lazár D (1999) Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1412, 1-28]. In addition to 'old' concepts (e.g. changes in redox states of electron acceptors of photosystem II (PSII), effect of the donor side of PSII, fluorescence quenching by oxidised plastoquinone pool), 'new' approaches (e.g. electric voltage across thylakoid membranes, electron transport through the inactive branch in PSII, recombinations between PSII electron acceptors and donors, electron transport reactions after PSII, light gradient within the sample) are reviewed. The K-step, usually detected after a high-temperature stress, and other steps appearing in the transient (the H and G steps) are also discussed. Finally, some applications of the transient are also mentioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dušan Lazár
- Palacký University, Faculty of Science, Department of Experimental Physics, Laboratory of Biophysics, tř. Svobody 26, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic. Email
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Raval MK, Biswal B, Biswal UC. The mystery of oxygen evolution: analysis of structure and function of photosystem II, the water-plastoquinone oxido-reductase. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2005; 85:267-93. [PMID: 16170631 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-005-8163-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2004] [Accepted: 05/26/2005] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Photosystem II (PS II) of thylakoid membrane of photosynthetic organisms has drawn attention of researchers over the years because it is the only system on Earth that provides us with oxygen that we breathe. In the recent past, structure of PS II has been the focus of research in plant science. The report of X-ray crystallographic structure of PS II complex by the research groups of James Barber and So Iwata in UK is a milestone in the area of research in photosynthesis. It follows the pioneering and elegant work from the laboratories of Horst Witt and W. Saenger in Germany, and J. Shen in Japan. It is time to analyze the historic events during the long journey made by the researchers to arrive at this point. This review makes an attempt to critically review the growth of the advancement of concepts and knowledge on the photosystem in the background of technological development. We conclude the review with perspectives on research and technology that should reveal the complete story of PS II of thylakoid in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K Raval
- P.G. Department of Chemistry, Government College, Sundargarh, Orissa, India.
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Lazár D, Ilík P, Kruk J, Strzałka K, Naus J. A theoretical study on effect of the initial redox state of cytochrome b559 on maximal chlorophyll fluorescence level (F(M)): implications for photoinhibition of photosystem II. J Theor Biol 2004; 233:287-300. [PMID: 15619367 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2004.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2004] [Revised: 10/06/2004] [Accepted: 10/08/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we extended the reversible radical pair model which describes energy utilization and electron transfer up to the first quinone electron acceptor (Q(A)) in photosystem II (PSII), by redox reactions involving cytochrome (cyt) b559. In the model, cyt b559 accepts electrons from the reduced primary electron acceptor in PSII, pheophytin, and donates electrons to the oxidized primary electron donor in PSII (P680+). Theoretical simulations of chlorophyll fluorescence rise based on the model show that the maximal fluorescence, F(M), increases with an increasing amount of initially reduced cyt b559. In this work we applied, the first to our knowledge, metabolic control analysis (MCA) to a model of reactions in PSII. The MCA was used to determine to what extent the reactions occurring in the model control the F(M) level and how this control depends on the initial redox state of cyt b559. The simulations also revealed that increasing the amount of initially reduced cyt b559 could protect PSII against photoinhibition. Also experimental data, which might be used to validate our theory, are presented and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dusan Lazár
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Department of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, tr. Svobody 26, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
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